大学英语外报外刊阅读教程(第二版)课后习题参考答案

大学英语外报外刊阅读教程教学参考手册第二版端木义万主编Lesson 26Answers to the QuestionsV. 1. B 2. D 3. A 4. CVI.1. The author thinks that the millennial generation is a generation that primps, dyes, pulls and shapes, younger and with more vigor.2. Experian’s research finds that 43 percent of 6-to-9-year-olds are already using lipstick and lip gloss, 38 percent use hairstyling products and 12 percent use other cosmetics.3. This is a group that’s grown up on pop culture that screams, again and again, that everything, everything, is a candidate for upgrading. Ads for the latest fashions, makeup tips and grooming products are circulated with a speed and fury unique to this millennium —on millions of ads, message boards and Facebook pages.4. Statistics from the American Society for Aesthetic Plastic Surgery show cosmetic-surgery procedures performed on those 18 and younger have nearly doubled over the past decade.5. The author, by ―level the playing field‖, means that standards of beauty are ubiquitous and people of all kinds have the same cosmetic options available to them.OutlineI. (1) Specific example of Marleigh’s beauty careII. (2—4) Millennial generation’s obsession with beauty1. Starting grooming and beauty treatments at an early age2. Surveys and findingsIII. (5) Analysis of the trend1. Diva-ization of the generation2. Influence of pop culture and adsIV. (6—7) Effects of the trend1. Waste of time and money2. Big increase of young people seeking cosmetic treatmentsLesson 27Answers to the QuestionsV. 1. D 2. C 3. D 4. AVI.1. Conserve is a Delhi non-profit organization recycling plastic bags into accessories. Anita Ahuja started it in order to clean up the streets of the Indian capital and help people who have problems.2. When Anita Ahuja’s homemade products were popular at a fair at the US embassy, she realized she had finally found a successful recipe and decided to venture into accessories.3. She, by using contracts in the Delhi government, got Conserve IDs for her ragpickers. She also got certificates of endorsement from Delhi’s chief minister and prominently displayed her own clout at the different units. She put together a group of garbage collectors, who, acting as middlemen, buy the plastic bags from 150 pickers in different pockets of the city. In this way, she ensured a regular supply of plastic bags.4. The bags are sliced open, then washed in detergent, dipped in basil-scented water and hung out in the sun to dry, and after that were layered and compressed by heat in an ovenlike contraption. Staff and professional tailors then cut them out and sew the sheets into Conserve’s belts, bags and wallets.5. It was difficult to train the trash pickers on the nuances of the different plastic bags because they spoke different dialects.6. Anita Ahuja has turned down the suggestion of handing over the fabric because making the fabric alone is not so profitable.OutlineI. (1-3) Brief accounts of Conserve1. Conserve’s business2. Anita Ahuja’s purpose in starting Conserve3. Conserve’s successII. (4-6) Conserve’s initial stage of development1. Ahuja’s development of the idea of recycling plastic bags2. Experiments with plastic bag recycling3. Ahuja’s way to ensure a regular supply of plastic bagsIII. (7-13) Conserve’s business management1. Conserve’s way of recycling plastic bags2. Payment to collectors and pickers3. Training of trash pickers4. Markets for Conserve’s productsIV. (14-16) The way to gain capital for business development1. Setting up a for-profit unit2. Use of the money to pay the rent on a new factory3. Turning down the suggestion of handing over the fabricV. (17) Bharti Sharma’s success at ConserveLesson 28Answers to the QuestionsV. 1. D 2. B 3. B 4. AVI.1. Zach’s walk was 650-mile long. The aim of the walk was to raise funds to help homelesschildren.2. Zach started the organization four years ago. By the end of the year, they had 27 truckloads of aid.3. The walk was very hard. They spent two months trudging 10 or 13miles a day along swelteringback roads.4. They raise money for their philanthropic organization through tutoring. They use the money todistribute blankets, clothing and soap to Washington’s homeless.5. When Brittany and Robbie Berguist heard about a soldier overseas who couldn’t pay the phonebill for his calls home, they raised money by selling back old cellphones to be recycled. Since then, the siblings have sent more than 600,000 phone cards to troops and raised more than $ 5 million. For their philanthropic work, Brittany had been awarded so many community-service scholarships that she has enough to cover the entire cost of Stonehill College, and even the cost of graduate school.6. Zach’s walk raised