2017年上海普陀区高三英语一模试卷

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英语高考模拟卷-上海市普陀区届高三上学期一模考试英语试题及答案试题25

学年第一学期普陀区高三英语质量调研卷英语试卷（一模）（完卷时间：120分钟满分：150分）第I卷I. Listening Comprehension (30%)Section A Short ConversationsDirections: In section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1.A. Husband and wife. B. Doctor and patient.C. Manager and clerk.D. Waitress and customer.2. A. Hotel and resident. B. Professor and student.C. Customer officer and traveler.D. Boss and secretary.3. A.He is quite easy to recognize. B.He is an outstanding speaker.C.He looks like a movie star.D.He looks young for his age.4. A.Urge Jenny to spend more time on study.B.Help Jenny to prepare for the coming exams.C.Act towards Jenny in a more sensible way.D.Send Jenny to a volleyball training center.5. A. Looking for a timetable. B. Buying some furniture.C. Reserving a table.D. Window shopping.6. A. Henry doesn’t like the color. B. Someone else painted the house.C. There was no ladder in the house.D. Henry painted the house himself.7. A. Clean her house while she is away. B. Buy her some plants and take care of them.C. Water her plants while she is away.D. Water her plants when he is not at work.8. A.There are too many courses offered to students.B. The woman should take fewer courses next term.C. The man will take four courses next semester.D. It is wiser to take more than four courses.9. A. Spending more time on sightseeing. B. Visiting the city with a group.C. Touring the city on a fine day.D. Taking the man with her on the tour.10. A. Ask Tom to send an invitation. B. Get the Johnsons’ address.C. Invite Tom to the party.D. Tell Tom to pick up the Johnsons.Section B PassagesDirections: In section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. Courses in British history. B. Language courses.C. Courses in sports.D. Teacher training courses.12. A. To attract more students.B. To make the courses suitable for students of all levels.C. To let the students have a good rest.D. To make the summer school more like a holiday.13. A. Because they all work very hard.B. Because their teachers are all native speakers of English.C. Because they learn not only in but also out of class.D. Because they are all advanced students.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14.A. To show off their wealth. B. To feel good.C. To regain their memory.D. To be different from others.15.A. To help solve their psychological problems.B. To play games with them.C. To send them to the hospital.D. To make them aware of its harmfulness.16.A. They need care and affection.B. They are fond of the world trips.C. They are mostly from broken families.D. They are likely to commit crimes.Section C Longer ConversationsDirections: In section C, you will hear two longer conversations. Each conversation will be read twice. After you hear the conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write ONE WORD OR NUMBER for each answer.Blanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.II. Grammar and Vocabulary (25%)Section ADirections: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence.25.The population of this city, forty percent of which _________, _________ 15% in the last three years.A.are Germans, has risen byB.are Germen, has fallen byC.is Germans, have increased toD.is Germans, have been reduced by26. The students, _________ at the way the questions were put, didn't know the answers to them.A.they being surprisedB.surprisedC.their being surprisedD.then surprised27. Prices of daily goods ________ through a computer can be lower than store prices.A. are boughtB. boughtC. been boughtD. buying28. The students expected there _____ more reviewing classes before the final exams.A. isB. beingC. have beenD. to be29. He wasn’t asked to take on the chairmanship of the society, ___ insufficiently popular with all members.A. being consideredB. consideringC. to be consideredD. having considered30. According to a recent survey, 95 percent of women aged between 15 and early 40s ______ a doctor once a year, compared to 70 percent of men in the same age group.A. seesB. seeC. sawD. had seen31. Today’s college is appropriate as a setting for a society,________ its members must acquire and manage knowledge from a wide variety of sources．A.whichB.so thatC.whereD.of which32. His writing is so confusing that it’s difficult to make out _____it is he is trying to express.A.thatB.howC.whoD.what33. Marie told us that _____ that she was able to set up new branches elsewhere．A. so successful her business wasB. so successful was her businessC. such successful business had sheD. so her business was successful34. Although he has become wealthy, Mr. Wood remains _______ he used to be, modest and friendly.A. whenB. whereC. whatD. how35. I can think of many cases _________ students obviously knew a lot of English words and expressions but couldn't write a good sentence.A.whyB.whichC.asD.where36. _________ solve the medical care for the low-income earners and the unemployed.A.Only by joint efforts can weB.By only joint efforts we canC.Only by joint efforts we canD.Only we can joint effort37.________ from other continents for millions of years, Australia has many plants and animals not found in any other country in the world.A.Being separatedB.Having separatedC.Having been separatedD.To be separated38. _____ fish stocks overexploited, or seriously destroyed, the ocean, the last great piece ofwilderness on this planet, is _____ serious trouble.A. That … out ofB. With … inC. Because … noD. For … of39. ____ on a clear day far from the city crowds, the mountains give him a sense of infinite peace.A. WalkingB. When one is walkingC. If walkingD. When walking40. ___________the many ways illegal immigrants come into the United States every year, the vehicle crammed with crowds seems to be the method of choice lately, however, tragedies such as deaths on the journey to the destination, are sometimes reported nowadays．A.InB.ForC.OfD.OnSection BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.There are more than almost two million cars on the streets of Shanghai. That’s not a big number _41_ to the city’s population of 23 million, but everyone agrees that traffic is a big problem here. And many people would argue that it’s not the number of cars on the road, but the _42_ of the drivers that is the main cause of concern.According to one survey, 37% of Shanghai drivers have less than three years of driving experience. Many of these drivers are middle-aged and have never operated machinery more _43_ than a washing machine. On the road, they drive fast when they should drive slow, _44_ use turn signals, and make right turns on red lights without stopping first. And in the past year, there have been several incidents that resulted in pedestrian deaths when _45_ drivers mistook the gas pedal for the brake (刹车)pedal.There are new regulations _46_ at making it more difficult for people to get a driver’s license, but that is only a partial solution to Shanghai’s traffic problems. What is really needed is a _47_ in drivers’ attitudes. There seems to be a lack of concern for safety on the part of drivers: their own safety and the safety of others. You can see this every day as drivers change lanes aggressively and _48_ pedestrians at crosswalks and intersections.A car is a great convenience, but it can also be a _49_ weapon. Drivers will have to realize that before Shanghai’s streets can become truly safe.III. Reading Comprehension (50%)Section ADirections: For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.German universities, known for their excellence throughout the world in the early part of the 20th century, are in a state of decline, according to Michael Burda, an American economics professor at Berlin’s Humholdt University．Burda claims that Germany’s 300 schools of 50 learning are being hurt by “a long-timeshortage of general 51 ．“No statistic（统计数字）makes this more evident than a low proportion of young Germans actually 52 university-level degrees,” he says．Only 22 per cent of German students aged 24-34 53 complete their university studies．That’s compared to 31 percent in the UK, and 39 percent in the US, 54 the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development （OECD）．One reason for the decline is that Germany spends barely 1．1 per cent of its gross 55 product （GDP）on higher education, compared to 2．6 percent in the US．“ A central reason why so few Germans56 university degrees here is the deterioration （下降/退化）in the 57 of education．This certainly comes from the rise in the number of students per teacher．Those who have the will and the means often study 58 ,” he said．Since the 1960s, more than 90 percent of German higher education has been publicly supported．Famous universities are still public institutions, 59 by federal and regional governments．Private funding of universities is 60 in Germany．This comes from the country’s lack of a donating tradition and rules limiting the amounts of tax-free donations．But now there signs that 61 may be changing．Professor Dieter Lenzen, president of Berlin’s Free University, agrees that62 money has to be spent on higher education．But he disputes Burda’s claim that German universiti es are in 63 ．“A decade ago that may have been the 64 , but that was a result of the unsteady situation at the time of reunification．Now, things have changed for the better,” Lenzen said．50．A．self B．high C．higher D．language 51．A．loan B．funding C．aid D．finance 52．A．completing B．rewarding C．demanding of D．applying for 53．A．successfully B．scarcely C．fail to D．try to 54．A．thanks to B．due to C．owing to D．according to 55．A．definite B．digital C．dominant D．domestic 56．A．persuade B．pursue C．seek D．refuse 57．A．difficulty B．quantity C．quality D．organization 58．A．here B．abroad C．alone D．at home 59．A．administered B．established C．managed D．financed 60．A．rare B．common C．sufficient D．rejected 61．A．tax B．money C．attitudes D．decision 62．A．less B．more C．no D．enough 63．A．progress B．decline C．need D．development 64．A．evidence B．occasion C．situation D．caseSection BDirections:Read the following passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)The Internet has led to a huge increase in credit-card fraud. Your card information could even be for sale in an illegal Web site.Web sites offering cheap goods and services should beregarded with care. On-line shoppers who enter their credit-card information may never receive the goods they bought.The thieves then go shopping with your card number or sell the information over the Internet.Computers hackers(黑客) have broken down security systems, raising questions about the safety of cardholder information. Several months ago,25 000 customers of CD Universe, an on-line music retailer(批发商),were not lucky. Their names, addresses and credit-card numbers were posted on a Web site after the retailer refused to pay US $157 828 to get back the information.Credit-card firms are now fighting against on-line fraud. Master Card is working on plans for Web-only credit card, with a lower credit limit. The card could be used only for shopping on-line.However, there are a few simple steps you can take to keep from being cheated.Ask about your credit-card firm's on-line rules: Under British law, cardholders are responsible for the first US $78 of any fraudulent spending.And shop only at secure sites: Send your credit-card information only if the Web site offersadvanced secure system.If the security is in place, a letter will appear in the bottom right-hand corner of your screen. The Web site address may also start with https://—the extra “s” stands for secure. If in doubt, giveyour credit-card information over the telephone.Keep your password safe: Most online sites require a user name and password before placingan order. Treat your passwords with care.65. What do most people worry about the Internet according to this passage?A. A lot of stolen credit-cards were sold on the Internet.B. Fraud on the Internet.C. Many Web sites are destroyed.D. Many illegal Web sites are on the Internet.66. What is the meaning of the word “fraud” ?A. cheatingB. saleC. paymentD. safety67. How can the thieves get the information of the credit-card?A. The customers give them the information.B. The thieves steal the information from Web sites.C. The customers sell the information to them.D. Both A and B.68. You are shopping on the site: ,and you want to buy a TV set, what does this article suggest doing?A. Order the TV set at once.B. Do not buy the TV set on this site.C. E-mail the site your credit-card information.D. Tell the site your password and buy the TV set for you.(B)Before we send humans into deep space, we’ll have to find out just how long the human body can survive in a weightless environment. One problem is that in space there’s no physical sensation to let you know when you’re upside down and astronauts have to rely on possible clues from their surroundings. A few hours after reaching orbit(轨道), one in three of all astronauts will experience space sickness—a feeling rather like carsickness. There is also the problem ofprotection from the extreme hazards(危险) of space such as constant meteorite bombardment(陨星轰击) and radiation. It is going to take some clever technology to keep rockets and astronauts from these dangers.Even with a well-protected spaceship, space travel isn’t going to be easy. No matter what you travel in, it is going to be a long flight in space! Science fiction writers often imagine using suspended animation(动画), a kind of forced long-term sleep, as a way for astronauts to escape the boredom of long missions.An even stronger measure might be to freeze the astronauts. We already use cryogenic(低温) techniques to preserve dead bodies and store human embryos(胚胎). Freezing living adults may not be so far away, but perhaps we don’t have to do that. Perhaps we should use our existing technology and send frozen embryos to the far corners of universe.Hundreds of years from now, billions and billions of miles away, the embryos will be thawed(解冻) and their hearts will start beating. These astronauts of the future will not grow inside a mother’s body but will be produced in a machine. They will be brought up by robot. It may seem strange but one day it might just happen.69. We can learn from the passage that _______.A. scientists already use existing technology to store embryos for space flightB. cryogenic techniques will practically be used for space flight in hundreds of yearsC. it may be easier to freeze embryos than to freeze adults on the spaceshipD. most astronauts will suffer from space sickness70. In the future astronauts for extreme long journeys will grow up_____.A. before they go into spaceB. during the space tripC. when they are inside mother’s bodyD. after they return from space71. The passage is mainly about ______.A. the bright future of space flightB. the possibility to train embryo astronautsC. the physical and mental conditions of astronautsD. the problems and the possible solutions to them in long space flights( C )NASDAQ, acronym for the National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotation system, is one of the largest markets in the world for the trading of stocks. The number of companies listed on NASDAQ is more than that on any of the other stock exchange in the United States, including the New York Stock Exchange(NYSE) and the American Stock Exchange (AMSE). The majority of companies listed on NASDAQ are smaller than most of those on the NYSE and AMSX. NASDAQ has become known as the home of new technology companies, particularly computer and computer-related businesses. Trading on NASDAQ is started by stock brokers(经纪人) acting on behalf of their clients. The brokers negotiate with market makers who concentrate on trading specific stocks to reach a price for the stock.Unlike other stock exchange, NASDAQ has no central location where trading takes place. Instead, its market makers are located all over the country and make trades by telephone and via the Internet. Because brokers and market makers trade stocks directly instead of on the floor of a stock exchange, NASDAQ is called an over-the-counter market. The term over-the –counter refers to the direct nature of the trading, as in a store where goods are handed over a counter.Since its inception(开市) in 1971, the NASDAQ Stock Market has been the innovator(创新者). As the world’s first electronic stock market, NASDAQ long ago set a precedent(先例) for technological trading innovation that is unrivaled(无对手的). Now ready to become the world’s first truly global market, the NASDAQ Stock Market is the market of choice for business industry leaders worldwide. By providing an efficient environment for raising capital NASDAQ has helped thousands of companies achieve their desired growth and successfully make the leap into public ownership.72. What is TRUE of NASDAQ?A.It is the largest stock market in the world.B.IT lists only small companies.C.It lists all the new technology companies.D.It lists the biggest number of companies.73. The word” negotiate”(Line 8,Para.1) means ________.A. discussB. argueC. interfereD. cope74. NASDAQ is also known as an over-the –counter market because it seems______.A. a stock marketB. a stock exchangeC. a counterD. a store75. Since its founding in 1971, NASDAQ has contributed to ______.A.raising money for many companiesB.creating an efficient environment for many companiesC.the expected development of many companiesD.the unexpected development of many companiesSection CDirections: Read the following text and choose the most suitable heading from the list A - F for each paragraph. There is one extra heading which you do not need.76. ______________________Current research into the human gene system is helping us understand why people have predispositions（易患某病倾向）to certain diseases. Knowing our genetic makeup can help us to judge whether or not we may be stricken by particular illness, such as cancer. Even before birth, we are able to do genetic screenings to determine what a child's genetic disorder will be. Scientists have already isolated and identified the genes responsible for the more than 4,000 genetic diseases that affect human beings.77. ______________________The implications of this knowledge are astonishing. In addition to predicting genetic predisposition towards diseases, gene therapies may provide new treatments or cures for serious diseases. Millions of people already use genetically engineered drugs to treat heart disease, cancer,AIDS, and strokes（中风）. But with the research that is now being conducted, we may find cures to many more diseases. In the near future, genetic experimentation will also allow parents to select the traits of their children. Genetic traits that determine height, weight, eye and hair color will be able to be controlled, and many parents are excited about this potential.78. ______________________Many people, however, are unwilling to accept the possibilities genetic research.. For example, one reason some women do not use the largest genetic testing for breast cancer is because they are afraid they will be discriminated against. Another problem is that many people do not want to discover their weakness. What if they learn that they have a disease for which there are no medical cures? How will such knowledge affect their lives? Do people really want to know what they will die of?79. ______________________Many people believe that history has not always shown human decision-making to be bright when it comes to ethical（道德的）choices. Jeremy Rifkin is probably the most well known opponent of genetic engineering. He believes that humans are not responsible enough to experiment with genes and should not "play God" He asks, "Just because it can be done, does that mean it should be done?" He points out that our society will eventually look and act the same if parents select the traits of their children, and he questions the desirability of such a society.80. ______________________One of the fears expressed about genetic experimentation involves privacy. Already blood sample taken from patients in hospitals have been used for genetic research without the patients' permission. Most people would agree that one's health and genetic makeup are private concerns. But if insurance companies gain access to this information, it could have a large impact on insurance coverage or costs; if employers gain access to the information, it could have a large impact on hiring or promotion decisions. The possibilities for discrimination are obvious.Section DDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.（No more than 12 words）A long-awaited final report from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) concludes that foods from healthy cloned animals and their offspring are as safe as those from ordinary animals, effectively removing the last US regulatory barrier to the marketing of meat and milk from cloned cattle, pigs and goats.The 968-page "final risk assessment," not yet released but obtained by The Washington Post, finds no evidence to support people’s concerns that food from clones may have hidden risk s. But, recognizing that a majority of consumers are wary of（谨慎的）food from clones—and that cloning could damage the good image of American milk and meat—the report includes hundreds of pages of raw data so that others can see how it came to its conclusions.The report also acknowledges that human health concerns are not the only subject raised by the coming-out of cloned farm animals.“Moral, religious and ethical concerns have been raised,” the agency notes in a document accompanying the report. But the report is “exactly a science-based assessment.” It reports, because the agency is not authorized by law to consider those issues.In practice, it will be years before foods from clones make their way to store shelves in large quantities, in part because the clones themselves are too valuable to kill or milk. Instead, the expensive animals’replicas(复制品) of some of the finest farm animals ever born — will be used firstly as breeding stock to create what supporters say will be a new generation of superior farm animals.When food from those animals hits the market, the public may yet have its say. FDA officials have said they do not expect to require food from clones to be labeled as such, but they may allow foods from ordinary animals to be labeled as not from clones.81. What conclusion has FDA drawn after the public waited for a long time?82. Foods from clones won’t be available soon partly because _________________.83. With the appearance of cloned farm animals, people care more about _________________ problems.84. How will foods from ordinary animals be labeled?第II卷I. Translation (20%)Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1.一部吸引观众的电影从一开头就能调起他们的兴趣。

上海市各区2016-2017年高三英语一模汇编----六选四--老师版(已经校对)

Do you have a hobby that helps you relax and unwind? For some people, there is no better way to relieve pressure than spending time in the garden. This small private area of green space can be their place of calm.__67__. A survey conducted by the Royal Horticultural Society, found that 82% of people in the UK said that gardening makes them happier. It also found that 70% of them, given the choice, would prefer to spend their working day in the garden with just 9% opting for an office.For those with green fingers, the pleasure of gardening comes from getting out in the fresh air, in all weathers and communing with nature -- even if there are a few too many worms! It can also be seen as a sort of digital-detox -- time away from technology. __68__.Dr Christopher Lowry, a neuroscientist at the University of Colorado, injected a bacterium commonly found in soil into mice to see what affection this would have on them. __69__. When we dig in soil we absorb this bacterium through our lungs or cuts in our skin, so Dr Lowry concluded that since the mice seemed happier when treated with soil bacteria, it’s likely we would be, too.__70__. There’s evidence that recovering alcoholics who have been given the opportunity to plant, grow, and even sell their produce, have managed to stop their addictive habits. Scot Stephenson, for example, got dismissed from school and started a vocational qualification in gardening. He says, “I got my NVQ level 2 which is my first qualification and enjoyed it ever since.”Whatever the reason, there are many therapeutic benefits to getting your hands dirty, doing some physical hard work and then watching your garden grow. Does this sound like your idea of fun?67-70: DFACWould You B ully(欺负) a Driverless Car or Show It Respect?Say you’re driving down a two-way street and there’s a truck unloading a delivery in the opposite lane. The oncoming traffic needs to pull out into your lane to overtake.What do you do?___67___ Eventually one of us feels charitable and slows down to allow the oncoming car to overtake and give permission with a quick flash of headlights or a wave of the hand.But what if the car waiting patiently behind the parked truck is a driverless or autonomous vehicle (AV)? Will this robot car be able to understand what you mean when you flash your lights or wave your hands?Its sensors could decide that it’s only safe to overtake when there’s no oncoming traffic at all. On a busy road at school home time, this may be never, leading to increasingly angry drivers queuing behind. ___68___ This is one of the conclusions to be drawn from research carried out by Dr Chris Tennant of the psychological and behavioural science department at the London School of Economics.His Europe-wide survey finds that nearly two-thirds of drivers think machines won’t have enough common sense to interact with human drivers, and more than two-fifths think a robot car would remain stuck behind ourassumedparked truck for a long time.Driving isn’t just about technology and engineering, it’s about human interactions and psychology. The road is a social space. ___69___ “If you view the road as a social space, you willconsciously negotiate your journey with other drivers. People who like that negotiation process appear to feel less comfortabl e engaging with AVs than with human drivers,” says Mr Tennant in his report.___70___ A statistic often trotted out(动不动就搬出) is that human error is responsible for more than 90% of accidents, with our tendency to road anger, tiredness and lack of concentration. 67-70 AFBETen years ago, after 2 years as a postdoc (博士后), I found myself wondering whether I should take a different road. Up to that point, I had stuck to a pretty traditional path investigating cancer genetics, but I was losing interest in the research. At the same time, federal funding had flattened, which added to my dissatisfaction. ___67___ Then came the hard part: identifying a new career that would nurture my passion for science and allow me to make an impact with my work.As I was considering my options, I found inspiration in my first graduate school research tutor, whose work r eminded me that scientists’ efforts away from the bench can be incredibly powerful. But I still didn’t know exactly what I should do. ___68___ A colleague mentioned that a professor at a nearby 2-year college was training students to produce monoclonal antibodies for labs on campus. I was impressed that the professor had taken on this type of ambitious project with relatively inexperienced students. Curious to find out more, I set up a meeting with John and was struck by his sincerity and the way he prioritized student training above grants, publications, and personal ambition. I could also see his passion for teaching, which reminded me of the dreamto become a high school biology teacher.__69___ I found a faculty position and joined John at the same quiet junior college. Now, I effectively hold two positions: classroom instructor and research co-adviser of 15 inexperienced but eager undergraduates. Both roles give me a chance to help students transform themselves, which is enormously rewarding.___70___ It’s discouraging when others see both my students and me as less worthy because we are not at universities. We sometimes struggle to get access to federal funding, scientific conferences, and other resources and opportunities. My pay is below the standard at 4-year research institutions, even though my teaching workload is greater. But my occasional frustration is relieved by the thought of the students, who I have helped train.Looking back at these 10 years, I realize how much my work on this campus has helped me grow, both as an academic and a tutor. I’m grateful that I stepped away from a traditional career path and found a way to serve both the student and research communities in my own way, modest though it may be.67—70 EBFAZoos have existed since ancient times and were features of the great courts of Egypt and China. The display of unusual animals form foreign countries was, for a long time, a show of wealth and power. Today, zoos focus on the preservation of animals species and the education ofthe public. __67___Some animals are distinctly unsuited for life in a zoo, however noble the aims of the organization. Keeping elephant in captivity (囚禁) has long caused argument among animals rights activists. Elephant in the wild wander constantly, covering a wide territory on a daily basis. In captivity, they have no choice but to stand still for long periods of time. ___68____. Yet elephants are a threatened species in their native environments and are heavily caught for ivory(象牙)，leather and meat illegally. To protect the species form the wild due to injury or abandonment.___69___. The chances are, if a zoo has nothing but cement floors and metal enclosures, the animals will not do as well. Many famous zoos now construct enclosures allowing animals freedom of movement and native vegetation. Some zoos have even begun housing species of animals together that normally interact in the wild, such as certain types of monkeys.Zoos are not a perfect solution for preservation.____70___. They are undeniably helpful in repopulating declining animal species and encouraging a preservationist outlook, but they are unquestionably primary in their treatment of some animals. Hopefully, animal activists and zoo advocates will continue to work together, finding ways to create the best environment for captive animals in breeding and repopulation efforts.67-70 CEDAA few years ago, a Finnish app took the mobile gaming world by storm. Its set-up was simpleand its idea illogical: Angry Birds was little more than a shooting game, with birds instead of bullets and green pigs in place of targets. 67 Shortly after Angry Birds took off, audiences found a new distraction in Fruit Ninja, a game where the object was to chop falling produce. Then there was Candy Crush, where players could save a candy kingdom by matching like-colored bonbons.68 That was their charm, after all: They were knowingly ridiculous or illogical, an attack into mindless amusement. In games like Angry Birds, players found an escape from reality. All they had to do is resign themselves to the logic of the game, a world of simple cause-and-effect: Slingshot a bird, kill a pig, score points.Fast forward to 2016, and there's now an Angry Birds movie, here to fill you in on all the details you never wished to know. The birds have been given personalities, motives and back-stories, and so have the evil green pigs. Meanwhile, the game's nonsense had to be made sense of due to a necessary plot for a movie. Logic replaced illogic. Angry Birds is not alone in having its gray areas sketched in for the big screen. Hollywood has made an industry of answering the questions no one ever thought to ask; to the point of even giving a brand of toy blocks its own story in 2014’s The Lego Movie. Countless secondary characters have also been pulled from the sidelines and given their own opportunities to show on the screen. That includes the forgetful blue fish Dory from 2003’s Finding Nemo. 69 Viewers no longer have the luxury of imagining back-stories for their favorite characters, or debating the open-ended questions in a film’s source materials: An endless flow of prequels(前传), sequels(续传) and spin-offs(衍生产品) fill in those blanks for them.70 They'll know. Everything will be determined for them: According to the movie, the main bird Red gets picked on for his bushy eyebrows, and that leaves him feeling isolated and, well, angry. In some ways, Hollywood has taken on the role of fan fiction writers, by expanding and exploring every corner of its fictional universes. But when these universes expand too widely, what will be left to imagine?67-70：CE FAIn so many ways, cyberspace(网络空间) mirrors the real world. People ask for information, play games, and share hobby tips. Others buy and sell products. Still others look for friendship, or even love.Unlike the real world, however, your knowledge about a person is limited to words on a computer screen. Identity and appearance mean very little in cyberspace. ____67____ So even the shyest person can become a chat-room star.Usually, this "faceless" communication doesn't create problems. Identity doesn't really matter when you’re in a chat room discussing politics or hobbies. In fact, this emphasis on the idea themselves makes the Internet a great place for exciting conversation. Where else can so many people come together to chat about their interests?____68____ They are looking for serious love relationships. Is cyberspace a good place to find love? That answer depends on whom you ask. Some of these relationships actually succeed. Others fail miserably.Supporters of online relationships claim that the Internet allows couples to get to know each other intellectually first. Personal appearance doesn't get in the way.But critics of online relationships argue that no one can truly know another person in cyberspace. Why? Because the Internet gives users a lot of control over how others view them. Internet users can carefully craft their words to fit whatever image they want to give. And they don't have to worry about what their “faceless” communication is doing for their image. ____69____All of this may be fine if the relationship stays in cyberspace. But not knowing a person is a big problem in a love relationship. ____70____ This inevitably leads to disappointment when couples meet in person. How someone imagines an online friend is often quite different from thereal person.So, before looking for love in cyberspace, remember the advice of Internet pioneer Clifford Stoll: "Life in the real world is far richer than anything you'll find on a computer screen67-70 BFACNo matter how early she went to bed, Maggie couldn't fall asleep until the early hours. Though constantly exhausted, Maggie got good grades in school, but she often got in trouble for napping during her morning classes.After graduating from college, Maggie realized her dream of becoming a teacher. However, waking up for her 8:30 a.m. classes turned her into a zombie (无生气的人) , and she lost her job because she lacked enthusiasm.Maggie isn’t lazy. She suffers from delayed sleep phase syndrome (DSPS，睡眠相位后移症候群)----a disorder that affects one in 750 adults that causes them to be somewhat nocturnal （夜间活动的）. DSPS is often confused with insomnia(失眠），perhaps because sufferers seem tired duringthe day. However, the two disorders are very different. Insomniacs have trouble with the process offalling asleep.67They just can’t fall asleep early even if they want to.Essentially, DSPS means a person's internal clock is set differently. ____ 68 _______ A s aresult,they're out of sync(同步）with the rest of society. People with DSPS struggle to keep their eyes open during morning meetings because their bodies are convinced it*s the middle of the night. They seem less efficient and creative at the office, and make more workplace accidents. DSPS also damages their health, causing depression, anxiety, heart disease and many other illnesses due to sleep deprivation.______69_______ . Fortunately, that’s not the case. Flexible work schedules are already verycommon. Traditionally, managers tend to think more people in the office equals more output, but new research shows that people who work flexible hours are more productive and more likely to stay with their company because they are happier and healthier. Thanks to these findings, many European countries have passed laws giving every worker the right to apply for a flexible work arrangement. According to Cary Cooper, a psychologist at Lancaster University, most U.K. employees will be working half from home in five years.This is great news not just for DSPS sufferers but also for their companies. 70 Consequently, they will be able to save a large sum of money.KEYS: FACDHow to Keep Your Digital Memorials Safe?Do you value your digital stuff? Nearly everyone is creating things with computers, and some do it without any concern for its value. Others recognize its current value, but think little about what it could mean to them in the future, and either aren't aware or don't think that all of it could bedestroyed tomorrow. But hard drives die all the time, and the online services into which people sink their time close with alarming regularity, taking the work of millions of people withit._________67____________.Steps1.Prepare to make a quick backup. If nothing else, get a cheap USB stick anddrag-and-drop your documents folder onto it. Worry about the other things later.You should do more than this, but it's most important to take the most valuable,irreplaceable information from your hard drive and put it on a second medium to guardagainst hard drive failure, theft or loss.2.Decide what you value. Some questions to ask yourself are:How replaceable is this data?How good are you at assessing the value of items? _______68__________. For things likebusiness accounts and documents, the answer is of course you would. This kind of thingshould be your first priority.3.Start making backups.__________69__________Diminishing returns(效益递减) apply in backups as they do with everything else. The cheapest and simplest backup methods take care of an overwhelming majority of likely loss-of-stuff. Over-complicating your backup strategy is the biggest trap: the more complicated and expensive you insist on making it, the less likely you are to do it.4.____________70______________If one of your backup drives fails, replace it immediately. Remember that all storage devices eventually become obsolete (陈旧的). If you have valuable files on obsolete media, those files become increasingly difficult to access with every passing year. So in order to keep your files accessible, remember to migrate your collection to new storage media periodically.67-70 FDEATutoring a New NormalIt’s not piano lessons or dance lessons. Nowadays, the biggest extra-curricular activity in the West is going to a tutor. “I spend about 800 Canadian dollars a month on tutors. It’s costly,” says Pet, a mother in Canada. However, she adds, “after finding out half my daughter’s class had tutors, I felt like my child was going to fall behind because everyone else seemed to be ahead.Shelley, a mother of three, also has tutors constantly coming in and out of her home. “When I used to sit down with my children, it was hard to get them focused. I was always shouting. When I got a tutor once a week, they became focused for one entire hour and could get most of their homework done.”Tutoring isn’t simply a private school phenomenon. 67________ In Cana da alone, seven percent of high school students reported using a tutor in 2010. That increased to 15 percent last year.Overall, parents hire tutors because they are worried schools are not meeting their expectations, but there is also a cultural shift. 68 ________As a large number of Asians emigrated to the West over the recent years, their attitudes towards education have had an impact.69________ “A lot of parents just don’t have time to help their children with homework,” says Julie Diamond, presi dent of an American tutoring company. “Others couldn’t help their children after Grade 3.”There has been a shift in the attitudes, too. “Children used to get bullied(欺侮）for having a tutor,” Diamond says. “Now it’s becoming the norm to have one.”70 ________One parent feels surprised that so many of her child’s classmates have tutors. “For the amount we pay in tuition, they should have as much extra help as they need，” she says. Still, she’s now thinking of getting a tutor. Why? Her daughter has actua lly asked for one.FADBIn 2009, the number of hungry people in the world reached one billion for the first time. It's difficult not to be shocked by the fact that more than one in seven people in the world do not have enough to eat. __67__ Hunger kills more people per year than diseases such as AIDS, malaria (症疾）and TB(肺结核）combined.The UN estimates that almost two thirds of the world's hungry people are in Asia, which is of course the world's most populous continent. __68__ Although this region has a much lower population than Asia, it has the highest percentage of hungry people. Almost all of the rest are in Latin America, North Africa and the Caribbean. In the richest regions of the world there are only a tiny number of people who don't have enough to eat.__69__ They include wars, droughts, floods, and the over-use of farming land. All these factors affect food production. Many people also blame greedy businessmen for pushing up the prices of basic foods in the global market. But the most important reason, quite simply, is poverty, which has increased recently due to the financial crisis of 2008.Although many people make the obvious point that there would be less hunger if the global population were smaller, few people would argue that there is not enough food to go around. The basic problem seems to be not a lack of food, but its distribution. In the last 50 years, global food production has risen even more quickly than the global population. There are many areas of the world in which people generally have more than enough food. __70__ The answer to world hunger,therefore, may be a balanced food distribution around the whole world. Everyone will have enough to eat, but not overeat.67-70 FABDFor centuries, people have wondered about the strange things that they dream about. Some psychologists say that this nighttime activity of the mind has no special meaning. Others, however, think that dreams are an important part of our lives. In fact, many experts believe that dreams can tell us about a person's mind and emotions.Before modern times, many people thought that dreams contained messages from God. It was only in the twentieth century that people started to study dreams in a scientific way.The Austrian psychologist, Sigmund Freud, was probably the first person to study dreams scientifically. In his famous book, The interpretation of Dreams (1900), Freud wrote that dreams are an expression of a person's wishes. He believed that (67) ___________The Swiss psychiatrist Carl Jung was once a student of Freud's. Jung, however, had a different idea about dreams. Jung believed that the purpose of a dream was to communicate a message to the dreamer. (68) ___________ For example, people who dream about falling may learn that they have too high an opinion of themselves. On the other hand, people who dream about being heroes may learn that they think too little of themselves.Modern-day psychologists continue to develop theories about dreams. For example, psychologist William Domhoff from the University of California, Santa Cruz, believes that dreams are tightly linked to a person's daily life, thoughts, and behavior. (69) ___________Domhoff believes that there is a connection between dreams and age. His research shows that children do not dream as much as adults. According to Domhoff, dreaming is a mental skill that needs time to develop.He has also found a link between dreams and gender. His studies show that the dreams of men and women are different. For example, the people in men's dreams are often other men, and the dreams often involve fighting. This is not true of women's dreams. Domhoff found this gender difference in the dreams of people from 11 cultures around the world, including both modern and traditional ones.Can dreams help us understand ourselves? Psychologists continue to try to answer this question in different ways. (70) ___________ The dream may have meaning, but it does not mean that some terrible event will actually take place. It's important to remember that the world of dreams is not the real world.67-70 EFCDIt is found that American students spend less than 15% of their time in school. 67 _____. A study published earlier this month by researchers at North Carolina State University, for example, finds that parental involvement -- checking homework, attending school meetings and events, discussing school activities at home -- has a more powerful influence on students, academic performance than anything about the school the students attend. Another study, published in the Review of Economics and Statistics, reports that the effort put forth by parents reading stories aloud, is devoted by either teachers or the students themselves. And a third study concludes that schools would have to increase their spending by more than $1,000 per pupil in order to achieve the same results that are gained with parental involvement.68 ______. But it is also revealed in researches that parents, of all backgrounds, don’t need to buy expensive educational toys or digital devices for their kids in order to give them an advantage. They don’t need to drive their offspring to enrichment classes or test-preparation courses. What they need to do with their children is much simpler: talk.But not just any talk. 69 _______. For example, a study conducted by researchers at the UCLA School of Public Health and published in the journal Pediatrics founds that two-way adult-child conversations were six times as powerful in promoting language development as the ones in which the adult did all the talking. Engaging in this reciprocal (双向的) back-and-forth gives children a chance to try out language for themselves, and also gives them the sense that their thought and opinions matter.The content of parents’ conversations with kids matters, too. Children who hear tal k about counting and numbers at home start school with much more extensive mathematical knowledge, report researchers from the University of Chicago. While the conversations parents have with their children change as kids grow older, the effect of these exchanges on academic achievement remains strong. Research finds that parents play an important role in what is called “academicsocialization” -- setting expectations and making connections between current behavior and future goals. 70 _______.67----70 DACBWhere do you think the world's happiest people live? Somewhere hot with sandy beaches? A country with a tradition of the fine food and culture? Not according to a recent study by the university of Leicester. Who are the happiest people on Earth? 67 Surprised? Well you’ll be more surprised when you hear that the Danes pay some some of the highest taxes in the world. So what is the secret of their success?Let's start with all that tax they pay. The Danish government provides its people with one of the finest education and health systems in the world. It spends more on children and elderly people per capital than other country.And there's another advantage to those high taxes. Because a shop assistant's final salary is not that much less than someone who works in a bank, for example, Danes don't choose their careers based on money or status as people in other countries do. They choose the job they want to do. There's a philosophy in Denmark known as "Jante-love", which translates as "you're no better than anybody else." ___68___ But workers in otherr countries are not used to looking at life in this way.Money doesn't seem as important in Denmark. It has been called a "post consumerist" society. ___69___ What is more important is the sense of society and it's no surprise that Danes are very used to socializing. 92% of Danes belong to some kind of social club and these clubs are evenpaid for by the government.___70___ They also show an amazing amount of trust in each other and their government. You can see sighs of this all over the country. You'll find vegetable stalls with no assistant. You take what you want and leave the money in a basket. Perhaps the bike is a good symbol for Denmark. The Danes can afford cars but they choose bikes---simple, economical, non-polluting machines that show no status and help keep people fit.67----70 EBFCWhy should mankind explore space? Perhaps the best answer lies in our genetic makeup as human beings. What prompted our distant ancestors to move from the trees into the plains, and on into all possible areas and environments? _____67_____. The wider the distribution of a species, the better its chance of survival.Exploration also allows minerals and other potential resources to be located. Additional resources are always beneficial when used wisely, and can increase our chances of survival. Knowledge or techniques acquired through exploration, or preparing to explore, filter from the developers into society at large. _____68_____. Also, we have already benefited from other by-products, including improvements in earthquake prediction —which has saved many lives —in satellites used for weather forecasting and in communications systems. Even non-stick saucepans and mirrored sunglasses are by-products of technological developments in the spaceindustry!_____69_____. The chances of a large comet (彗星) hitting the Earth are small, but it could happen in time. Such strikes in the past may account for the extinction of dinosaurs and other species. Human technology is reaching the point where it might be able to detect the possibility of this happening, and enable us to minimize the damage, or prevent it completely, allowing us as a species to avoid extinction.In certain circumstances, life on Earth may become impossible: over-population or wide spread diseases, for instance, might eventually force us to find other places to live. While the earth is the only planet known to sustain life, surely the adaptive ability of humans would allow us to inhabit other planets and moons. It is true that the lifestyle would be different, but human life and cultures have adapted in the past and surely could in the future. _____70_____.. keys:67-70 DAFB。

