高中英语必修五-unit1课文详解

必修五 Unit 1 Great Scientists 伟大的科学家

steam engine 蒸汽机

characteristic n.特征；特性

radium n.镭

put forward 提出

theory n。理论；学说

infect vt.传染；感染

infectious adj.传染的

cholera n.霍乱

scientific adj.科学的

examine vt.检查；诊察；考察

conclude vt. & vi.结束；结论；议定

conclusion n.结论；结束；议定

draw a conclusion得出结论

analyse vt.分析

repeat vi & vt.重复；重做n.

defeat vt. N.打败；战胜；使受挫

attend vt.照顾；护理；出席；参加

expose vt.(与to连用)暴露；揭露；

使曝光

deadly adj.致命的

cure n. vt.治愈；痊愈；治疗

outbreak n.爆发；发作（疾病或战争）

control vt.& n.控制；支配

absorb vt.吸收；使专心

severe adj.严重的；严厉的；严

格的；剧烈的

valuable adj.贵重的；有价

值的

clue n.线索；提示

pump n.泵；抽水机

pub n.酒馆；酒吧

blame vt.责备；谴责；把…归咎

于；

n.过失；责备

immediately adv.立即；马

上

handle n.柄；把手； vt.

处理

germ n.微生物；细菌

addition n.加；增加；加法

in addition也；另外

link vt.连接；联系 n.联

系；环

link…to…将…和…连接或联

系起来

announce vt.宣布；通告

certainty n.确知；确信；

确实

instruct vt.命令；指示；

教导

virus n.病毒

construction n.建设；结构；

建筑物

apart from 除…之外；此外

creative adj.有创造力的；

独创的

co-operative adj.合作的

positive adj.积极的；肯定

的

be strict with对…严格的

revolutionary adj.革命的

calculation n.计算；计算

结果

lead to通向；导致

movement n。移动；运动；

动作

make sense有意义

backward adv. & adj.向后

地（的）；相反地（的）；退步地（的）

loop n.圈；环

complete adj.完整的；完成

的

privately adv.私下地；秘

密地

spin vi. & vt.(使)旋转；

纺（线）

brightness n.明亮；亮度；

聪颖

enthusiastic adj.热情的；

热心的

cautious adj.小心的；谨慎

的

reject vt.拒绝；不接受；

丢弃

point of view态度；观点；

看法

logical adj.和逻辑的；合乎常

理的

II．Reading JOHN SNOW DEFEATS “KING CHOLERA”

John Snow was a well-known doctor in London — so famous, indeed, that he attended Queen Victoria to ease the birth of her babies.约翰斯诺在伦敦是一位著名的医生，的确，如此出名以致于由他护理维多利亚女王生孩子。【注释：attend v.出席；到场；注意；照看attend to处理；注意倾听；

专心于；照料； attend school/ class/ church/ a wedding/ a meeting/ a lecture/ a movie; attend on/ upon sb.伺候某人；照顾某人； eg. 1) I’ll attend to the

matter.我来处理此事。 2) He was very tired after the long run, and expected someboday to attend

on him.长袍之后他感到非常疲劳，很想有个人来照顾自己一下。▲辨析： attend, join, join in, take part in (1) attend是正式用语，一般指参加会议、典礼、婚礼、葬礼及去听课、听报告等；（2）join指加入某党派、某组织、某社会团体以及参军等，如：He joined the football club two years ago.

(3) join in通常指参加某种活动，尤其指其他人一起参加某项活动，如： I hope you’ll all join in the discussion. (4) take part in指参加群众性活动、会议、劳动、游行等，往往参加者持有积极地

态度，并起到一定的作用，有时可与join in互换，如： Will you take part in the English evening 试题：

—— Who is ______ the patient —— Maybe his sister.

A. taking care

B. looking for

C. joining in

D. attending on】

But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed

to cholera.但当他想到要帮助受霍乱侵扰的普通民众，他就感到受到激励（或感受到神灵的召唤）。【注释：①inspire (1)影响或触动： eg. The falling leaves inspired her with sadness.落叶触动了

她的伤感. (2) 鼓励；激励 eg. 1) inspire sb. with hope激起某人的希望 2) I was inspired to work harder than ever before.我受激励比以往任何时候都更加努力地工作。②expose to使易受；使

受 eg. exposed themselves to disease使他们受到疾病的影响； exposed their children to classical music. 使他们的孩子们受到古典音乐的影响。考题：

1. As we all know，women do not________their faces in public in some Middle Eastern countries.

A．cover B．keep C．expose D．protect

2．The more one is________the English­speaking environment，the better he or she will learn the language.

A．exposed to B．filled in C．caught on D．kept up

3．The reason why people carry umbrellas in hot summer days is that ____ to strong sunlight may be harmful to the skin.

A．contributing B．exposing C．contributed D．being exposed 】

This was the most deadly disease of its day. 这在当时是最为致命的疾病。【注释：deadly adj. 致命的；死一般的；绝对的；完全的如：deadly weapons致命武器；a deadly pallor.死人般的

苍白；deadly enemies.不共戴天的仇敌；：deadly concentration.绝对专心】Neither its cause, nor its cure was understood.其原因及治疗方法都不为人知道。【注释：neither和相关连词nor 连用,

连接并列主语（1）、并列谓语（2）、并列宾语（3） eg. （1）Neither we nor they want it. 我们和

他们都不要它。（2） She neither called nor wrote. 她既没打电话也没写信来。（3） I got neither the gift nor the card.我既没得到礼物，也没得到贺卡。考题：

(2008辽) 1. Bill wasn’t happy about the delay of the report by Jason，and _____.

A．I was neither B．neither was I C．I was either D．either was I

2. If Joe’s wife won’t go to the party，________.

A．he will either B．neither will he C．he neither will D．either he will 】So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak.

所以每当这种疾病爆发的时候，就有数以千计的感到恐惧的人死掉。【注释：every time这是由名词词组

充当连词，引导时间状语从句，类似这种用法的名词短语有：不定代词+time,如：any time; each time;

介词+time 如：by the time…；序数词+time,如： the first/last time…; the +瞬间名词，如：the minute, the moment, the instant “一…就…”； the +时间名词，如： the day, the night, the month, the time…eg. 1) She demands sweets from me every time/each time she sees me. 2) The truck will have arrived

by the time you have all the things packed up. 3) The first time he did the experiment, he succeeded.

4) I’ll give him your message the minute/ the moment/ the instant he arrives. 5) He bought a