about $ 50,000. He plans to use some of the money for a playground at anemergency foster-care shelter at Tampa and for bedding, computers and other supplies at Sasha Bruce Youthwork.OutlineI. (1-2) Zach’s final stage of the 650-mile fundraising walkII. (3-8) Zach’s Little Red Wagon Foundation1. Zach’s identity2. Development of the Little Red Wagon Foundation3. Media’s attention to the Little Red Wagon FoundationIII. (9-18) American children’s philanthropic efforts1. Children’s change of image from mere poster children into high-profile CEO of their ownfoundations2. Timothy Hwang and Minsoo Han’s organization of Operation Fly3. Effects of child philanthropic efforts4. Efforts made by Brittany and Robbie Bergquist to help American soldiers abroad5. Rewards to Brittany for her philanthropic effortsIV. (19-23) Zach’s fundraising walk1. Distance covered each day2. Hardship endured on the way3. Fund raised by the walk and the planned way to use the fund4. Zach’s stress on the nee d to help homeless childrenV. (24-25) Social Support for Zach’s walk1. Sponsors for the walk2. Zach’s gratitude for the support and attentionLesson 29Answers to the QuestionsV. 1. A 2. D 3. B 4. CVI.1. They play an important role in the U.S. economy. They produce more than $1 trillion in annual revenues. Major credit card companies and banks are eager to get their business.2. They work really hard. More than 4 in 10 work at least 6 days a week and 52 percent take less than a week off a year. When they aren’t at work, 59 percent still take calls and Emails3. Most people think that the business of small businesses declines in summer because they believe customers go on vacation during summer.4. The stock market changes don’t have an impact on them. Over half insist that the stock market doesn’t reflect economic reality.5. According to Discover, a third of small business owners said that housing’s slide and the ensuing credit crisis have a significant impact on their business.OutlineI. (1) Size, number, and importance of mom and pop businessesII. (2) Discover’s surveys of mom and pop businessesIII. (3-9) Major findings about the real world of mom and pop businesses1. The owner’s view on being his/her own boss2. Normal working hours3. Business during the summer4. Stock market changes’ impact on mom and pop businesses5. Fuel price changes’ impact on mom and pop businesses6. Health care provision mandate’s impact on mom and pop businesses7. Minimum wage increase’s impact on mom and pop businessesIV. (10 - 11) This summer's mortgage fallout on small businessLesson 30Answers to the QuestionsV. 1. C 2. D 3. D 4. AVI.1. It provides bus transportation, hotel lodging and, tailgate food and entertainment.2. He is launching a virtual coffee marketplace that matches javaholics with independent roasters and their beans across the country3. Wor king in Corporate America doesn’t hold the same appeal because large employers are downsizing, and high entry salaries and stock options are less common now.4. Berlin thinks that as a student, the risk of starting an entrepreneurial venture is relatively minimal and there is often little money to lose5. According to Preiss, the coffee market place is moving toward customers who view it more like wine. They care where it comes from, where it is grown and the quality of the beans.OutlineI. Specific example of Calle and Berlin(1-4) 1. Change from football fans into entrepreneurs2. Starting a business that serves football fansII. Fashion of college students’ launching businesses(5-8) 1. Students’ entrepreneurial venture across the US.2. Example at Georgia State University3. Example at Emory University4. Example at Morehouse CollegeIII. Students’ interest in business and the reasons for their interest(9-18) 1. Students’ keen interest in business2. Reasons fo r students’ keen interest in starting up a businessa. Repression’s impactb. Minimal risk of initial investmentc. Advantage provided by the technologyVI. Way of business development(19-30) 1. SEC Excursion’s way of developing business2. David Preiss’s way of developing his coffee businessLesson 31Answers to the QuestionsV. 