十.非谓语动词之动名词
非谓语动词-动名词知识点总结
非谓语动词(the Non-Finite Verbs)---动名词非谓语动词是指在句子中不充当谓语的动词，主要包括不定式、动名词和分词(现在分词和过去分词)，即动词的非谓语形式。
非谓语动词除了不能独立作谓语外，可以承担句子的其他成分。
动名词既具有动词的一些特征，又具有名词的句法功能。
Ⅰ、动名词的形式：一般式(谓语动词同时发生)doingbeing done完成式(谓语动词发生之前)having donehaving been done否定式:not + 动名词一般式:Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。
被动式:He came to the party without being invited.他未被邀请就来到了晚会。
完成式:We remembered having seen the film. 我们记得看过这部电影。
完成被动式:He forgot having been taken to Guangzhou when he was five years old.他忘记五岁时曾被带到广州去过。
否定式:not + 动名词I regret not following his advice. 我后悔没听他的劝告。
复合结构:物主代词(或名词所有格)+ 动名词He suggested our trying it once again. 他建议我们再试一次。
His not knowing English troubled him a lot.他不懂英语给他带来许多麻烦。
Ⅱ、动名词的句法功能:一、作主语:Reading aloud is very helpful. 朗读是很有好处的。
Collecting stamps is interesting. 集邮很有趣。
当动名词短语作主语时常用it作形式主语。
It's no use quarreling.争吵是没用的。
二、作表语:In the ant city,the queen's job is laying eggs.在蚂蚁王国，蚁后的工作是产卵。
非谓语--动名词
注:动名词和不定式都可以作主语或表语,没有太大区别.在表示经常习惯性动作多用动名词;在表示具体某次动作,特别是将来的动作时,多用不定式.
Their job is building houses.Our task now is to increase food production.
After riding a bike for an hour, I stopped____________(walk)
They talked loudly. I told them to stop talking.
8) like/love/hate to do做具体的事情like/love/hate doing表习惯
2)regret to do表遗憾地(说)regretdoing/having done表后悔
I regret____________(say)I must leave tomorrow.I regret not having told her earlier.
3) mean to do计划,打算做meandoing意味着做某事
The man lost the key, so he tried opening the door with a new key.
5) go on to do继续做一件与前面内容不同的事
go on doing继续做一件与前面内容一致的事
She waved to me and went on painting.The old man read a poem, then went on to tell a story.
非谓语动词不定式,动名词讲解
非谓语动词【非谓语动词】构成：（to ）+动词原形动词不定式非 在句中的作用（除谓语动词外的任何成分）谓 构成：V.-ing语 动名词动 用法（主、宾、表、定）词构成：V. -ing / V.-ed （规则变化）分词用法（表、补、定、状）（一）动名词一、动名词的构成：动名词一般由“动词原形+ing ”构成二、动名词的句法功能功能 例句 说明主语 Eating too much is bad for your health.吃得太多对你的健康有害。
谓语动词用单数形式。
宾语 动词宾语 介词宾语I like playing basketball very much.我非常喜欢打篮球。
Stamps are used for sending letters.邮票是被用来寄信的。
表示一般的习惯或抽象行为或经常性的动作。
表语 His hobby is collecting stamps. =Collecting stamps is his hobby. 多数情况下，动名词作表语可转化成作主语。
定语She is in the reading room.她在阅览室。
We should improve our teachingmethods.我们应该改进教学方法。
只表明它所修饰的词的用途、所属关系等。
置于所修饰词之前。
1.动名词作主语动名词作主语相当于一个名词，谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式Looking after us was a full-time job,so she stay at home.Collecting stamps is interesting.*动名词作主语表示抽象概念或一般性的动作或情况。
当动名词作主语时常用it作形式主语。
如在it is no use/no good/not any use/not any good/useless doing sth. 句式中，就用it作形式主语，动名词作真正的主语；而动词不定式做主语表示具体的或一次性的动作。
非谓语动词-动名词
Nodding the head means agreement. 点头 表示同意。
Reading English in the morning will bring benefits to you.
