限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别(2)

限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别

限制性定语从句提供有关主语或宾语的重要信息，起限定作用，与被修饰部分的关系紧密，如果省略该从句会使主句语义表达不完整。例如：This is the very person that is wanted by the police.

He is the man who /that lives next door.

It was a meeting whose importance I did not realize at the time.

非限制性定语从句只是用来对被修饰部分作补充性的说明，与先行词关系比较松散，先行词与从句间可以用逗号隔开，从句可略去：

He will not be able to spend the holiday with his family, which is

a big annoyance to him.

The minister, who is to visit our university, is said to be a Qinghua University graduate.

The book, which your sister bought you in Xinhua Bookstore,

is very useful in improving your spoken English.

The businessman, whose suitcase has been found by a stranger, has left for Beijing.

如果定语从句的先行词是专有名词或是带有形容词性物主代词(my, his, etc)或形容词性指示代词(this, that, etc)作限定词的名词词组，其后的定语从句通常为非限制性的。例如：

The Thames, which is now clean enough to swim in,was polluted for over a hundred years.

My mother, who has been on a visit to Australia, will fly back tomorrow.

All of these books, which have been donated by visiting

professors, are to be used by the children in Hope School.

限制性定语从句的先行词只能是名词，代词或名词性词组，而非限制性定语从句的先行词除了是名词及名词性词组外，还可能是句子的一部分或是整个句子。例如：

They say he plays truant, which he doesn’t. [which指代plays truant]

The meeting was put off till next month, as we hoped. [as指前面的句子]

下面的表格归纳了前面已提到的两者不同之处：

表一：限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别

3.2 定语从句中的关系代词

3.2.1 关系代词that, which, who在定语从句中做主语

在限制性定语从句中，who或that用于指人，that或which用于指物，它们在定语从句中代替名词性主语或代词性主语，不能省略。例如：He is the man who/that lives here.[不能说：×He is the man who he lives here.]

The bag which／that has been put there for a long time belongs to Wang Hong．

3.2.2 who(m), which, that在定语从句中作宾语

表示人的时候用who(m)或that, 它们在从句中代替名词性宾语或宾格代词，作定语从句宾语的whom/that通常可以省略，在口语中常用who 代替whom。例如：

He’s the man whom/ that I met.

There are some people here who I want you to meet.

表示动物和东西的时候应用which/that:

The pieces of music (that)he has composed are sung by many pop singers.

Taxes consist of money (that) people pay to support their government.

They’re the postcards which I sent from America.

3.2.3 who(m), which或that作介词的宾语，关系代词可省略。

定语从句的介词的位置非常重要，我们可以说：

He is the person to whom I wrote. [非常正式用法] (但不可以说：×to who).

或：He is the person who(m)I wrote to. /He is the person (whom) I wrote to.

This is the pan in which I boiled the milk. [非常正式用法] 或：This is the pan which I boiled the milk in. / This is the pan (that/which) I boiled the milk in.

3.2.4 whose + 名词

关系代词whose是既可用于限制性定语从句，也可用于非限制性定语从句，在从句中作定语，一般用来指人，代替所有格形容词（my, his, your, her, its等），在从句中当定语，没有阴性、阳性或单数、复数的变化；有时也可指物，指物时可以用of which 代替。例如：

The professor whose daughter teaches you English is Dr.

Williams.

The bicycle whose brake was damaged has now been repaired.

=The bicycle, the brake of which was damaged, has now

been repaired.

Edison is a great inventor whose fame is world-wide.

3.2.5 that的用法

1、that只用于限制性定语从句，既可指人，又可指物，在句中用做主语或宾语。（见3.2.1、3.2.2）

2、当先行词是all，much，little, the one, anything, something,

nothing, everything, none等不定代词时，关系代词只用that。例如：