1. C 2. D 3. B 4. AVI.1. US President Bush called the G-20 summit.2. The G-20 is expected to design new roles to meet the global financial crisis.3. According to the author, the G-20 summit is likely to be remembered not so much for the action taken as for the milestone it marked and the emerging global economic order it heralded.4. The new international economic order will reflect a diffusion of economic power and responsibility to countries like China, Brazil, and South Korea.5. They welcome the expansion of the world economic club to include them. But they are also demanding a bigger role in international economic decision-making.6. He recognizes the growing role of developing economies. He expects the summit to take up special reforms that acknowledge a changed world.7. He warned against overzealous attempts to reinvent the system.OutlineI. (1-3) Appearance of the G-20 and the significance1. Appearance of the G-202. Significance of its appearanceII. (4-7) Likely achievement of the G-20 summit1. No significant accords expected2. A likely call for broad international participation in effort to stimulate global economy3. Likely formation of working groups4. The likely host for a follow-up summitIII. (8-10) Impact of the G-20 summit1. A new international economic order2. Recognition of the importance of emerging economic powersIV. (11-14) Developing economic powers’ responses1. Welcoming to expansion of the world economic club2. Demanding the recognition of particular needsa.Access to investment fundsb.Dependence on export marketsV. (15-18) Bush’s attitudes and expectations1. Recognizing the growing role of developing economic powers2. Expecting specific reforms to improve the system3. Warning against overzealous attempts to reinvent the free-market systemLesson 32Answers to the QuestionsV. 1. C 2. D 3. B 4. DVI.1. Ten years ago, Amazon sold books.2. Today, Amazon’s business in Britain is very large. It is receiving 1 million orders a day, having transformed itself into a giant shopping mall. It is now challenging all the major high street chains for the title of Britain’s biggest retailer.3. It is expanding very fast. Earlier this yea r it opened one of Europe’s largest warehouses in Swansea, 60% bigger than its existing monster-sized distribution center in Milton Keynes. But already the firm is seeking a site for another huge warehouse. It is tooling up for its next move, with the launch early next year of a low-cost, music download service that could rival Apple iTunes.4 The traditional way of online shopping in Britain is searching out the cheapest price for eachindividual purchase at price comparison websites and then ordering from a raft of different retailers. The author says that this way may now be redundant because Amazon offers the cheapest prices for most products.5. The main reason for Amazon’s offer of cheaper prices is the benefit of scale: no shops and no staff in them, and no carrying inventory in 500 different places at the same time. Huge volumes of business enable Amazon to get better commercial terms than anyone else.6. By ―the social aspect to shopping‖ the author means that a lot of customers want to be able to pop around to a local shop, talk about a product, speak to the shopkeeper and have a chit-chat.7. The out-of-town shopping centers and online retailers will cause the bankruptcy of local independent stores and the disappearance of money from the locality.8. According to Guardian Money, if customers buy all their Christmas presents on Amazon, they should be aware that if the item breaks down after six months, it appears that all the company will offer them back is 10% — 20% of the initial price.OutlineI. (1-4) Development of Amazon in Britain1. Transformation into a giant shopping mall2. Further expansion3. Price competitiveness4. Many online competitors’ decision to join Amazon’s marketplaceII. (5-6) Reasons for Amazon’s price competitiveness1. Benefit of scale2. Ability to get better commercial termsIII. (7-10) Impacts of Amazon’s development on Britain1. Posing a threat to Britain’s local independent stores2. Causing the loss of social contact in shopping3. Taking money out of the local areas4. Explanation given by Amazon’s Brian McBrideIV. (11-20) Problems with Amazon’s service1. No full protection of customers’ interests when products are found shoddy2. Case of David Handly3. Case of Ray FerrisLesson 33Answers to the QuestionsV. 1. D 2. D 3. A 4. CVI.1. Louis Gill has taken to laying out cots and mattresses between the shelter’s 174 registered beds to cope with the rush of homeless families brought to his doors by the financial crisis.2. According to Louis Gill, in the preceding year homeless families increased by 34 percent and homeless children increased by 24 percent.3. The author thinks that the recession has caused ravages including a surge in foreclosures and unemployment approaching 10 percent and driven thousands of families onto the streets.4. According to administration officials, the typical homeless person has changed to become less focused on the chronologically homeless or single individual homeless to somebody who is part ofa family whether it be a mother or a father, or a child in a homeless family.5. The life of homeless young