早晨朗读英文会给你带来许多好处。
Little Tom likes watching cartoon. 小汤姆爱看动画片。
完成式：表示动名词的动作发生在谓语动作之前
I regret having taken her advice. 我后悔 采纳了她的建议。
He was praised for having made a great progress. 由于取得很大的进步，他受到了表扬。
眼见为实。
2. （动名词和不定式作主语，一般都可以使用形式 主语 it，而将动名词或不定式放在句尾。） 下列句型中，宜用动名词作真正主语： It’s no use /good doing … It’s a waste of time doing …
而在 It’s important/necessary to do sth 这类句型 中，只能用不定式作真正主语:
To play with fire will be dangerous. 玩火是危险的。
下列几种情况中不能互换：
1. 主语和表语的形式须一致
（当表语是动名词时，主语也要用动名词； 当表语是不定式时，主语也要用不定式）
Seeing is believing. To see is to believe.
他忙于准备功课。
注：
有些动词后面，既可跟动名词也可跟不定 式作宾语，但意义不同。
doing 记得曾经做过... remember
高中英语语法 非谓语动词 动名词的用法课件(共58张PPT)
3) I shall never forget seeing the famous writer． 我__永__远___不__会__忘__记__见__到__过__那__位__著__名__ 作__家__。_
4) Don’t forget to write to your mother． 不__要__忘__了__给__你__母__亲__写__信__。_
E. go on doing 和 go on to do go on doing 继续做一直在做的事； go on to do 接着做另一件事。如：
1) 请接着做这同一个练习。
P__le_a_s_e_g_o__o_n_d_o_i_n_g_ the same exercise． 2) 请做另外一个练习。 P_l_e_a_s_e_g_o_o_n__t_o_d_o_ the other exercise．
一般式 完成式
主动形式 doing
having done
被动形式 being done having been done
一. 作主语 动名词作主语时，句子有三种形式：
①动名词直接置于句首主语的位置上。 1) 捉弄别人是我们万万不能干的.
_P_la_y_i_n_g_t_r_i_ck__s_o_n_o_t_h_e_r_s_ is something we should never do． 2) 学习新单词对我来说非常重要。
_it_i_s_p_l_e_a_sa_n__t _w_o_r___w_i_t_h_y_o_u_．_____
③ 在there be结构中作主语，这种结 构的意思相当于“It is impossible to do… ” 如：
动词的非谓语形式有三种不定式动名和分词
注①
admit，appreciate，avoid，consider, delay, dislike，enjoy，escape, excuse，face，feel like，finish，forgive，give up, imagine，include，keep，mention，mind，miss，practise，put off，resist, risk，suggest，can’t help，can’t stand(无法忍受)等动词后可以用动名词作宾语，但不能用不定式．
2
动名词的复合结构同由
物主代词
人称代词宾格 +动名词 构成
名词所有格
普通格加
2
2．动名词的复合结构
句子开头必须用名词所有格或物主代词．
例如: His coming made me very happy． Mary’s crying annoyed him. She didn't mind his crying． Is there any hope for Xiao Wang’s winning?
但在 It is no use／ good，not any use／ good，useless /there is no …等后必须用动名词。 例如：
01
02
2)作表语．
例如： Her job is teaching.
He is fond of playing football．
01
I like swimming.