2017年上海高考英语一模各区完形填空汇总

Anxiety disorders –defined by extreme fear, restlessness, and muscle tension –are carefully considering, disabling, and can increase the risk for___1___and self-murder. They are some of the most common mental health conditions around the world, ___2___ around four out of every 100 people and costing the health care system and job employers over US$42 billion each year.People with anxiety are more likely to miss days from work and are less___3___. Young people with anxiety are also less likely to enter school and complete it –leading to fewer life ___4___. Even though this evidence points to anxiety disorders as being important mental health issues, insufficient ___5___is being given to them by researchers, clinicians, and policy makers.My team and I at the University of Cambridge wanted to find out who is most affected by anxiety disorders.To do this, we conducted a systematic ___6___of studies that reported on the proportion of people with anxiety in a variety of contexts around the world, and used accurate methods to keep the highest quality studies.Our results showed women are almost twice as likely to ___7___ anxiety as men, and people living in Europe and North America are disproportionately affected.So why are women more ___8___?It could be because of differences in brain chemistry and hormone(荷尔蒙) variations. Reproductive across a woman’s life are ___9___ with hormonal changes, which have been linked to anxiety. The rise in oestrogen (雌激素) that occurs during pregnancy can ___10___the risk for uncontrollable disorder.This is ___11___by disturbing and repetitive thoughts, impulses and addictions that are upsetting and less effective. But in addition to biological mechanisms, women and men seem to experience and react to events in their life ___12___. Women tend to be more likely to stress, which can increase their anxiety. Also, when faced with stressful situations, women and men tend to use different coping ___13___. Women faced with life stressors are more likely to think about them seriously, which can increase their anxiety,___14___men engage more in active, problem-focused coping.Other studies suggest that women are more likely to ___15___physical and mental mistreatment than men, and this behavior has been linked to the development of anxiety disorders.1. A. symptom B. depression C. misery D. frightening2.A, infecting B. stimulating C. capturing D. affecting3. A. productive B. progressive C. positive D. passive4. A. adventures B. insurances C. chances D. programs5. A. conclusion B. attention C. solution D. contribution6. A. ignorance B. outlook C. discovery D. review7. A. suffer from B. deal with C. fight against D. result from8. A. superior B. inferior C. probable D. enormous9. A. characterized B. confused C. performed D. offended10.A. equally B. similarly C. differently D. terribly11.A. shortcuts B. strategies C. standards D. samples12.A. because B. unless C. if D. while13.A. experience B. respond C. ignore D. persist14.A. because B. unless C. if D. while15.A. experience B. respond C. ignore D. persistDirections MatterMultitaskingWhat is the first thing you notice when you walk into a shop? The products 41 at the entrance? Or the soft background music?But have you ever noticed the smell? Unless it is bad, the answer is likely to be no. But while a shop's scent may not be outstanding 42 sights and sounds, it is certainly there. And it is providing to be an increasing powerful tool in encouraging people to 43 .A brand store has become famous for its distinctive scent which floats through the fairly dark hall and out to the entrance, via scent machines. A smell may be 44 but it may not just be used for freshening air. One sports goods company once reported that when it first introduced scent into its stores, customers’45 to purchase increased by 80 percent.When it comes to the best shopping streets in Pairs, scent is just as important to a brands 46 as the quality of its window displays and goods on sales. That is mainly because shopping is a very 47_____ experience to what it used to be.Some years ago, the ___48_____for brand name shopping was on a few people with sales assistants’____49___ attitude and don’t-touch-what-you-can’t-afford displays. Now the 50 of electronic commerce (e-commerce) has opened up famous brands to a wider audience. Bui while e-shops can use sights and sounds, only bricks-and-mortar stores (实体店）can offer a full experience from the minute customers 51 through the door to the moment they leave. Another brand store seeks to be much more than a shop, but rather a(n) 52_________. And scent is just one way to53______ this.Now a famous store uses complex man-made smell to make sure that the soft scent of baby powder 54_______ through the kid department, and coconut scent in the swimsuit section. A department store has even opened a new lab, inviting customers on a journey into the store’s windows to smell books, pots and drawers, 55________their perfect scent.41. A. engaged B. delivered C. displayed D. located42. A. connected with B. compared with C. combined with D. came up with43. A. purchase B. wander C. appreciate D. identify44. A. instructive B. attractive C. expensive D. informative45. A. expression B. demand C. intention D. attention46. A. profession B. project C. relation D. success47. A. different B. elegant C. inevitable D. generous48. A. focus B. account C. check D. schedule49. A. determined B. careless C. objective D. disapproving50. A. view B. rise C. trade D. effect51. A. step B. Inspect C. strive D. proceed52. A. occasion B. moment C. destination D. department53. A. apply B. achieve C. mention D. observe54. A. appears B. inputs C. chases D. floats55. A. in terms of B. in the form of C. in search of D. in common withA Cashless SocietyThere is nothing worse than feeling around in your pocket trying to find some small change to pay for a newspaper or a coffee. So it’s good to know that new __41__ is making cash -- banknotes and coins -- a thing of the past, turning us into a cashless society.Today, many of us already use credit and debit cards for __42__ transactions (交易) so there’s no need to carry around huge amounts of money. And now it’s __43__ to make contactless payments using tap-and-go cards which are regular bankcards but with a built-in chip. The card reader __44__ a radio signal and, when you bring the card close to the reader, the chip picks up the signal to make the payment.__45__money this way or spending on “plastic” -- an informal name for a credit card -- can put you at risk of fraud (诈骗). Criminals try to steal cards, or the information on them, to make __46__ online or in shops, which, as a result, adds too much difficulty to the police’s detective work. __47__, contactless payment is capped -- in the UK the limit is £30. And, if someone does go on a crazy spending with your card, your bank covers you against the loss. Also, the __48__ of chip and PIN technology has even been helping businesses by cutting the time people spend at the cashier’s in shops and has led to a(n) __49__ in fraud.But, if getting your bankcard out seems like too much trouble, there’s now a __50__ using wearable technology -- something you can wear that include computer and electronic technologies. Kenneth Cukier, economist and technology expert, says “this is __51__ for people who don’t want to take their card out of their wallet, or use their phone, or use their watch. People are going to be making more purchases more of the time -- __52__ for small-valued goods.”And, although our mobile phones are another way of making payments, BBC reporter Kate Russell says that when this is __53__ you can use the fingo-pay (指纹支付) system which “reads the unique maps of veins under the surface of your finger.” The trick is remembering which finger you __54__ with in the bank -- that’s whe n good old-fashioned cash might save the day! What do you __55__ to use when you buy something?41. A. experiment B. evidence C. technology D. analysis42. A. financial B. equal C. economical D. moderate43. A. definite B. possible C. formal D. legal44. A. work out B. makes out C. gives out D. sends out45. A. Refunding B. Depositing C. Paying D. Withdrawing46. A. bargains B. purchases C. preparations D. troubles47. A. Similarly B. Meanwhile C. Furthermore D. However48. A. introduction B. contact C. cooperation D. extension49. A. rise B. drop C. change D. increase50. A. question B. reason C. concept D. solution51. A. reserved B. provided C. intended D. chosen52. A. particularly B. specially C. simply D. purposefully53. A. inexact B. unnecessary C. impractical D. inconvenient54. A. cancelled B. registered C. tested D. restricted55. A. attempt B. demand C. prefer D. aimAnimal RightsEvery conscious being has interests that should be respected. No being who is conscious of being alive should be devalued to thinghood, dominated, and used as a resource or ___41___. The key point of the idea known as animal rights is a movement to extend moral consideration to all ___42___ beings. Nobody should have to demonstrate a specific level of intelligence or be judged beautiful to be given moral consideration. No being should have to be useful to humanity or capable of accepting “duties”in order to be extended moral consideration. ___43___, what other animals need from us is being free from duties to us.Animal rights is about letting animals live on their own terms. It can be written into our laws, but is not an actual list or bill of rights as we have for human society. It begins with our promises not to act like ___44___ of others. Animal rights is about justice ─treating animals fairly.Why is animal rights ___45 ___? It is because we humans often act as though we are the only beings on the planet.Although we depend on other animals for our very survival, humans are the only animals that have upset the balance of nature. There are lots of ways that humans ___46___ animals. We domesticate them and use them for food, even though our nutritional needs can be completely supplied by a(n) ___47___ diet. Although other materials are available, we use animal’s skin and other body parts for clothing, furs, hats, boots, jewellery and even pet toys. Humans can talk about it but animals cannot. All animals wish to experience life in its fullness. Unlike many animals who have to kill to survive, humans do not.Why should humans cause ___48___ to other beings when it’s not necessary?As we do, animals protect their children; they feel fear; they warn each other of dangers; they play. We might differ from other animals in some ways, but that doesn’t give us the right to ___49___ them down, take their lands, pollute their waters, or use them for our conveniences. Animals also experience pain and it’s not difficult to observe __50__ of pain in the way a conscious being reacts to it. We take advantage, cause distress, and act __51__ when we use animals for amusement. Lots of pets are ___52_ on the streets when their owners no longer find it convenient or affordable to keep or care for them.Whether we admit it or not, it’s a prejudice to think we are ___53___ to animals and that it is our right to control them, which can only make people act mean, hateful or neglectful. However, each of us has within us the power to ___54___. We can adopt a different attitude, one that reshape our destiny. This will have wonderful effects on the planet’s other communities, for life is ___55___ avoiding suffering. It is interacting, singing, pursuing joy. We humans can learn to live responsibly, with respect, kindness and love.41. A. companies B. goods C. insects D. providers42. A. active B. conscious C. intelligent D. strange43. A. Indeed B. Moreover C. Nevertheless D. Otherwise44. A. followers B. friends C. masters D. tutors45. A. necessary B. neglected C. respected D. revolutionary46. A. distinguish B. eliminate C. exploit D. raise47. A. animal-free B. eco-friendly C. low-salt D. well-balanced48. A. conflict B. confusion C. isolation D. misery49. A. calm B. chase C. pull D. tear50. A. signs B. symbols C. symptoms D. performances51. A. differently B. enthusiastically C. gently D. unfairly52. A. abandoned B. chosen C. oppressed D. spoiled53. A. accessible B. appealing C. reasonable D. superior54. A. change B. dominate C. persist D. proceed55. A. contrary to B. more than C. owing to D. rather thanA new idea called …business at the speed of thought‟ is quite popular in business world. It makes quick marketing progress, but it also presents a 41______ way to run a c ompany. Here‟re the main 42________ : The businesses today that will succeed are those able to jump around in high spirits. Chances must be seized immediately and decisions made quickly. Everyone needs more immediate answers, and the window of expected 43 to any questions has dropped from weeks to days even to hours.The problem with this way of thinking is that too often such quickness comes at the expense of 44_____ understanding the details of a situation. Sure, the networked society allows us to gather information within a short time, but does it really 45_____ up our ability to make better decisions? How do you balance the 46______ for speed with sharp and correct thinking? That5s the 47______ on the minds of a lot of people these days, including Future Shock author, Alvin Toffler, who studies the idea in our cover story. It‟s also a ___48___ of a new study by Kepner Tregoe. It reports that 77 percent of managers believe that during the past three years the number of decisions they made each workday has increased. But 85 percent of those same people say the time given to making those decisions has either ____49__ or stayed the same. Result: Speed kills. Different opinions are not shared. Other choices are 50______ too easily. Aims never seem to be clear.____51____ , good records aren‟t kept about how successful decisions are made. If your company really does well, the Kepner report suggests ___52___ the decision-making process and figuring out what you did right. Study your successes, as well as your failures.Fast decision-making is a necessity sometimes-no question about that. But decisions are only as good as the 53____ go into them. By that measure, many of today‟s decisions are weak and could 54_____ some companies at the knees. Business may be keeping the quickness of _55_____ ,butit‟s going to be torn to pieces if managers are not thinking with great care and patience.41. A. numerous B. clear C. dangerous D. bright42. A. points B. matters C. solution D. barriers43. A. response B. rejection C. acceptance D. methods44. A. rapidly B. properly C. timely D. widely45. A. arouse B. cultivate C. decline D. speed46. A. technique B. thirst C. passion D. need47. A. idea B. thought C. doubt D. puzzle48. A. subject B. aim C. project D. discovery49. A. decreased B. changed C. increased D. lengthened50. A. made B. accepted C. dismissed D. discussed51. A. Otherwise B. On the contrary C. For example D. Therefore52. A. setting aside B. breaking out C. turning out D. taking apart53. A. questions B. thoughts C. eyes D. brains54. A. cut up B. cut off C. turn down D. turn off55. A. expanding B. running C. thought D. explorationThe two most common organizational patterns of the family are the nuclear family and the extended family. To a large extent, these patterns 41.________ a society's primary subsistence (存在) strategy.American social scientists have generally agreed that families everywhere fulfill four crucial social 42.________ : (a) reproduction of new members, (b) child care, (c) socialization of children to values, traditions, and norms of the society, and (d) intimacy and support for members. Although we can define the family 43.________ its functions, the emphasis given to each of them varies widely both geographically and 44.________ . For example, in nineteenth-century America, people married mainly to have children. Today, emotional support among family members has now become the dominant function of the family, and the family has become an economic unit for consumption rather than for 45.________.In recent years, social scientists have discovered important 46.________in family types, such as the single-parent family and the nuclear family fixed within a network of kin（亲戚）. American families also 47.________ according to social class. A couple's social class affects the number of children they will decide to have, if any, and also the likelihood of 48.________to the family because of illness, death, or divorce. Social class also influences the amount of stress a marriage is likely to undergo and the way parents raise their children.49.________, the extent to which American families now differ by 50.________appears to be much less than it was fifty years ago.The American family has been 51.________ in a number of ways over the past few decades. Many people are marrying later, having children later, and having fewer children or none at all. These social changes have 52.________ diverse household patterns, including single-person households and childless couples. Role changes are also occurring as both partners pursue 53.________ and share family responsibilities.Many innovative family arrangements are attempts to enhance the commitment of marriage while increasing individual freedom and fulfillment. In this way, families are 54________ such broad social trends as delayed marriage, greater participation of women in the job market, and a rising rate of divorce. Undoubtedly, the American family will continue to be subjected to such pressures, but how 55.________ will these future adaptations be?41. A. reflect B. change C. confirm D. replace42. A. performances B. activities C. relations D. functions43. A. with regard to B. in terms of C.in combination with D. for the purpose of44. A. racially B. financially C. historically D. spiritually45. A. inhabitation B. competition C. connection D. production46. A. variations B. units C. arrangements D. characteristics47. A. develop B. extend C. differ D. evolve48. A. contribution B. destruction C. combination D. application49. A. Therefore B. Also C. Contrarily D. However50. A. family size B. work pressure C. economic status D. social class51. A. expanding B. divided C. valued D. changing52. A. focus on B. resulted in C. appealed to D. called for53. A. trends B. study C. careers D. goals54. A. adapting to B. dealing with C. worrying about D. getting rid of55. A. sociable B. available C. extensive D. natural8，闵行区Celebrities, in other word, famous people, have become one of the most important representatives of popular culture. Fans used to be crazy about a specific film, but now the public tends to base its consumption on the interest of celebrity attached to a specific ____41____. Besides, fashion magazines have almost ____42____ the practice of putting models on the cover because they don't sell nearly as well as famous faces. ____43____, celebrities have realized their unbelievably powerful market potential, moving from advertising for others’ products to developing their own.Celebrity clothing lines aren't a completely new phenomenon, but in the past they were typically aimed at the ____44____ consumers, while today they’re started by first-class stars whose products enjoy equal fame with some world top ____45____. The most successful start-ups have been those by celebrities with specific personal style. As celebrities become more and more experienced at the market, they expand their production scale ____46____, covering almost all the products of daily life.However, for every success story, there’s a related warning tale of a celebrity who ____47____ his consumer appeal. No matter how famous the product’s origin is, if it ____48____ to impress consumers with its own qualities it begins to resemble an exercise in self-promotional marketing. And once the initial attention dies down, consumer interest might fade, ____49____ returning to labels which have proved to be reliable.Today, celebrities face even more severe ____50____. The pop-cultural circle might be bigger than ever, but its rate of turnover(逆转) has ____51____ as well. Each misstep threatens to reduce a celebrity’s shelf life and the same newspaper or magazine that once brought him ____52____ has no problem severely criticizing him and taking everything from him when the opportunity appears. Still, the ego’s(自我的) potential for ____53____ is limitless. Having already achieved great wealth and public recognition, many celebrities see ____54____ as the next frontier to be conquered. As the saying goes, success and failure always go hand in hand. Their success as designers might last only a short time and as a matter of fact, fashion - like celebrity - has always been ____55____. So the next time celebritie s introduce their lines of fashion, let’s just wait and see how long they will stay.41. A. film B. character C. product D. magazine42. A. abandoned B. promoted C. enhanced D. developed43. A. All in all B. As a result C. Above all D. On the contrary44. A. wealthy B. famous C. special D. ordinary45. A. technologies B. brands C. studios D. producers46. A. rapidly B. moderately C. reluctantly D. carefully47. A. ignored B. disapproved C. overvalued D. estimated48. A. intends B. fails C. manages D. strengthens49. A. loyalty B. promotion C. regret D. disappointment50. A. depression B. failure C. punishment D. embarrassment51. A. slowed down B. called off C. speeded up D. faded away52. A. fame B. fortune C. trouble D. risk53. A. information B. knowledge C. reputation D. expansion54. A. audience B. fashion C. charm D. performance55. A. admirable B. productive C. temporary D. respectable9，浦东新区Everybody loves to hate invasive species. The international list of invasive species—defined as those that were introduced by humans to new places, and then __41__ — runs to over 4,000. In Australia and New Zealand hot war is fought against introduced creatures like cane toads (蔗蟾蜍) and rats.Some things that are uncontroversial (无争议的) are nonetheless foolish. With a few important exceptions, campaigns to __42__ invasive species are merely a waste of money and effort — for reasons that are partly practical and partly philosophical.Start with the practical arguments. Most invasive species are neither terribly successful nor very__43__. Britons think themselves surrounded by foreign plants. __44__, Britain’s invasive plants are not widespread, not spreading especially quickly, and often less of a(n) __45__ than vigorous native plants. The arrival of new species almost always __46__ biological diversity (多样性) in a region; in many cases, a flood of newcomers drives no native species to extinction. One reason is that invaders tend to colonise __47__ habitats like polluted lakes and post-industrial wasteland, where little else lives. They are nature’s opportunists.The philosophical reason for starting war on the invaders is also __48__. Elimination campaigns tend to be __49__ by the belief that it is possible to restore balance to nature — to return woods and lakes to the state before human __50__. That is misguided. Nature is an everlasting mess, with species constantly emerging, withdrawing and hybridizing (杂交). Humans have only quickened these processes. Going back to ancient habitats is becoming __51__ in any case, because of man-made climate change. Taking on the invaders is a(n) __52__ gesture, not a means to an achievable end.A reasonable attitude to invaders need not imply passivity. A few foreign species are truly __53__ and should be fought: the Nile perch – a fish, has helped drive many species of fish to extinction in Lake Victoria. It makes sense to __54__ pathogens (病菌), especially those that destroy whole native tree species, and to stop known agricultural pests from gaining a foothold. Fencing off wildlife reserves to create open-air ecological museums is fine, too. And it is a good idea for European gardeners to destroy Japanese plants, just as they give no apace to native harmful grasses like bindweed and ground elder. You can garden in a garden. You cannot garden __55__. That is universally accepted.41. A. multiplied B. shrunk C. disappeared D. harvested42. A. conserve B. eliminate C. investigate D. prioritize43. A. healthy B. intentional C. harmful D. profitable44. A. As a result B. For example C. By contrast D. In fact45. A. attraction B. dominance C. annoyance D. substitute46. A. increases B. destroys C. reveals D. targets47. A. oppressed B. disturbed C. cultivated D. preserved48. A. acceptable B. needless C. mistaken D. convincing49. A. fuel(l)ed B. organized C. interrupted D. greeted50. A. civilization B. interference C. interaction D. maintenance51. A. tolerable B. impossible C. beneficial D. critical52. A. reluctant B. disorderly C. invalid D. unbalanced53. A. damaging B. flexible C. doubtful D. outstanding54. A. pick up B. take in C. keep out D. turn down55. A. agriculture B. vegetation C. atmosphere D. nature10，普陀区A Question of JudgmentHuman beings are, in principle, poor at considering background information when making individual decisions. At first glance, this might seem like a strength that __41__ people the ability to make judgments which are independent of __42__ factors. But in a world of quotas（配额）and limits—__43___, the world in which most professional people operate—Dr. Simonsohn reported in Psychological Science that it was actually a weakness since an inability to consider the big picture was leading decision-makers to be biased(有偏见）by the daily samples they were working with. For example, he supposed that a judge fearful of appearing too soft on crime might be more likely to send someone to prison ___44___ he had already sentenced five or six other defendants（被告）only to forced community service on that day.To __45_ this idea, Dr. Simonsohn. and his assistants turned their attention to the university-admissions process. Admissions officers interview hundreds of applicants every year, at a rate of 4% a day, and can offer entry to about 40% of them. In theory, the ___46__ of an applicant should not depend on the few others ___47__ randomly for interview during the same day, but Dr. Simonsohn suspected the truth was otherwise.He studied the results of 9,323 MBA interviews ___48___ by 31 admissions officers. The interviewers had rated applicants on a scale of one to five. This scale ___49___ numerous factors, including communication skills, personal drive, team-working ability and personal accomplishments, into consideration. The scores from this rating were ___50___ used in conjunction with an applicant's score on the GMAT, a standardized exam which is __51___ out of 800 points, to make a decision on whether to accept him or her.Dr. Simonsohn found if the score of the previous candidate in a daily series of interviewees was 0.75 points or more higher than that of the one _52_ that, then the score for the next applicant would __53__ by an average of 0.075 points. This might sound small, but to reverse the effects of such a decrease, a candidate would need 30 more GMAT points than would otherwise have been necessary.As for why people behave this way, Dr. Simonsohn proposes that after accepting a number of strong candidates, interviewers might form the illogical expectation that a __54__ candidate “is due”. Regardless of the reason, if this sort of thinking proves to have a similar effect on the judgments of those in other fields, such as law and medicine, it could be responsible for far worse things than the __55__ of qualified business-school candidates.41. A. grants B. equips C. denies D. delivers42. A. minor B. external C. crucial D. objective43. A. above all B. not to mention C. on the whole D. in other words44. A. if B. until C. though D. unless45. A. test B. emphasize C. share D. promote46. A. decision B. quality C. status D. success47. A. found B. studied C. chosen D. identified48. A. inspired B. expressed C. conducted D. secured49. A. put B. got C. took D. gave50. A. instead B. then C. ever D. rather51. A. selected B. passed C. marked D. introduced52. A. below B. after C. above D. before53. A. jump B. float C. flow D. drop54. A. stronger B. weaker C. better D. worse55. A. rejection B. reception C. reputation D. recreation。