women is particularly fraught with danger because they are at much greater risk of being victimized when they have no stable home. It can be more difficult to obtain needed services.6. They suggest that rural and suburban areas were particularly ill-equipped to cope with the new wave of homelessness7. The department has allocated $1.5 billion over the next three years to combat homelessness nationwide.OutlineI. (1-2) Specific example of Bakersfield Homeless Center1. Going beyond capacity to cope with the rush of homeless families2. Fast increase of homeless families and childrenII. (3-5) Change in the make-up of homeless people1. Gill’s idea about the changea. Original stereotype of a homeless personb. Present increase of people becoming homeless due to the economic crisis2. Government figures supporting Gill’s experienceIII. (6-11) HUD’s report about the homeless1. Increase of homeless families nationwide and in rural and suburban areas2. Distribution of homeless people3. Change of homeless stereotypes4. Dangerous situation faced by homeless women5. Issues left out in the reportIV. (12-15) HUD’s study and findings1. Way of study: measuring changes in the number of homeless people2. Case study’s findingsa. Inability of rural and suburban areas to cope with the new wave of homeless peopleb. Increase of homeless people in some statesc. Case of a Kentucky emergency shelterV. (16) Efforts made by HUD and local areas to help the homelessLesson 34Answers to the QuestionsV. 1. C 2. A 3. A 4. AVI.1. In 2003, the Congress passed the federal Partial-Birth Abortion Ban.2. The three lower courts criticize the law because the law does not have an exception for protecting the health of pregnant women.3. The Supreme Court upheld the federal Partial-Birth Abortion Ban4. They hold that the ban is harmful to women’s health and interferes with medical decision making and opens the floodgates for states to chip away at Roe.5. Jay Sekulow believes that state legislatures will now be emboldened to pass other restrictions, including ones requiring informed consent.6. According to David Masci, abortion could become a more visible issue in the next presidential election, and at the very least, the ruling will force candidates, who have already weighed in along partisan lines, to speak more clearly about where they stand7. If the majority comes to see the decision as the first step towards dismantling Roe, it would mobilize Americans in ways abortion opponents would regret.OutlineI. (1—3) Supreme Court’s ruling and its effect1. Illegality of partial-birth abortion2. Supreme Court’s ruling to uphold the federal Partial-Birth Abortion Ban3. Limited effect of the rulingII. (4—6) Views on the ruling’s impact1. Abortion-rights activists’ view2. Abortion opponents’ view3. Jay Sekulow’s viewIII. (7) Ruling’s effect on politicians: forcing them to speak even more clearly about their stand IV. (8) Prospects of anti-abortion movementLesson 35Answers to the QuestionsV. 1.B 2. D 3. C 4. AVI.1. David Shipler’s description of the bleak world of the American working poor is a kind of domino model of a downward economic spiral.2. His book is based on his interviews of scores of people. The book lacks the first-person focus and angry wit of Nickel and Dimed. But poverty is in the details, and he lays those in abundance.3. Convenience stores in poor neighborhoods routinely advance cash to their customers at the at interest rates of about 20% for a two-week loan. If the debt can’t be paid, it’s gladly rolled over——for another 20%. One study in Illinois found that the average customer had 10 renewals of that kind, which meant that in the space of a few months, he or she owed twice as much in interest that had been borrowed.4. The essence of Shipler’s message is that working poverty is a seamless web of challenges, some personal, some erected by a society content to let the federal minimum wage languish at a $5.15 an hour.5. Unscrupulous bosses make workers falsify their time sheets so that they can work longer hours for the same pay. Labor contractors deduct exorbitant housing costs from the worker’s pay, but warehouse them in filthy barracks.6. Shipler’s solutions are a higher minimum wage, better job training and medical coverage for the almost 44 million who have none.7. The author says so because the working poor don’t vote in anything like the numbers of their more affluent neighbors, therefore carry no real weight and the economic situation is gloomy, the economic boom of the 90s is gone, the job creation is feeble, and the time limits on welfare are kicking in.OutlineI. (1) Shipler’s description of the working poor’s lifeII. (2-5) Aim, features, essence of the book1. Shipler’s aim in writing the book2. Main features of the book3. Shipler’ dissection of the extortionate are loan fees4. Essence of Shipler’s messageIII. (6-7) Analysis of the working poor’s own problems1. Problems on the part of the working poor2. Nothing to fall back on when they stumbleIV. Shipler’s solution and the author’s commentLesson 36Answers to the QuestionsV. 