I must remember to do it. (我必须记着做这事．) I tried not to go there． (我没法不去那里． He stopped to talk. (他停下来讲话．) I mean to come early today. (我打算今早些来．)
非谓语--动名词(已整理)
必修四Unit 2 语法----动名ing （作主语，宾语）姓名：_______非谓语动词：1.动名词：（可作主语，宾语，表语，定语，宾语补足语）2.动词不定3.分词动名词的时态,语态主动形式被动形式一般式doing being done完成式having done having been done 否定式在动名词（doing）前加上not动名词：一般式动名词一般式所表示的动作可与谓语动作同时,也可在谓语动作之前或之后,有时可能没有明确的先后关系1. 没有明确的先后关系。
Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。
Being careless is not a good habit. 粗心不是一个好习惯。
His job is teaching. 他的工作是教书。
Finding work is difficult these days. 现在找工作可不容易。
2. 与谓语动作同时发生。
He kept smiling. 他不停地笑。
We had a good time in dancing with them. 我们同他们跳舞玩得很开心。
3. 发生在谓语动作之前。
I apologize for not having kept my promise．我为没能遵守诺言表示歉意。
He was praised for having made such a contribution to the country．他对国家做了大的贡献而受到表扬After reading your letter I knew what had happened. 看了你的信后我就知道出什么事了。
4. 发生在谓语动作之后。
He suggested bringing out a new type of bike. 他建议生产一种新型的自行车。
I am thinking of going to the Industrial Exhibition this afternoon．我想下午去看工业展览。
非谓语之动名词
必
背 只接动词-ing形式而不接不定式作宾语的动词有： admit 承认 appreciate 感激 avoid 避免 put off 推迟 keep 保持 consider 考虑
delay 耽搁 excuse 原谅
fancy想不到
dislike 嫌恶 practice 练习
feel like 意欲
B 动词-ing形式的完成式 动词-ing形式的完成式表示一个已完成的动作，这个动作 发生或完成在谓语动词表示的动作之前。 Having lived in this city for three years, she knows it very well. 点 津 在现代英语中，作宾语的动词-ing形式的完成式可用一般 式来代替。 I really regretted missing such an exciting lecture. 错过了这么振奋人心的演讲，我真的很遗憾。
动词-ing形式的被动形式表示它的逻辑主语是动词-ing 形式表示的动作的承受者。 The question being discussed is very important. 正在讨论的问题很重要。
I can‘t stand being kept waiting. 我不堪久等。
Having been shown the lab, we were taken to see the school library. 在被带去看了实验室之后，我们又被带去参观校图书 馆。
2 为了保持句子平衡，通常用先行词it作形式主语， 而把真正的主语放在句末。 It is no use crying over spilt milk. 作无益的后悔是没有用的。 It's a waste of time arguing about it. 争论这事是浪费时间。
非谓语动词(non-finite verbs)
在英语中，不做句子谓语，而具有谓语外其他语法功能的动词中，叫“非谓语动词”非谓语动词包括：动词不定式（the Infinitive）动名词（the Gerund）现在分词（the Present Participle）过去分词（the Past Participle）Ⅰ。
动词不定式：动词不定式有两种，带“to”和不带“to（动词原型）”，有人称之为“光秃不定式”，在大多数情况下不定式都带to，动词不定式由“to+动词原型”，这里的to是不定式标志，没有词义，不定式具有名词，形容词，或副词的某些语法功能，又有动词的时态和语态。
一：1。
不定式做主语：eg : To over come the problem is very difficult不定式做主语，往往用it做形式主语，真正的主语不定式放置句子后面：eg : It‟s so nice to hear your voice.但是，用不定式做主语的句子中还有一个不定式做表语时，不能用it‟s…to…的句型eg : To teach is to learn.比较“it‟s for sb和it‟s of sb1)for sb句型中的形容词一般为表示事物的特征特点，表示客观形式的形容词，如”easy, hard, difficult, impossible”等2)of sb句型中的形容词一般为表示性格，品德，心智能力，表示主观感情或态度的形容词，如”good, kind, nice, clever, foolish”等3)用介词for或者of后面的逻辑主语做句子的主格，用介词前边的形容词做表语，造这个句子，如果通顺用of，不通则用for2．不定式做表语：不定式可放在be动词后面，形成表语eg : My dream is to be a teacher.3．不定式做宾语1）有些及物动词用不定式做宾语，结构为“动词+不定式”P2892）有些动词除了可以用不定式做宾语，还用些不定式做补语，即“动词+宾语+不定式”结构eg : I like to keep everything tidy.I like you to keep everything tidy.3）有些动词或动词词组可以用“动词+疑问词+不定式”的结构：eg : I want to know how to solve the problem.4）如果不定式（宾语）后面有宾语补足语，则用“ it ”做形式宾语，真正的宾语（不定式）后置，放在宾语补足语4．不定式做补语1）有些动词+宾语+不定式P291eg : Father will not allow us to play on the street.2）有些动词+宾语+不定式的结构，不定式的动词往往是be，不定式一般可以省去eg : We believe him (to be) quilty (adj.)我们相信他是有罪的We know him to be fool. (n.) (to be不能省)3）有些动词可以跟”there + to be的结构eg : We didn‟t expect there to be so many people.You wouldn‟t want there to be another war. 你不至于想让另外一场战争发生吧？5．不定式做定语不定式做宾语，通常要放在被修饰的词后，往往表示未发生的动作。