2017-英语一模-普陀区英语卷(无答案)

微信公众号上海中高考提供，仅供学习交流使用C.Worried.D.Satisfied.7.A.The cafeteria isn’t usually so empty.C.The cafeteria is near the library.8.A.She lives close to the man.C.She will turn to her manager. B.She changes her mind at last.D.She declines the man's offer.普陀区2016学年第一学期髙英语质调研英语试卷I .L i s te n i n g Co m p r e h e n s i o nS e c t i o n A 10%Directions In Section A,you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers.At the end of eachconversation,a question will be asked about what was said The conversations and the questions will be spoken onlyonce.After you hear a conversation and the question about it,read the four possible answers on your paper,anddecide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A.RelaxedB.Annoyed.5.A.Ask for something cheaperB.Buy the purse she really likesC.Protect herself from being hurt.D.Bargain with the shop assistant.6. A.She doesn't plan to continue studying next year.B.She has already told the man about her plan.C.She isn’t planning to leave her university.D.She recently visited a different university9.A.He doesn't mind helping the woman.B.He'll help if the woman doesn't mind.C.He’ll help if the woman doesn’t mind.D.He can’t help move the cupboard. B.Dessert is served in the cafeteria.D.Coffee isn’t allowed in the library.2.A.On February 1st .C.On February 3rd .B.On February 2nd .D.On February 8th .B.A laundry worker.D.A rock climber.4.A.To a stationery shop.C.To a paint store. B.To a gymnasium.D.To a news stand.3.A.A basketball player.C.A window washer.12.A.Give advice.C.Choose to be a victim.10.A.The washing machine is totally beyond repair.B.She will help Wendy prepare her annual report.C.Wendy should give priority to writing her report.D.The washing machine should be checked annually.Section B 15%Directions In Section B,you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation,and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation.The passages and the conversation will be read twice,but the questions will be spoken only once.When you hear a question,read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11through 13are based on the following passage.11.A.Because he always fired the waiters.B.Because he followed several waiters.C.Because he was a natural motivator.D.Because he seldom had a bad day.B.Tell himself to be in a good mood.D.Accept someone’s complaints.13. A.How to be a unique manager.B.We should be curious about unique people.C.Our choices may decide how we live our lives.D.We should do something after we wake up each morning.Questions 14through 16are based on the following passage.14. A.They are very generous in giving gifts.B.They refuse gifts when doing business.C.They regard gifts as a symbol of friendship.D.They give gifts only on special occasions.15. A.They enjoy giving gifts to other people.B.They spend a lot of time choosing gifts.C.They have to follow many specific rules.D.They pay attention to the quality of gifts.16. A.Gift-giving plays an important role in human relationships.B.We must be aware of cultural difference in giving gifts.C.We must learn how to give gifts before going abroad.D.Reading extensively makes one a better gift-giver.Questions17through20are based on the following conversation.17. A.She is enjoying her language study.B.She is enjoying her management study.C.She is not feeling very well at the moment.D.She is not happy about her study pressure.18.A.It is challenging. B.It is interesting. C.It is useful. D.It is difficult.19.A.She dislikes the food she eats.B.She is unable to sleep well.C.She finds the rent high.D.She has no chance to make friends.20.A.To try to make more friends.B.To try to change accommodation.C.To spend more time on English.D.To stop attending language classes.II.Grammar and vocabularySection A10%Directions After reading the passage below,fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct.For the blanks with a given word,fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word;for the other blanks,use one word that best fits each blank.The Importance of Accessibility AwarenessAt a recent meeting,people with disabilities talked about their lives.I was amazed to hear about the challenges(21)__________(face)by people with physical disabilities.However,(22)_____________ amazed me most was the great importance of education about handicap(残障 facilities.Two women who(23)_________(use)wheelchairs all their life are two important members of the National Group for Disabled Persons,devoted to(24)_______________(raise)awareness about disabilities.They educate about all the facilities for people with disabilities.One big concern is thepeople who take advantage of aids,such as handicap parking spaces.So people(25)________________ disabilities need to be educated about these facilities.And the meeting focused on educating the public.Some handicap spots have extra room next to them,marked with the“No Parking”signs.“(26) _____________________I'm not in the spot,I can take the no-parking area next to it/5somepeople say.However,the women(27)_________use a wheelchair disagree to this.The space exists to allow someone in a wheelchair to have room to get in or out of their car.If there is a car in that space,the handicap parking spot is no longer useful.Some walkways have handrails next to them to help those who require extra assistance.(28) _____it is a blind person seeking guidance or an elderly person seeking support,the rail is therefor walking.Sometimes the rail is blocked,by a parked bicycle for instance,and consequently made useless.As with the parking spot,this is more likely a case of lack of education.People who(29)_______(inform)of the rail’s use would be less likely to mistake it for a bike rack(停放架).Meetingsome of the people who are affected by the lack of education about facilities made me see that there is work to be done.If more people were educated about the proper uses of accommodations,there would be (30)_______(few)challenges for people with physical disabilities.Section B10%Directions Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box.Each word can be used only once.Note that there is one word more than you need.A.gluedB.guiltyC.luxuriousD.portraitE.proud F.reflectedG.removed H.doubts I.reveals J.shadow K.suggestCould It Be a Work by Rembrandt 伦勃朗Rembrandt is the most famous of the seventeenth-century Dutch painters.However,there are___31____whether some paintings attributed( 属 toRembrandt were actually painted by him.One such painting is known as attributed toRembrandt because of its style,and indeed the representation of the woman’s face isvery much like that of portraits known to be by Rembrandt.Butthere are problems with the painting that_____32_____it could not be a work byRembrandt.First,there is something inconsistent 不一致 about the way the woman in the____33___is dressed.She is wearing a white linen cap of a kind that only servants would wear—-yet the coat she is wearing has a_____34____fur collar that no servant could afford.Rembrandt,who was known for his attention to the details of his subjects'clothing,would not have been____35_______of such an inconsistency.Second,Rembrandt was a master of painting light and________36___,but in this painting these elements do not fit together.The face appears to be illuminated 照亮 by light_____37______onto itfrom below.But below the face is the dark fur collar,which would absorb light rather than reflect it.So the face should appear partially in shadow,which is not how it appears.Rembrandt would never have made such an error.Finally,examination of the back of the painting______38___that it was painted on a panel madeof several pieces of wood___39___together.Although Rembrandt often painted on wood panels(面板)s no painting known to be by Rembrandt was painted in this way.For these reasons,the painting was____40___from the official catalog of Rembrandt’s paintingsin the1930s.III.Reading ComprehensionSection A15%Directions For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A,B,C and D.Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.A Question of JudgmentHuman beings are,in principle,poor at considering background information when making individual decisions.At first glance,this might seem like a strength that__41__people the ability to make judgments which are independent of__42__factors.But in a world of quotas 配额 and limits—__43___,the world in which most professional people operate—Dr.Simonsohn reported in Psychological Science that it was actually a weakness since an inability to consider the big picture was leading decision-makers to be biased(有偏 by the daily samples they were working with.For example,he supposed that a judge fearful of appearing too soft on crime might be more likely to send someone to prison___44___he had already sentenced five or six other defendants 被告 only to forced community service on that day.To__45_this idea,Dr.Simonsohn.and his assistants turned their attention to the university-admissions process.Admissions officers interview hundreds of applicants every year,at a rate of4%a day,and can offer entry to about40%of them.In theory,the___46__of an applicant should not depend on the few others ___47__randomly for interview during the same day,but Dr.Simonsohn suspected the truth was otherwise.He studied the results of9,323MBA interviews___48___by31admissions officers.The interviewers had rated applicants on a scale of one to five.This scale___49___numerous factors,including communication skills,personal drive,team-working ability and personal accomplishments,into consideration.The scores from this rating were___50___used in conjunction with an applicant's score on the GMAT,a standardized exam which is__51___out of800points,to make a decision on whether to accept him or her.Dr.Simonsohn found if the score of the previous candidate in a daily series of interviewees was0.75 points or more higher than that of the one_52_that,then the score for the next applicant would__53__by an average of0.075points.This might sound small,but to reverse the effects of such a decrease,a candidate would need30more GMAT points than would otherwise have been necessary.As for why people behave this way,Dr.Simonsohn proposes that after accepting a number of strong candidates,interviewers might form the illogical expectation that a__54__candidate“is due”.Regardless of the reason,if this sort of thinking proves to have a similar effect on the judgments of those in other fields, such as law and medicine,it could be responsible for far worse things than the__55__of qualified business-school candidates.41.A.grants B.equips C.denies D.delivers42.A.minor B.external C.crucial D.objective43.A.above all B.not to mention C.on the whole D.in other words44.A.if B.until C.though D.unless45.A.test B.emphasize C.share D.promote46.A.decision B.quality C.status D.success47.A.found A B.studied C.chosen D.identified48.A.inspired B.expressed C.conducted D.secured49.A.put B.got C.took D.gave50.A.instead B.then C.ever D.rather51.A.selected B.passed C.marked D.introduced52.A.below B.after C.above D.before53.A.jump B.float C.flow D.drop54.A.stronger B.weaker C.better D.worse55.A.rejection B.reception C.reputation D.recreationDirections Read the following three passages.Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A).Roald Dahl-the author who entertained people with classics like Matilda,Charlie and the Chocolate Factory and James and the Giant Peach-would have been100years old this year.Roald Dahl is most famous for the books he wrote for children,but he also wrote novels and short stories for adults,screenplays,and non-fiction,too!Roald Dahl was born near Cardiff,in Wales in1916.His parents were from Norway,and they named him after Roald Amundsen,the famous Norwegian explorer.Roald was sent off to boarding school when he was only nine years old.He was very homesick,and had a hard time obeying the strict teachers and the headmaster.In those days,teachers would sometimes hit their students with a cane(藤条 when they misbehaved.This naturally made a lot of children very afraid of their teachers!Later on,Roald integrated this fear and distrust of adults into many of his children's books.During World War II,Roald joined the Royal Air Force and flew missions over Africa,the Mediterranean,and the Middle East.At one point,his plane crashed in the Libyan Desert.He was temporarily blinded,and stranded in the middle of nowhere with a cracked skull and a broken nose.Fortunately,he was rescued,and within a few months had made a complete recovery.After his injuries forced him to leave the Air Force,Roald began writing.His first published piece was a magazine article about his plane crash.During the1950s,he became an accomplished writer of short stories for adults.These stories usually featured mystery,suspense,and a twist ending.In1961,Roald published James and the Giant Peach,which tells the story of a young boy who attempts to escape from his two nasty,abusive aunts.The boy finally gets away by sailing across the ocean inside a magical.giant peach and befriends the giant bugs that live inside it.James and the Giant Peach was prompted by the bedtime stories Roald would make up for his young daughters.He said that it was a challenge to keep them interested and attentive---he had to make his stories funny,exciting,and original.In1964,he wrote his most famous book---Charlie and the Chocolate Factory,in which a poor boy wins a“golden ticket”to tour a mysterious world.56.How did Roald Dahl’s experiences in World War II influence his later writing?A.He was a pilot,and his first publication was about a plane crash.B.He was in Navy,and his first publication dealt with life aboard a ship.C.He was in the Army,and his first publication was set in Nazi-occupied Europe.D.He worked in a military factory,and his first publication was about factory life.57.Many of Roald Dahl’s children’s stories were inspired by_______.A.a vacation he took with his grandparentsB.his relationship with his parentsC.his time in the militaryD.his time away at boarding school58.What led Roald Dahl to write James and the Giant Peach?A.His lifelong love of peaches.B.The bedtime stories he told his daughters.C.The insects he found in his garden.D.The cruelty he experienced at the hands of his aunts.59.Which of these statements is an opinion about Roald Dahl?A.He was the greatest children's author of the20th century.B.He published more than a dozen books for children.C.James and the Giant Peach was his first book for children.D.Several of his books were adapted into successful movies.(B)$330$580Children11years and under are50%.Children4years and under are free.60.Which holiday location doesn’t welcome young children?A.Mountain Lodge.B.Pelican Resort.C.Cedar Lodge.D.None of the above.61.According to the holiday advertisement,which of the following is NOT TRUE?A.Both Mountain Lodge and Pelican Resort are close to the coast.B.Tourists can't visit Pelican Resort in May because of the restoration.C.All meals are included if tourists choose to go to the Pelican Resort.D.Canoeing and cycling are provided at no extra cost at Cedar Lodge.62.A holiday in Mountain Lodge for a couple with12-year-old twin girls and a3-year-old boy costsA.$825B.$990C.$1320D.$1650(C)France,which prides itself as the global innovator of fashion,has decided its fashion industry has lost an absolute right to define physical beauty for woman.Its lawmakers gave preliminary 初 approval last week to athat advocate“excessive thinness”by promoting extreme dieting.Such measures have a couple of uplifting motives.They suggest beauty should not be defined by looks that end up with impinging on health.That’s a start.And the ban on ultra-thin models seems to go beyond protecting models from starving themselves to health,as some have done.It tells the fashion industry that it must take responsibility for the signal it sends to women,especially teenage girls,about the social standard they must use to determine their individual worth.The bans,if fully enforced,would suggest to woman(and many men)that they should not let others be judges of their beauty.And perhaps faintly,they hint that people should look to other qualities like character and intellect rather than dieting their way to size zero or wasp-waist(黄蜂腰体型).The French measures,however,rely too much on severe punishment to change a culture that still regards beauty as skin-deep and bone-showing.Under the law,using a fashion model that does not meet a government-defined index of body mess could result in a$85,000fine and six months in prison.The fashion industry knows it has an inherent problem in focusing on material decoration and idealized body types.In Denmark,the United States,and a few other countries,it is trying to set voluntary standard for models and fashion images that rely more on peer pressure for enforcement.In contrast to France’s actions,Denmark’s fashion industry agreed last month on rules and punishments regarding age,health,and other characteristics of models.The newly revised Danish Fashion Ethical Charter(伦理准则 dearly states:“We are aware of and take responsibility for theimpact the fashion industry has on body ideals,especially on young people.^Relying on ethical persuasion rather than law to address the misuse of body ideals may be the best step.Even better would be to help elevate concepts of beauty beyond the material standards of a particular industry.63.According to the first paragraph,what would happen in France?A.Physical beauty would be redefined.B.New catwalks would be constructed.C.Websites about dieting would boom.D.The fashion industry would decline.64.The phrase“impinging on” Line2,Para2)is closest in meaning to_______.A.increasing the value ofB.indicating the state ofC.losing faith inD.doing harm to65.Which of the following is TRUE of the fashion industry?A.The French measures have already failed.B.New standards are being set in Denmark.C.Models are no longer under peer pressure.D.Its inherent problems are getting worse.66.Which of the following may be the best title of the text?A.Just Another Struggle for BeautyB.A Prospect for the Starving Models in FranceC A Challenge to the Fashion Industry’s Body IdealsD.Threats io the Fashion IndustrySection C8%Directions Read the passage carefully.Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box.Each sentence can be used only once.Note that there are two more sentences than you need.In2009,the number of hungry people in the world reached one billion for the first time.It's difficult not to be shocked by the fact that more than one in seven people in the world do not have enough to eat.__67__Hunger kills more people per year than diseases such as AIDS,malaria(症疾 and TB(肺结核 combined.The UN estimates that almost two thirds of the world's hungry people are in Asia,which is of course the world's most populous continent.__68__Although this region has a much lower population than Asia,it has the highest percentage of hungry people.Almost all of the rest are in Latin America,North Africa and the Caribbean.In the richest regions of the world there are only a tiny number of people who don't have enough to eat.__69__They include wars,droughts,floods,and the over-use of farming land.All these factors affect food production.Many people also blame greedy businessmen for pushing up the prices of basic foods in the global market. But the most important reason,quite simply,is poverty,which has increased recently due to the financial crisis of 2008.Although many people make the obvious point that there would be less hunger if the global population were smaller,few people would argue that there is not enough food to go around.The basic problem seems to be not a lack of food,but its distribution.In the last50years,global food production has risen even more quickly than the global population.There are many areas of the world in which people generally have more than enough food.__70__The answer to world hunger,therefore,may be a balanced food distribution around the whole world.Everyone will have enough to eat,but not overeat.IV.Summary Writing10%Directions Read the following passage.Summarize the main idea and the main point(s)of the passage in no more than60 e your own words as far as possible.Teaching Is“One of the Least Popular Jobs in the UK”The UK government has just published a report on the future of secondary school teaching,and the conclusion of the report is that many secondary schools now face great difficulties in finding people who want to be teachers. Since the1980s,the number of graduates who would“seriously consider”teaching as a career has fallen sharply,from 64%in1982to just17%today.The report suggests that urgent action needs to be taken in order to encourage more intelligent young graduates into teaching.The main drawback 缺点 of secondary teaching,according to the report,is the low salary.Earnings in teaching are much lower than in many other jobs.Joanne Manners,24,is a good example:“I graduated in maths last year,and I was thinking of doing a teacher-training course to become a maths teacher---but I saw I could earn twice as much if I worked in marketing or advertising,so I decided not to become a teacher.”It's not just about the money,however.The survey concluded that another reason why people donn’t want to be teachers is that some teenagers behave very badly in school.A lot of schools have problems with discipline,and it seems clear that children do not have the same respect for teachers as in the past.Here’s the view of Dave Hallam,an accountant from London:“I think parents are to blame.They should have stricter rules with their children at home and also teach their children to have more respect for teachers.”The report is clear that the problem of teacher shortage is a very serious one.It says that the government should raise teachers’pay significantly,to catch up with workers in other professions.It also indicates that the government could launch a nationwide publicity campaign,with some advertisements on TV and in the newspapers,to show the positive sides of teaching to young people.V.Translation15%Directions:Translate the following sentences into English,using the words given in the brackets.73.无论多忙，我们都应该花点时间锻炼身体 spend)74.手机在人们日常生活中起着如重要的作用，没有人敢不带手机去旅行 So...)75.最近映的这部电影旨在唤起公众对于边防警察的注，他们冒着生命危险，不惜一切代捍卫国家尊严 concern)VI.Guided Writing25%Directions Write an English composition in120-150words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.学校学生广播台在酝酿改版，拟从有的个栏目科学技术趣爱好文学艺术中去除一个，并从个备选栏目旅行保健身中挑选一个纳入该电台节目假设你是该校学生李华，给校广播台长写一封电子邮，表达你的点邮须包括以内容1.你建议去除的栏目及去除的理由2.你建议增加的栏目及增加的理由参考答案1-5BBCDB6-10BACDD11-13CBC14-16DCB17-20CACB21.faced22.what23.have used/have been using24.raising25.without26.As(So)long as27.who/that28.Whether29.are informed30.fewer31-40HKDCBJFIAG41-45CDBCB46-50ACADC51-55CDCCB56-59ADBA60-62CDC63-66ADBC67-70FABD。

2017上海高考英语一模---翻译部分

2017上海高考英语一模：翻译部分青浦区：72。

中午的欢迎会已推迟到下周三。

(put）73. 专家建议推销活动要面向农村地区。

(propose）74. 每年八月这个摄影师都去海外寻找美丽的瞬间。

（overseas）75。

无论是短途旅行还是参加体育比赛，你最好把健康保险考虑在内。

(whether)72.The reception at noon has been put off till next Wednesday。

73.Specialists proposed that sales drives should be held in rural areas.74。

Every Auguest the photographer goes overseas to look for beautiful moments。

75.Whether you will go on an excursion or participate in a sports event, you’d better take health insurance into consideration。

宝山区：72. 顾客购物时总是注重品牌形象。

(focus)73. 我再也抑制不住看篮球比赛的冲动。

(no longer）74。

这本书备受推崇的原因是它给人以希望和启迪。

(…why…）75。

她的有关个人奋斗的演讲很真诚，让我们感动得几乎流泪.（…such…that…）72。

Customers always focus on brand image when shopping。

73。

I can no longer resist the impulse to watch basketball match。

74。

The reason why this book is popular is that it gives people hope and inspiration。

