英语语法之比较级

13§1 最基本的规则

首先，我们要说明英文形容词有三个等级：原级、比较级和最高级，最基本的规则是根据音节的多少来分的。一般来说，单音节的形容词在词后面加er，就变成了比较级，加est 就变成了最高级，而双音节，或双音节以上的形容词，比较级是在词前面加more，最高级则是在词前面加most，举例来说，old, smart, strong, weak, high, low等等都是单音节的形容词，它们的变化如下：

原级比较级最高级

old older oldest

smart smarter smartest

strong stronger strongest

weak weaker weakest

high higher highest

low lower lowest

（2）形容词的词尾是y，而前一个字母是一个子音，则去掉y，加上ier，或iest：原级比较级最高级

lucky luckier luckiest

happy happier happiest

pretty prettier prettiest

dry drier driest

easy easier easiest

（3）单音节形容词的词尾是辅音，前一音是一个元音，则字尾必须重复一次，再加er 或est：

原级比较级最高级

fat fatter fattest

hot hotter hottest

wet wetter wettest

big bigger biggest

（4）以上的形容词，都是单音节的，以下的例子都是双音节的形容词：

原级比较级最高级

Difficult more difficult most difficult

Delicious more delicious most delicious

beautiful more beautiful most beautiful

Correct more correct most correct

stupid more stupid most stupid

significant more significant most significant

【练习一】

写出以下形容词的比较级：

1. small

2. slow

3. intelligent

4. expensive

5. tall

6. short

7. important

8. hot

9. wise

10. large

11. good

12. bad

13. many

13§2 特殊的比较级规则

完全不规则的变化：

英文中，有几个特殊的词，它们的比较级完全没有规则，以下是一些例子，同学们必须记住：

原级比较级最高级

Good/well better best

bad worse worst

Few/ little less least

Many/much more most

Far further furthest

13§3 比较级的用法

大多数比较级句子里会有than，以下是一些例子：

I am older than he.

His English is better than mine.

San Francisco is more beautiful than New Y ork.

His car is cheaper than your car.

He is the most diligent student in his class.

I like apples more than oranges.

He has more money than his brother.

He is stronger than his brother.

必须注意的是以下的句子是错的：

＊I am older than him.

＊She is smarter than me.

为什么错了呢？因为原来的句子应该是：

I am older than he (is).

She is more smart than I (am).

形容词各等级的用法：

1、原级（同级）比较：as…as…; not as(so)…as…

He is as good as she.

2、用比较级表示最高级：约翰是班里最高的男生。

John is taller than any other boy in the class.

John is the tallest boy in the class.

John is taller than any other boy.

3、the more… the more…表示“越……越……”：

The more books you read, the wider your knowledge is.

The more food you eat, the fatter you are.

4、more and more…表示“越来……越……”：

More and more students realized the importance of a foreign language.

Our country is getting stronger and stronger.

【模拟试题】

Ⅰ. 形容词比较级练习

1. Bob never does his homework___ Mary. He makes lots of mistakes.

A. so careful as

B. as carefully as

C. carefully as

D. as careful as

2. Now air in our town is than it used to be. Something must be done to it.

A. very good

B. much better

C. rather than

D. even worse

3. I feel better than yesterday.

A. more

B. very

C. the

D. far

4. China has a large population than in the world.

A. all the countries

B. every country

C. any country

D. any other country

5. This book is on the subject .

A. the much best

B. much the best

C. very much best

D. very the best

6. The sick boy is getting __ day by day.

A.worse

B. bad

C. badly

D. worst

7. This necklace looks __ and__ sells.

A. well, well

B. good, nice

C. nice, good

D. nice, well

8. Doctor Wang ___ heart operation

A. is interested on

B. like doing

C. does well in

D. is good at

9. The population of Shandong is__ than that Sichuan.

A. smaller

B. larger

C. less

D. large

10. I didn’t go shopping yesterday.He didn’t __.

A. so

B. either

C. too C. neither

11. ___ delicious the food is!

A.How B . How a C. What D. What a

12. What animal do like ___? I like all kinds of animals.

A. better

B. best

C. very

D. well

13. Hainan is a very large island. It’s the second__ island in China.

rge

B. larger

C. largest

D. most large

14. If you want to book a round –trip ticket,you’ll have to pay __ $30.

A.more

B. other

C. the other

D. another

15. A horse is __ than a dog.

A.much heavy

B.more heavier

C.much heavier

D.more heavy

16. Which is __ season in Beijing? I think it’s spring.

A.good

B.well

C. best

D.the best

17. Usually Xiao Li spends __ time doing homework than Xiao Chen does.

A.little B less C. few D. fewer

18. I liked to play football when I was young. _______.