非谓语动词之动名词
非谓语动词之动名词(一)做主语和表语。
动名词短语用and连起来做主语时，谓语用复数形式。
例如：Fishing in this lake is forbidden.在It’s no use; It’s (no) good; It’s useless ; It’s (not) wise; It’s (not) worthwhile; It’s of great (no, little) importance 等习惯表达中，It为形式主语，而将做主语的动名词短语放在后面。
例如：It’s no use /good ringing her up now. 现在给她打电话没用了。
It is of great importance fighting against pollution.(二)动名词短语作宾语。
常用的能接动名词的动词有：admit承认，appreciate 感激，avoid 避免，advise 建议，can’t help 不禁，celebrate 庆祝，consider 考虑，complete 完成，contemplate沉思、打算，defer推迟，delay 延期，deny 否认，detest 痛恨，discontinue 停止，dislike不喜欢，dispute不同意，endure 忍耐，enjoy 喜欢，escape 逃脱，excuse 原谅，fancy想象，feel like 想要，finish结束，严禁，forgive 原谅，hinder 阻碍，imagine想象，keep 保持，mention 提到，mind 在意，miss 错过，pardon 饶恕、原谅，permit允许，postpone 推迟，practise 实践、练习，prevent 阻止，recall 回忆，report报告，resent 怨恨，resist抵制、阻止，risk冒险，stop 停止，suggest 建议，understand 明白、理解，等等。
非谓语之动名词
征服语法之
非谓语动词-动名词
动名词概述
New Oriental
• 1.动名词的构成：动词+ing，兼有动词和名 词性质，在句中其名词作用； • I enjoy reading. • He likes playing Pingpang.
动名词的时态和语态
主动 被动
New Oriental
• There is no telling what my happen next.
New Oriental
• 做表语： • Her part-time job is teaching.
New Oriental
• 作宾语： • He is fond of playing football. • I like swimming.
New Oriental
• 完成时态：动名词的动作发生在谓语动词 动作之前
• I am sorry for not having kept my promise.
动名词语态
• Being done • Having been done
New Oriental
• The boy was afraid of being left at home alone. • I don’t understand having been given a chance to do it.
New Oriental
• 作定语 • He has a reading room.
辨析：不定式与动名词作主 语的区别
• Playing with fire is dangerous. • To play with fire in the candle will be dangerous. • 不定式作主语之具体动作； • 动名词作主语表示抽象概念，泛指
10 动名词
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
3、定语 动名词和现在分词做定语时的区别： 1）动名词做定语表示“功能”或“用途”，修饰词和被修饰词之 间，逻辑上没有主谓关系，也没有动作正在进行的意思。 2）现在分词做定语时，修饰词和被修饰之间，逻辑上有主谓关 系，也有动作正在进行的意思。 例如：a sleeping car 一节卧车车厢（动名词） a car is sleeping（错误） a car for sleeping（正确） a sleeping boy.一个熟睡的男孩。（现在分词） a boy is sleeping.（正确） a boy for sleeping.（错误） 根据上述情况，说出下列“ing”动词中，哪个是动名词，哪个是现在 分词？ walking stick 手杖 singing girl 歌女 working method 工作方法 walking man 行人 singing practice 歌咏练习 running horse 跑马 running technique 跑步技巧 working class 工人阶级
• • • • • • • • • • • • •
三、动名词的特殊用法： 1、在begin, start, hate, like, love和prefer等动词之后，可 用动名词，也可用不定式做宾语，但有所区别： 1）在begin和start后的动词为静态动词时，用不定式做宾语； 在begin和start后的动词为动态动词时，用动名词做宾语； I begin to see what you mean. 我开始明白你的意思。（静态动词） I start to believe what he said. 我开始相信他说的话。（静态动词） It begins raining at two every afternoon. 每天下午两点，天就开始下雨。（动态动词） He starts smoking after each meal. 他每次饭后就开始抽烟。（动态动词）
非谓语动词语法：动名词的用法