2017年上海高考英语一模各区完形填空汇总

上海普陀区高三英语一模试题和答案解析word版本

普陀区2016学年第一学期髙三英语I.ListeningComprehensionSection A10%Directions：In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard 1. A.Relaxed B.Annoyed C. Worried. D. Satisfied2. A. On February 1st. B. On February 2nd. C. On February 3rd D. On February8th.3. A. A basketball player. B. A laundry worker.C. A window washer.D. A rock climber.4. A. To a stationery shop. B. To a gymnasium.C. To a paint store.D. To a news stand.5. A. Ask for something cheaper B. Buy the purse she really likesC. Protect herself from being hurt.D. Bargain with the shop assistant.6.A. She doesn't plan to continue studying next year.B.She has already told the man about her plan.C.She isn’t planning to leave her university.D.She recently visited a different university7.A. The cafeteria isn’t usually empty B. Dessert is served in the cafeteria.C. The cafeteria is near the library.D. Coffe isn’t allowed in the library.8. A. She lives close to the man B. She changes her mind at last.C. She will turn to her manager.D. She declines the man’s offer.9. A. He doesn't mind helping the woman.B. He'll help if the woman doesn't mind.C. He’ll help if the woman doesn’t mind.D. He can’t help move the cupboard.10. A. The washing machine is totally beyond repair.B.She will help Wendy prepare her annual report.C.Wendy should give priority to writing her report.D.The washing machine should be checked annually.Section B 15%Directions：In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. Because he always fired the waiters.B.Because he followed several waiters.C.Because he was a natural motivator.D.Because he seldom had a bad day.12.Agive advice B. Tell himself to be in a good mood.C. Choose to be a victim.D. Accept so meone’s complaints.13. A. How to be a unique manager.B. We should be curious about unique people.C.Our choices may decide how we live our lives.D.We should do something after we wake up each morning.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. They are very generous in giving gifts.B.They refuse gifts when doing business.C.They regard gifts as a symbol of friendship.D.They give gifts only on special occasions.15. A. They enjoy giving gifts to other people.B.They spend a lot of time choosing gifts.C.They have to follow many specific rules.D.They pay attention to the quality of gifts.16. A. Gift-giving plays an important role in human relationships.B.We must be aware of cultural difference in giving gifts.C.We must learn how to give gifts before going abroad.Reading extensively makes one a better gift-giver.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. She is enjoying her language study.B.She is enjoying her management study.C.She is not feeling very well at the moment.D.She is not happy about her study pressure.18. A. It is challenging. B. It is interesting. C. It is useful.D. It is difficult.19. A. She dislikes the food she eats. B. She is unable to sleep well.C. She finds the rent high.D. She has no chance to make friends.20. A. To try to make more friends.B.To try to change accommodation.C.To spend more time on English.D.To stop attending language classes.II.Grammarand vocabularySection A 10%Directions：After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.The Importance of Accessibility AwarenessAt a recent meeting, people with disabilities talked about their lives. I was amazed to hear aboutthe challenges (21) _______ (face) by people with physical disabilities. However, (22)amazed me most was the great importance of education about handicap (残障）facilities.Two women who (23) __________ (use) wheelchairs all their life are two important members of the National Group for Disabled Persons, devoted to (24) ____________________________ (raise)awareness about disabilities. They educate about all the facilities for people with disabilities. One big concernis the people who take advantage of aids, such as handicap parking spaces. So people (25)disabilities need to be educated about these facilities. And the meeting focused on educating the public.Some handicap spots have extra room next to them, marked wi th the “No Parking” signs. “(26)I'm not in the spot, I can take the no-parking area next to it/5 some people say. However, the women (27) use a wheelchair disagree to this. The space exists to allow someonein a wheelchair to have room to get in or out of their car. If there is a carin that space, the handicap parking spot is no longer useful. Some walkways have handrails next to them to help those who require extra assistance. (28) it is a blind person seeking guidance or an elderly person seeking support, the rail is there for walking. Sometimes the rail is blocked, by a parked bicycle for instance, and consequently made useless. As with the parking spot, this is more likely a case of lack of education. People who (29) (inform) of the rail’s use would be less likely to mistake it for a bike rack(停放架).Meeting some of the people who are affected by the lack of education about facilities made me see that there is work to be done. If more people were educated about the proper uses of accommodations, there would be (30)_______(few) challenges for people with physical disabilities.Section B 10%Directions：Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each wordcan be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. gluedB. guiltyC. luxuriousD. portraitE. proudF. reflectedG. removed H. doubts I. reveals J. shadow K. suggestCould It Be a Work by Rembrandt（伦勃朗）Rembrandt is the most famous of the seventeenth-centuryDutch painters.However, there are 31 ____ whether some paintingsattributed (归属）toRembrandt were actually painted by him. One such painting isknown as attributed to Rembrandt because of its style, andindeed the representation of the woman’s face is very muchlike that of portraits known to be by Rembrandt. Butthere are problems with the painting that ___ 32 itcould not be a work byRembrandt.First, there is something inconsistent（不一致） about the way the woman inthe __ 33 ___ i s dressed. She is wearing a white linen cap of a kind that only servants would wear—-yet the coat she is wearing has a 34 fur collar that no servant couldafford. Rembrandt, who was known for his attention to the details of his subjects' clothing, would not have been 35 of such an inconsistency.Second, Rembrandt was a master of painting light and 36 __ , but in this painting theseelements do not fit together. The face appears to be illuminated（照亮）by light37 _____ ontoitfrom below. But below the face is the dark fur collar, which would absorb light rather than reflect it. So the face should appear partially in shadow, whichis not how it appears. Rembrandt would never have made such an error.Finally, examination of the back of the painting 38 that it was painted on a panel madeof several pieces of wood ___39___ together. Although Rembrandt often painted on wood panels (面板)s no painting known to be by Rembrandt was painted in this way.For these reasons, the painting was __ 40 from the official catalog of Rembrandt’s paintingsin the 1930s.III.ReadingComprehensionSection A 15%Directions：For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.A Question of JudgmentHuman beings are, in principle, poor at considering background information when making individual decisions. At first glance, this might seem like a strength that __41__ people the ability to make judgments which are independent of __42__ factors. But in a world of quotas（配额）and limits—__43___, the world in which most professional people operate—Dr. Simonsohn reported in Psychological Science that it was actually a weakness since an inability to consider the big picture was leading decision-makers to be biased(有偏见）by the daily samples they were working with. For example, he supposed that a judge fearful of appearing too soft on crime might be more likely to send someone to prison ___44___ he had already sentenced five or six other defendants（被告）only to forced community service on that day.To __45_ this idea, Dr. Simonsohn. and his assistants turned their attention to the university-admissions process. Admissions officers interview hundreds of applicants every year, at a rate of 4% a day, and can offer entry to about 40% of them. In theory, the ___46__ of an applicant should not depend on the few others ___47__ randomly for interview during the same day, but Dr. Simonsohn suspected the truth was otherwise.He studied the results of 9,323 MBA interviews ___48___ by 31 admissions officers. The interviewers had rated applicants on a scale of one to five. This scale ___49___ numerous factors, including communication skills, personal drive, team-working ability and personal accomplishments, into consideration. The scores from this rating were ___50___ used in conjunction with an applicant's score on the GMAT, a standardized exam which is __51___ out of 800 points, to make a decision on whether to accept him or her.Dr. Simonsohn found if the score of the previous candidate in a daily series of interviewees was 0.75 points or more higher than that of the one _52_ that, then the score for the next applicant would __53__ by an average of 0.075 points. This might sound small, but to reverse the effects of such a decrease, a candidate would need 30 more GMAT points than would otherwise have been necessary.As for why people behave this way, Dr. Simonsohn proposes that after accepting a number of strong candidates, interviewers might form the illogical expectation that a __54__ candidate “is due”. R egardless of the reason, if this sort of thinking proves to have a similar effect on the judgments of those in other fields, such as law and medicine, it could be responsible for far worse things than the __55__ of qualified business-school candidates.41. A. grants B. equips C. denies D. delivers42. A. minor B. external C. crucial D. objective43. A. above all B. not to mention C. on the whole D. in other words44. A. if B. until C. though D. unless45. A. test B. emphasize C. share D. promote46. A. decision B. quality C. status D. success47. A. found B. studied C. chosen D. identified48. A. inspired B. expressed C. conducted D. secured49. A. put B. got C. took D. gave50. A. instead B. then C. ever D. rather51. A. selected B. passed C. marked D. introduced52. A. below B. after C. above D. before53. A. jump B. float C. flow D. drop54. A. stronger B. weaker C. better D. worse55. A. rejection B. reception C. reputation D. recreationSection B 22%Directions：Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A).Roald Dahl - the author who entertained people with classics like Matilda, Charlie and the Chocolate Factory and James and the Giant Peach - would have been 100 years old this year. Roald Dahl is most famous for the books he wrote for children, but he also wrote novels and short stories for adults, screenplays, and non-fiction, too!Roald Dahl was born near Cardiff, in Wales in 1916. His parents were from Norway, and they named him after Roald Amundsen, the famous Norwegian explorer. Roald was sent off to boarding school when he was only nine years old. He was very homesick, and had a hard time obeying the strict teachers and the headmaster. In those days, teachers would sometimes hit their students with a cane (藤条）when they misbehaved. This naturally made a lot of children very afraid of their teachers! Later on, Roald integrated this fear and distrust of adults into many of his children's books.During World War II, Roald joined the Royal Air Force and flew missions over Africa, the Mediterranean, and the Middle East. At one point, his plane crashed in the Libyan Desert. He was temporarily blinded, and stranded in the middle of nowhere with a cracked skull and a broken nose. Fortunately, he was rescued, and within a few months had made a complete recovery. After his injuries forced him to leave the Air Force, Roald began writing. His first published piece was a magazine article about his plane crash. During the 1950s, he became an accomplished writer of short stories for adults. These stories usually featured mystery, suspense, and a twist ending.In 1961, Roald published James and the Giant Peach, which tells the story of a young boy who attempts to escape from his two nasty, abusive aunts. The boy finally gets away by sailing across the ocean inside a magical. giant peach and befriends the giant bugs that live inside it. James and the Giant Peach was prompted by the bedtime stories Roald would make up for his young daughters. He said that it was a challenge to keep them interested and attentive--- he hadto make his stories funny, exciting, and original. In 1964, he wrote his most famous book--- Charlie and the Chocolate Factory, in which a poor boy wins a “golden ticket” to tour a mysterious world.56.How did Roald Dahl’s experiences in World War II influence his later writing?A.He was a pilot, and his first publication was about a plane crash.B.He was in Navy, and his first publication dealt with life aboard a ship.C.He was in the Army, and his first publication was set in Nazi-occupied Europe.D.He worked in a military factory, and his first publication was about factory life.57. Many of Roald Dahl’s children’s stories were inspired by.A. a vacation he took with his grandparentsB.his relationship with his parentsC.his time in the militaryD.his time away at boarding school58. What led Roald Dahl to write James and the Giant Peach?A.His lifelong love of peaches.B.The bedtime stories he told his daughters.C.The insects he found in his garden.D.The cruelty he experienced at the hands of his aunts.59. Which of these statements is an opinion about Roald Dahl?A.He was the greatest children's author of the 20th century.B.He published more than a dozen books for children.C.James and the Giant Peach was his first book for children.D.Several of his books were adapted into successful movies.(B)Holiday Plus Need a break? Choose from these three wonderful holidays!HolidaylocationMountain Lodge Aunique wilderness retreat onthe edge of the WorldHeritage-listed NationalPark and only 5 km from thesea Pelican Resort A true coral island right on the Great Barrier Reef (大堡礁） Swim straight for the beach Cedar Lodge A mixture of casual atmosphere and rich rainforest surroundings for those over 25Price* $330 $580 $740 Number of nights2 4 4 Daily meals included in package Mountain buffet breakfastFree soft drink alwaysavailableHot breakfast Beach picnic lunch 4-course Tropical breakfast Picnic lunch (optional Comments Free canoeing Free talks in the evening Free open-air tennis courts Horse-riding (optional extra) Renovation: resort will close for May Free minibus trip around island Plane flights to WilsonOldest living rainforest Free bikes and tennis courts; horse-riding extra Transport Self-drive auto 1h 15m Bus three times/week approx.2 hours 1/2 hour by minibus 10 mins by taxi*Price ： per person, per package, twin shareChildren 11 years and under are 50%. Children 4 years and under are free.60. Which holiday location doesn’t welcome young children?B.C.Mountain Lodge. B. Pelican Resort.B.Cedar Lodge. D. None of the above.61. According to the holiday advertisement, which of the following is NOT TRUE?A.Both Mountain Lodge and Pelican Resort are close to the coast.B.Tourists can't visit Pelican Resort in May because of the restoration.C.All meals are included if tourists choose to go to the Pelican Resort.D.Canoeing and cycling are provided at no extra cost at Cedar Lodge.62. A holiday in Mountain Lodge for a couple with 12-year-old twin girls anda 3-year-old boy costsA.$825B. $990C. $1320D. $1650(C)France, which prides itself as the global innovator of fashion, has decided its fashion industry has lost an absolute right to define physical beauty for woman. Its lawmakers gave preliminary （初步）approval last week to a law that would make it a crime to employ ultra-thin models on catwalks. The parliament also agreed to ban websites that advocate “excessive thinness” by promoting extreme dieting.Such measures have a couple of uplifting motives. They suggest beauty should not be defined by looks that end up with impinging on health. That’s a start. And the ban on ultra-thin models seems to go beyond protecting models from starving themselves to health, as some have done. It tells the fashion industry that it must take responsibility for the signal it sends to women, especially teenage girls, about the social standard they must use to determine their individual worth.The bans, if fully enforced, would suggest to woman (and many men) that they should not let others be judges of their beauty. And perhaps faintly, they hint that people should look to other qualities like character and intellect rather than dieting their way to size zero or wasp-waist (黄蜂腰体型).The French measures, however, rely too much on severe punishment to change a culture that still regards beauty as skin-deep and bone-showing. Under the law, using a fashion model that does not meet a government-defined index of body mess could result in a $85,000 fine and six months in prison.The fashion industry knows it has an inherent problem in focusing on material decoration and idealized body types. In Denmark, the United States, and a few other countries, it is trying to set voluntary standard for models and fashion images that rely more on peer pressure for enforcement.In contrast to France’s actions, Denmark’s fashion industry agreed last month on rules and punishments regarding age, health, and other characteristics of models. The newly revised Danish Fashion Ethical Charter(伦理准则）dearly states: “We are aware of and take responsibility for theimpact the fashion industry has on body ideals, especially on young people.^Relying on ethical persuasion rather than law to address the misuse of body ideals may be the best step. Even better would be to help elevate concepts of beauty beyond the material standards of a particular industry.63. According to the first paragraph, what would happen in France?A.Physical beauty would be redefined.B.New catwalks would be constructed.C.Websites about dieting would boom.D.The fashion industry would decline.64. The phrase “impinging on”（Line2, Para2) is closest in meaning to .A. increasing the value ofB. indicating the state ofC. losing faith inD. doing harm to65. Which of the following is TRUE of the fashion industry?A.The French measures have already failed.B.New standards are being set in Denmark.C.Models are no longer under peer pressure.D.Its inherent problems are getting worse.66. Which of the following may be the best title of the text?A.Just Another Struggle for BeautyB. A Prospect for the Starving Models in FranceC A Challenge to the Fashion Industry’s Body IdealsC.Threats io the Fashion IndustrySection C 8%Directions：Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.In 2009, the number of hungry people in the world reached one billion for the first time. It's difficult not to be shocked by the fact that more than one in seven people in the world do not have enough to eat. __67__ Hunger kills more people per year than diseases such as AIDS, malaria (症疾）and TB(肺结核）combined.The UN estimates that almost two thirds of the world's hungry people are in Asia, which is of course the world's most populous continent. __68__ Although this region has a much lower population than Asia, it has the highest percentageof hungry people. Almost all of the rest are in Latin America, North Africa and the Caribbean. In the richest regions of the world there are only a tiny number of people who don't have enough to eat.__69__ They include wars, droughts, floods, and the over-use of farming land. All these factors affect food production. Many people also blame greedy businessmen for pushing up the prices of basic foods in the global market. But the most important reason, quite simply, is poverty, which has increased recently due to the financial crisis of 2008.Although many people make the obvious point that there would be less hunger if the global population were smaller, few people would argue that there is not enough food to go around. The basic problem seems to be not a lack of food, but its distribution. In the last 50 years, global food production has risen even more quickly than the global population. There are many areas of the world in which people generally have more than enough food. __70__ The answer to world hunger, therefore, may be a balanced food distribution around the whole world. Everyone will have enough to eat, but not overeat.IV.Summary Writing 10%Directions：Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Teaching Is “One of the Least Popular Jobs in the UK”The UK government has just published a report on the future of secondary school teaching, and the conclusion of the report is that many secondary schools now face great difficulties in finding people who want to be teachers. Since the 1980s, the number of graduates who would “seriously consider” teaching as a career has fallen sharply, from 64% in 1982 to just 17% today. The report suggests that urgent action needs to be taken in order to encourage more intelligent young graduates into teaching.The main drawback（缺点）of secondary teaching, according to the report, is the low salary. Earnings in teaching are much lower than in many other jobs. Joanne Manners, 24, is a good example: “I graduated in maths last year, and I was thinking of doing a teacher-training course to become a maths teacher---but I saw I could earn twice as much if I worked in marketing or advertising, so I decided n ot to become a teacher.”It's not just about the money, however. The survey concluded that another reason why people donn’t want to be teachers is that some teenagers behave very badly in school. A lot of schools have problems with discipline, and it seems clear that children do not have the same respect for teachers as in the past. Here’s the view of Dave Hallam, an accountant from London: “I think parents are to blame. They should have stricter rules with their children at home and also teach their childr en to have more respect for teachers.”The report is clear that the problem of teacher shortage is a very serious one. It says that the government should raise teachers’ pay significantly, to catch up with workers in other professions. It also indicates that the government could launch a nationwide publicity campaign, with some advertisements on TV and in the newspapers, to show the positive sides of teaching to young people.V.Translation 15%Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72.三轮激烈的电视辩论之后，Trump当选为美国总统。

上海市各区2017届高三英语一模汇编：阅读理解C篇(带答案精准校对)

One【2017届上海市虹口区高三英语一模】Section BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions orunfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose theone that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(C)A group of college students is hoping to place a satellite powered only by water into an orbit(轨道) around the moon.The students are from Cornell University in thestate of New York. They are taking part in acompetition called the Cube Quest Challenge. It is aprogram of NASA, the American space agency. TheCornell team is called the CisLunar Explorers. Theword cislunar means “between t he earth and themoon.”The challenge is simple: to design, build andNASA off icials say the satellites must be able todeliver “flight-qualified, small satellites.”　perform “advanced operations near and beyond the moon.”Ten teams are taking part in the competition. But the CisLunar Explorer satellites aredifferent. They are the only ones using water to power their spacecraft.The idea for a water-powered vehicle came from Mason Peck, who works at CornellUniversity. He once worked as NASA’s chief technologist. He has always wanted to usesomething other than rockets to push spacecraft beyond earth. “A lot of the mass we send intoorbit these days is in the form of rockets -- the only way we get anything into space,” he said, in a Cornell press release. “But what if we could use what’s already there? If we could do that, if we could re-fuel spacecraft while they’re already in space...”The spacecraft is shaped like the English letter L. It measures about 30 centimeters in length,and the two pieces are connected. Water is stored in the lower part of the satellite. The sun willseparate the water into two elements: hydrogen and oxygen. When one combines hydrogen andoxygen with a spark (火花), an explosion results. This provides a forward movement, known as thrust.The CisLunar Explorer team has an unusual way to guide its spacecraft. The idea is to copy how old-time sailors used the moon, sun and stars to fix their position on the oceans. The satellite is equipped with cameras. The cameras will take pictures of the sun, the earth and the moon and compare their positions and their sizes. Based on where the sun, moon and earth are at any given time, the CisLunar Explorers will do the mathematics to find their position.The competition is being held in four parts. The Cornell team has been among the top three competitors during parts one and two. The winners of the third stage will be announced in about a month. The final three winners will be announced in early 2017. They will get to ride on NASA space launch system in early 2018.is ______.63. The essential part of the competition “the Cube Quest Challenge”A. to launch a satellite to take a watery flight to the moonB. to design, build and deliver a small and flight-qualified satelliteC. to place a satellite powered only by water into an orbit around the moonD. to make the satellite perform advanced operations near and beyond the moon64. What does Mason Peck want to do at Cornell University according to the passage?A. To stop using rockets for the sake of safety.B. To use something already in space as power.C. To try using water in space to push spacecraft.D. To design a water-powered vehicle to push spacecraft.65. It can be inferred from the passage that ______.A. there is a lot of rubbish of rockets and satellites in the orbit these daysB. a water-powered satellite will soon be sent into the orbit around the moonC. the explosion of the combination of hydrogen and oxygen provides powerD. the team members of the CisLunar Explorers are the students of Mason Peck66. What would be the best title of the passage?A. A Spacecraft Powered by WaterB. A Water-Powered Flight to the MoonC. A Competition for Water-Powered SatelliteD. A Design of Water-Powered Space JourneyKeys: 63-66: DBCATwo【2017届上海市黄浦区高三英语一模】Section BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions orunfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose theone that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read.(C)①What does it say about the future of meat when the country’s largest processor of chicken,pork, and beef buys a stake(股份) in a start-up that aims to “perfectly replace animal protein withplant protein”？②Tyson Foods announced this week that it purchased a 5 percent stake in Beyond Meat, theSouthern California-based food-tech start-up that made headlines earlier this year with its veggieburger that reportedly cooks and tastes like real beef.③To be sure, Beyond Meat’s m eatless creations have yet to take the country by storm.Although the 100 percent plant-based burgers have achieved plenty of positive press since theyappeared for the first time in May, so far they’re only available at Whole Foods stores in seven states. Even though the company’s “chicken” strips, “beef” pies, and meatless frozen dinners ar available nationwide, Beyond Meat is hardly a household name.④That may be what makes the news of Tyson’s investment all the more noteworthy. Whiledoubtful that Tyson’s 5 percentthe two companies declined to give details about the deal, it’scoffers(金库). The company posted $41.4stake made much of dent(凹陷) in the meat giant’sbillion in sales last year; prior to the deal with Tyson, Beyond Meat had reportedly raised $64million in project capital funding—about what Tyson earns before lunch on any given day.⑤Tyson is doing pretty great. The company reported record third-quarter earnings per sharein August and says that it expects overall meat production to increase 2 to 3 percent during thenext financial year. But like a big oil company shelling out cash to invest in wind power, Tysontoe-in-the-water move to team up with a start-up devoted to bringing more plant-based protein toAmerican dinner tables seems to suggest the meat industry is starting to see which way the windsare blowing.⑥Sales of plant-based protein, which totaled an estimated $5 billion last year, continue to pale compared with the market for meat in America—but vegetarian alternatives to meat are booming, with sales growing at more than double the rate for food products overall. The steady drumbeat of news about the negative health impacts, environmental problems, and animal welfare concerns associated with meat consumption appears to be sinking in. According to a survey released in April, more than half of Americans surveyed said they plan to eat more plant-based foods in the coming year.63. Beyond Meat’s veggie burger made headlines probably because __________.A. it makes perfect use of animal proteinB. it uses high tech in the making processC. it tastes as good as a genuine beef burgerD. it represents the diet trend in South California64. Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding the state of Beyond Meat?plant-based burgers.A. It is the creator of the country’s first 100 percentB. It has been well received as its products are available nationwide.C. It is far from being a match to real food processing giants like Tyson.D. It provides high-quality dining experience in selected Whole Foods stores.65. What can we infer from paragraph 4?A. The purchase of the stake barely costs a thing for Tyson.B. The 5 percent stake in Beyond Meat means a lot to Tyson.C. Tyson’s investment hasn’t caught the attention of the media as expected.D. Tyson is relying on this investment to raise more project capital funding.66. What does the passage mainly talk about?A. Meat will still take over the market in spite of other alternatives.B. A major American meat company is betting on plant-based protein.C. Tyson and Beyond Meat work together to build a global meat giant.D. Plants have been found to contain protein that does more good to human beings.Keys: 63-66 CCABThree【2017届上海市浦东校报区高三英语一模】Section BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions orunfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose theone that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read.(C)Spain’s Literary GeniusFour centuries ago, the author of one of the greatest comedic characters in the world literaturetook his last breath. Miguel de Cervantes (1547-1616), the author of Don Quixote, is to theSpanish what Shakespeare is to the English and Dante is to Italians - a national literary icon.Cervantes’ book is still appreciated today, hundreds of years after its publication, because ita wonderfully truthful comedy. Don Quixote, like human beings generally, has great difficultydistinguishing reality from imagination. Readers may laugh at his strange behavior, but when welaugh, we laugh with recognition.The book records the adventures of Alonso Quijano, an older Spanish gentleman who lovesromance novels. In truth, he reads far too many romances, and they have affected his mind.Quijano is so mixed up that he decides that he must become a knight himself. Imagine a comicbook fan who decides to dress up as a superhero to fight crime, and you’ll get the picture. Setting the scenearistocratic（贵族的）Alonso Quijano reinvents himself as “Don Quixote de La Mancha”, anname that suits his ambition of being a knight. Next, since every knight needs a horse, he findshimself an old one named Rocinante. But Rocinante is not exactly cut out for life as a knight’s horse. He’s tired from years of farm work. He’s unlikely to be of much help in any fight against an enemy.The heroes in the romances Quijano reads all had a lady to love. They were highborn, like thedaughter, to be his beloved.knights themselves. Quijano chooses Aldonza Lorenzo, a farmer’sShe becomes “Dulcinea del Toboso”, or “the sweet woman of Toboso”. How does Aldonza feelabout Quijano’s attentions? She doesn’t feel much at all, actually. Aldonza is yet anotherbyproduct of Quijano’s imagination, like so many things.Finding a sidekicksecond great creation: Sancho Panza. Once servant in Quijano’s Now comes Cervantes’　house, Panza is promoted to the role of squire （随从）, because every self-respecting knight needsa squire. Panza has a sensible head on his shoulders, and he is a foil （衬托）to his foolish master.The pair faces many adventures, but none are as heroic as a knight’s should be. We laugh, rather than cry, as we read. Quijano tries to act on behalf of justice, but he doesn’t ofteCervantes ’　novel inspired a word that sums up Quijano ’s romantic nature: “quixotic ”.In English we use the word to describe someone who is idealistic but foolish in pursuit of his ideals.It is a mark of Cervantes ’ genius that he was able to identify this trait and personify it using such a great comedic character. We should appreciate him for it on this significant occasion.63. On what occasion did the author write this review?A. The 400th anniversary of the publication of Don Quixote .B. An Italian Poet, Dante ’s 800th birth anniversary. C. An English genius, William Shakespeare’s 400th death anniversary. D. Miguel de Cervantes ’ 400th anniversary of his death. 64. Which role is Alonso Quijano most likely to identify with?A. Miguel de Cervantes.B. Don Quixote de La Mancha.C. Dulcinea del Toboso.D. Sancho Panza.65.What can be inferred from the passage?A. Don Quixote ’s failure of distinguish reality from imagination amuses the readers.B. Quijano manages to bring justice to the world by means of force.C. Quijano is a Spanish aristocrat with great ambition.D. Reading romance novel will make people behave in a foolish way.66.Accordingto the author, readers admire Cervantes and his masterpiecebecause . A.Cervantes is equal to Shakespeare and Dante as a national literary iconB.Quijano ’s adventure is romantic and heroicC. Cervantes has a genius for personifying Quijano’s quixotic nature in a truthful comedy.D. Quijano ’s vivid imagination has brought other minor characters to lifeKeys:63—66DBACFour【2017届上海市长宁区嘉定区高三英语一模】Section BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions orunfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose theone that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read.(C)Not setting homework can be impossible in certain situations. There are many arguments infavour of homework, and most teachers would agree with many, if not all, of thefollowing:homework is a perfect opportunity to go over calmly what was done with the teacher,and rethink and develop that initial input; homework offers a moment for students to work asindividuals and develop learner self-governance outside the classroom;students and parents expecthomework to be set and to be corrected. Nevertheless, the drawbacks that homework may have areoften overlooked.There are two key issues which need to be raised when dealing with the concept ofhomework. Firstly, there is the question of home. Often homework is not done at home at all, buthouse, on the street, on the bus on the way to class or sitting on the step outsideat a friend’sschool before it opens. What’s more, all too often, for it to be done effectively at home, homeworkrequires the participation and involvement of other adults. Parents play a crucial role in a childeducation, but they can’t always be available, for a number of very valid reasons, and a tutorability to aid, guide, encourage and simply organize a son or daughter’s study may be limited in many ways. The implication are upsetting: if homework is crucial to success in class, somechildren have an automatic disability.Considering the second part of the compound noun opens up further questions. If the idea ofhome can be problematic, so too can the concept of work.Again, this will depend enormously on the context but , very often there is a lot of work putin. Demands on their time and attention span(持续时间)and all sorts of other impositions meanhomework is usually something to get out of the way, to be ticked off as done, with the exercisescompleted as fast as possible. It is not always seen as useful times spent developing andstrengthening what is done in class but, rather, as something quickly finished to keep the teacherat bay. It might be correct or not, copied from a friend or cut and pasted from the internet, but theimportant thing is that a teacher sees the exercise completed and, as a result, the task achieved:how much effort went into that result is not always appreciated or easy to evaluate and, even When work clearly falls below standard, and the mere fact of its having been done is oftengood enough. Teacher and students are happy because everyone has officially fulfilled their commitment.The ideal that students go home, think back to what they did with their teacher, use the great resources their books and the internet provide to revise, reflect and put everything they have seenin class in place, into action, into practice, does not often happen with some students.62. Which of the following is not among the advantages of homework according to paragraph 1?A. Solidifying the knowledge and skills learnt in class.B. Developing the ability of the independent learning.C. Building a closer teacher-student relationship.D. Meeting the requirements of students and parents.63. Speaking of the significant impact of homework u pon children’s success in class, some are just inferior to others because_______.A. their tutors are not always available to support themB. they are born without the ability to deal with conceptsC. their family circumstances limit their learning abilityD. some unknown reasons greatly hold up their progress64.“K eep the teacher at bay”(paragragh3) means the way homework is done____.A. imposes enormous meaningless evaluating work on teachersB. blocks teachers from knowing more about their studentsC. displays the great efforts students make to satisfy their teachersD. shows achievements teachers expect to accomplish in their work65. What can be inferred from the passage?A. Homework is hardly functioning as is naturally expected.B. Parents need to stand away from their children’s homework.C. Students prefer doing homework elsewhere instead of at home.first concern.D. The quality of homework is usually teachers’66.Which of the following might be the best title of the passage？A. Are you ready for homework yet?B. Is there a way out for homework?C. Home and Work: it’s hard to combine.D. Homework or No homework: it is your choice.Keys:62-66 CCBABFive【2017届上海市徐汇区高三英语一模】Section BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions orunfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A. B. C and D. Choose theone that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(C）Until 1964 most forms of gambling were illegal in the United States. Since then, however,more and more stales have legalized gambling in order to raise income. The U. S. gambling industryhave nowhas gone from an attitude of “prohibition” to one of “promotion”, as all but five states legalized gambling as a solution to their depressed economies.Most states in the United States now depend on incomes from state lotteries (博彩）and usethem for good causes, such as improving public education, maintaining slate parks, and developing environmental programs.State governments maintain that the voluntary contribution of funds through state lotteries ispreferable to increase state sales or income taxes, and the residents of states using the lottery systemtend to support this. The gaming industry has also benefited some of the nation's poorest citizens:Native Americans. The U. S. government ruled in 1988 that slates could not tax the revenues earnedby gambling on Native American reservations. Having taken advantage of this ruling an opencosmos (赌场）on their reservations, many Native Americans moved from a life of poverty to a lifeof wealth.Although there are many advantages to legalized gambling, there has also been a good deal ofcriticism of state-supported gambling. As states increase their support of state lotteries, they seem toencourage commercial gambling in all its forms. About 50 percent of the U. S. population plays thelottery, according to a study by the University of Chicago. This trend has led to an increase inhabitual gambling. More than 5 million Americans suffer from gambling addiction. Those most atrisk of becoming addicted include the poor, young people between twelve and eighteen years old, and women over the age of fifty, who are looking for some entertainment. As a result, many of them will end up in prison or even homeless. The promise of winning big fortune has created big problems.Perhaps the most important concern is the moral issue of legalized gambling. The lottery is the only form of gambling that is essentially a government control. Critics ask whether gambling is a proper function of government. Should the government be the spokesman for the expansion of gambling? Critics say state advertising of lotto emphasizes luck over hard work, instant happiness over careful planning and entertainment over savings. The traditional work ethic (道德准则) is being devalued by the pipedream of striking it rich, and this is sending confusing messages to young people.In 1996, Congress created a commission to conduct a legal study of the social and economic impacts of gambling in the United States. After two years of study, the Commission recommended an end to the expansion of legalized gambling and a ban on Internet gambling. Some feel this will severely hurt the gambling industry. Others fear that it is not enough and are asking the government to take a tough stand against gambling.61.According to the passage, we know that _______ .A.any forms of gambling were banned before 1964 in the USAB.the economical problems led to the rise of gambling industry in the USAC.all American stales have legalized gambling since 1964D.only five states have now legalized gambling because of the depressed economies62.Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?A.State lottery system helps to raise money to improve people's public welfare.B. Gambling industry helps to change the American way of life.C. Gambling industry helps to improve the life of some poor Native Americans.D. State lottery system helps to increase state sales or income taxes.65.What is the author most concerned about?A.The expanding of the gambling industry.B.The suffering of the gambling-addicted people.C.The moral problems brought about by the legalized gambling.D.The disadvantage of Internet gambling.。

