非谓语动词-现在分词的讲解

非谓语动词

非谓语动词包括不定式(to do)、动名词(－ing)、现在分词(－ing)与过去分词(－ed)。它们不受主语人称和数的限制，在句子中不能充当谓语，但可以充当句子的其他成分，并且有时态和语态的变化。

动词-ing形式的要点

1．-ing的形式

2.-ing形式的基本用法

(1)作主语：Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。

(2)作表语：Her job is washing and cooking.

(3)作宾语：①作及物动词的宾语。She likes drawing very much.

②作某些短语动词的宾语。

Mary is thinking of going back to New York.

③ do＋限定词(my, some, any, the等)＋v.-ing，表示“做…事”之如

do some cleaning打扫卫生do some shopping购物

④作介词的宾语：Her sister is good at learning physics.

⑤作形容词worth, busy等的宾语：

This book is well worth reading.

只接动词-ing形式而不接不定式作宾语的动词有：

admit 承认appreciate 感激avoid 避免put off

推迟keep 保持consider 考虑delay/ postpone

耽搁dislike 嫌恶resist 抵制mention 提及enjoy 喜欢escape 避免excuse 原谅practice 练习mind介意fancy想不到feel like 意欲finish 完成risk 冒险include 包括forgive 原谅give up 放弃suggest 建议miss 逃过imagine 想象can’t help 情不自禁involve 需要can’t stand无法忍受understand 理解

常见的带介词to的短语：

be used to 习惯be related to 与……有关get down to 着手做contribute to 贡献put one’s mind to全神贯注于give rise to 引起

be equal to 胜任devote oneself to 献身于lead to 导致be opposed to 反对

look forward to 盼望object to 反对stick to 坚持pay attention to 注意

(4)作定语：The sleeping child is only five years old.

(5)作宾语补足语：We can see steam rising from the wet clothes.

可以带有这种复合宾语的动词有see, watch, hear, observe, feel, find, have, keep等。

(6)作状语：①时间状语：Seeing Tom, I couldn't help thinking of his brother.

分词在句中作时间状语时，其前一般可加when或while，

如：When crossing street, you must be careful.

②原因状语：Being ill, he didn't go to school yesterday.

③方式或伴随状语：Mary stood at the school gate waiting for Betty.

3. 主动语态-ing完成式的基本用法。主动语态-ing完成式所表示的动作发生在句中谓语动词所表示的动作之前，一般在句中作时间或原因状语用。句中的主语是它的逻辑主语，并且是它所表示的动作的执行者，如：Having answered the letter, she went on to read an English novel.

4. 被动语态-ing一般式的基本用法。被动语态-ing一般式所表示的动作是一个正在进行中的被动动作，而且这个被动动作也是和句中谓语所表示的动作同时发生的。它一般在句中作定

语或状语用。如：The truck being repaired there is ours.

5. 被动语态-ing完成式的基本用法。被动语态-ing完成式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前，在句中一般作状语用。

如：Having been shown the lab, we were taken to see the library.

6. -ing形式的复合结构。在-ing前加物主代词或名词所有格即构成-ing

的复合结构。其中的物主代词或名词所有格为-ing的逻辑主语。这种结构在句中可作主语、宾语或表语，

如：Your smoking and drinking too much will do harm to your health.

7.分词独立主格结构

当分词的逻辑主语与主句的主语不同时，带逻辑主语的分词短语成为独立主格结构，在句法功能上起状语作用。例如：

Weather permitting, they will go and visit the science museum.

The meeting being over, they all left the room.

Given more time, we could do it better.

The moon appearing, they decided to go on with their journey.

She stood there, book in hand.

Everybody at home, we sat down to dinner.

8. with + 复合宾语结构

（1）with + 名词/ 代词+ 形容词Don’t speak with your mouth full.

（2）with + 名词/ 代词+ 副词The square looks more beautiful than ever with the lights on.

（3）with + 名词/ 代词+ 介词短语He was asleep with his head on his arms.

（4）with + 名词/ 代词+ -ing分词She felt very nervous with so many people looking at her.

With the old man leading, the two started toward the mountains.