第八讲劣质重油深加工工艺资料

H-Oil
415~440 13.5~21.0
— 0.4~1.3 0.35~2.1
45~85 65~82 25~45 45~75 65~90 130~300
LC-Fining
410~440 11.0~18.0 7.5~12.5
55~80 60~85
40~70 65~88 135~300
High temperature: operation temperature is almost the same with end-of-run temperature of fixed bed residue hydrogenation High pressure: To stabilize operation, maintain hydrogen partial pressure at outlet of reactor. High hydrogen consumption: For VR converted and contaminates removal.
建造与操作费用很高 • 我国重整原料和烯烃裂解原料不足 • 我国加氢的氢源不足（石脑油制氢） • 提高柴汽比的需要
7、我国延迟焦化发展趋势
• 1931年美国建立了第一套工业装置 • 目前最大装置：770万吨（Sincor，委内瑞拉） • 世界最大在建：1200万吨（Suncor，加拿大) • 我国最大： 430万吨（中海油－惠州）
Processing Technology challenges
❖ Delayed coking can process VR from Venezuela ultra-heavy oil/oilsand bitumen with technical and economic advantage.
❖ Ebullated-bed hydrocracking used for handling Canada oilsand bitumen residue for decades.
Delayed Coking-Advances
❖Total capacity of delayed coking units amounting to 32%; residue processing capacity reached to 0.3 billion t/a in the world and 90 million t/a in China.
❖More residues are processed in US refineries.
during the past 10 years: API dropped 1° and sulfur content increased 0.27% coking capacity in US increased 0.27 Mt/a.
炭>20)的加工
Deep Conversion Options
HYDROGEN ADDITION
FIXED BED
Hydrocracking/HDS Residfining ARDS/VRDS
FLUIDIZED BED
H-Oil LC-fining UOP Aurabon
• Commercial Technologies • Less Conversion. • Limited use Orinoco Belt Crudes • Higher Investment.
Champion: using anti-foulant to reduce furnace coking effectively.
Example: Unit in Delek Texas Tyler refinery went through 500 day continuous run, total estimated saving more than 2 Million $/a.
Delayed Coking Operation
➢ Run lengths are up to 5 years with outages/partial outages for furnace decoking
➢ Cycle times are 18 hours or less
➢ Most units are being designed to minimize operator attendance on the structure to improve safety
3、重油加工技术的选择（示意图）
20
残 15 炭 % 10
加氢处理
重油催化
5
加氢处 理
00
10
100
Ni+V ppm
热 加 工
200
3、重油加工技术的选择
重油深加工工艺
RFCC 焦化 固定 沸腾 床床
√√√ √
×√√ √
√ √&? √
√× √
★
×
渣油原料性质
悬浮 Ni+V，PPm 残碳， 硫，m% 难度
第八讲 劣质重油深加工工艺 I、重质油加工技术选择 II、重质油加氢工艺
I、重油深加工技术选择
一、劣质重油深加工首选工艺-热加工
1、超稠油（重油）集输对重油改质的重大需求 • 稠油管输对粘度要求严格 • 稠油船运与管输对安定性要求严格 • 稠油储存对稳定性要求严格
2、劣质渣油深加工对技术的依赖 • 高金属重油（＞200ppm) • 高残炭（ ＞17％） • 高粘度（＞1000cst, 100℃)
❖ Temperature higher than 410℃ ❖ 16 Mpa pressure ❖ Conversion level properly controlled to avoid asphaltenes
SLURRY BUBBLE
HDHPLUS™/SHP
VCC CANMET CASH (CVX) EST (ENI)
MOVING BED
Shell HDM/HYCON
CARBON REJECTION
Delayed Cocking Flexicoking Fluid Coking RFCC Visbreaking HydroVisbreaking
床
m%
√
<25
<7
<0.5 易加工
√
<70
<15
不难
√ 70～200 <15
稍难
√ 200～800
难加工
?
>800
极难
4、脱碳工艺对重油原料的适应性强
5、渣油深加工发展趋势
• 美国自1994年起, 减压渣油的深加工基本上围绕 延迟焦化配套相应精制系统(“Since 1994, all residue upgrading in the USA has been based on delayed coking”).
Slurry-bed hydrocracking-EST
❖ EST from ENI: Pilot experiment completed in an 1200 BPSD industrial demonstration unit at Taranto refinery.
❖ Eni's Sannazzaro refinery will host the first full scale EST industrial plant (20000 BPSD). React conditions
• 我国延迟焦化加工ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้模进展 • 2000年（1850万吨/年）； • 2003年（～3000万吨/年）， • 目前 （12000万吨）。
8、延迟焦化工艺制约因素
突出问题：
.
液收较低
结焦 “焦粉”淤堵
弹丸焦
9、目前我国延迟焦化存在问题
❖ 焦化液收偏低、生焦率偏高 ❖ 石油焦质量不高（粉焦、弹丸焦、粘焦） ❖ 操作周期偏短（3～12月，停工一天损失>100万元） ❖ 目前运转的装置大都不能适应劣质稠油渣油（残
Ebullated-bed hydrocracking
❖ Ebullated-bed advantage: Catalyst in reactor is continuously added and removed from the reactor
Reactor for hydrocracking
• 目前美国、加拿大和委内瑞拉都在大力发展延迟 焦化工艺。
• 到2002年大部分流化焦化和灵活焦化装置停产或 半停产。
• 我国在大力发展渣油延迟焦化技术和加氢技术。
6、我国延迟焦化发展动力
• 原油偏重、劣质资源所占份额越来越大 • RFCC向FCC技术回归趋势（汽柴油质量要求提高） • VRDS和ARDS对原料的残炭和金属含量要求严格，
CONC. CARBON AND REMOVAL
SDA Gasification
• Old Technology • Low Liquid Yield. • High Coke Yield. • Low Investment.
• Ready for Commercial Application • High Conversion. • Suitable for the Orinoco Belt Crudes • Higher Investment.
Ebullated-bed hydrocracking
New generation catalyst
Improving process to increase impurities removal rate and capacity
Advances
Integrating ebullated-bed hydrocracking unit with downstream unit to reduce investment and operating cost