2017上海高考英语一模---翻译部分

上海高考英语一模：翻译部分青浦区：.中午地欢迎会已推迟到下周三.().专家建议推销活动要面向农村地区.().每年八月这个摄影师都去海外寻找美丽地瞬间.().无论是短途旅行还是参加体育比赛，你最好把健康保险考虑在内.()..., ’.宝山区：. 顾客购物时总是注重品牌形象.（）. 我再也抑制不住看篮球比赛地冲动.（）. 这本书备受推崇地原因是它给人以希望和启迪.（……）. 她地有关个人奋斗地演讲很真诚，让我们感动得几乎流泪.（………）....崇明区：. 你是否赞成为贫困学生设立一项基金？（). 不可否认地是上海迪斯尼乐园每天人满为患.（). 那个专门研究家庭教育地教授将受邀给这些家长做讲座.（). 垃圾分类不仅有助于环境保护还有利于废物循环利用，所以人人要行动起来.（) ?.., , .奉贤区：.环保组织呼叮公众投票反对这个项目.().人生最重要地不是我们置身何处，而是我们将前往何处.().只有充分利用你遇到地每个机会，你才能实现自己地梦想.（).随着各种支付方式地出现，许多人越来越担心地是，和现金或信用卡相比，他们地电子钱包是否足够安全.（)., .., , .虹口区：.干嘛不去看场电影放松一下自己？（）.全市所有地公园都应对市民免费开放.（）.杰克难得去老师那儿寻求帮助，他觉得自学会使自己受益更多.（）.现代互联网技术地发展越先进，人们在现实生活中地人际关系可能就会越疏远.（）?., ., ’.黄浦区：.这款手表不防水.().这是他第一次出国，是吗？().他从来都是毫不犹豫地提出那些他认为对别人有帮助地批评.().这篇文章值得下载，它不仅给读者提供了很多该课程地相关信息，而且还有大量地实用网址.()., ’ ?., .静安区：.互联网经济在为中国地国内外贸易提供新地机遇.( ).这段分钟地视频上传网上只有两小时，就有成千上万地人观看过.( ).就孩子报考哪所大学，很多父母煞费苦心地做仔细调查，咨询专家.( ).有时我们发现自己处于这样地窘境：即便觉得自己所做地不对，也要勉强为之.( ) ’..., .普陀区：.三轮激烈地电视辩论之后，当选为美国总统.（).无论多忙，我们都应该花点时间锻炼身体.（).手机在人们日常生活中起着如此重要地作用，没有人敢不带手机去旅行.（...).最近上映地这部电影旨在唤起公众对于边防警察地关注，他们冒着生命危险，不惜一切代价捍卫国家尊严.（), ., .’.’ .徐汇区：.我以为你会和我一起乘高铁去北京.().每月她都会留出一部分钱以备不时之需.( ).站在山顶，极目远望，大自然地壮美让我们惊叹不已.().被称为“发展中国家”并不一定是坏事，只有这样我们才能永远在发展地路上前进，追求更为高远地目标.().., .“”, .杨浦区：. 为了赶时髦，一些年轻人花费一个月地工资去购买新发行地电子产品.(). 人们理所当然地认为颜值高地人有可能受到雇主地青睐.(). 网购存在风险，因此下单之前地深思熟虑有助于避免不必要地损失.(). 消息传来在新西兰发生地震后，中国政府立即租用直升机实施救援，为此国人感到十分自豪.(), .’., ., .嘉定区：. 保持身体健康是硬道理.（）. 货到后，你应该立即付款.（）. 圣诞节来临，购物中心里人潮涌动，这已经不足为奇了.（）. 据真实故事改编地电影“深海浩劫”（), 以其逼真地特效，吸引了许多观众.（）..., , .松江区：.任何为实现梦想而付诸行动地人都应受到尊敬.（).他高中一毕业就迫不及待地出国旅游去了. ().听到两位宇航员安然无恙地返回地球地消息，人们欣喜若狂.().务必保管好你地密码，否则别人会获取你储存在电脑中地重要信息. ().’., ., .金山区：.她经常在周末带她儿子去音乐会，让他受到艺术地熏陶.（）.我做梦也想不到会在这次化学竞赛中获一等奖.（）.对于越来越多地城市居民而言，有车意味着得拼命去找一个停车位.().有些动物灭绝地原因是它们无法适应新地环境，因此我们必须注意保持生态平衡.（）, .., .’, .闵行区：.你认为谁该为这起严重地事故负责？().他伤得很严重，应该马上送医院.(...).不管学生提出什么问题，这位老师总是耐心回答.().这款电子产品存在严重地质量问题，几乎无消费者问津.().这家饭店虽然地段不佳，但因菜肴丰富，服务优良而深受食客青睐.()?., .., .浦东新区：.解除病人地痛苦是医生地职责.().先进地电脑技术正在逐渐改变我们地购物方式.().大多数孩子很少与父母和老师之外地成年人有密切地接触，他们对大人地生活鲜有概念.().志愿者活动不仅能使青少年学到如何帮助残疾人，还可以提高他们与陌生人合作地意识.( …)’’ ..., ’.。

上海市普陀区2017-2018学年高三第一学期期终调研测试英语试题

上海市普陀区2017-2018学年高三第一学期期终调研测试英语试题考生注意：普陀区 2017 学年第一学期高三英语质量调研英语试卷1.考试时间 120 分钟，试卷满分 140 分。

2.本次考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。

所有答題必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。

3.答題前，务必在答題纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码貼在指定位置上, 在答题纸反面清楚地填写姓名。

I.ListeningComprehension Section A10%Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1.A. Mother and child. B. Teacher and student.C. Husband and wife.D. Boss and secretary.2.A. They like reading today’s paper.B.They are interested in today’s paper.C.They found nothing interesting in today’s paper.D.They have no idea what the paper is about.3.A. In the concert. B. In the theatre. C. In the exhibition. D. In the studio.4.A. Getting ready to board a plane.B.Queuing up for the check-in.C.Meeting friends at the arrivals.D.Waiting at the baggage claim area.5.A. The man doesn’t care which colour is chosen.B.The woman prefers the colour.C.The man is concerned about the colour.D.The man intends to choose a different colour.6.A. Doing a lot of homework. B. Staying focused in class.C. Sleeping for a short break.D. Devoting all her spare time to learning.7.A. He was chairman of the club.B.He wanted to learn a new language.C.He wanted to know more about the club.D.He was interested in international advertisement.8.A. The man should work hard. B. The man should turn down the job offer.C. The man may have another chance.D. The man can apply for the job again.9.A. Its ending is not good enough. B. Its structure is not satisfying.C. It deserves an award.D. It is good except for the writing skills.10.A. She likes watching instead of playing. B. She is a good team sportsplayer.C. She doesn’t like any kind of sports.D. She likes taking part in teamsports.Section B 15%Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. It contains protein. B. It contains water.C. It helps the brain work properly.D. A full stomach leads to a good sleep.12. A. Sleep helps the brain control the senses.B.Sleep promotes rest.C.Sleep helps the brain revise and store information.D.Sleep reduces tiredness.13. A. Factors related to memory development. B. The importance of a goodmemory.C. The importance of improving memory.D. The misery caused by a poor memory.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following weather forecast.14. A. Mountainous Area. B. Northern Europe.C. Eastern Europe.D. Southern Europe.15. A. Snowy. B. Cloudy.C. Rainy.D. Fine.16. A. Northern parts of the Mediterranean.B.Eastern parts of the Mediterranean.C.Central parts of the Mediterranean.D.Southern parts of the Mediterranean.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. A university tutor. B. An insurance adviser.C. An overseas study officer.D. A visa officer.18. A. It is purchased in the country you will travel.B.It provides just a few kinds of medical services.C.It provides doctors who may speak your native language.D.It offers sufficient cash to pay the entire bill on the spot.19. A. It must be purchased in one’s home country before going abroad.B.It does not cover the minor medical expenses.C.It only recommends native doctors when you are aboard.D.It features personal paying first and getting money later.20. A. Consult other insurance companies.B.Buy the student health insurance.C.Get the international travel insurance.D.Choose neither insurance since it is not a must.II.Grammar and vocabularySection A 10%Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Recreational Vehicles (房车): On the RoadRecreational vehicles (RVs) are a typically American invention. Nationally, sales rose to 430,000 units last year, a 40-year high. At the inexpensive end, they sell for as little as $5,000 for a caravan (大篷车); deluxe versions cost up to $1,000,000 and are typically equipped with a bedroom,kitchen and bathroom that are bigger than ones in many European flats. The share prices of Thor Industries, the biggest RV-manufacturer in America, and Winnebago, the third-largest, (21) _ (rise) by 43% and 17%, respectively so far.That is a big change. During the 2008-09 recession, notes Mr. Troiano, the owner of Continental RV, RV dealerships everywhere closed down, leaving his shop among the very few (22) (leave) serving the New York metropolitan area. Mr. Troiano is on track (23) (sell) more RVs this year than in any other since the early 2000s. The current rebound ( 反弹 ) is mostly(24) the economy’s recovery, but it also springs from the fact that new types of customer are embracing the lifestyle.A decade ago, the average age of an RV-owner was 49, and over 90% were white, says Kevin Broom of the Recreational Vehicle Industry Association (RVIA), which doesn’t indicate a bright future. Another boost comes from sufficient immigrants, (25) are keen to experience long, self-planned road trips in America. Mr. Troiano’s most recent big sale was to (26) rich Asian family.The industry hopes that its poor record with foreign sales —last year lessthan 1% of RVs produced domestically (27) (ship) to foreign markets —may improve, too. China’s government, for example, has planned to build 2,000 campgrounds by 2020, up from an estimated 300 today, in a bid to promote domestic tourism,particularly to remote rural regions. Chinese firms such as Yutong Bus make RVs, but not of the quality that many Chinese want. The country imported 1,000 vehicles last year, over half of them American.RV manufacturers are also marketing the concept (28) their motor homes can be commercial as well as leisure vehicles. They (29) allowtravelling salesmen, businessmen to save on food and hotel costs. (30) y ou park it, it can be your office, as well as your home.Section B 10%Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Training the Brain to Hear BetterThe din （喧嚣）of a loud restaurant or party can make conversationdifficult for anyone —but for the elderly, these settings can make it nearly impossible. The mechanics of hearing31 with age, but the latest research focuses on another part of the problem — the slower32 speed of aging brains, which have to work harder to translate sound into intelligible(可理解的) language.Research shows that musicians are better able to pick out speech from surrounding noise as they age compared to non-musicians ．And a new study of auditory training with a 33 _ available brain training program suggests that most people who are hard of hearing can develop the same skills ．The scientists showed that people trained for 40 hours over 8 weeks with PositScience’s “Brain Fitness” were able to pick out 41% more words from background noise compared to those who watched educational DVDs and were quizzed on their 34 after the same amount of time ．The authors received no funding from the makers of the program; the study was35 by the National Institutes of Health.The research included 67 older adults between 55 and 70, with an average age of 63．The auditory training came in the form of 36 hearing tasks that primed the participants to hear better by requiring them to identify various speech sounds and 37 between similarsounding syllables (音节), for example, as well as repeating back words and remembering stories ．Both those who received the training and those who watched the DVDs were tested on short term memory, brain processing speed and the ability to hear speech in noisy settings ．All of the participants showed improvement in these three 38 , but for the first time, the scientists also documented that the sharper hearing was _39 by earlier signaling in the brainstem.As the authors write in their paper, the training not only improved the ability to decode speech in noisy situations, but also sped up the brain’s ability to 40 to the sound — bringing it to more “youthful’’ levels ．III. Reading ComprehensionSection A 15%Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases markedA. accompaniedF. distinguish B. commerciallyG. fundedH. measures C. computerizedI. potentially D. contents E. declineJ. processingK. respondA, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Depression: Second Biggest Cause of Disability in the World Depression is the second most common cause of disability worldwide after back pain, according to a review of research. The disease must be treated as a global public health 41 , experts report in the journal PLOS Medicine. The study 42 clinical depression with more than 200 other diseases and injuries as a cause of disability. Globally, only a small proportion of patients have 43 to treatment, the World Health Organization says.Depression was 44 at number two as a global cause of disability, but its impact varies in different countries and regions.45 , rates of major depression were highest in Afghanistan and lowest in Japan. In the UK, depression was rated at number three 46 years lived with a disability.Dr. Alize Ferrari fro m the University of Queensland’s School of Po pulation Health led the study. “Depression is a big problem and we 47 need to pay more attention to it than we are now,” she told BBC News. There’s still more work to be done in arousing awareness of the disease and also in48 successful ways of treating it.“The burden is different between countries, so it tends to be higher in low and middle income countries and 49 in high income countries.” Policy-makers had made an effort to bring depression to the forefront, but there was alot more work to be done, sh e added. “There’s lots ofstigma (病症) we know 50 with mental health,” she explained.“What one person recognizes as disabling might be different to another person and might be different across countries as well. There are lots of cultural 51 and interpretations that come in place, which makes it all the more important to 52 awareness of the size of the problem and also signs and how to 53 it.”The data —for the year 2010 —follows similar studies in 1990 and 2000 looking at the global burden of depression.Commenting on the study, Dr. Daniel Chisholm, a health economist at the department for mental health and substance abuse at the World Health Organization s aid depression was a very disabling condition. “It’s a big public health 54 and a big problem to be r eflected on but not enough is being done.” Around the world only a tiny 55 of people get any sort of treatment or diagnosis.The WHO recently launched a global mental health action plan to raise awareness among policy-makers.41.A. concern B. issue C. priority D. discussion42.A. compared B. combined C. confused D. contacted43.A. objection B. access C. adaptation D. contribution44.A. considered B. evaluated C. determined D. ranked45.A. For example B. In addition C. In other words D. All in all46.A. in regard of B. in name of C. in terms of D. in face of47.A. probably B. definitely C. significantly D. randomly48.A. coming up with B. making up C. putting up with D. consisting of49.A. severer B. heavier C. lighter D. lower50.A. related B. associated C. relevant D. close51.A. ingredients B. interactions C. implications D. identities52.A. remove B. recreate C. raise D. rise53.A. avoid B. treat C. cure D. detect54.A. challenge B. agreement C. prediction D. outcome55.A. amount B. proportion C. quantity D. populationSection B 22%Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Digital Etiquette(礼节)Digital Etiquette, or netiquette, is a set of rules for how to behave online. It’s a lot like life etiquette, which is basically having good manners and treating others with re spect. It’s just asimportant in our digital lives, including how we act in online games or how we communicate in emails, texts, instant messages and on social networking websites. All of these platforms let us talk and share instantly wherever we are.Unfortunately, some people can lose control the second they jump online.When they disagree with someone, or have strong feeling about a topic, they end up saying stuff they’d never say in person! They may send ruder emails and IMs or try to start arguments o n message boards. That’s called flaming, and it can lead to full-on flamewars, insulting arguments between two or more users.On the Internet, it’s pretty easy to stay anonymous, or unidentified. Having a secret identity to hide behind can makepeople pretty brave. And whenall they see of you is screen name or a funny icon, they might forget that they’re dealing with a real human being!The principle is simple: Just like in real life, you should treat other people the way you want to be treated. You wouldn’t want somebody to be rude to you, so don’t be rude to anyone else.Of course, netiquette isn’t just about being nice; it’s also about communicating clearly. That means keeping emails and IMs clear, and to the point. It also means making your messages easy to read and understand, which can depend on your audience. For instance, some abbreviations and emoticons may be fine with friends. But they’re generally not appropriate in formal co mmunication. And whatever you do, don’t write in all capital letters! Wr iting in all caps makes it seem like you’re yelling.Lastly, make sure you ask permission before posting anything about your friends on a blog or a social networking site. People’s per sonal information is private, and you can really ruin relationships if you post something that a friend —or a friend’s parents —don’t want on the web. And keep in mind that the Internet is not a private place; if you wouldn’t want a parent, teacher or future employer to see something you post, don’t post it!56.According to the passage, the users of social media are advised .A.to trigger arguments on message boardsB.to behave online with common courtesyC.to be respectful of others online rather than offlineD.to apply abbreviations and emoticons as many as possible57.Why might an anonymous Internet user feel bold enough to say horrible thingsin response to a blog post?A.Because he can make more friends if he says mean things.B.Because he knows his friends will recognize him and think better of him.C.Because he can insult others and not worry about revenge.D.Because he can impress older, smarter people with his remarks.58.Which of the following is the best way to text your uncle to say you’ll beback in an hour?A. B.C. D.Recycling at work - handy hints to employers59. Which of the following is a clear rule about posting photos online?A. If you take a photograph, it is yours to do as you please online.B. Information about your friends, including photographs, is private.C. It’s illegal to post pictures online witho ut permission from people in the pictures.D. You should always avoid posting images on the internet.(B)Recycling at work - handy hints toemployersIt is estimated that avoidable waste costs UK businesses up to 4.5% of their annual revenue. Reducing waste in the workplace is about being efficient. By becoming more efficient, businessesnot only increase profits but they also save natural resources.Setting up a company schemeGet everyone involvedArouse awareness internally within the company, perhaps by putting up educational posters. ?Appoint a person to be the point of contact for anyone with queries (问讯). There are also a couple of ways to increase motivation:Hold internal competitions between different departments. For example, see which can reduce their waste the most within a specific time period. ? Send out regular newsletters reporting on all waste improvements. Staff will then seethe impact their actions are having.PaperWhat to recycle and how ? According to a recent survey, 65% of waste produced is paper waste. Waste paper will inevitably be produced in the workplace, but it is not necessary to discard it. It can serve a variety of purposes before it is recycled, such as writing notes. Envelopes too can be reused for internal mail.Plastic cupsRather than supplying disposable plastic cups in your workplace, get ceramic mugs that can be reused. Not only do they make your tea taste better, but they can reduce your office waste by up to 10%!Electrical equipmentRather than giving up on any old electrical equipment and just throwing it away, why not try upgrading it? This reduces waste, as well as avoiding the need to manufacture a newmachine - a process which creates a large amount of waste. You could also consider donating your old computers to charities whenit comes to replacing them.60.What can the employer distribute to motivate staff to recycle more?/doc/d6*******.htmlcational posters.B. Annual reports.C. Regular newsletters.D. Competition rules.61.What can be bought to cut down on the waste produced by staff refreshments?A.Disposable goods.B. Writing notes.C. Envelopes.D. Ceramic tableware.62.Which of the following is NOT included in the hints?A.Unwanted PCs can be sent to charities if the company has to buy new ones.B.Waste paper can be used as envelopes for internal mails before being thrownaway.C.One of the staff should be assigned to be responsible for the recyclingissue./doc/d6*******.htmlcational posters can be displayed in the workplace to publicize therecycling scheme.(C)Given how valuable intelligence and automation are, we will continue to improve our technology if we are at all able to. At a certain point, we will build machines that are smarter than we are. Once we have machines that are smarter than we are, they will begin to improve themselves. And then we risk what the mathematician IJ Good called an “intelligence explosion”. The process could get out of control.The concern is really that we will build machines that are much more competent than we are. And the slightest divergence between their goals and our own could destroy us. Just think about how we relate to ants. We don’t hate them. We don’t go out of our way to harm them. In fact, sometimes we take pains not to harm them. We step over them on the sidewalk. But whenever their presence seriously conflicts with one of our goals, we will kill them without hesitation. The concern is that we will one day build machines that, whether they’re conscious or not, could treat us with similar disregard.The bare fact is that we will continue to improve our intelligent machines. We have problems that we desperately need to solve. So we will do this, if we can. The train is already out of the station, and there’s no brake to pul l. If we build machines that are more intelligent than we are, they will very likely develop in ways that we can’t imagine, and exceed us in ways that we can’t imagine.So imagine we hit upon a design of superintelligent AI that has no safety concerns. This machine would be the perfect labor-saving device. It can design the machine that can build the machine which can do any physical work, powered by sunlight, more or less for the cost of raw materials. So we’re talking aboutthe end of human labour. We’re also talking ab out the end of most intellectual work. So what would apes like ourselves do in this circumstance?What would some nations do if they heard that some company in Silicon Valley was about to deploy ( 配置) a superintelligent AI? This machine would be capable of starting war, whether terrestrial (陆地的) or cyber, with unbelievable power.Given that the companies and governments building superintelligent AI arelikely to perceive(感知) themselves as being in a race against all others, and that to win thisrace is to win the world, it seems likely that whatever is easier to do will get done first unless it is destroyed in the next moment.But the moment we admit that information processing is the source of intelligence, we have to admit that we are in the process of building some sort of god. Now would be a good time to make sure it’s a god we can live with.63.When an intelligent machine becomes smarter than humanity, .A.it will make itself better and may go beyond human controlB.it will help people to the fullest, especially in physical workC.it will threaten people by robbing them of jobsD.it will view itself as human race。

2020年2020届上海市普陀区2017级高三一模考试英语试卷及解析

2020年2020届上海市普陀区2017级高三一模考试英语试卷★祝考试顺利★(解析版)考生注意：1. 考试时间120分钟,试卷满分140分。

2. 本次考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。

所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上,做在试卷上一律不得分。

3. 答题前,务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名,并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上, 在答题纸反面清楚地填写姓名。

I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. She is going to Thailand. B. She is going on vacation.C. She likes collecting postcards.D. She has traveled all over the world.2. A. To go out to have a cup of coffee. B. To enjoy the coffee in the office.C. To make a cup of coffee for him.D. To help him finish the program.3. A. In a civil court. B. In a cybercafé. C. At a sports club. D. At a theat re.4. A. Engineering. B. Geography. C. Math. D. Physics.5. A. 14:00. B. 17:00 C. 18:00. D: 19:00.6. A. The man will pick up Professor Rice at her office.B. The man didn’t expect his paper to be graded so soon.C. Professor Rice has given the man a very high grade.D. Professor Rice won’t see her student in her office.7. A. She had to be a liar sometimes. B. She is required to be slim.C. She had little chance for promotion.D. Her salary is not satisfactory.8. A. There was no park nearby. B. The woman hasn’t seen the film yet.C. The weather wasn’t ideal for a walk.D. It would be easier to go to the cinema. 9. A. Dr. White comes from Greece. B. The woman couldn't understand Greek at all. C. The woman didn’t follow the professor’s explanation.D. Dr. White talked about the geography of Greece yesterday. 10. A. It is more comfortable and convenient to take a bus. B. It is worth the money taking a plane to Vancouver. C. It is not always more expensive going by air. D. It is faster to go to Vancouver by bus. Section B Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation,and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. Babies have the ability to learn before birth.B. Newborn babies are influenced by mothers’ ability.C. Newborn babies can recognize the sounds of their mother.D. Babies only want food and to be kept warm and dry.12. A. By 18 months of age. B. By 6 months of age.C. By two years of age.D. By one year of age.13. A. They can recognize the different surroundings.B. They can identify the sounds of the mother tongue.C. They can imitate the sounds of the second language.D. They can differ the sounds of two different languages.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. To form an official league team. B. To join the Organization Earth.C. To win the world championship.D. To compete with Greece’s best teams.15. A. A luxurious life is no longer a dream.B. Life in the refugee camp is at times tense.C. The players care more about their racial identity.D. There are fewer fights between people of different races.16. A. Organization Earth is composed of refugees.B. The love for the football brings the refugees together.C. Greek government provides support for football training.D. Hope Refugee United has beaten the Greece’s best team.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. A tourist guidebook. B. An annual traveler report.C. A travelling magazine.D. An airport ranking list.18. A. 3 weeks. B. 13 days. C. 31 hours. D. 3 hours.19. A. To illustrate the poor service.B. To state the cause of the delay.C. To praise the kindness of other passengers.D. To complain about the position of the Gate.20. A. They provide useless directions and services.B. They are completely indifferent to travelers’ needs.C. They are extremely caring abou t passengers’ safety.D. They provide the wrong address of the nearby hospital.II. Grammar and vocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passagecoherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Surprise! A New PenguinA team of scientists in New Zealand recently came across the remains of a previously unknown species of penguin—by mistake. The discovery of the Waitaha penguin species, which has been extinct for 500 years, is exciting news for the scientific community ___1___ it gives new insight into how past extinction events can help shape the present environment.The researchers uncovered the Waitaha penguin remains while studying New Zealand’s rare yellow-eyed penguin. The team wanted to investigate the effects ___2___ humans have had on the now endangered species. They studied centuries-old bones from ___3___ they thought were yellow-eyed penguins and compared them with the bones of modern yellow-eyed penguins. Surprisingly, some of the bones were older than ___4___ (expect). Even more shockingly, the DNA in the bones indicated that they did not belong to yellow-eyed penguins. The scientists concluded that these very old bones ___5___ have belonged to a previously unknown species, which they named the Waitaha penguin.By studying the bones, scientists further concluded that the Waitaha penguin was once native ___6___ New Zealand. But after the settlement of humans on the island country, its population ___7___ (wipe) out.Based on the ages of the bones of both penguin species, the team discovered a gap in time between the disappearance of the Waitaha and the arrival of the yellow-eyed penguin. The time gap indicates that the extinction of the Waitaha penguin created the opportunity for the yellow-eyed penguin population ___8___ (migrate) to New Zealand.___9___ yellow-eyed penguins thrived （兴盛） in New Zealand for many years, that species now also faces extinction. The yellow-eyed penguin today is considered one of the world’s ___10___ (rare) species of penguin, with an estimated population of 7,000 that is now the focus of an extensive conservation effort in New Zealand.【答案】1. because/since/as2. that/ which3. what4. expected5. must6. to7. was wiped8. to migrate9. Though/ Although/While10. rarest本文是一篇说明文,介绍了科学家发现了已经灭绝了500年的怀塔哈企鹅物种以及这一发现的意义。

上海市2017届各区高三英语一模汇编：阅读理解C篇(带答案精准校对)