非谓语动词语法：动名词的用法非谓语动词语法：动名词的用法1doing being donehaving done having been done动名词的基本用法：(1)主语：Saving is easier than doing.His coming here will be a great help.It is no use waiting here, he has left.There is no getting along with him.(简直无法和他相处)(2)表语：His job is keeping the hall clean as possible.Seeing is believing.(3)宾语：a. 动词宾语：He admitted taking the book.I do mind your smoking here.重磅要点：下列动词须跟动名词作宾语：admit, appreciate, avoid, complete, delay, deny, enjoy, fancy, finish, mind, practice, resent, risk, suggest, allow, permit...特注：以allow为例：allow + doing sth(动名词作宾语)。
但可以：Allow sb to do sth(不定式作宾补)。
这类动词常见如advise, allow, permit, recommend, etc.b. 作介词宾语：He left without saying goodbye to us.Im looking forward to meeting you.(to 在这里是介词)(4)定语：reading room swimming pool walking stick动名词时态：I am thinking of setting a new dictionary.(以后)He never talked to me about his having been in Paris.(以前)动名词语态：He doesnt like being flattered.I heard of his having been chosen to be the coach of the team.动名词复合结构：由名词全部格或物主代词与动名词构成。
非谓语-动名词
Nonfinite Verbs——Gerund（动名词）构成：(not) V. + ing (否定)功能：1. Subject (作主语)e.g. Talking to him is talking to a wall.在下面一些结构中，常用it作形式主语，真正主语的动名词放在句末。
It is no use / no good / fun…It is a wonder…It’s great fun…It is useless / nice / good / interesting/pleasant/…There is no…没法…There was no telling when this might happened again.2. Object (作宾语)动词或短语后加动名词doing作宾语: V. + doing sthadmit承认appreciate 感激,赞赏avoid 避免complete完成consider 认为delay 耽误detest 讨厌endure 忍受escape 逃脱prevent阻止fancy 想象postpone 推迟recall 回忆resent 讨厌resist 抵抗resume 继续suggest 建议face 面对include 包括等等e.g. Fancy meeting you here! 真想不到在这里碰见你！I advised taking a different approach.I .Complex Object(Object + Object Complement)(复合宾语：由宾语和宾语补足语构成)e.g. Do you find living here boring? (复合宾语中作宾语)The pain in my throat made speaking difficult.也可以用形式宾语it:Do you find it is boring living here?II Prepositional Object (介词宾语)e.g. Nothing would stop him from achieving his ambition.How about coming with us to the club?They charged him with neglecting his duties.She dedicated her life to helping the poor. (to是介词) (1) Adverbial (preposition+gerund 作状语)动名词可以和about, against, at, before, after, by, besides, for, in, on, since, upon, without等介词构成短语，作状语e.g. He always consulted other before doing anything.Besides cooking and sewing, she had to take care of the children.And, in doing so, he fell into contradiction.动名词也可以和with a view to, for the purpose of, with the object of, in case of, in the event of, instead of, apart from, for fear of等构成短语，作状语e.g. He hurried back to school for fear of missing the class.We should encourage them instead of throwing cold water on them.(2) Attribute (preposition+gerund 作定语)e.g. What’s the reason for joining that club?The bank has introduced a new method of calculating the interest on loans.3. Predicative (表语)动名词作表语其逻辑主语有泛指也有特指，视具体情况而定。
非谓语动词之动名词和不定式的辨析
非谓语动词之动名词和不定式的辨析非谓语动词是指在句子中作宾语、状语、定语等成分时，不以谓语动词形式出现的动词形式。
其中，动名词和不定式是非谓语动词的两种常见形式。
本文将对动名词和不定式进行辨析，明确它们的用法和区别。
一、动名词动名词是由动词+ing构成的名词形式，具有名词的特征，可作主语、宾语、表语、宾补或介词宾语等。
作为非谓语动词，动名词可以表示动作、状态或者具体事物。
1. 动名词作主语- Smoking is harmful to health.（抽烟对健康有害。
）- Jogging in the park is a good way to relax.（在公园慢跑是一种很好的放松方式。
）2. 动名词作宾语- He enjoys swimming in the ocean.（他喜欢在海洋中游泳。
）- She avoids eating junk food.（她避免吃垃圾食品。
）3. 动名词作表语/宾补- Her favorite hobby is dancing.（她最喜欢的爱好就是跳舞。
