新概念第三册Lesson 42讲义

Lesson 42 Modern cavemen

New words and expressions

caveman (远古)洞穴人

pot-holing 洞穴探险，洞穴探险运动

solitude 孤独，寂寞; loneliness, lonesome

lure 引诱，诱惑; seduce, tempt

pot-holer 洞穴探险者

ramble 漫步者，散步者

undertaking 任务，工作; task, work, mission

foresight 预见，深谋远虑

foretell 预言; predict, forecast

Grenoble 格里诺布尔

chasm 断层，裂口，陷坑; gap

flaw 小裂缝; fissure

distinguished 杰出的，著名的, famous, out-standing

Everest 珠穆朗玛峰

wade 涉水，趟水

waterfall 瀑布

gear 一套用具

inflatable 可充气的

rubble 碎石，瓦砾

insistent 连续的，不断的

boom 轰响

waterspout 强大的水柱

cleft 裂隙，开口

cavern 大洞穴

stalagmite 石笋

stalactite 钟乳石

limestone 石灰石

glisten 闪烁; glow, shine, glitter

eerie 引起恐惧的，可怕的

dome 穹窿，圆顶; vault, vt, 加穹顶于(tent)

Text

1. Cave exploration, or pot-holing, as it has come to be known, is a relatively new sport.

as it has come to be known, 插入语，正如已逐渐为人所知的那样，

2. Perhaps it is the desire for solitude or the chance of making an unexpected discovery that lures people down to the depths of the earth.

It is…that…强调句式。也可用强调句型“It is (was) +that (who) +句子的其余部分”。这种强调结构是英语里最常见的强调句。强调结构最重要的特征是it在句中无具体指代意义，只起引出被强调部分的作用，并且去掉强调结构“It is (was) …that(who)…”后，剩下的句子部分仍能组成一个意思完整的句子

--- It was because it rained heavily that they didn’t go swimming.

--- It was he who took my book away.

3. It is impossible to give a satisfactory explanation for a pot-holer’s motives.

It is impossible / important / necessary to do sth.

--- It is important to realize our mistake for the lose of the competition.

4. For him, caves have the same peculiar fascination which high mountains have for the climber. They arouse instincts which can only be dimly understood.

For him, 对于他来说。

…which…引导限定性定语从句。

dimly understood, hardly understood. 几乎不能让人理解。

5. Exploring really deep caves is not a task for the Sunday afternoon rambler.

Exploring really deep caves…动名词短语做主语。

6. Such undertakings require the precise planning and foresight of military operations. It can take as long as eight days to rig up rope ladders and to establish supply bases before a descent can be made into a very deep cave. …precise planning, carefully studied planning.

…as long as…，

1）在表示during the whole time that(长达……之久)或while(只要)的含义时,往往用as long as

As long as there is life there is hope. 留得生命在，不怕没希望。

2）在表示on condition that, provided that或if(只要,如果)的含义时,用as long as或so long as的情况均很常见。I'll accept any job as / so long as I don't have to get up early. 只要不必早起，任何工作我都可以接受。

3）在表示since, considering that(既然,因为)的含义时,多用as long as。

As long as you are here, go on. 你既然已经来到这里了，继续吧。

4）有时,as / so long as与if only同义,由它引导的状语分句可不依附主句而单独使用,表示说话人的希望、愿望或遗憾心情等。

-It's said it's going to turn colder and freeze later on. 听说过些时候天气要变冷,有冰冻.

-As long as it doesn't spoil the weekend. (=I hope that it doesn't spoil the weekend.) 只要不把周末弄糟了就没事。5）在用as / so long as连接的从句中,当其谓语为be,而主语和主句的主语相同时,则从句的主语和be可以省略。I'm sure we are safe as long as(we are) in his care. 我深信只要在他的保护下，我们就会平安无事。

…rig up…, equip with, 装备

7. Precautions of this sort are necessary, for it is impossible to foretell the exact nature of the difficulties which will confront the pot-holer.

precautions, protect actions. 保护措施

for引导一个原因状语从句，which引导一个限定性定语从句。

8. The deepest known cave in the world is the Gouffre Berger near Grenoble. It extends to a depth of 3,723 feet.

9. This immense chasm has been formed by an underground stream which has tunneled a course through a flaw in the rocks.

chasm, cave, 洞穴，which引导一个限定性定语从句。

10. The entrance to the cave is on s plateau in the Dauphine Alps. As it is only six feet across, it is barely noticeable. As引导一个原因状语从句。

11. The cave might never have been discovered had not the entrance been spotted by the distinguished French pot-holer, Berger. Since its discovery, it has become a sort of pot-holer’s Everest. Though a number of descents have been made, much of it still remains to be explored.