1---虹口区Section BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(C)A group of college students is hoping to place a satellite powered only by water into an orbit (轨道) around the moon.The students are from Cornell University in thestate of New York. They are taking part in a competitioncalled the Cube Quest Challenge. It is a program ofNASA, the American space agency. The Cornell team iscalled the CisLunar Explorers. The word cislunar means“between the earth and the moon.”The challenge is simple: to design, build and deliver “flight-qualified, small satellites.” NASA off icials say the satellites must be able to perform “advanced operations near and beyond the moon.”Ten teams are taking part in the competition. But the CisLunar Explorer satellites are different. They are the only ones using water to power their spacecraft.The idea for a water-powered vehicle came from Mason Peck, who works at Cornell University. He once worked as NASA’s chief technologist. He has always wanted to use something other than rockets to push spacecraft beyond earth. “A lot of the mass we send into orbit these days is in the form of rockets -- the only way we get anything into space,” he said, in a Cornell press release. “But what if we could use what’s already there? If we could do that, if we could re-fuel spacecraft while they’re already in space...”The spacecraft is shaped like the English letter L. It measures about 30 centimeters in length, and the two pieces are connected. Water is stored in the lower part of the satellite. The sun will separate the water into two elements: hydrogen and oxygen. When one combines hydrogen and oxygen with a spark (火花), an explosion results. This provides a forward movement, known as thrust.The CisLunar Explorer team has an unusual way to guide its spacecraft. The idea is to copy how old-time sailors used the moon, sun and stars to fix their position on the oceans. The satellite is equipped with cameras. The cameras will take pictures of the sun, the earth and the moon and compare their positions and their sizes. Based on where the sun, moon and earth are at any given time, the CisLunar Explorers will do the mathematics to find their position.The competition is being held in four parts. The Cornell team has been among the top three competitors during parts one and two. The winners of the third stage will be announced in about a month. The final three winners will be announced in early 2017. They will get to ride on NASA’s space launch system in early 2018.63. The essential part of the competition “the Cube Quest Challenge” is ______.A. to launch a satellite to take a watery flight to the moonB. to design, build and deliver a small and flight-qualified satelliteC. to place a satellite powered only by water into an orbit around the moonD. to make the satellite perform advanced operations near and beyond the moon64. What does Mason Peck want to do at Cornell University according to the passage?A. To stop using rockets for the sake of safety.B. To use something already in space as power.C. To try using water in space to push spacecraft.D. To design a water-powered vehicle to push spacecraft.65. It can be inferred from the passage that ______.A. there is a lot of rubbish of rockets and satellites in the orbit these daysB. a water-powered satellite will soon be sent into the orbit around the moonC. the explosion of the combination of hydrogen and oxygen provides powerD. the team members of the CisLunar Explorers are the students of Mason Peck66. What would be the best title of the passage?A. A Spacecraft Powered by WaterB. A Water-Powered Flight to the MoonC. A Competition for Water-Powered SatelliteD. A Design of Water-Powered Space JourneyKeys: 63-66: DBCASection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read.(C)①What does it say about the future of meat when the country’s largest processor of chicken, pork, and beef buys a stake(股份) in a start-up that aims to “perfectly replace animal protein with plant protein”?②Tyson Foods announced this week that it purchased a 5 percent stake in Beyond Meat, the Southern California-based food-tech start-up that made headlines earlier this year with its veggie burger that reportedly cooks and tastes like real beef.③To be sure, Beyond Meat’s meatless creations have yet to take the c ountry by storm. Although the 100 percent plant-based burgers have achieved plenty of positive press since they appeared for the first time in May, so far they’re only available at Whole Foods stores in seven states. Even though the company’s “chicken” strips, “beef” pies, and meatless frozen dinners are available nationwide, Beyond Meat is hardly a household name.④That may be what makes the news of Tyson’s investment all the more noteworthy. While the two companies declined to give details about the deal, it’s doubtful that Tyson’s 5 percent stake made much of dent(凹陷) in the meat giant’s coffers(金库). The company posted $41.4 billion in sales last year; prior to the deal with Tyson, Beyond Meat had reportedly raised $64 million in project capital funding—about what Tyson earns before lunch on any given day.⑤Tyson is doing pretty great. The company reported record third-quarter earnings per share in August and says that it expects overall meat production to increase 2 to 3 percent during the next financial year. But like a big oil company shelling out cash to invest in wind power, Tyson’s toe-in-the-water move to team up with a start-up devoted to bringing more plant-based protein to American dinner tables seems to suggest the meat industry is starting to see which way the winds are blowing.⑥Sales of plant-based protein, which totaled an estimated $5 billion last year, continue to pale compared with the market for meat in America—but vegetarian alternatives to meat arebooming, with sales growing at more than double the rate for food products overall. The steady drumbeat of news about the negative health impacts, environmental problems, and animal welfare concerns associated with meat consumption appears to be sinking in. According to a survey released in April, more than half of Americans surveyed said they plan to eat more plant-based foods in the coming year.63. Beyond Meat’s veggie burger made headlines probably because __________.A. it makes perfect use of animal proteinB. it uses high tech in the making processC. it tastes as good as a genuine beef burgerD. it represents the diet trend in South California64. Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding the state of Beyond Meat?A. It is the creator of the country’s first 100 percent plant-based burgers.B. It has been well received as its products are available nationwide.C. It is far from being a match to real food processing giants like Tyson.D. It provides high-quality dining experience in selected Whole Foods stores.65. What can we infer from paragraph 4?A. The purchase of the stake barely costs a thing for Tyson.B. The 5 percent stake in Beyond Meat means a lot to Tyson.C. Tyson’s investment hasn’t caught the attention of the media as expected.D. Tyson is relying on this investment to raise more project capital funding.66. What does the passage mainly talk about?A. Meat will still take over the market in spite of other alternatives.B. A major American meat company is betting on plant-based protein.C. Tyson and Beyond Meat work together to build a global meat giant.D. Plants have been found to contain protein that does more good to human beings.Keys: 63-66 CCABSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read.(C)Spain’s Literary GeniusFour centuries ago, the author of one of the greatest comedic characters in the world literature took his last breath. Miguel de Cervantes (1547-1616), the author of Don Quixote, is to the Spanish what Shakespeare is to the English and Dante is to Italians - a national literary icon.Cervantes’ book is still appreciated today, hundreds of years after its publication, because it’s a wonderfully truthful comedy. Don Quixote, like human beings generally, has great difficulty distinguishing reality from imagination. Readers may laugh at his strange behavior, but when we laugh, we laugh with recognition.The book records the adventures of Alonso Quijano, an older Spanish gentleman who loves romance novels. In truth, he reads far too many romances, and they have affected his mind. Quijano is so mixed up that he decides that he must become a knight himself. Imagine a comic book fan who decides to dress up as a superhero to fight crime, and you’ll get the picture.Setting the sceneAlonso Quijano reinvents himself as “Don Quixote de La Mancha”, an aristocratic（贵族的）name that suits his ambition of being a knight. Next, since every knight needs a horse, he finds himself an old one named Rocinante. But Rocinante is not exactly cut out for life as a knight’s horse. He’s tired from years of farm work. He’s unlikely to be of much help in any fight against an enemy.The heroes in the romances Quijano reads all had a lady to love. They were highborn, like the knights the mselves. Quijano chooses Aldonza Lorenzo, a farmer’s daughter, to be his beloved. She becomes “Dulcinea del Toboso”, or “the sweet woman of Toboso”. How does Aldonza feel about Quijano’s attentions? She doesn’t feel much at all, actually. Aldonza is yet an other byproduct of Quijano’s imagination, like so many things.Finding a sidekickNow comes Cervantes’ second great creation: Sancho Panza. Once servant in Quijano’s house, Panza is promoted to the role of squire（随从）, because every self-respecting knight needs a squire. Panza has a sensible head on his shoulders, and he is a foil（衬托）to his foolish master.The pair faces many adventures, but none are as heroic as a knight’s should be. We laugh, rather than cry, as we read. Quijano tries to act on be half of justice, but he doesn’t often succeed.Cervantes’ novel inspired a word that sums up Quijano’s romantic nature: “quixotic”. In English we use the word to describe someone who is idealistic but foolish in pursuit of his ideals. It is a mark of C ervantes’ genius that he was able to identify this trait and personify it using such a great comedic character. We should appreciate him for it on this significant occasion.63. On what occasion did the author write this review?A. The 400th anniversary of the publication of Don Quixote.B. An Italian Poet, Dante’s 800th birth anniversary.C. An English genius, William Shakespeare’s 400th death anniversary.D. Miguel de Cervantes’ 400th anniversary of his death.64. Which role is Alonso Quijano most likely to identify with?A. Miguel de Cervantes.B. Don Quixote de La Mancha.C. Dulcinea del Toboso.D. Sancho Panza.65.What can be inferred from the passage?A. Don Quixote’s failure of distinguish reality from imagination amuses the readers.B. Quijano manages to bring justice to the world by means of force.C. Quijano is a Spanish aristocrat with great ambition.D. Reading romance novel will make people behave in a foolish way.66.According to the author, readers admire Cervantes and his masterpiece because .A.Cervantes is equal to Shakespeare and Dante as a national literary iconB.Quijano’s adventure is romantic and heroicC. Cervantes has a genius for personifying Quijan o’s quixotic nature in a truthful comedy.D. Quijano’s vivid imagination has brought other minor characters to lifeKeys:63—66 DBACSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions orunfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read.(C)Not setting homework can be impossible in certain situations. There are many arguments in favour of homework, and most teachers would agree with many, if not all, of the following:homework is a perfect opportunity to go over calmly what was done with the teacher, and rethink and develop that initial input; homework offers a moment for students to work as individuals and develop learner self-governance outside the classroom;students and parents expect homework to be set and to be corrected. Nevertheless, the drawbacks that homework may have are often overlooked.There are two key issues which need to be raised when dealing with the concept of homework. Firstly, there is the question of home. Often homework is not done at home at all, but at a fri end’s house, on the street, on the bus on the way to class or sitting on the step outside school before it opens. What’s more, all too often, for it to be done effectively at home, homework requires the participation and involvement of other adults. Parent s play a crucial role in a child’s education, but they can’t always be available, for a number of very valid reasons, and a tutor’s ability to aid, guide, encourage and simply organize a son or daughter’s study may be limited in many ways. The implication are upsetting: if homework is crucial to success in class, some children have an automatic disability.Considering the second part of the compound noun opens up further questions. If the idea of home can be problematic, so too can the concept of work.Again, this will depend enormously on the context but , very often there is a lot of work put in. Demands on their time and attention span(持续时间)and all sorts of other impositions mean homework is usually something to get out of the way, to be ticked off as done, with the exercises completed as fast as possible. It is not always seen as useful times spent developing and strengthening what is done in class but, rather, as something quickly finished to keep the teacher at bay. It might be correct or not, copied from a friend or cut and pasted from the internet, but the important thing is that a teacher sees the exercise completed and, as a result, the task achieved: how much effort went into that result is not always appreciated or easy to evaluate and, even When work clearly falls below standard, and the mere fact of its having been done is often good enough. Teacher and students are happy because everyone has officially fulfilled theircommitment.The ideal that students go home, think back to what they did with their teacher, use the great resources their books and the internet provide to revise, reflect and put everything they have seen in class in place, into action, into practice, does not often happen with some students.62. Which of the following is not among the advantages of homework according to paragraph 1?A. Solidifying the knowledge and skills learnt in class.B. Developing the ability of the independent learning.C. Building a closer teacher-student relationship.D. Meeting the requirements of students and parents.63. Speaking of the significant impact of homework upon children’s success in class, some are just inferior to others because_______.A. their tutors are not always available to support themB. they are born without the ability to deal with conceptsC. their family circumstances limit their learning abilityD. some unknown reasons greatly hold up their progress64.“Keep the teacher at bay”(paragragh3) means the way homework is done____.A. imposes enormous meaningless evaluating work on teachersB. blocks teachers from knowing more about their studentsC. displays the great efforts students make to satisfy their teachersD. shows achievements teachers expect to accomplish in their work65. What can be inferred from the passage?A. Homework is hardly functioning as is naturally expected.B. Parents need to stand away from their children’s homework.C. Students prefer doing homework elsewhere instead of at home.D. The quality of homework is usually teachers’ first concern.66.Which of the following might be the best title of the passage？A. Are you ready for homework yet?B. Is there a way out for homework?C. Home and Work: it’s hard to combine.D. Homework or No homework: it is your choice.Keys:62-66 CCBABSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A. B. C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(C）Until 1964 most forms of gambling were illegal in the United States. Since then, however, more and more stales have legalized gambling in order to raise income. The U. S. gambling industry has gone from an attitude of “prohibition” to one of “promotion”, as all but five states have now legalized gambling as a solution to their depressed economies.Most states in the United States now depend on incomes from state lotteries (博彩）and use them for good causes, such as improving public education, maintaining slate parks, and developing environmental programs.State governments maintain that the voluntary contribution of funds through state lotteries is preferable to increase state sales or income taxes, and the residents of states using the lottery system tend to support this. The gaming industry has also benefited some of the nation's poorest citizens: Native Americans. The U. S. government ruled in 1988 that slates could not tax the revenues earned by gambling on Native American reservations. Having taken advantage of this ruling an open cosmos (赌场）on their reservations, many Native Americans moved from a life of poverty to a life of wealth.Although there are many advantages to legalized gambling, there has also been a good deal of criticism of state-supported gambling. As states increase their support of state lotteries, they seem to encourage commercial gambling in all its forms. About 50 percent of the U. S. population plays the lottery, according to a study by the University of Chicago. This trend has led to an increase in habitual gambling. More than 5 million Americans suffer from gambling addiction. Those most at risk of becoming addicted include the poor, young people between twelve and eighteen years old, and women over the age of fifty, who are looking for some entertainment. As a result, many of them will end up in prison or even homeless. The promise of winning big fortune has created bigproblems.Perhaps the most important concern is the moral issue of legalized gambling. The lottery is the only form of gambling that is essentially a government control. Critics ask whether gambling is a proper function of government. Should the government be the spokesman for the expansion of gambling? Critics say state advertising of lotto emphasizes luck over hard work, instant happiness over careful planning and entertainment over savings. The traditional work ethic (道德准则) is being devalued by the pipedream of striking it rich, and this is sending confusing messages to young people.In 1996, Congress created a commission to conduct a legal study of the social and economic impacts of gambling in the United States. After two years of study, the Commission recommended an end to the expansion of legalized gambling and a ban on Internet gambling. Some feel this will severely hurt the gambling industry. Others fear that it is not enough and are asking the government to take a tough stand against gambling.61.According to the passage, we know that _______ .A.any forms of gambling were banned before 1964 in the USAB.the economical problems led to the rise of gambling industry in the USAC.all American stales have legalized gambling since 1964D.only five states have now legalized gambling because of the depressed economies62.Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?A.State lottery system helps to raise money to improve people's public welfare.B. Gambling industry helps to change the American way of life.C. Gambling industry helps to improve the life of some poor Native Americans.D. State lottery system helps to increase state sales or income taxes.65.What is the author most concerned about?A.The expanding of the gambling industry.B.The suffering of the gambling-addicted people.C.The moral problems brought about by the legalized gambling.D.The disadvantage of Internet gambling.66. In Paragraph 5, the word “pipedream" means _________ .A. wonderful ideaB. creative ideaC. unworkable planD. practical planKEYS: 63-66 BBCCSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(C)Books, Films and PlaysThe novelist’s medium is the written word. O ne might almost say the printed word. Typically the novel is consumed by a silent, individual reader, who may be anywhere at the time. The paperback novel is still the cheapest, most portable and adaptable form of narrative entertainment. It is limited to a single channel of information - writing. The narrative can go, effortlessly, anywhere: into space, people’s head, palaces, prisons and pyramids, without any consideration of cost or practical possibility. In determining the shape and content of his narrative, the writer is restricted by nothing except purely artistic criteria(评判标准). The novelist keeps absolute control over his text until it is published and received by the audience. He may be advised by his editor to revise his text, but if the writer refused to meet this condition no one would be surprised. It is not unknown for a well-established novelist to deliver his or her manuscript(手稿) and expect the publisher to print it exactly as written.However, not even the most well-established playwright or screenplay writer would submit(提交) a script and expect it to be performed without any rewriting. This is because plays and motion pictures are cooperative forms of narrative, using more than one channel of communication.The production of a stage play involves, as well as the words of the author, the physical presence of the actors, their voices and gestures, the “set” and possibly music. Although the script is the essential basis of both stage play and film, it is a basis for subsequent revision negotiated between the writer and the other creative people involved. They are given “approval” of the choice of director and actors and have the right to attend rehearsals(排演), during which period they may undertake more rewriting work. In the case of the screenplay, the writer may have little or no control over the final form of his work. Contracts for the production of plays protect the rights ofauthors in this respect.In film or television work, on the other hand, the screenplay writer has no contractual right to this degree of consultation. While the script is going through its various drafts, the writer is in the driver’s seat, although sometimes receiving criticism from the producer and the director. But once the production is under way, artistic control over the project tends to pass to the director. This is a fact overlooked by most journalistic critics of television drama, who tend to give all the credit or blame for success or failure of a production to the writer and actors, ignoring the contribution, for good or ill, of the director.63. From the first and second paragraph, we know that ________.A. there should be artistic criteria for the novelists to followB. playwright or screenplay writers often have to rewrite their workC. compared with playwrights, novelists are relatively independentD. audience sometimes are the key factors to determine artistic criteria64. Why can the novelist expect the publisher to print the manuscript exactly as written?A. Because the novelist keeps absolute control over his text.B. Because the words in the novel are not difficult for readers.C. Because the novel is limited to a single channel of information - writing.D. Because the novelist is seldom advised by editors to revise the text.65. Which of the following statements is True according to the passage?A. Playwrights envy the simplicity of the novelist’s work.B. Experience in the theatre improves the work of screenplay writers.C. Screenplay writers usually have the final say in how a TV drama will turn out.D. Playwrights are frequently involved in revising their work.66. What can we infer from the last paragraph?A. Screenplay writers should take the success of television drama in their hands.B. Screenplay writers should be more sensitive about their contractual right.C. The directors play a decisive role in the final outcome of television drama.D. Critics of television drama tend to neglect the importance of writer and actors.KEYS: 63-66 CCDCSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.（C）Here amid the steel and concrete canyons, green grass grows. A hawthorn tree(山楂树)stands in new soil, and freshly dug plants bend in the wind.But Chicago City Hall here seems an unlikely spot for a garden of any variety—especially 20,000 square feet of gardens—on its roof.As one of a handful of similar projects around the country, the garden is part of a $1.5 million demonstration projected by the city to reduce its “urban heat islands”, said William Abolt, the commissioner of the Department of Environment.Heat islands-dark surfaces in the city, like rooftops---soak up heat. The retention(滞留）can bake a building, making it hard to cool down.The roof of City Hall, a 90-year-old gray stone landmark on LaSalle Street in the heart of downtown, has been known to reach temperature substantially hotter than the actual temperature on the street below.The garden will provide greenery and shade. "And that,,, t4said the city officials, will save the city dollars on those hot summer days.55 The project savings from cooling is about $4,000 a year on a new roof whose life span is about 50 percent longer than that of a traditional roof.The stretching open-air rooftop garden is being carefully built on amulti-tiered(多展的）bed of special soil, polystyrene（聚苯乙烯）,egg-carton-shaped cones and “waterproof membrane(薄膜)’’ mall to keep the roof from leaking, or caving under the normal combined weight of soil, min and plant life. The design calls for soil depths of 4 inches to 18 inches. When the last plants and seedlings are buried and the last bit of soil is laid, the garden will have circular brick stepping-stones winding up to hills.“The primary focus of what we wan t.to do is to establish this laboratory on the top of City Hall to get people involved and understanding their impact on the environment ;and how the little things can make an impact on the quality of life,,9 Mr. Abolt said, adding that the plants also help。

2017年上海普陀区高三英语一模试卷及答案

普陀区2016学年第一学期髙三英语I.ListeningComprehensionSection A10%Directions：In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard1. A.Relaxed B.Annoyed C. Worried. D. Satisfied2. A. On February 1st. B. On February 2nd. C. On February 3rd D. On February 8th.3. A. A basketball player. B. A laundry worker.C. A window washer.D. A rock climber.4. A. To a stationery shop. B. To a gymnasium.C. To a paint store.D. To a news stand.5. A. Ask for something cheaper B. Buy the purse she really likesC. Protect herself from being hurt.D. Bargain with the shop assistant.6.A. She doesn't plan to continue studying next year.B.She has already told the man about her plan.C.She isn’t planning to leave her university.D.She recently visited a different university7.A. The cafeteria isn’t usually empty B. Dessert is served in the cafeteria.C. The cafeteria is near the library.D. Coffe isn’t allowed in the library.8. A. She lives close to the man B. She changes her mind at last.C. She will turn to her manager.D. She declines the man’s offer.9. A. He doesn't mind helping the woman.B. He'll help if the woman doesn't mind.C. He’ll help if the woman doesn’t mind.D. He can’t help move the cupboard.10. A. The washing machine is totally beyond repair.B.She will help Wendy prepare her annual report.C.Wendy should give priority to writing her report.D.The washing machine should be checked annually.Section B 15%Directions：In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. Because he always fired the waiters.B.Because he followed several waiters.C.Because he was a natural motivator.D.Because he seldom had a bad day.12.Agive advice B. Tell himself to be in a good mood.C. Choose to be a victim.D. Accept so meone’s complaints.13. A. How to be a unique manager.B.We should be curious about unique people.C.Our choices may decide how we live our lives.D.We should do something after we wake up each morning.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. They are very generous in giving gifts.B.They refuse gifts when doing business.C.They regard gifts as a symbol of friendship.D.They give gifts only on special occasions.15. A. They enjoy giving gifts to other people.B.They spend a lot of time choosing gifts.C.They have to follow many specific rules.D.They pay attention to the quality of gifts.16. A. Gift-giving plays an important role in human relationships.B.We must be aware of cultural difference in giving gifts.C.We must learn how to give gifts before going abroad.Reading extensively makes one a better gift-giver.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. She is enjoying her language study.B.She is enjoying her management study.C.She is not feeling very well at the moment.D.She is not happy about her study pressure.18. A. It is challenging. B. It is interesting. C. It is useful. D. It is difficult.19. A. She dislikes the food she eats. B. She is unable to sleep well.C. She finds the rent high.D. She has no chance to make friends.20. A. To try to make more friends.B.To try to change accommodation.C.To spend more time on English.D.To stop attending language classes.II.Grammarand vocabularySection A 10%Directions：After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.The Importance of Accessibility AwarenessAt a recent meeting, people with disabilities talked about their lives. I was amazed to hear about the challenges (21) ___________ (face) by people with physical disabilities. However, (22) amazed me most was the great importance of education about handicap (残障）facilities. Two women who (23) __________ (use) wheelchairs all their life are two important members of the National Group for Disabled Persons, devoted to (24) (raise)awareness about disabilities. They educate about all the facilities for people with disabilities. One big concern is the people who take advantage of aids, such as handicap parking spaces. So people (25) disabilities need to be educated about these facilities. And the meeting focused on educating the public.Some handicap spots have extra room next to them, marked with the “No Parking” signs. “(26)I'm not in the spot, I can take the no-parking area next to it/5 some people say. However, the women (27) use a wheelchair disagree to this. The space exists to allow someone in a wheelchair to have room to get in or out of their car. If there is a car in that space, the handicap parking spot is no longer useful. Some walkways have handrails next to them to help those who require extra assistance. (28) it is a blind person seeking guidance or an elderly person seeking support, the rail is there for walking. Sometimes the rail is blocked, by a parked bicycle for instance, and consequently made useless. As with the parking spot, this is more likely a case of lack of education. People who (29) (inform) of the rail’s use would be less likely to mistake it for a bike rack(停放架).Meetingsome of the people who are affected by the lack of education about facilities made me see that there is work to be done. If more people were educated about the proper uses of accommodations, there would be (30)_______(few) challenges for people with physical disabilities.Section B 10%Directions：Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. gluedB. guiltyC. luxuriousD. portraitE. proudF. reflectedG. removed H. doubts I. reveals J. shadow K. suggestCould It Be a Work by Rembrandt（伦勃朗）Rembrandt is the most famous of the seventeenth-century Dutch painters.However, there are __ 31 ____ whether some paintings attributed (归属）toRembrandt were actually painted by him. One such painting is known as attributed to Rembrandt because of its style, and indeed the represent ation of the woman’s face is very muchlike that of portraits known to be by Rembrandt. Butthere are problems with the painting that ____ 32 ____ it could not be a work byRembrandt.First, there is something inconsistent（不一致） about the way the woman inthe ___ 33 ___ i s dressed. She is wearing a white linen cap of a kind that onlyservants would wear—-yet the coat she is wearing has a _____ 34 ___ fur collar that no servant couldafford. Rembrandt, who was known for his attention to the details of his subjects' clothing, would not have been 35 of such an inconsistency.Second, Rembrandt was a master of painting light and ________ 36 __ , but in this painting theseelements do not fit together. The face appears to be illuminated（照亮）by light ____ 37 ____ o nto it from below. But below the face is the dark fur collar, which would absorb light rather than reflect it. So the face should appear partially in shadow, which is not how it appears. Rembrandt would never have made such an error.Finally, examination of the back of the painting _____ 38 __ that it was painted on a panel madeof several pieces of wood ___39___ together. Although Rembrandt often painted on wood panels (面板)s no painting known to be by Rembrandt was painted in this way.For these reasons, the painting was ____ 40 __ from the official catalog of Rembrandt’s paintingsin the 1930s.III.ReadingComprehensionSection A 15%Directions：For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, Cand D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.A Question of JudgmentHuman beings are, in principle, poor at considering background information when making individual decisions. At first glance, this might seem like a strength that __41__ peoplethe ability to make judgments which are independent of __42__ factors. But in a world of quotas（配额）and limits—__43___, the world in which most professional people operate—Dr. Simonsohn reported in Psychological Science that it was actually a weakness since an inability to consider the big picture was leading decision-makers to be biased(有偏见）by the daily samples they were working with. For example, he supposed that a judge fearful of appearing too soft on crime might be more likely to send someone to prison ___44___he had already sentenced five or six other defendants（被告）only to forced community serviceon that day.To __45_ this idea, Dr. Simonsohn. and his assistants turned their attention to the university-admissions process. Admissions officers interview hundreds of applicants every year,at a rate of 4% a day, and can offer entry to about 40% of them. In theory, the ___46__ of an applicant should not depend on the few others ___47__ randomly for interview during the same day, but Dr. Simonsohn suspected the truth was otherwise.He studied the results of 9,323 MBA interviews ___48___ by 31 admissions officers. The interviewers had rated applicants on a scale of one to five. This scale ___49___ numerous factors, including communication skills, personal drive, team-working ability and personal accomplishments, into consideration. The scores from this rating were ___50___ used in conjunction with an applicant's score on the GMAT, a standardized exam which is __51___ out of 800 points, to make a decision on whether to accept him or her.Dr. Simonsohn found if the score of the previous candidate in a daily series of interviewees was 0.75 points or more higher than that of the one _52_ that, then the score for the next applicant would __53__ by an average of 0.075 points. This might sound small, but to reverse the effects of such a decrease, a candidate would need 30 more GMAT points than would otherwise have been necessary.As for why people behave this way, Dr. Simonsohn proposes that after accepting a number of strong candidates, interviewers might form the illogical expectation that a __54__ candidate “is due”. Regardless of the reason, if this sort of thinking proves to have a similar effect on the judgments of those in other fields, such as law and medicine, it could be responsible for far worse things than the __55__ of qualified business-school candidates.41. A. grants B. equips C. denies D. delivers42. A. minor B. external C. crucial D. objective43. A. above all B. not to mention C. on the whole D. in other words44. A. if B. until C. though D. unless45. A. test B. emphasize C. share D. promote46. A. decision B. quality C. status D. success47. A. found B. studied C. chosen D. identified48. A. inspired B. expressed C. conducted D. secured49. A. put B. got C. took D. gave50. A. instead B. then C. ever D. rather51. A. selected B. passed C. marked D. introduced52. A. below B. after C. above D. before53. A. jump B. float C. flow D. drop54. A. stronger B. weaker C. better D. worse55. A. rejection B. reception C. reputation D. recreationSection B 22%Directions：Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A).Roald Dahl - the author who entertained people with classics like Matilda, Charlie and the Chocolate Factory and James and the Giant Peach - would have been 100 years old this year. Roald Dahl is most famous for the books he wrote for children, but he also wrote novels and short stories for adults, screenplays, and non-fiction, too!Roald Dahl was born near Cardiff, in Wales in 1916. His parents were from Norway, and they named him after Roald Amundsen, the famous Norwegian explorer. Roald was sent off to boarding school when he was only nine years old. He was very homesick, and had a hard time obeying the strict teachers and the headmaster. In those days, teachers would sometimes hittheir students with a cane (藤条）when they misbehaved. This naturally made a lot of children very afraid of their teachers! Later on, Roald integrated this fear and distrust of adults into many of his children's books.During World War II, Roald joined the Royal Air Force and flew missions over Africa, the Mediterranean, and the Middle East. At one point, his plane crashed in the Libyan Desert. He was temporarily blinded, and stranded in the middle of nowhere with a cracked skull and a broken nose. Fortunately, he was rescued, and within a few months had made a complete recovery. After his injuries forced him to leave the Air Force, Roald began writing. His first published piece was a magazine article about his plane crash. During the 1950s, he became an accomplished writer of short stories for adults. These stories usually featured mystery, suspense, and a twist ending.In 1961, Roald published James and the Giant Peach, which tells the story of a young boy who attempts to escape from his two nasty, abusive aunts. The boy finally gets away by sailing across the ocean inside a magical. giant peach and befriends the giant bugs that live inside it. James and the Giant Peach was prompted by the bedtime stories Roald would make up for his young daughters. He said that it was a challenge to keep them interested and attentive--- he had to make his stories funny, exciting, and original. In 1964, he wrote his most famous book--- Charlie and the Chocolate Factory, in which a poor boy wins a “golden ticket” to tour a mysterious world.56.How did Roald Dahl’s experiences in World War II influence his later writing?A.He was a pilot, and his first publication was about a plane crash.B.He was in Navy, and his first publication dealt with life aboard a ship.C.He was in the Army, and his first publication was set in Nazi-occupied Europe.D.He worked in a military factory, and his first publication was about factory life.57. Many of Roald Dahl’s children’s stories were inspired by______ .A. a vacation he took with his grandparentsB.his relationship with his parentsC.his time in the militaryD.his time away at boarding school58. What led Roald Dahl to write James and the Giant Peach?A.His lifelong love of peaches.B.The bedtime stories he told his daughters.C.The insects he found in his garden.D.The cruelty he experienced at the hands of his aunts.59. Which of these statements is an opinion about Roald Dahl?A.He was the greatest children's author of the 20th century.B.He published more than a dozen books for children.C.James and the Giant Peach was his first book for children.D.Several of his books were adapted into successful movies.(B)60. Which holiday location doesn’t welcome young children?A. Mountain Lodge.B. Pelican Resort.B. Cedar Lodge. D. None of the above.61. According to the holiday advertisement, which of the following is NOT TRUE?A. Both Mountain Lodge and Pelican Resort are close to the coast.B. Tourists can't visit Pelican Resort in May because of the restoration.C. All meals are included if tourists choose to go to the Pelican Resort.D. Canoeing and cycling are provided at no extra cost at Cedar Lodge.62. A holiday in Mountain Lodge for a couple with 12-year-old twin girls and a 3-year-old boy costs Holiday Plus Need a break? Choose from these three wonderful holidays!HolidaylocationMountain Lodge A unique wilderness retreat on the edge of the World Heritage-listed National Park and only 5 km from the sea Pelican Resort A true coral island right on the Great Barrier Reef (大堡礁） Swim straight for the beach Cedar Lodge A mixture of casual atmosphere and rich rainforest surroundings for those over 25Price* $330 $580 $740Number of nights2 4 4 Daily mealsincluded in package Mountain buffet breakfast Free soft drink always available Hot breakfast Beach picnic lunch 4-course dinner Tropical breakfast Picnic lunch (optional extra)Comments Free canoeing Free talks in the evening Free open-air tennis courts Horse-riding (optional extra) Renovation: resort willclose for May Free minibus trip around island Plane flights to WilsonIsland only $50Oldest living rainforest Free bikes and tennis courts; horse-riding extra Transportto/from airport Self-drive auto 1h 15m Bus three times/week approx.2 hours1/2 hour by minibus10 mins by taxi *Price ： per person, per package, twin share Children 11 years and under are 50%. Children 4 years and under are free.A.$825B. $990C. $1320D. $1650(C)France, which prides itself as the global innovator of fashion, has decided its fashion industry has lost an absolute right to define physical beauty for woman. Its lawmakers gave preliminary （初步）approval last week to a law that would make it a crime to employ ultra-thin models on catwalks. The parliament also agreed to ban websites that advocate “excessive thinness” by promoting extreme dieting.Such measures have a couple of uplifting motives. They suggest beauty should not be defined by looks that end up with impinging on health. That’s a start. And the ban on ultra-thin models seems to go beyond protecting models from starving themselves to health, as some have done. It tells the fashion industry that it must take responsibility for the signal it sends to women, especially teenage girls, about the social standard they must use to determine their individual worth.The bans, if fully enforced, would suggest to woman (and many men) that they should not let others be judges of their beauty. And perhaps faintly, they hint that people should look to other qualities like character and intellect rather than dieting their way to size zero or wasp-waist (黄蜂腰体型).The French measures, however, rely too much on severe punishment to change a culture that still regards beauty as skin-deep and bone-showing. Under the law, using a fashion model that does not meet a government-defined index of body mess could result in a $85,000 fine and six months in prison.The fashion industry knows it has an inherent problem in focusing on material decoration and idealized body types. In Denmark, the United States, and a few other countries, it is trying to set voluntary standard for models and fashion images that rely more on peer pressure for enforcement.In contrast to France’s actions, Denmark’s fashion industry agreed last month on rules and punishments regarding age, health, and other characteristics of models. The newly revised Danish Fashion Ethical Charter(伦理准则）dearly states: “We are aware of and take responsibility for theimpact the fashion industry has on body ideals, especially on young people.^Relying on ethical persuasion rather than law to address the misuse of body ideals may be the best step. Even better would be to help elevate concepts of beauty beyond the material standards of a particular industry.63. According to the first paragraph, what would happen in France?A.Physical beauty would be redefined.B.New catwalks would be constructed.C.Websites about dieting would boom.D.The fashion industry would decline.64. The phrase “impinging on”（Line2, Para2) is closest in meaning to ______ .A. increasing the value ofB. indicating the state ofC. losing faith inD. doing harm to65. Which of the following is TRUE of the fashion industry?A.The French measures have already failed.B.New standards are being set in Denmark.C.Models are no longer under peer pressure.D.Its inherent problems are getting worse.66. Which of the following may be the best title of the text?A.Just Another Struggle for BeautyB. A Prospect for the Starving Models in FranceC A Challenge to the Fashion Industry’s Body IdealsC.Threats io the Fashion IndustrySection C 8%Directions：Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.In 2009, the number of hungry people in the world reached one billion for the first time. It's difficult not to be shocked by the fact that more than one in seven people in the world do not have enough to eat. __67__ Hunger kills more people per year than diseases such as AIDS, malaria (症疾）and TB(肺结核）combined.The UN estimates that almost two thirds of the world's hungry people are in Asia, which is of course the world's most populous continent. __68__ Although this region has a much lower population than Asia, it has the highest percentage of hungry people. Almost all of the rest are in Latin America, North Africa and the Caribbean. In the richest regions of the world there are only a tiny number of people who don't have enough to eat.__69__ They include wars, droughts, floods, and the over-use of farming land. All these factors affect food production. Many people also blame greedy businessmen for pushing up the prices of basic foods in the global market. But the most important reason, quite simply, is poverty, which has increased recently due to the financial crisis of 2008.Although many people make the obvious point that there would be less hunger if the global population were smaller, few people would argue that there is not enough food to go around. The basic problem seems to be not a lack of food, but its distribution. In the last 50 years, global food production has risen even more quickly than the global population. There are many areas of the world in which people generally have more than enough food. __70__ The answer to world hunger, therefore, may be a balanced food distribution around the whole world. Everyone will have enough to eat, but not overeat.IV.Summary Writing 10%Directions：Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Teaching Is “One of the Least Popular Jobs in the UK”The UK government has just published a report on the future of secondary school teaching, and the conclusion of the report is that many secondary schools now face great difficulties in finding people who want to be teachers. Since the 1980s, the number of graduates who would “seriously consider” teaching as a car eer has fallen sharply, from 64% in 1982 to just 17% today. The report suggests that urgent action needs to be taken in order to encourage more intelligent young graduates into teaching.The main drawback（缺点）of secondary teaching, according to the report, is the low salary. Earnings in teaching are much lower than in many other jobs. Joanne Manners, 24, is a good example: “I graduated in maths last year, and I was thinking of doing a teacher-training course to become a maths teacher---but I saw I could earn twice as much if I worked in marketing or advertising, so I decided not to become a teacher.”It's not just about the money, however. The survey concluded that another reason why people donn’t want to be teachers is that some teenagers behave very badly i n school. A lot of schools have problems with discipline, and it seems clear that children do not have the same respect for teachers as in the past. Here’s the view of Dave Hallam, an accountant from London: “I think parents are to blame. They should have stricter rules with their children at home and also teach their children to have more respect for teachers.”The report is clear that the problem of teacher shortage is a very serious one. It says that the government should raise teachers’ pay significantl y, to catch up with workers in other professions. It also indicates that the government could launch a nationwide publicity campaign, with some advertisements on TV and in the newspapers, to show the positive sides of teaching to young people.V.Translation 15%Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72.三轮激烈的电视辩论之后，Trump当选为美国总统。