1. C 2. A 3. B 4. BVI.1.Tom Mauser is the father of Columbine victim Daniel Mauser. He maintains a memorial pageto his son because he wants to arouse Americans’ attention to the gun violence problem and get their action.2.America’s gun violence is very serious. Each year America loses 11,000 to gun homicide, andthree times that number are injured.3. The reasons for Americans’inaction about gun violence problem are the gun lobby’s greatinfluence on the public and American s’ fear about an armed takeover. They are convinced that any form of gun control is a major step toward the total elimination of all guns.4. No, punishment alone isn’t enough because in most cases once they lose loved ones it is toolate, and because punishment doesn’t stop shooters intent on committing suicide following their rampage.5. They put the issue on the statewide ballot and won by a margin of 70 percent to 30 percent.6. The author suggests that Americans should put more measures on the ballot or learn to putmore pressure on elected officials to offset the relentless badgering of the gun lobby.I. (1-3) American’s reaction to the frequent gun violence1. Tom Mauser’s effort to get public attention to the gun violence problem2. Need for far more attention and action3. Most Americans’ passive reaction to gun violenceII. (4) Serious extent of gun violenceIII. (5-6) Reasons f or Americans’ weak reaction to gun violence1. Powerful influence of the gun lobby2. Public fear about armed takeover and total elimination of all gunsIV. (7-10) Difficulty in preventing gun violence1. Punishment’s limited effect2. Existence of the gaping gun loophole3. Sale of military style assault weapons4. Political leaders’ submission to the hard-core gun supportersV. (11-12) Measures to solve the gun violence problem1. Colorado’s measures to close the gun show loophole2. Need to put more measure on the ballot and more pressure on elected officialsVI. (13-14) Gloomy prospects1. Difficulty is enforcing reasonable restrictions due to gun lobby’s stranglehold on policy makers2. Overwhelming voices of fearLesson 37Answers to the QuestionsV. 1. B 2. A 3. A 4. DVI.1. It was the most powerful ever in the region, measured a preliminary magnitude of 7.0. It rockedthe island of Haiti, collapsing a hospital, the presidential palace and other buildings, triggering massive panic and claiming thousands of lives.2. The earthquake was so destructive because it measured a magnitude of 7.0, was centered about10 miles west of Port-au-Prince and was shallow, and it hit one of the city’s most denselypopulated areas.3. According to Fajardo, relief efforts were hampered by poor road conditions and lack of security.4. The installations of the UN Peacekeeping Force sustained serious damage. The headquarterscollapsed and troops were trying to find survivors amid the wreckage of the five-story building.5. The US government promised to provide both civilian and military disaster relief andhumanitarian assistance.6. US officials planned to send teams to assess Haiti’s needs, but first they wanted to determinewhether airport runways were able to receive cargo planes.I. (1) NewsleadSummary of the news story about the Haiti earthquakeII. (2 – 4) Impact of the earthquake1. Catastrophic destruction2. Issuing of tsunami alerts and reports about aftershocksIII. (5) Specifics about the earthquakeSize and location of the earthquake and time of its occurrenceIV. (6 – 9) Details about the effects of the earthquake1. Casualties and damages2. Stern’s account3. Photos showing damagesV. (10 – 11) Background information about Haiti’s1. Poverty2. Disasters caused by storms, military coups and gang violenceVI. (12 - 18) More details about the quake’s damages1. Rodger’s account2. Fajardo’s account3. Joseph’s account4. Alain LeRoy’s accountVII. (19 - 26) America’s response to the quake1. Obama’s pledge to help2. Hillary Clinton’s offer of help3. US Embassy personnel’s account4. US officials’ planVIII. (27 - 30) Further details about the earthquake’s damages1. AP’s account2. Godfrey’s account3. Impact on Cap-Haiten: little damage4. Buzard’s accountLesson 38Answers to the QuestionsV. 