）- I found him sleeping in the library.（我发现他在图书馆里睡觉。
）4. 动名词作介词宾语- He is tired of waiting for the bus.（他厌倦了等公交车。
）- She is good at playing the piano.（她擅长弹钢琴。
）二、不定式不定式是由"to + 动词原形"构成的形式，具有动词和名词的特征，可作主语、宾语、表语、宾补和定语等。
作为非谓语动词，不定式可以表示目的、原因、结果和程度等。
1. 不定式作主语- To learn a new language requires patience and persistence.（学习一门新语言需要耐心和坚持。
）- To succeed in life is everyone's ultimate goal.（在生活中取得成功是每个人的终极目标。
非谓语动词之动名词
非谓语动词之动名词在英语中，不能单独作谓语而具有除谓语动词以外的语法功能的动词叫非谓语动词。
非谓语动词分：动名词、动词不定式、分词（现在/过去分词）。
非谓语动词的否定式是在非谓语动词前直接加not。
动名词既具有动词的特征，又具有名词的句法功能。
其形式是：doing；否定式是：not doing。
（一）、动名词的形式：（1）一般式：Seeing is believing.（2）被动式：He came to the party without being invited.（3）完成式：We remembered having seen the film.（4）完成被动式：He forgot having been taken to Guangzhou when he was five years old.（5）否定式（not + 动名词）：I regret not following his advice.，（二）、动名词的句法功能：（1）作主语：Reading aloud is very helpful.Collecting stamps is interesting.当动名词短语作主语时常用it作形式主语。
如：It's no use/no good/not any good/not any use/useless/a waste of time/fun quarrelling.It’s no use reading the book.a, ------ What made him so unhappy------ the ticket for the football match.A. Having been lostB. LostC. Because of losingD. Losingb. Being exposed to sunlight for too much t ime will do harm to one’s skin.\（2）作宾语：We have to prevent the air from being polluted.注意：动名词既可作动词宾语也可作介词宾语。
最全英语非谓语之动名词(初)
1英语非谓语之动名词（初）知识定位动名词是非谓语动词的一种，它由动词原形加-ing 构成，形式上与现在分词相同。
动名词除具有动词的性质外，还具有名词的性质。
初中学习阶段，要求学生了解基本概念，掌握一些常用的固定词组即可。
在目前的中考英语中，动名词的考察形式也是多种多样。
可能是以固定搭配的形式出现在基础题中，每年的题目在1-2 题左右；也可能在阅读和写作当中有所涉及，尤其是写作中如果适当使用动名词，会给文章增色不少。
知识梳理一、定义动名词，就是动词后加ing 的形式，即doing sth. 它的作用相当于一个名词，所以叫做“动名词”。
二、动名词的特征及作用动名词是一种兼有动词和名词特征的非限定动词。
它可以支配宾语，也能被副词修饰。
动名词有时态和语态的变化。
动名词属于非谓语动词中的一种，所以它不可以做谓语。
动名词具有名词的性质，因此在句中可以做主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语等。
1、动名词作主语:Talking like that is not polite. 那样谈话不礼貌.Learning from others is important. 向别人学习很重要.Putting on more clothes is not so good . 多穿衣服不一定好.动名词作主语通常用一般式,可以像动词不定式一样,用it 先行词代替,而把动名词写在后面.It's no use waiting here, let's go home. 在这儿等着也没用,我们回家吧.It's very difficult climbing this mountain. 爬这座山很困难.2、动名词作表语The nurse's job is looking after the patients. 护士的工作是护理病人.Seeing is believing. 眼见为实.3、动名词作定语She is studying in the reading room. 她在阅览室学习.He slept in the sleeping bag. 他在睡袋里睡觉.4、动名词作宾语Please stop smoking in the house. 请不要在家里抽烟.I like reading in the forest. 我喜欢在树林里读书.Do you mind my opening the windows? 你介意我打开窗户吗?She is found of collecting stamp. 她喜欢集邮.【例题】指出下列句子中动名词/现在分词或动名词/现在分词短语做句子的什么成份：Climbing mountains is really fun.2It is no use/no good crying over spilt milk. Mark often attempts to escape being fined whenever he breaks traffic regulati ons. We are busy preparing for the coming sports meet. a walking stickBe careful while crossing the street. Seeing is believing. My work is cleaning the house. Be careful while crossing the street.三、动名词和现在分词的区别：动名词：动词的-ing 形式，相当于名词在句子中的用法；现在分词：具有动词的特征，可以表示一个正在进行、主动的动作。
非谓语动词之动名词
动名词
在电影院看电影感觉很不错。 ________________________________ (Watching movies in the cinema feels really good.)