上海市普陀区2017-2018学年高三第一学期期终调研测试英语试题

考生注意：普陀区 2017 学年第一学期高三英语质量调研英语试卷1.考试时间 120 分钟，试卷满分 140 分。

2.本次考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。

所有答題必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。

3.答題前，务必在答題纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码貼在指定位置上, 在答题纸反面清楚地填写姓名。

I.ListeningComprehension Section A10%Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1.A. Mother and child. B. Teacher and student.C. Husband and wife.D. Boss and secretary.2.A. They like reading today’s paper.B.They are interested in today’s paper.C.They found nothing interesting in today’s paper.D.They have no idea what the paper is about.3.A. In the concert. B. In the theatre. C. In the exhibition. D. In the studio.4.A. Getting ready to board a plane.B.Queuing up for the check-in.C.Meeting friends at the arrivals.D.Waiting at the baggage claim area.5.A. The man doesn’t care which colour is chosen.B.The woman prefers the colour.C.The man is concerned about the colour.D.The man intends to choose a different colour.6.A. Doing a lot of homework. B. Staying focused in class.C. Sleeping for a short break.D. Devoting all her spare time to learning.7.A. He was chairman of the club.B.He wanted to learn a new language.C.He wanted to know more about the club.D.He was interested in international advertisement.8.A. The man should work hard. B. The man should turn down the job offer.C. The man may have another chance.D. The man can apply for the job again.9.A. Its ending is not good enough. B. Its structure is not satisfying.C. It deserves an award.D. It is good except for the writing skills.10.A. She likes watching instead of playing. B. She is a good team sportsplayer.C. She doesn’t like any kind of sports.D. She likes taking part in teamsports.Section B 15%Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. It contains protein. B. It contains water.C. It helps the brain work properly.D. A full stomach leads to a good sleep.12. A. Sleep helps the brain control the senses.B.Sleep promotes rest.C.Sleep helps the brain revise and store information.D.Sleep reduces tiredness.13. A. Factors related to memory development. B. The importance of a goodmemory.C. The importance of improving memory.D. The misery caused by a poor memory.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following weather forecast.14. A. Mountainous Area. B. Northern Europe.C. Eastern Europe.D. Southern Europe.15. A. Snowy. B. Cloudy.C. Rainy.D. Fine.16. A. Northern parts of the Mediterranean.B.Eastern parts of the Mediterranean.C.Central parts of the Mediterranean.D.Southern parts of the Mediterranean.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. A university tutor. B. An insurance adviser.C. An overseas study officer.D. A visa officer.18. A. It is purchased in the country you will travel.B.It provides just a few kinds of medical services.C.It provides doctors who may speak your native language.D.It offers sufficient cash to pay the entire bill on the spot.19. A. It must be purchased in one’s home country before going abroad.B.It does not cover the minor medical expenses.C.It only recommends native doctors when you are aboard.D.It features personal paying first and getting money later.20. A. Consult other insurance companies.B.Buy the student health insurance.C.Get the international travel insurance.D.Choose neither insurance since it is not a must.II.Grammar and vocabularySection A 10%Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Recreational Vehicles (房车): On the RoadRecreational vehicles (RVs) are a typically American invention. Nationally, sales rose to 430,000 units last year, a 40-year high. At the inexpensive end, they sell for as little as $5,000 for a caravan (大篷车); deluxe versions cost up to $1,000,000 and are typically equipped with a bedroom,kitchen and bathroom that are bigger than ones in many European flats. The share prices of Thor Industries, the biggest RV-manufacturer in America, and Winnebago, the third-largest, (21) _ (rise) by 43% and 17%, respectively so far.That is a big change. During the 2008-09 recession, notes Mr. Troiano, the owner of Continental RV, RV dealerships everywhere closed down, leaving his shop among the very few (22)(leave) serving the New York metropolitan area. Mr. Troiano is on track (23) (sell) more RVs this year than in any other since the early 2000s. The current rebound ( 反弹 ) is mostly(24) the economy’s recovery, but it also springs from the fact that new types of customer are embracing the lifestyle.A decade ago, the average age of an RV-owner was 49, and over 90% were white, says Kevin Broom of the Recreational Vehicle Industry Association (RVIA), which doesn’t indicate a bright future. Another boost comes from sufficient immigrants, (25) are keen to experience long, self-planned road trips in America. Mr. Troiano’s most recent big sale was to (26) rich Asian family.The industry hopes that its poor record with foreign sales — last year lessthan 1% of RVs produced domestically (27) (ship) to foreign markets —may improve, too. China’s government, for example, has planned to build 2,000 campgrounds by 2020, up from an estimated 300 today, in a bid to promote domestic tourism, particularly to remote rural regions. Chinese firms such as Yutong Bus make RVs, but not of the quality that many Chinese want. The country imported 1,000 vehicles last year, over half of them American.RV manufacturers are also marketing the concept (28) their motor homes can be commercial as well as leisure vehicles. They (29) allowtravelling salesmen, businessmen to save on food and hotel costs. (30) y ou park it, it can be your office, as well as your home.Section B 10%Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can beused only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Training the Brain to Hear BetterThe din （喧嚣）of a loud restaurant or party can make conversationdifficult for anyone —but for the elderly, these settings can make it nearly impossible. The mechanics of hearing31 with age, but the latest research focuses on another part of the problem — the slower 32 speed of aging brains, which have to work harder to translate sound into intelligible (可理解的) language.Research shows that musicians are better able to pick out speech from surrounding noise as they age compared to non-musicians ．And a new study of auditory training with a 33 _ available brain training program suggests that most people who are hard of hearing can develop the same skills ．The scientists showed that people trained for 40 hours over 8 weeks with Posit Science’s “Brain Fitness” were able to pick out 41% more words from background noise compared to those who watched educational DVDs and were quizzed on their 34 after the same amount of time ．The authors received no funding from the makers of the program; the study was 35 by the National Institutes of Health.The research included 67 older adults between 55 and 70, with an average age of 63．The auditory training came in the form of 36 hearing tasks that primed the participants to hear better by requiring them to identify various speech sounds and 37 between similarsounding syllables (音节), for example, as well as repeating back words and remembering stories ．Both those who received the training and those who watched the DVDs were tested on short term memory, brain processing speed and the ability to hear speech in noisy settings ．All of the participants showed improvement in these three 38 , but for the first time, the scientists also documented that the sharper hearing was _39 by earlier signaling in the brainstem.As the authors write in their paper, the training not only improved the ability to decode speech in noisy situations, but also sped up the brain’s ability to 40 to the sound — bringing it to more “youthful’’ levels ．III. Reading Comprehension Section A 15%Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases markedA. accompaniedF. distinguishB. commercially G. funded H. measuresC. computerizedI. potentiallyD. contentsE. declineJ. processing K. respondA, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Depression: Second Biggest Cause of Disability in the World Depression is the second most common cause of disability worldwide after back pain, according to a review of research. The disease must be treated as a global public health 41 , experts report in the journal PLOS Medicine. The study 42 clinical depression with more than 200 other diseases and injuries as a cause of disability. Globally, only a small proportion of patients have 43 to treatment, the World Health Organization says.Depression was 44 at number two as a global cause of disability, but its impact varies in different countries and regions. 45 , rates of major depression were highest in Afghanistan and lowest in Japan. In the UK, depression was rated at number three 46 years lived with a disability.Dr. Alize Ferrari fro m the University of Queensland’s School of Population Health led the study. “Depression is a big problem and we 47 need to pay more attention to it than we are now,” she told BBC News. There’s still more work to be done in arousing awareness of the disease and also in48 successful ways of treating it.“The burden is different between countries, so it tends to be higher in low and middle income countries and 49 in high income countries.” Policy-makers had made an effort to bring depression to the forefront, but there was alot more work to be done, she added. “There’s lots of stigma (病症) we know 50 with mental health,” she explained.“What one person recognizes as disabling might be different to another person and might be different across countries as well. There are lots of cultural 51 and interpretations that come in place, which makes it all the more important to 52 awareness of the size of the problem and also signs and how to 53 it.”The data —for the year 2010 —follows similar studies in 1990 and 2000 looking at the global burden of depression.Commenting on the study, Dr. Daniel Chisholm, a health economist at the department for mental health and substance abuse at the World Health Organization s aid depression was a very disabling condition. “It’s a big public health 54 and a big problem to be reflected on but not enough is being done.” Around the world only a tiny 55 of people get any sort of treatment or diagnosis.The WHO recently launched a global mental health action plan to raise awareness among policy-makers.41.A. concern B. issue C. priority D. discussion42.A. compared B. combined C. confused D. contacted43.A. objection B. access C. adaptation D. contribution44.A. considered B. evaluated C. determined D. ranked45.A. For example B. In addition C. In other words D. All in all46.A. in regard of B. in name of C. in terms of D. in face of47.A. probably B. definitely C. significantly D. randomly48.A. coming up with B. making up C. putting up with D. consisting of49.A. severer B. heavier C. lighter D. lower50.A. related B. associated C. relevant D. close51.A. ingredients B. interactions C. implications D. identities52.A. remove B. recreate C. raise D. rise53.A. avoid B. treat C. cure D. detect54.A. challenge B. agreement C. prediction D. outcome55.A. amount B. proportion C. quantity D. populationSection B 22%Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Digital Etiquette(礼节)Digital Etiquette, or netiquette, is a set of rules for how to behave online. It’s a lot like life etiquette, which is basically having good manners and treating others with respect. It’s just asimportant in our digital lives, including how we act in online games or how we communicate in emails, texts, instant messages and on social networking websites. All of these platforms let us talk and share instantly wherever we are.Unfortunately, some people can lose control the second they jump online.When they disagree with someone, or have strong feeling about a topic, they end up saying stuff they’d never say in person! They may send ruder emails and IMs or try to start arguments on message boards. That’s called flaming, and it can lead to full-on flamewars, insulting arguments between two or more users.On the Internet, it’s pretty easy to stay anonymous, or unidentified. Having a secret identity to hide behind can make people pretty brave. And whenall they see of you is screen name or a funny icon, they might forget that they’re dealing with a real human being!The principle is simple: Just like in real life, you should treat other people the way you want to be treated. You wouldn’t want somebody to be rude to you, so don’t be rude to anyone else.Of course, netiquette isn’t just about being nice; it’s also about communicating clearly. That means keeping emails and IMs clear, and to the point. It also means making your messages easy to read and understand, which can depend on your audience. For instance, some abbreviations and emoticons may be fine with friends. But they’re generally not appropriate in formal co mmunication. And whatever you do, don’t write in all capital letters! Writing in all caps makes it seem like you’re yelling.Lastly, make sure you ask permission before posting anything about your friends on a blog or a social networking site. People’s per sonal information is private, and you can really ruin relationships if you post something that a friend —or a friend’s parents —don’t want on the web. And keep in mind that the Internet is not a private place; if you wouldn’t want a parent, teacher or future employer to see something you post, don’t post it!56.According to the passage, the users of social media are advised .A.to trigger arguments on message boardsB.to behave online with common courtesyC.to be respectful of others online rather than offlineD.to apply abbreviations and emoticons as many as possible57.Why might an anonymous Internet user feel bold enough to say horrible thingsin response to a blog post?A.Because he can make more friends if he says mean things.B.Because he knows his friends will recognize him and think better of him.C.Because he can insult others and not worry about revenge.D.Because he can impress older, smarter people with his remarks.58.Which of the following is the best way to text your uncle to say you’ll beback in an hour?A. B.C. D.Recycling at work - handy hints to employers59. Which of the following is a clear rule about posting photos online?A. If you take a photograph, it is yours to do as you please online.B. Information about your friends, including photographs, is private.C. It’s illegal to post pictures online without permission from people in the pictures.D. You should always avoid posting images on the internet.(B)Recycling at work - handy hints toemployersIt is estimated that avoidable waste costs UK businesses up to 4.5% of their annual revenue. Reducing waste in the workplace is about being efficient. By becoming more efficient, businesses not only increase profits but they also save natural resources.Setting up a company schemeGet everyone involved•Arouse awareness internally within the company, perhaps by putting up educational posters. •Appoint a person to be the point of contact for anyone with queries (问讯). There are also a couple of ways to increase motivation:•Hold internal competitions between different departments. For example, see which can reduce their waste the most within a specific time period. • Send out regular newsletters reporting on all waste improvements. Staff will then seethe impact their actions are having.PaperWhat to recycle and how • According to a recent survey, 65% of waste produced is paper waste. Waste paper will inevitably be produced in the workplace, but it is not necessary to discard it. It can serve a variety of purposes before it is recycled, such as writing notes. Envelopes too can be reused for internal mail.Plastic cups• Rather than supplying disposable plastic cups in your workplace, get ceramic mugs that can be reused. Not only do they make your tea taste better, but they can reduce your office waste by up to 10%!Electrical equipment• Rather than giving up on any old electrical equipment and just throwing it away, why not try upgrading it? This reduces waste, as well as avoiding the need to manufacture a new machine - a process which creates a large amount of waste. You could also consider donating your old computers to charities whenit comes to replacing them.60.What can the employer distribute to motivate staff to recycle more?cational posters.B. Annual reports.C. Regular newsletters.D. Competition rules.61.What can be bought to cut down on the waste produced by staff refreshments?A.Disposable goods.B. Writing notes.C. Envelopes.D. Ceramic tableware.62.Which of the following is NOT included in the hints?A.Unwanted PCs can be sent to charities if the company has to buy new ones.B.Waste paper can be used as envelopes for internal mails before being thrownaway.C.One of the staff should be assigned to be responsible for the recyclingissue.cational posters can be displayed in the workplace to publicize therecycling scheme.(C)Given how valuable intelligence and automation are, we will continue to improve our technology if we are at all able to. At a certain point, we will build machines that are smarter than we are. Once we have machines that are smarter than we are, they will begin to improve themselves. And then we risk what the mathematician IJ Good called an “intelligence explosion”. The process could get out of control.The concern is really that we will build machines that are much more competent than we are. And the slightest divergence between their goals and our own could destroy us. Just think about how we relate to ants. We don’t hate them. We don’t go out of our way to harm them. In fact, sometimes we take pains not to harm them. We step over them on the sidewalk. But whenever their presence seriously conflicts with one of our goals, we will kill them without hesitation. The concern is that we will one day build machines that, whether they’re conscious or not, could treat us with similar disregard.The bare fact is that we will continue to improve our intelligent machines. We have problems that we desperately need to solve. So we will do this, if we can. The train is already out of the station, and there’s no brake to pull. If we build machines that are more intelligent than we are, they will very likely develop in ways that we can’t imagine, and exceed us in ways that we can’t imagine.So imagine we hit upon a design of superintelligent AI that has no safety concerns. This machine would be the perfect labor-saving device. It can design the machine that can build the machine which can do any physical work, powered by sunlight, more or less for the cost of raw materials. So we’re talking about the end of human labour. We’re also talking ab out the end of most intellectual work. So what would apes like ourselves do in this circumstance?What would some nations do if they heard that some company in Silicon Valley was about to deploy ( 配置) a superintelligent AI? This machine would be capable of starting war, whether terrestrial (陆地的) or cyber, with unbelievable power.Given that the companies and governments building superintelligent AI arelikely to perceive(感知) themselves as being in a race against all others, and that to win thisrace is to win the world, it seems likely that whatever is easier to do will get done first unless it is destroyed in the next moment.But the moment we admit that information processing is the source of intelligence, we have to admit that we are in the process of building some sort of god. Now would be a good time to make sure it’s a god we can live with.63.When an intelligent machine becomes smarter than humanity, .A.it will make itself better and may go beyond human controlB.it will help people to the fullest, especially in physical workC.it will threaten people by robbing them of jobsD.it will view itself as human race64.The underlined word “divergence” in Paragraph 2 almost means the same as “”.A.connectionB. hatredC. competitionD. disagreement65.How is the passage mainly developed?A.By making comparisons.B.By showing valid evidence.C.By giving assumptions.D.By analyzing statistics.66.Which of the following is the best title of the passage?A.For the God’s sake, stop AI and be yourselves!B.Can we build AI without losing control over it?C.For or against AI, that is the question!D.How does superintelligence serve the people?Section C 8%Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A.Parents simply cannot control all the possible paths their children may take.B.Research in developmental psychology ought to help parents relax.C.If a woman works outside the home, she’s depriving her children of her constant attention,but if she stays home, she tends to give her children too much love.D.According to Freud, after the first five “formative years” ended in the crisis of the OedipalComplex (俄狄浦斯情结), the c hild’s personality was set for life.E.Parents still have a major role to play, but now it is more delicate.F.Obviously it’s good to give children stimulation and attention from the start, but one wrongstep will not doom the child to psychological damage.Parenting Anxiety RelievedWoman are insecure because there is no commonly accepted idea of what it means to be a good mother. Fathers have it easier in this regard; they just have to show up and they are automatically considered “good”, whereas mothers are always trying to prove to themselves and the world that they aren’t“bad”.67In some ways, things are getting worse. Years ago, a woman was allowed five years to shape h er child’s personality. In recent years, however, some psychologists tell mothers that the first three years of life are the most important, while others think that all critical events happen during the first year.Ironically, this panic about doing the right thing to produce the perfectchild is probably the worst thing for the child and the parent. 68 Here is why.First, it is not harmful to children if their mothers work. Mothers who neglect their own need and abilities for the sake of their children do notbenefit their children, their marriage or themselves.Second, there is no crucial moment or stage in early childhood in which a child’s fate is determined forever. 69 Children are more flexible than that.Research also finds that some children who have had the best parental care and guidance later give in to drugs, addiction, mental illness or violence.70 Between the parents’best efforts and the resulting child lie other factors: the child’s nature, genetically influenced characters, experiences outside the family and the child’s knowledge of events. Parents can help an inborn shy child learn to cope better in situations that make the child anxious, but they aren’t going to turn her into Britney Spears.IV.Summary Writing 10%Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) ofthe passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.“Where You Go” Doesn’t Matter So MuchDuring the fall months at high school guidance counseling programs, juniors run to the stage to participate in an exercise to try and help them understand that it is not “where you go” that matters. They hold posters featuring the names and faces of famous people while their peers and parentsshout out with confidence the names of elite colleges (名校) they assume the celebrities attended.The “oohs” and “aahs” follow as the audience learn that Steven Spielberg, Steve Jobs and Bill Gates dropped out of college and that Ken Burns graduated from Hampshire College. If even a few stressed students and their anxious parents benefit from this information, it is a worthwhile exercise.Even better is giving the students an assignment to identify the happy, successful people in their own circle of family, friends, co-workers and neighbors and challenging them to go and ask “if or where they went to college?” as a means ofbroadening the conversation in their search for a life after high school.The key to success in college and beyond has more to do with what students do with their time during college than what college they choose to attend. A long-term study of 6,335 college graduates published by the National Bureau of Economic Research found that graduating from a college where entering students have higher SAT scores — one marker of elite colleges —didn’t pay off in higher post-graduation income. Researchers found that students who applied to several elite schools but didn’t attend them — either because of rejection or by their own choice — are more likely to earn high incomes later than students who actually attended elite schools.In a summary of the findings, the bureau says that “evidently, students’ motivation, ambition and desire to learn have a much stronger effect on their later success than averag e academic ability of their classmates.”V.Translation 15%Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72.众所周知, 与他人和睦相处是生活幸福的要素之一。

