六级语法

四、六级考研常考语法点清单

1.被动句

英语多被动汉语多主动，还要警惕名词与动词之间暗含的主被动关系

e.g.在情况更糟糕的之前应该采取有效措施、

Effective and efficient measures should be taken before things get worse.

据说/相传五千年前中国的一位帝王发现了茶并用它来治病。

It is said that the tea was found by the king and used to cure diseases in ancient China 5000 years.

月饼被视为中秋节不可或缺的美食。

The mooncake is regarded as an indispensable food of the Mid-Autumn Festival.

2.名词从句

本质：把完整的句子当作名词来使用，在一个句子里面充当某种成分。

2.1 主语从句

主语长句：一个从句做主语

主语从句+ 主语的其他成分

英语当中有后重的原则

e.g.很多家长担心的是网络或计算机游戏可能影响孩子的学习。What makes many parents worried is that internet and computer games may influence children’s study.

What- 部分属于主语从句+ is +that –表语从句

红色部分句子分析--主语：互联网和电脑游戏－主语＋影响－谓语＋孩子的学习

－宾语。

2.2表语从句

简单句：主语+系动词+表语

e.g.1这就是为什么中国被称之为“自行车的王国”

this is why +句子

This is why China is called the kingdom of bikes.

e.g.2在团队比赛中，实战是能提升我们合作意识的方法。

→In team games，actual combat is w hat can enhance our sense of cooperation .

→In team games，actual combat isthe way/method which can enhance our sense of cooperation.

2.3宾语从句—一个从句充当主句的宾语

[及物动词]: 动词＋that＋宾语从句

[不及物动词]：动词＋介词＋that＋宾语从句

e.g. 1很多人依靠借贷，他们的生活质量用他们能借到多少钱来衡量而非能挣到多少钱。

A host of people live on loan,and their life quality is measured by how much they can borrow rather than(by) how much they can earn.

分析：介词+ how much --宾语从句

语序调整：They can borrow how much.

e.g.2 中国现在7%的经济年增长目标表明政府在重视生活质量而不是增长速度。

分析：

增长目标growth target

增长速度growth rate

→China’s annual economic growth target is 7% which/that demonstrates /shows that the government attaches great importance to people’s lift quality rather than the growth rate.

分析：Which-定语从句+ shows that –宾语从句

e.g.3 明智的人不为别人的想法所影响

所影响= 被影响

→ A wise man will not be influenced by what others think.

What others think = others think what

What 在宾语从句中做think 的宾语

2.4同位语从句

从句解释某个名词，即名词和句子的之间的内容为“等号”关系。同位语从句v.s.定语从句

两种从句的区分在于：

作用上：同位语从句是对一个名词的补充解释

定语从句是对先行词的限定修饰

结构上：同位语从句解释说明的名词在从句中不做任何成分

定语从句修饰的名词在从句中充当一个成分

I had a dream last night.

The dream was that China’s National Football team won the Champion in the World Cup.

I had a dream last night that China’s National Football team won the Champion in the World Cup.

同位语从句中that 不做成分也不可以省略

e.g. 汉语：我梦想有一天，这个国将会奋起，实现其立国信条的真谛，我们认为这些真理不言自明：人人生而平等

I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed ,we hold the truths to be self –evident that all man are equal.

e.g.2其他人持有不同的观点：网购也会带来一些问题

others hold the different idea that online shopping brings/generates some /certain problems .

同位语从句往往位于抽象名词之后：fact/ idea/ proposal/ opinion……