夏天在游泳池游泳很舒服。 ________________________________ (Swimming in the pool in summer is
每当你想要吸烟的时候，就提醒自己，你不再是吸 的人了。 Every time you feel like smoking a cigarette, remind yourself that you are a non-smoker. （人教6-3）
动名词
他们掌握了种植、狩猎和迁徙的新方法。 They developed new methods of growing food, hunting and moving around. （人教5-4）
他不还我钱让我感到很不舒服。 His not returning me money makes me mad.
我生气的是你不服从我的命令。 I'm mad at your not obeying my orders.
你知不知道他昨天离开了？ Have you any idea his leaving yesterday？
It's good to see you. 很高兴见到你。
不定式
能认识你是我的荣幸。 要把一门外语学好不容易。 难说！ 做这个家庭作业花了我3小时。 我们不帮他是个错误。
不定式
常见的只能接动名词作宾语的动词词组有：give up, insist on, feel like, get down to, look forward to, get used to, can't help等；
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⼗.⾮谓语动词之动名词⼀ 动名词的句法功能动名词（T he Gerund）由动词加-ing构成，兼有动词的特征和名词的功能。
动名词句法功能如下：1．动名词作主语动名词可以在句中作主语。
例如：Keeping a house is a t iring job. 管理家务是⼀件很劳累的事。
Wat ching English T V news is a good way t o learn English. 看英语电视新闻是学英语的好⽅法。
也可以⽤先⾏词it，将动名词置于句末。
某些形容词如good, foolish, wonderful, useless, difficult, nice等可以⽤ 于上述结构。
例如：It's useless t rying again. 再试也没⽤。
It is boring playing t he violin all day. 整天拉⼩提琴很乏味。
但在import ant, necessary, essent ial, impossible等形容词后通常⽤不定式。
某些名词fun, luck, pleasure, relief, mist ake, pain, use, good也⽤于上述结构。
例如：It is fun boat ing on t he lake. 在湖上划船很有乐趣。
It is no good/use crying over spilt milk. 覆⽔难收。
动名词也可以在“T here is no＋动名词”结构中作主语，意为“不可能…”。
例如：T here is no knowing how t he ancient Egypt ians built t he pyramids. 不可能知道古代埃及⼈是如何建造⾦字塔的。
“No＋动名词”固定省略结构表示“禁⽌”。
例如：No lit t ering. 不准乱扔杂物。
（揭示语）2．动名词作表语动名词作表语，对主语补充说明。
例如：His hobby is fishing by t he lake. 他的兴趣爱好是在湖边垂钓。
Her job is mending books and magazines. 她的⼯作是修补书籍和杂志。
3．动名词作宾语（1）在某些动词后作宾语 常⽤动词有underst and, pract ise, enjoy, consider, delay, finish, imagine, miss, post pone, mind, avoid, escape, suggest等。
例如：T he American enjoyed having meals in t he Chinese rest aurant. 这个美国⼈喜欢在中国餐馆⽤餐。
I wonder why he always avoids meet ing me. 我不明⽩他为什么总是要避开我。
James suggest ed climbing t o t he t op of t he t ower t o have a view of t he whole cit y. 詹姆⼠建议爬到塔顶看城市的全景。
注意动词t hink, consider, find后常⽤it作形式宾语，⽽将真正的宾语动名词置于句⼦后部。
例如：I don't t hink it any good having t oo many sweet s. 我认为吃太多的糖没有好处。
He found it useless t alking it over wit h her. 他认为与她讨论此事⽆⽤。
Do you consider it wort hwhile reading such a book? 你认为读这样的书值得吗？（2）在某些词组或结构后作宾语 常⽤的词组和结构有put off 延期，give up 放弃，can't help 情不⾃禁，can't st and 不能忍受，be wort h 值得。
例如：T he man couldn't st and being t reat ed cruelly. 这位男⼠受不了虐待。
T hey put off holding t he opening ceremony because of t he bad weat her. 由于天⽓不好，他们推迟举⾏开幕式。
T he film is wort h seeing a second t ime. 这影⽚值得看第⼆遍。
