2019届奉贤区高三英语一模试卷

Ⅱ. Grammar and Vocabulary

Section A

To Be Joyful, To Be Young

What really works to make sustainable changes in diet and lifestyle? It’s probably not what you think. In the past 30 years of conducting clinical research, I (21) (learn) that real keys are pleasure, joy and freedom. Joy of living is sustainable; fear of dying is not.

Why? Because life is to be enjoyed. There’s no point (22) (abandon) something you enjoy unless you get something back that’s even better, and quickly. When people eat more healthfully, (23) (quit) smoking, and manage stress better, they find they feel so much better, so quickly. It reconstructs the reason for making these changes from fear of dying to joy of living. When you exercise and eat right, your brain receives more blood flow and oxygen, so you become smarter, have more energy, and need less sleep. Two studies showed just walking for three hours per week for only three months caused so many neurons(神经细胞) (24) (grow) that it actually increased the size of people’s brains!

Your face receives more blood flow, so your skin glows more and wrinkles less. You look younger and more attractive. In contrast, an unhealthy diet, lasting emotional stress and smoking reduce blood flow to your face (25) you age more quickly. Smoking speeds up aging because nicotine contributes to your blood vessel becoming narrower, (26) decreases blood flow to your face and makes it wrinkle prematurely. This is why smokers look years older than they really are.

One of the most interesting findings was that the mothers’ awareness of stress was more important than (27) was objectively occurring in their lives. (28) (give) a questionnaire, the women were asked to rate on a three-point scale how stressed they felt each day. The women who realized they were under heavy stress had significantly shortened and damaged telomeres(染色体端粒) compared with (29) who felt more relaxed. Contrarily, some of the women who felt relaxed (30) raising a disabled child had more normal-appearing telomeres.

In other words, if you feel stressed, you are stressed.

Section B

Directions：After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box.

monarchs and presidents. Every year the Queen takes up official residence in Windsor Castle for a month over Easter(March-April).

The Castle is huge, so people tend to head for the most 36___________ bits--the State Apartments, ST. George’s Chapel, the Gallery and the delightful Queen Mary’s Dolls House. Works of art, antique furniture, curiositics and impressive architecture reflect the tastes of many different royal generations. The State Apartments are 37_______ decorated formal rooms still used for state and official functions.

The magnificent and beautiful St. George’s Chapel was started in 1475 by Edward IV and was completed 50 years later by Henry VIII. It 38________ among the finest examples of late medieval architecture in the UK.

The Drawings Gallery 39_________ the exhibition “The Queen: 60 Photographs for 60 Years”. The exhibition

presents portraits of the Queen 40________ in brief moments on both official occasions and at relaxed family gatherings.

Ⅲ. Reading Comprehension

Section A

Directions：For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C, and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.

“Nature and Nurture”

People have wondered for a long time how their personalities and behavior are formed. However, it is not easy to explain why one person is intelligent and another is not, or why one is cooperative and another is 41 ____.

Social scientists are of course 42_________ interested in these types of questions. They want to explain why we possess certain characteristics and exhibit certain behavior. There are no clear answers yet, but two43______

schools of thought on the matter have developed. As one might expect, the two approaches are very different from each other, and there is a great deal of debated between 44________ of each theory. The controversy(争论)is often conveniently referred to as “nature and nurture”

Those who 45 ________ the “nature” side of the conflict believe that our personalities and behavior patterns are 46_________ determined by biological factors. That our environment has little, if anything, to do with our abilities, characteristics and behavior is 47________ to this theory. Taken to an extreme, this theory states that our behavior is predetermined to such a great degree that we are almost completely governed by our 48 ______.

Supporters of the “nurture” theory, or , as they are often called, 49 ________, claim that our environment is more important than our biologically based instincts in determining how we will act. A behaviorists’ s view of the human being is quite mechanistic. They state that, like machines, humans respond to 51________ stimuli(刺激) as the basis of their behavior.

Socially and politically, the consequences of these two theories are 52 _______. In the US, for example, blacks often score below white on standardized intelligence tests. This leads some “nature”supporters to conclude that blacks are genetically lower in status than whites are. Behaviorists, 53________ ,say that the differences in scores are due to the fact that blacks are often robbed of many of the educational and other environmental advantages that whites enjoy, and that, as a result, they do not develop the same 54 ________that whites do.

Neither of these theories can yet fully explain human behavior. As a matter of fact, it is quite 55_______ that the key to our behavior lies somewhere between these two extremes and that the controversy will continue for a long time is certain.