1. B 2. C 3. C 4. AVI.1. President Lech Kaczynski’s plane crashed in Smolensk, Western Russia on April 10, 20102. The aim of President Lech Kacz ynski’s trip was to attend the commemoration of the KatynForest Massacre.3. The crash killed 97 people, of whom 88 were passengers.4. The crash was a stunning blow to Poland and threw the whole nation into grief. Poles mournedthe death of their leaders and united in their grief. Thousands massed outside the PresidentialPalace, laying flowers and lighting candles.5. Relationship between Poland and Russia has been strained ever since the Katyn ForestMassacre. The crash happened at the moment that the two countries were beginning to come to terms with the killing of Poland’s officers. So, the relationship took a chilling twist. For poles, it was a wound which is difficult to heal.6. The Law and Justice Party lost numerous important leaders in addition to the president.Although Mr. Kaczynski had been trailing far behind his opponent in the polls, the outpouring of sympathy from the mourning public might benefit his party in the moved-up presidential election.7. According to the article, Russia’s leaders, acutely aware of the potential fallout of the crash,immediately reached out to Poland with condolences. Mr. Putin left Moscow to meet Mr. Tusk at the site of the crash, and President Medvedev recorded an address to the Polish people, saying, ―All Russians share your sorrow and mouring.‖OutlineI. (1 – 2 ) News leadSummary of the news story about the Polish jet crashII. (3 – 5) Impact of the crash on the relationship between Poland and Russia1. A stunning blow to Poland2. A difficult-to-heal woundIII. (6 – 7) Possible cause of the crash1. Air traffic controllers’ warning and order2. Plane’s descent in spite of the warning and the orderIV. (8) Information about the passengersV. (9 – 15) Polish people’s reaction to the crash1. National grief over the crash2. Examples of Niemczyk, Figurski and Tusk3. Background information about the aim of the trip4. Welesa’s comment on the crash: the second disaster after KatynVI. (16 – 18) Effects of the crash on Poland’s politics and relations with other c ountries1. Repercussions on the coming presidential election2. Effects on Poland’s relationship with other countriesVII. (19 – 22) The two governments’ responses1. Kaczynski and Tusk’s arrival at Katyn2. Background information about the two countrie s’ half-a-century relationship3. Russian leaders’ prompt offer of condolencesVIII. (23 - 26) Additional information about the cause of the crash1. Category and age of the plane2. Officials’ repeated request for a replacement of the plane3. Russian ne ws media’s reports about the crashIX. (27 - 29) Additional information about the passengers1. Number of Polish passengers2. Information about the high ranking passengers3. Information about KaczynskiX. (30 - 31) Impact on Poland’s plan to host America’s missiles1. Kaczynski’s support for the plan2. Unlikely change of the planLesson 39Answers to the QuestionsV. 1. D 2. C 3. B 4. CVI.1. The early returns from Afghanistan’s presidential election had the smell of a decorous massage job.2. Karzai is very good at the traditional form of Afghan politics, crating alliances among tribal and ethnic factions. He distributes money to those allies and in this way gain their support.3. The military situation in Afghanistan has deteriorated. The Taliban have grown in strength. It is widely expected General McChrystal will be requesting more troops.4. No. Obama’s dilemma is not as stark as has been posed in recent press accounts. The military has become far more nuanced when it comes to making requests of Presidents. The negotiations about what McChrystal can officially request will not take place anywhere near the public eye. It is very likely that more troops will be sent. Most Democrats have little desire to reverse themselves. They don’t want to hurt the President, and they don’t want to be perceived as weak on defense come election time.OutlineI. (1) Election situation1. Early returns from the presidential election2. Fraudulent managementII. (2) Absurdity of holding the election1. Factors preventing a fair election2. Karzai’s problemsIII. (3) Military situation in Afghanistan1. Taliban’s growth of strength2. Expected request from General McChrystal for more troopsIV. (4-6) Discussion about Obama’s next move1. Analysis of the situation facing Obamaa. Not a dilemma as stark as has been posed in recent press accountsb. The military’s response: far more nuanced in making requestsc. Most democrats’ response: having little desire to reverse themselves2. Discussion about the right thing to do in Afghanistana. Nothing wrong with the invasionb. Wrong to ignore traditional Afghan ways of social organizationc. Legitimate to question the present way of Afghan nation-buildingd. Need to work out a better plan。