上海普陀区高三英语一模试卷及答案讲解学习

普陀区2016学年第一学期髙三英语I.ListeningComprehensionSection A10%Directions：In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard1. A.Relaxed B.Annoyed C. Worried. D. Satisfied2. A. On February 1st. B. On February 2nd. C. On February 3rd D. On February 8th.3. A. A basketball player. B. A laundry worker.C. A window washer.D. A rock climber.4. A. To a stationery shop. B. To a gymnasium.C. To a paint store.D. To a news stand.5. A. Ask for something cheaper B. Buy the purse she really likesC. Protect herself from being hurt.D. Bargain with the shop assistant.6.A. She doesn't plan to continue studying next year.B.She has already told the man about her plan.C.She isn’t planning to leave her university.D.She recently visited a different university7.A. The cafeteria isn’t usually empty B. Dessert is served in the cafeteria.C. The cafeteria is near the library.D. Coffe isn’t allowed in the library.8. A. She lives close to the man B. She changes her mind at last.C. She will turn to her manager.D. She declines the man’s offer.9. A. He doesn't mind helping the woman.B. He'll help if the woman doesn't mind.C. He’ll help if the woman doesn’t mind.D. He can’t help move the cupboard.10. A. The washing machine is totally beyond repair.B.She will help Wendy prepare her annual report.C.Wendy should give priority to writing her report.D.The washing machine should be checked annually.Section B 15%Directions：In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. Because he always fired the waiters.B.Because he followed several waiters.C.Because he was a natural motivator.D.Because he seldom had a bad day.12.Agive advice B. Tell himself to be in a good mood.C. Choose to be a victim.D. Accept so meone’s complaints.13. A. How to be a unique manager.B.We should be curious about unique people.C.Our choices may decide how we live our lives.D.We should do something after we wake up each morning.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. They are very generous in giving gifts.B.They refuse gifts when doing business.C.They regard gifts as a symbol of friendship.D.They give gifts only on special occasions.15. A. They enjoy giving gifts to other people.B.They spend a lot of time choosing gifts.C.They have to follow many specific rules.D.They pay attention to the quality of gifts.16. A. Gift-giving plays an important role in human relationships.B.We must be aware of cultural difference in giving gifts.C.We must learn how to give gifts before going abroad.Reading extensively makes one a better gift-giver.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. She is enjoying her language study.B.She is enjoying her management study.C.She is not feeling very well at the moment.D.She is not happy about her study pressure.18. A. It is challenging. B. It is interesting. C. It is useful. D. It is difficult.19. A. She dislikes the food she eats. B. She is unable to sleep well.C. She finds the rent high.D. She has no chance to make friends.20. A. To try to make more friends.B.To try to change accommodation.C.To spend more time on English.D.To stop attending language classes.II.Grammarand vocabularySection A 10%Directions：After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.The Importance of Accessibility AwarenessAt a recent meeting, people with disabilities talked about their lives. I was amazed to hear about the challenges (21) ___________ (face) by people with physical disabilities. However, (22) amazed me most was the great importance of education about handicap (残障）facilities. Two women who (23) __________ (use) wheelchairs all their life are two important members of the National Group for Disabled Persons, devoted to (24) (raise)awareness about disabilities. They educate about all the facilities for people with disabilities. One big concern is the people who take advantage of aids, such as handicap parking spaces. So people (25) disabilities need to be educated about these facilities. And the meeting focused on educating the public.Some handicap spots have extra room next to them, marked wi th the “No Parking” signs. “(26)I'm not in the spot, I can take the no-parking area next to it/5 some people say. However, the women (27) use a wheelchair disagree to this. The space exists to allow someone in a wheelchair to have room to get in or out of their car. If there is a car in that space, the handicap parking spot is no longer useful. Some walkways have handrails next to them to help those who require extra assistance. (28) it is a blind person seeking guidance or an elderly person seeking support, the rail is there for walking. Sometimes the rail is blocked, by a parked bicycle for instance, and consequently made useless. As with the parking spot, this is more likely a case of lack of education. People who (29) (inform) of the rail’s use would be less likely to mistake it for a bike rack(停放架).Meetingsome of the people who are affected by the lack of education about facilities made me see that there is work to be done. If more people were educated about the proper uses of accommodations, there would be (30)_______(few) challenges for people with physical disabilities.Section B 10%Directions：Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. gluedB. guiltyC. luxuriousD. portraitE. proudF. reflectedG. removed H. doubts I. reveals J. shadow K. suggestCould It Be a Work by Rembrandt（伦勃朗）Rembrandt is the most famous of the seventeenth-century Dutch painters.However, there are __ 31 ____ whether some paintings attributed (归属）toRembrandt were actually painted by him. One such painting is known as attributed to Rembrandt because of its style, and indeed the representation of the woman’s face is very muchlike that of portraits known to be by Rembrandt. Butthere are problems with the painting that ____ 32 ____ it could not be a work byRembrandt.First, there is something inconsistent（不一致） about the way the woman inthe ___ 33 ___ i s dressed. She is wearing a white linen cap of a kind that onlyservants would wear—-yet the coat she is wearing has a _____ 34 ___ fur collar that no servant couldafford. Rembrandt, who was known for his attention to the details of his subjects' clothing, would not have been 35 of such an inconsistency.Second, Rembrandt was a master of painting light and ________ 36 __ , but in this painting theseelements do not fit together. The face appears to be illuminated（照亮）by light ____ 37 ____ o nto it from below. But below the face is the dark fur collar, which would absorb light rather than reflect it. So the face should appear partially in shadow, which is not how it appears. Rembrandt would never have made such an error.Finally, examination of the back of the painting _____ 38 __ that it was painted on a panel madeof several pieces of wood ___39___ together. Although Rembrandt often painted on wood panels (面板)s no painting known to be by Rembrandt was painted in this way.For these reasons, the painting was ____ 40 __ from the official catalog of Rembrandt’s paintingsin the 1930s.III.ReadingComprehensionSection A 15%Directions：For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, Cand D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.A Question of JudgmentHuman beings are, in principle, poor at considering background information when making individual decisions. At first glance, this might seem like a strength that __41__ peoplethe ability to make judgments which are independent of __42__ factors. But in a world of quotas（配额）and limits—__43___, the world in which most professional people operate—Dr. Simonsohn reported in Psychological Science that it was actually a weakness since an inability to consider the big picture was leading decision-makers to be biased(有偏见）by the daily samples they were working with. For example, he supposed that a judge fearful of appearing too soft on crime might be more likely to send someone to prison ___44___he had already sentenced five or six other defendants（被告）only to forced community serviceon that day.To __45_ this idea, Dr. Simonsohn. and his assistants turned their attention to the university-admissions process. Admissions officers interview hundreds of applicants every year,at a rate of 4% a day, and can offer entry to about 40% of them. In theory, the ___46__ of an applicant should not depend on the few others ___47__ randomly for interview during the same day, but Dr. Simonsohn suspected the truth was otherwise.He studied the results of 9,323 MBA interviews ___48___ by 31 admissions officers. The interviewers had rated applicants on a scale of one to five. This scale ___49___ numerous factors, including communication skills, personal drive, team-working ability and personal accomplishments, into consideration. The scores from this rating were ___50___ used in conjunction with an applicant's score on the GMAT, a standardized exam which is __51___ out of 800 points, to make a decision on whether to accept him or her.Dr. Simonsohn found if the score of the previous candidate in a daily series of interviewees was 0.75 points or more higher than that of the one _52_ that, then the score for the next applicant would __53__ by an average of 0.075 points. This might sound small, but to reverse the effects of such a decrease, a candidate would need 30 more GMAT points than would otherwise have been necessary.As for why people behave this way, Dr. Simonsohn proposes that after accepting a number of strong candidates, interviewers might form the illogical expectation that a __54__ candidate “is due”. R egardless of the reason, if this sort of thinking proves to have a similar effect on the judgments of those in other fields, such as law and medicine, it could be responsible for far worse things than the __55__ of qualified business-school candidates.41. A. grants B. equips C. denies D. delivers42. A. minor B. external C. crucial D. objective43. A. above all B. not to mention C. on the whole D. in other words44. A. if B. until C. though D. unless45. A. test B. emphasize C. share D. promote46. A. decision B. quality C. status D. success47. A. found B. studied C. chosen D. identified48. A. inspired B. expressed C. conducted D. secured49. A. put B. got C. took D. gave50. A. instead B. then C. ever D. rather51. A. selected B. passed C. marked D. introduced52. A. below B. after C. above D. before53. A. jump B. float C. flow D. drop54. A. stronger B. weaker C. better D. worse55. A. rejection B. reception C. reputation D. recreationSection B 22%Directions：Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A).Roald Dahl - the author who entertained people with classics like Matilda, Charlie and the Chocolate Factory and James and the Giant Peach - would have been 100 years old this year. Roald Dahl is most famous for the books he wrote for children, but he also wrote novels and short stories for adults, screenplays, and non-fiction, too!Roald Dahl was born near Cardiff, in Wales in 1916. His parents were from Norway, and they named him after Roald Amundsen, the famous Norwegian explorer. Roald was sent off to boarding school when he was only nine years old. He was very homesick, and had a hard time obeying the strict teachers and the headmaster. In those days, teachers would sometimes hittheir students with a cane (藤条）when they misbehaved. This naturally made a lot of children very afraid of their teachers! Later on, Roald integrated this fear and distrust of adults into many of his children's books.During World War II, Roald joined the Royal Air Force and flew missions over Africa, the Mediterranean, and the Middle East. At one point, his plane crashed in the Libyan Desert. He was temporarily blinded, and stranded in the middle of nowhere with a cracked skull and a broken nose. Fortunately, he was rescued, and within a few months had made a complete recovery. After his injuries forced him to leave the Air Force, Roald began writing. His first published piece was a magazine article about his plane crash. During the 1950s, he became an accomplished writer of short stories for adults. These stories usually featured mystery, suspense, and a twist ending.In 1961, Roald published James and the Giant Peach, which tells the story of a young boy who attempts to escape from his two nasty, abusive aunts. The boy finally gets away by sailing across the ocean inside a magical. giant peach and befriends the giant bugs that live inside it. James and the Giant Peach was prompted by the bedtime stories Roald would make up for his young daughters. He said that it was a challenge to keep them interested and attentive--- he had to make his stories funny, exciting, and original. In 1964, he wrote his most famous book--- Charlie and the Chocolate Factory, in which a poor boy wins a “golden ticket” to tour a mysterious world.56.How did Roald Dahl’s experiences in World War II influence his later writing?A.He was a pilot, and his first publication was about a plane crash.B.He was in Navy, and his first publication dealt with life aboard a ship.C.He was in the Army, and his first publication was set in Nazi-occupied Europe.D.He worked in a military factory, and his first publication was about factory life.57. Many of Roald Dahl’s children’s stories were inspired by______ .A. a vacation he took with his grandparentsB.his relationship with his parentsC.his time in the militaryD.his time away at boarding school58. What led Roald Dahl to write James and the Giant Peach?A.His lifelong love of peaches.B.The bedtime stories he told his daughters.C.The insects he found in his garden.D.The cruelty he experienced at the hands of his aunts.59. Which of these statements is an opinion about Roald Dahl?A.He was the greatest children's author of the 20th century.B.He published more than a dozen books for children.C.James and the Giant Peach was his first book for children.D.Several of his books were adapted into successful movies.(B)60. Which holiday location doesn’t welcome young children?A. Mountain Lodge.B. Pelican Resort.B. Cedar Lodge. D. None of the above.61. According to the holiday advertisement, which of the following is NOT TRUE?A. Both Mountain Lodge and Pelican Resort are close to the coast.B. Tourists can't visit Pelican Resort in May because of the restoration.C. All meals are included if tourists choose to go to the Pelican Resort.D. Canoeing and cycling are provided at no extra cost at Cedar Lodge.62. A holiday in Mountain Lodge for a couple with 12-year-old twin girls and a 3-year-old boy costs Holiday Plus Need a break? Choose from these three wonderful holidays!HolidaylocationMountain Lodge A unique wilderness retreat on the edge of the World Heritage-listed National Park and only 5 km from the sea Pelican Resort A true coral island right on the Great Barrier Reef (大堡礁） Swim straight for the beach Cedar Lodge A mixture of casual atmosphere and rich rainforest surroundings for those over 25Price* $330 $580 $740Number of nights2 4 4 Daily mealsincluded in package Mountain buffet breakfast Free soft drink always available Hot breakfast Beach picnic lunch 4-course dinner Tropical breakfast Picnic lunch (optional extra)Comments Free canoeing Free talks in the evening Free open-air tennis courts Horse-riding (optional extra) Renovation: resort willclose for May Free minibus trip around island Plane flights to WilsonIsland only $50Oldest living rainforest Free bikes and tennis courts; horse-riding extra Transportto/from airport Self-drive auto 1h 15m Bus three times/week approx.2 hours1/2 hour by minibus10 mins by taxi *Price ： per person, per package, twin share Children 11 years and under are 50%. Children 4 years and under are free.A.$825B. $990C. $1320D. $1650(C)France, which prides itself as the global innovator of fashion, has decided its fashion industry has lost an absolute right to define physical beauty for woman. Its lawmakers gave preliminary （初步）approval last week to a law that would make it a crime to employ ultra-thin models on catwalks. The parliament also agreed to ban websites that advocate “excessive thinness” by promoting extreme dieting.Such measures have a couple of uplifting motives. They suggest beauty should not be defined by looks that end up with impinging on health. That’s a start. And the ban on ultra-thin models seems to go beyond protecting models from starving themselves to health, as some have done. It tells the fashion industry that it must take responsibility for the signal it sends to women, especially teenage girls, about the social standard they must use to determine their individual worth.The bans, if fully enforced, would suggest to woman (and many men) that they should not let others be judges of their beauty. And perhaps faintly, they hint that people should look to other qualities like character and intellect rather than dieting their way to size zero or wasp-waist (黄蜂腰体型).The French measures, however, rely too much on severe punishment to change a culture that still regards beauty as skin-deep and bone-showing. Under the law, using a fashion model that does not meet a government-defined index of body mess could result in a $85,000 fine and six months in prison.The fashion industry knows it has an inherent problem in focusing on material decoration and idealized body types. In Denmark, the United States, and a few other countries, it is trying to set voluntary standard for models and fashion images that rely more on peer pressure for enforcement.I n contrast to France’s actions, Denmark’s fashion industry agreed last month on rules and punishments regarding age, health, and other characteristics of models. The newly revised Danish Fashion Ethical Charter(伦理准则）dearly states: “We are aware of and tak e responsibility for theimpact the fashion industry has on body ideals, especially on young people.^Relying on ethical persuasion rather than law to address the misuse of body ideals may be the best step. Even better would be to help elevate concepts of beauty beyond the material standards of a particular industry.63. According to the first paragraph, what would happen in France?A.Physical beauty would be redefined.B.New catwalks would be constructed.C.Websites about dieting would boom.D.The fashion industry would decline.64. The phrase “impinging on”（Line2, Para2) is closest in meaning to ______ .A. increasing the value ofB. indicating the state ofC. losing faith inD. doing harm to65. Which of the following is TRUE of the fashion industry?A.The French measures have already failed.B.New standards are being set in Denmark.C.Models are no longer under peer pressure.D.Its inherent problems are getting worse.66. Which of the following may be the best title of the text?A.Just Another Struggle for BeautyB. A Prospect for the Starving Models in FranceC A Challenge to the Fashion Industry’s Body IdealsC.Threats io the Fashion IndustrySection C 8%Directions：Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.In 2009, the number of hungry people in the world reached one billion for the first time. It's difficult not to be shocked by the fact that more than one in seven people in the world do not have enough to eat. __67__ Hunger kills more people per year than diseases such as AIDS, malaria (症疾）and TB(肺结核）combined.The UN estimates that almost two thirds of the world's hungry people are in Asia, which is of course the world's most populous continent. __68__ Although this region has a much lower population than Asia, it has the highest percentage of hungry people. Almost all of the rest are in Latin America, North Africa and the Caribbean. In the richest regions of the world there are only a tiny number of people who don't have enough to eat.__69__ They include wars, droughts, floods, and the over-use of farming land. All these factors affect food production. Many people also blame greedy businessmen for pushing up the prices of basic foods in the global market. But the most important reason, quite simply, is poverty, which has increased recently due to the financial crisis of 2008.Although many people make the obvious point that there would be less hunger if the global population were smaller, few people would argue that there is not enough food to go around. The basic problem seems to be not a lack of food, but its distribution. In the last 50 years, global food production has risen even more quickly than the global population. There are many areas of the world in which people generally have more than enough food. __70__ The answer to world hunger, therefore, may be a balanced food distribution around the whole world. Everyone will have enough to eat, but not overeat.IV.Summary Writing 10%Directions：Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Teaching Is “One of the Least Popular Jobs in the UK”The UK government has just published a report on the future of secondary school teaching, and the conclusion of the report is that many secondary schools now face great difficulties in finding people who want to be teachers. Since the 1980s, the number of graduates who would “seriously consider” teaching as a career has fallen sharply, from 64% in 1982 to just 17% today. The report suggests that urgent action needs to be taken in order to encourage more intelligent young graduates into teaching.The main drawback（缺点）of secondary teaching, according to the report, is the low salary. Earnings in teaching are much lower than in many other jobs. Joanne Manners, 24, is a good example: “I graduated in maths last year, and I was thinking of doing a teacher-training course to become a maths teacher---but I saw I could earn twice as much if I worked in marketing or advertising, so I decided not to become a teacher.”It's not just about the money, however. The survey concluded that another reason why people donn’t want to be teachers is that some teenagers behave very badly in school. A lot of schools have problems with discipline, and it seems clear that children do not have the same respect for teachers as in the past. Here’s the view of Dave Hallam, an accountant from London: “I think parents are to blame. They should have stricter rules with their children at home and also teach their children to have more respect for teachers.”The report is clear that the problem of teacher shortage is a very serious one. It says that the government should raise teachers’ pay significantly, to catch up with workers in other professions. It also indicates that the government could launch a nationwide publicity campaign, with some advertisements on TV and in the newspapers, to show the positive sides of teaching to young people.V.Translation 15%Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72.三轮激烈的电视辩论之后，Trump当选为美国总统。

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普陀区2016学年第一学期髙三英语质量调研I.ListeningComprehensionSection A10%Directions：In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard1. A.Relaxed B.Annoyed C. Worried. D. Satisfied2. A. On February 1st. B. On February 2nd. C. On February 3rd D. On February 8th.3. A. A basketball player. B. A laundry worker.C. A window washer.D. A rock climber.4. A. To a stationery shop. B. To a gymnasium.C. To a paint store.D. To a news stand.5. A. Ask for something cheaper B. Buy the purse she really likesC. Protect herself from being hurt.D. Bargain with the shop assistant.6.A. She doesn't plan to continue studying next year.B.She has already told the man about her plan.C.She isn’t planning to leave her university.D.She recently visited a different university7.A. The cafeteria isn’t usually empty B. Dessert is served in the cafeteria.C. The cafeteria is near the library.D. Coffe isn’t allowed in the library.8. A. She lives close to the man B. She changes her mind at last.C. She will turn to her manager.D. She declines the man’s offer.9. A. He doesn't mind helping the woman.B. He'll help if the woman doesn't mind.C. H e’ll help if the woman doesn’t mind.D. He can’t help move the cupboard.10. A. The washing machine is totally beyond repair.B.She will help Wendy prepare her annual report.C.Wendy should give priority to writing her report.D.The washing machine should be checked annually.Section B 15%Directions：In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once.When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. Because he always fired the waiters.B.Because he followed several waiters.C.Because he was a natural motivator.D.Because he seldom had a bad day.12.Agive advice B. Tell himself to be in a good mood.C. Choose to be a victim.D. Accep t someone’s complaints.13. A. How to be a unique manager.B.We should be curious about unique people.C.Our choices may decide how we live our lives.D.We should do something after we wake up each morning.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. They are very generous in giving gifts.B.They refuse gifts when doing business.C.They regard gifts as a symbol of friendship.D.They give gifts only on special occasions.15. A. They enjoy giving gifts to other people.B.They spend a lot of time choosing gifts.C.They have to follow many specific rules.D.They pay attention to the quality of gifts.16. A. Gift-giving plays an important role in human relationships.B.We must be aware of cultural difference in giving gifts.C.We must learn how to give gifts before going abroad.Reading extensively makes one a better gift-giver.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. She is enjoying her language study.B.She is enjoying her management study.C.She is not feeling very well at the moment.D.She is not happy about her study pressure.18. A. It is challenging. B. It is interesting. C. It is useful. D. It is difficult.19. A. She dislikes the food she eats. B. She is unable to sleep well.C. She finds the rent high.D. She has no chance to make friends.20. A. To try to make more friends.B.To try to change accommodation.C.To spend more time on English.D.To stop attending language classes.II.Grammarand vocabularySection A 10%Directions：After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.The Importance of Accessibility AwarenessAt a recent meeting, people with disabilities talked about their lives. I was amazed to hear about the challenges (21) (face) by people with physical disabilities. However, (22) amazed me most was the great importance of education about handicap (残障）facilities.Two women who (23) ________ (use) wheelchairs all their life are two important members of the National Group for Disabled Persons, devoted to (24) (raise)awareness about disabilities. They educate about all the facilities for people with disabilities. One big concern is the people who take advantage of aids, such as handicap parking spaces. So people (25)disabilities need to be educated about these facilities. And the meeting focused on educating the public.Some handicap spots have extra room next to the m, marked with the “No Parking” signs. “(26)I'm not in the spot, I can take the no-parking area next to it/5 some people say. However, the women (27) use a wheelchair disagree to this. The space exists to allow someone in a wheelchair to have room to get in or out of their car. If there is a car in that space, the handicap parking spot is no longer useful. Some walkways have handrails next to them to help those who require extra assistance. (28) it is a blind person seeking guidance or an elderly person seeking support, the rail is there for walking. Sometimes the rail is blocked, by a parked bicycle for instance, and consequently made useless. As with the parking spot, this is more likely a case of lack of education. People who (29) (in form) of the rail’s use would be less likely to mistake it for a bike rack(停放架).Meeting some of the people who are affected by the lack of education about facilities made me see that there is work to be done. If more people were educated about the proper uses of accommodations, there would be (30)_______(few) challenges for people with physical disabilities.Section B 10%Directions：Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Could It Be a Work by Rembrandt（伦勃朗）Rembrandt is the most famous of the seventeenth-century Dutch painters. However, there are31 whether some paintings attributed (归属）to Rembrandt were actually painted by him. One such painting is known as attributed to Rembrandt because of its style, and indeed the representation of the woman’s face is very much like that of portraits known to be by Rembrandt. But there are problems with the painting that___32____it could not be a work by Rembrandt.First, there is something inconsistent（不一致） about the way the woman inthe___33___is dressed. She is wearing a white linen cap of a kind that only servants would wear—-yet the coat she is wearing has a 34 fur collar that no servant could afford. Rembrandt, who was known for his attention to the details of his subjects' clothing, would not have been_____35_____of such an inconsistency.Second, Rembrandt was a master of painting light and___36___, but in this painting these elements do not fit together. The face appears to be illuminated（照亮）by light____37____onto it from below. But below the face is the dark fur collar, which would absorb light rather than reflect it. So the face should appear partially in shadow, which is not how it appears. Rembrandt would never have made such an error.Finally, examination of the back of the painting____38____that it was painted on a panel made of several pieces of wood ___39___ together. Although Rembrandt often painted on wood panels (面板)s no painting known to be by Rembrandt was painted in this way.For these reasons, the painting was____40____from the official catal og of Rembrandt’s paintings in the 1930s.III.Reading Comprehension Section A 15%Directions：For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.A Question of JudgmentHuman beings are, in principle, poor at considering background information when making individual decisions. At first glance, this might seem like a strength that __41__ people the ability to make judgments which are independent of __42__ factors. But in a world of quotas（配额）and limits—__43___, the world in which most professional people operate—Dr. Simonsohn reported in Psychological Science that it was actually a weakness since an inability to consider the big picture was leading decision-makers to be biased(有偏见）by the daily samples they were working with. For example, he supposed that a judge fearful of appearing too soft on crime might be more likely to send someone to prison ___44___ he had already sentenced five or six other defendants（被告）only to forced community service on that day.To__45_ this idea, Dr. Simonsohn. and his assistants turned their attention to the university-admissions process. Admissions officers interview hundreds of applicants every year, at a rate of 4% a day, and can offer entry to about 40% of them. In theory, the ___46__ of an applicant should not depend on the few others ___47__ randomly for interview during the same day, but Dr. Simonsohn suspected the truth was otherwise.He studied the results of 9,323 MBA interviews ___48___ by 31 admissions officers. The interviewers had rated applicants on a scale of one to five. This scale ___49___ numerous factors, including communication skills, personal drive, team-working ability and personal accomplishments, into consideration. The scores from this rating were ___50___ used in conjunction with an applicant's score on the GMAT, a standardized exam which is __51___ out of 800 points, to make a decision on whether to accept him or her.Dr. Simonsohn found if the score of the previous candidate in a daily series of interviewees was 0.75 points or more higher than that of the one _52_ that, then the score for the next applicant would __53__ by an average of 0.075 points. This might sound small, but to reverse the effects of such a decrease, a candidate would need 30 more GMAT points than would otherwise have been necessary.As for why people behave this way, Dr. Simonsohn proposes that after accepting a number of strong candidates, interviewers might form the illogic al expectation that a __54__ candidate “is due”. Regardless of the reason, if this sort of thinking proves to have a similar effect on the judgments of those in other fields, such as law and medicine, it could be responsible for far worse things than the __55__ of qualified business-school candidates.41. A. grants B. equips C. denies D. delivers42. A. minor B. external C. crucial D. objective43. A. above all B. not to mention C. on the whole D. in other words44. A. if B. until C. though D. unless45. A. test B. emphasize C. share D. promote46. A. decision B. quality C. status D. success47. A. found B. studied C. chosen D. identified48. A. inspired B. expressed C. conducted D. secured49. A. put B. got C. took D. gave50. A. instead B. then C. ever D. rather51. A. selected B. passed C. marked D. introduced52. A. below B. after C. above D. before53. A. jump B. float C. flow D. drop54. A. stronger B. weaker C. better D. worse55. A. rejection B. reception C. reputation D. recreationSection B 22%Directions：Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A).Roald Dahl - the author who entertained people with classics like Matilda, Charlie and the Chocolate Factory and James and the Giant Peach - would have been 100 years old this year. Roald Dahl is most famous for the books he wrote for children, but he also wrote novels and short stories for adults, screenplays, and non-fiction, too!Roald Dahl was born near Cardiff, in Wales in 1916. His parents were from Norway, and they named him after Roald Amundsen, the famous Norwegian explorer. Roald was sent off to boarding school when he was only nine years old. He was very homesick, and had a hard time obeying the strict teachers and the headmaster. In those days, teachers would sometimes hit their students with a cane (藤条）when they misbehaved. This naturally made a lot of children very afraid of their teachers! Later on, Roald integrated this fear and distrust of adults into many of his children's books.During World War II, Roald joined the Royal Air Force and flew missions over Africa, the Mediterranean, and the Middle East. At one point, his plane crashed in the Libyan Desert. He was temporarily blinded, and stranded in the middle of nowhere with a cracked skull and a broken nose. Fortunately, he was rescued, and within a few months had made a complete recovery. After his injuries forced him to leave the Air Force, Roald began writing. His first published piece was a magazine article about his plane crash. During the 1950s, he became an accomplished writer of short stories for adults. These stories usually featured mystery, suspense, and a twist ending.In 1961, Roald published James and the Giant Peach, which tells the story of a young boywho attempts to escape from his two nasty, abusive aunts. The boy finally gets away by sailing across the ocean inside a magical. giant peach and befriends the giant bugs that live inside it. James and the Giant Peach was prompted by the bedtime stories Roald would make up for his young daughters. He said that it was a challenge to keep them interested and attentive--- he had to make his stories funny, exciting, and original. In 1964, he wrote his most famous book--- Charlie and the Chocolate Factory, in which a poor boy wins a “golden ticket” to tour a mysterious world.56.How did Roald Dahl’s experiences in World War II influence his later writing?A.He was a pilot, and his first publication was about a plane crash.B.He was in Navy, and his first publication dealt with life aboard a ship.C.He was in the Army, and his first publication was set in Nazi-occupied Europe.D.He worked in a military factory, and his first publication was about factory life.57. Many of Roald Dahl’s children’s stories were inspired by_________ .A. a vacation he took with his grandparentsB.his relationship with his parentsC.his time in the militaryD.his time away at boarding school58. What led Roald Dahl to write James and the Giant Peach?A.His lifelong love of peaches.B.The bedtime stories he told his daughters.C.The insects he found in his garden.D.The cruelty he experienced at the hands of his aunts.59. Which of these statements is an opinion about Roald Dahl?A.He was the greatest children's author of the 20th century.B.He published more than a dozen books for children.C.James and the Giant Peach was his first book for children.D.Several of his books were adapted into successful movies.Holiday Plus Need a break? Choose from these three wonderful holidays!HolidaylocationMountain Lodge A unique wilderness retreat on the edge of the World Heritage-listed National Park and only 5 km from the seaPelican Resort A true coral island right on the Great Barrier Reef (大堡礁） Swim straight for the beach Cedar Lodge A mixture of casual atmosphere and rich rainforest surroundings for those over 25Price* $330 $580 $740 Number of nights2 4 4 Daily mealsincluded in package Mountain buffet breakfast Free soft drink always available Hot breakfast Beach picnic lunch 4-course dinner Tropical breakfast Picnic lunch (optional extra)Comments Free canoeing Free talks in the evening Free open-air tennis courts Horse-riding (optional extra) Renovation: resort willclose for May Free minibus trip around island Plane flights to WilsonIsland only $50Oldest living rain forest Free bikes and tennis courts; horse-riding extra Transportto/from airport Self-drive auto 1h 15m Bus threetimes/week approx.2 hours 1/2 hour by minibus 10 mins by taxi60. Which holiday location doesn’t welcome young children?A. Mountain Lodge.B. Pelican Resort.C. Cedar Lodge.D. None of the above.61. According to the holiday advertisement, which of the following is NOT TRUE?A. Both Mountain Lodge and Pelican Resort are close to the coast.B. Tourists can't visit Pelican Resort in May because of the restoration.C. All meals are included if tourists choose to go to the Pelican Resort.D. Canoeing and cycling are provided at no extra cost at Cedar Lodge.62. A holiday in Mountain Lodge for a couple with 12-year-old twin girls and a 3-year-old boy costs A. $825 B. $990 C. $1320 D. $1650*Price ： per person, per package, twin shareChildren 11 years and under are 50%. Children 4 years and under are free.France, which prides itself as the global innovator of fashion, has decided its fashion industry has lost an absolute right to define physical beauty for woman. Its lawmakers gave preliminary （初步）approval last week to a law that would make it a crime to employ ultra-thin models on catwalks. The parliament also agreed to ban websites that advocate “excessive thinness” by promoting extreme dieting.Such measures have a couple of uplifting motives. They suggest beauty should not be defined by looks that end up with impinging on health. That’s a start. And the ban on ultra-thin models seems to go beyond protecting models from starving themselves to health, as some have done. It tells the fashion industry that it must take responsibility for the signal it sends to women, especially teenage girls, about the social standard they must use to determine their individual worth.The bans, if fully enforced, would suggest to woman (and many men) that they should not let others be judges of their beauty. And perhaps faintly, they hint that people should look to other qualities like character and intellect rather than dieting their way to size zero or wasp-waist (黄蜂腰体型).The French measures, however, rely too much on severe punishment to change a culture that still regards beauty as skin-deep and bone-showing. Under the law, using a fashion model that does not meet a government-defined index of body mess could result in a $85,000 fine and six months in prison.The fashion industry knows it has an inherent problem in focusing on material decoration and idealized body types. In Denmark, the United States, and a few other countries, it is trying to set voluntary standard for models and fashion images that rely more on peer pressure for enforcement.In contrast to France’s actions, Denmark’s fashion industry agreed last month on rules and punishments regarding age, health, and other characteristics of models. The newly revised Danish Fashion Ethical Charter (伦理准则）dearly states: “We are aware of and take responsibility for the impact the fashion industry has on body ideals, especially on young people.^ Relying on ethical persuasion rather than law to address the misuse of body ideals may be the best step. Even better would be to help elevate concepts of beauty beyond the material standards of a particular industry.63. According to the first paragraph, what would happen in France?A.Physical beauty would be redefined. B New catwalks would be constructed.C Websites about dieting would boom.D The fashion industry would decline.64. The phrase “impinging on”（Line2, Para2) is closest in meaning to _________ .A. increasing the value ofB. indicating the state ofC. losing faith inD. doing harm to65. Which of the following is TRUE of the fashion industry?A.The French measures have already failed.B.New standards are being set in Denmark.C.Models are no longer under peer pressure.D.Its inherent problems are getting worse.66. Which of the following may be the best title of the text?A.Just Another Struggle for BeautyB. A Prospect for the Starving Models in FranceC A Challenge to the Fashion Industry’s Body IdealsB.Threats to the Fashion IndustrySection C 8%Directions：Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.In 2009, the number of hungry people in the world reached one billion for the first time. It's difficult not to be shocked by the fact that more than one in seven people in the world do not have enough to eat. __67__ Hunger kills more people per year than diseases such as AIDS, malaria (症疾）and TB(肺结核）combined.The UN estimates that almost two thirds of the world's hungry people are in Asia, which is of course the world's most populous continent. __68__ Although this region has a much lower population than Asia, it has the highest percentage of hungry people. Almost all of the rest are in Latin America, North Africa and the Caribbean. In the richest regions of the world there are only a tiny number of people who don't have enough to eat.__69__ They include wars, droughts, floods, and the over-use of farming land. All these factors affect food production. Many people also blame greedy businessmen for pushing up the prices of basic foods in the global market. But the most important reason, quite simply, is poverty, which has increased recently due to the financial crisis of 2008.Although many people make the obvious point that there would be less hunger if the global population were smaller, few people would argue that there is not enough food to go around. The basic problem seems to be not a lack of food, but its distribution. In the last 50 years, global food production has risen even more quickly than the global population. There are many areas of the world in which people generally have more than enough food. __70__ The answer to world hunger, therefore, may be a balanced food distribution around the whole world. Everyone will have enough to eat, but not overeat.IV.Summary Writing 10%Directions：Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Teaching Is “One of the Least Popular Jobs in the UK”The UK government has just published a report on the future of secondary school teaching, and the conclusion of the report is that many secondary schools now face great difficulties in finding people who want to be teachers. Since the 1980s, the number of graduates who would “seriously consider” teaching as a career has fallen s harply, from 64% in 1982 to just 17% today. The report suggests that urgent action needs to be taken in order to encourage more intelligent young graduates into teaching.The main drawback（缺点）of secondary teaching, according to the report, is the low salary. Earnings in teaching are much lower than in many other jobs. Joanne Manners, 24, is a good example: “I graduated in maths last year, and I was thinking of doing a teacher-training course to become a maths teacher---but I saw I could earn twice as much if I worked in marketing or advertising, so I decided not to become a teacher.”It's not just about the money, however. The survey concluded that another reason why people donn’t want to be teachers is that some teenagers behave very badly in school. A lot of schools have problems with discipline, and it seems clear that children do not have the same respect for teachers as in the past. Here’s the view of Dave Hallam, an accountant from London: “I think parents are to blame. They should have stricter rules with their children at home and also teach their children to have more respect for teachers.”The report is clear that the problem of teacher shortage is a very serious one. It says that the government should raise teachers’ pay significantly, to catch up w ith workers in other professions. It also indicates that the government could launch a nationwide publicity campaign, with some advertisements on TV and in the newspapers, to show the positive sides of teaching to young people.V.Translation 15%Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72.三轮激烈的电视辩论之后，Trump当选为美国总统。