（3）在介词后作宾语 Is t here any hope of cat ching t he early flight? 赶早班⻜机还有希望吗？ By wat ching t he st ars, t he pilot could t ell t he direct ions. 通过观察星星，驾驶员能辨别⽅向。
He left wit hout saying good-bye t o me. 他没有与我告别就离开了。
T he driver was fined because of parking his car in t he wrong place. 司机因乱停⻋被罚款。
注意动名词同样⽤于动词或形容词与介词组成的词组后，如be devot ed t o 献身于，be used t o 习惯于，object t o 反对，insist on 坚持，look forward t o 盼望，be sure of 对…有把握，be keen on 酷爱，be fond of 喜欢，be t ired of 对…厌倦，be int erest ed in 对…有兴趣，be afraid of 害怕等。
例如：T he young t eacher was devot ed t o t eaching t he blind. 这个⻘年教师献身于盲⼈教育。
We are t ired of reading det ect ive st ories. 我们对读侦探⼩说厌倦了。
注意下列词组中常可省略介词：Nobody can prevent us (from) carrying on t he job. 没有⼈能阻⽌我们进⾏这项⼯作。
He had no t rouble (in) finding his way in t he cit y. 他在这个城市找路没有困难。
I spent t he whole aft ernoon (in) copying my t erm paper. 我花了⼀下午的时间抄写学期论⽂。
4．动名词作定语动名词可以作名词修饰语说明名词的⽤途。
例如： T he old man climbed t o t he t op of t he t ower wit h a walking st ick (= a st ick for walking) ⽼⼈拄着拐杖爬到塔顶。
You can smoke in t he smoking room. 你可以在吸烟室抽烟。
类似的例⼦还有： operat ing t able ⼿术台，wait ing room 候⻋室，building mat erial 建筑材料，shopping cent re 购物中⼼，meet ing hall 会议厅，dining room 餐厅⼆ 动名词与不定式的⽤法区别1．作主语的动名词和不定式动名词和不定式都可以作句⼦主语。
意义上的区别在于动名词表示抽象的动作，含有泛指意义，⽽不定式表示具体的动作，与特定的对象相联系， 含有特指意义。
⽐较下⾯两组句⼦：It's hard t ranslat ing Chinese poems int o English. 把汉语诗译成英语很难。
T his Chinese poem is short, but it's hard t o put it int o English. 这⾸汉语诗很短，但译成英语不容易。
Doing simple t hings is boring. 做简单的事很乏味。
T o do t his simple t hing will be boring. 做这件简单的事将很乏味。
2．begin, st art后接动名词和不定式均可，意义不变。
但下列情况中begin和st art后须接不定式。
（1）主语是物不是⼈Spring came on, and t he snow began t o melt. 春天来了，雪开始融化。
He was get t ing on in years, and his hair st art ed t o fall. 他上了年纪，头发开始脱落。
（2）后接表示⼼理活动或状态的动词I began t o realize how st upid I was. 我开始认识到我有多笨。
T hey began t o see t he import ance of t aking t he act ion. 他们开始明⽩采取这项⾏动的重要性。
（3）begin和st art⽤于进⾏时态 It's beginning t o snow. 天开始下雪了。
He was just st art ing t o give his lesson when I ent ered. 我进去时他刚开始上课。
（4）后接不定式被动式 T he dam st art ed t o be built last year. ⽔坝去年开始建造。
T he new t ype of comput er began t o be developed in t he 1980s. 新型计算机20世纪80年代开始研制。
3． hat e, like, love, prefer后接动名词表示经常性的动作，后接不定式表示具体的特定的动作。
例如：I like playing chess on days off. 我喜欢假⽇下棋。
I’d like t o play chess wit h t he chess mast er now. 我现在很想和这个象棋⼤师对弈。
Sue loves diving in his spare t ime. 苏喜爱在业余时间潜⽔。
I prefer t aking a bus t o walking. 我宁愿坐⻋不愿步⾏。
I prefer t o t ake a bus as I can’t walk any fart her. 我宁可坐⻋因为我⾛不动了。
4．remember, forget, regret后接动名词表示动作在谓语动词之前已发⽣，后接不定式表示在谓语动词之后将要发⽣和未完成的动作。