though／although和in spite of

329 though／although和in spite of

（介词短语），despite（介词）

两个相反的或对照的陈述语，如He had no qualifications（他没有资格证明）和 He go t the job（他得到了工作），可用下列方法合并到一个句子里：

A 可如上面第 327节所示，用but，however或 nevertheless：

He had no qualifications but he got the job．

他没有资格证明，但他却得到了这份工作。

He had no qualifications；however he got the job/he got the job，howev－ er．

他没有资格证明，但仍然得到了这份工作。

He had no qualifications；nevertheless he got the job．

他没有资格证明，然而他还是得到了这份工作。

B 可以使用 though／although：

He got the job although he had no qualifications．

Although he had no qualifications he got the job．

尽管他没有资格证明，他还是得到了这份工作。

C 可以使用 in spite of／despite+名词／代词／动名词：

In spite of having no qualifications he got the job．

He got the job in spite of having no qualifications．

（译文同上。）

despite（= in spite of）主要用于报刊和正规英语中：

Despite the severe weather conditions all the cars completed the course．

尽管气候条件恶劣，所有车辆都跑完了全程。

D 注意though／although之后要求用主语+动词结构：

Although it was windy...

尽管有风……

in spite of／despite要求带名词／代词或动名词：

In spite of the wind...

（译文同上。）

例句：

Although it smelt horrible...

尽管味道很难闻……相当于：

In spite of the horrible smell...

任凭味道多难闻……

Although it was dangerous...

尽管这很危险……相当于：

In spite of the danger...

哪怕有危险……

Though he was inexperienced...

虽然他没有经验……相当于：

In spite of his inexperience／his being inexperienced...

哪怕他没有经验……

despite，in spite of

Despite用作介词时，与 in spite of同义，都表示“尽管”、“虽然”、“不顾”之意，但程度有所不同。

一般说来，in spite of的语气较强，使用范围也较广； despite的语气较弱，多用于诗歌或正式的文体中。Despite可以写作despite of，也可以写作 in despite of；in spite of则可以写作 spite of，但这些写法已少用了。例：

Despite his advanced years，he is learning to drive．

虽然年事已高，他现在在学驾驶汽车。

Despite the drought，we expect a good crop．

尽管天旱，丰收依然在望。

In spite of the police brandishing their clubs and pistols，people showed not the slightest fear．

尽管警方挥动着短棍及手枪，但人们毫不畏惧。

We arrived at the station in spite of the storm．

虽然有暴风雨，我们依旧准点到达火车站。

应当在此指出的是，在现代英语里，despite和in spite of的差距已日渐缩小，很多人已将它们互换使用。

Despite除作介词外，尚可用作名词，表示“蔑视”、“憎恨”、“无意对待”之意。例：

The old woman died of despite．

那位老大娘饮恨而死。

He tripped me out of despite，not by accident．

他绊倒我是出于恶意，不是出于意外。

在上列两句中，despite用作名词，它亦可改写为spite.