非谓语动词--现在分词和过去分词精编版
非谓语动词现在分词和过去分词的用法
非谓语动词(现在分词/过去分词的具体用法)Step1:分词的语法意义:(1)分词是非谓语动词,不可以单独作谓语.(2)它具有动词、形容词、副词的特征.A:当它具备动词特征时可有自己的宾语,也可带状语构成分词短语.B:当它具备形容词的特点时,可在句中作定语、宾语补足语和状语,还可以构成独立结构.C:当它具有副词特征时,可在句中作状语,也可构成独立结构.Step2:分类:分词按语法功能可分为现在分词和过去分词两种.Step3:构成:现在分词v+-ing(即v-ing形式);过去分词:V+-ed(即v-ed形式).一,分词作定语的用法.(一)现在分词作定语的用法.特点:(1)单个现在分词作定语时,一般放在所修饰词的后面.(2)若是现在分词短语作定语时,则放在它所修饰词的后面.(3)现在分词作定语,意思表示“正在----的”或“即将-----的”或“令人------的”.(4)与所修饰的名词之间是主动关系,或者表是表示正在进行的动作.E g: The studentraised a confusing question.(表示:令人费解/困惑的)主语及物动词定语宾语译文:这个学生提出一个令人困惑的问题.E g: The retiring teacher walked into the classroom.(表示:即将退休的)定语译文:这位即将退休的老师步入教室.E g: The aging father found it hard to solve this tough problem.(表示:年华正在老去的)定语译文:这位日渐年迈的父亲发现很难解决这个棘手的问题.E g: The man talking to a stranger loudly is our English teacher.(表示:主动和正在进行)现在分词作后置定语译文:正在和一位谋生人大声交谈的那个人是我们的英语老师.(二)过去分词作定语的用法.特点:(1)单个过去分词作定语时,一般放在所修饰词的后面.(2)若是过去分词短语作定语时,则放在它所修饰词的后面.(3)过去分词作定语,意思表示“感到----的”或“受到-----的”.(4)与所修饰的名词之间是被动关系,或者表示:已经完成的动作.E g: The retired soldier passed away last year.(表示:已经退休的或者动作已经完成)定语译文:那个退役的军人上个月去世了.E g: The wounded soldier was sent to the hospital immediately.(表示:受伤的或者动定语经完成).译文:那位受伤的士兵被立刻送往医院.E g: Give me some boiled water to drink.(表示:已经煮开过的或者动作已经完成)定语译文:给我弄点白开水喝.练习:He is sweeping(falling; fallen) leaves in the (falling; fallen) rain.译文:他在雨中扫落叶.二,分词作表语的用法.(一)现在分词作表语的用法.特点:单个现在分词作表语时,多表示主语所具有的特征.一般放在系动词be/become/look/sound/smell/remain/seem/appear等后面.作表语的分词均为形容词.可以译成:“-----------的”.E g: The English speech contest is really exciting.(表示:令人兴奋的)表语译文:这次英语演讲比赛很令人兴奋.E g: The naughty baby is very tiring.(表示:令人累的)表语译文:这个调皮的孩子真是累人.E g: The food smells so inviting.(表示:令人诱惑的)表语译文:这食物闻起来很诱人.E g: This once-in-a-blue-moon experience is really thrilling.(表示:令人刺激的)译文:这次难得的经历真扣人心弦.(二)过去分词作表语的用法.特点:单个过去分词作表语时,多表示主语所处的状态.一般放在系动词be/ become/look/sound/smell/remain/seem/appear等后面.作表语的分词均为形容词.可以译成:“-----------的”.E g: I was bored by her endless bragging.(表示:感到枯燥、厌倦的).译文:她不停地吹嘘,我烦透了.E g: I’m really interested in making a speech in English in public.(表示:感到有趣的)译文:我对在公共场合用英文演讲非常感兴趣.E g: I felt confused about this matter.(表示:感到费解、迷惑的)译文:我对这件事情很费解.总结:并非所有的分词均可当形容词对待.有些分词不能翻译成“--------的”.Killed:不能译成“感到杀的”Killing:不能译成“令人杀的”Writing:不能译成“令人写的”Written:不能译成“感到写的”此类分词,只能置于be动词之后,不可置于连系动词(become/look/sound/smell/remain/seem/appear)等后面,不可视为是形容词,而视为动词的进行时或被动语态.E g: He was murdered last night.(表示:一般过去式的被动语态)译文:他昨晚被谋杀了.E g: I can’t believe you didn’t have a written contract.译文:我简直不敢相信,你居然没有一份书面合同.三,分词作宾语补足语的用法.(一)现在分词作宾语补足语的用法.特点:现在分词作宾语补足语时常用在感官动词和使役动词之后,现在分词一般强调动作正在进行,主动,与物有关.方法:(1)宾补的动词若为及物动词,后面一定接宾语,共同作宾补.(2)宾补的动词为不及物动词,一律用现在分词.(3)宾语与宾补之间为主动关系.(4)宾补的动作在逻辑上是由宾语来完成的.E g: I heard some girls gossiping about you.宾语补足语译文:我听到一些女孩子在说你的闲话.E g: I found him killing cockroaches宾语补足语译文:我发现他正在杀蟑螂.E g: I saw him coming out of the office just now.宾语补足语译文:我刚才看见他正在从办公室出来.(二)过去分词作宾语补足语的用法.特点:现在分词作宾语补足语时常用在感官动词和使役动词之后,过去分词一般强调被动,完成,与人有关.方法:(1)宾补的动词为及物动词,后面不可接宾语(2.)宾语与宾补之间为被动关系,宾补与前面的宾语构成动宾关系.(3)宾补的动作不是由宾语自身完成.E g: I found the cockroaches killed.(过去分词充当宾语补足语)译文:我发现那些蟑螂被人杀了.E g: I had my wallet robbed in the street this morning.(过去分词充当宾语补足语)译文:今天早上在街上我的钱包被人抢了.(三)由介词with引导的复合结构中,分词作宾语补足语的用法.特点:置于句首或句尾,常用来修饰句中的主语,以表示主语所处的状况,通常为大动作附带小动作时,大动作以句子的动词表示,而小动作则使用with复合结构.(1)with +宾语+宾补(过去分词充当).特点:宾语与宾补之间表示被动和完成.E g: He stood there with his arms folded.译文:他双臂交叉站在那里.E g: He sat there with his eyes closed.译文:他双眼闭着坐在那儿.(2)with +宾语+宾补(现在分词充当).特点:宾语与宾补之间表示主动和正在进行.E g: He talked to me with his legs shaking译文:他和我说话时两腿发抖.E g: A: Come on, Please give me some ideas about the project.B: Sorry. With so much work filling my mind, I almost break down.(3)with +宾语+宾补(动词不定式充当).特点:宾语与宾补之间表示将要发生或没有完成.E g: With a lot of difficult problems to settle, the manager felt worried all the time.译文:由于很多的难题没有得到解决,经理一直很担忧.(4)with +宾语+宾补(介词短语充当).特点:表示宾语所处的状态.E g: He talked to me with a pipe in his mouth.译文:他和我说话时嘴里叼着烟斗.四,分词作状语的用法.(一)现在分词作状语的用法.特点:(1)现在分词短语作状语时刻表示原因、方式、伴随、结果、或条件等.此时它的逻辑主语应与句子的主语保持一致.(2)现在分词一般式,若现在分词短语表示的动作与谓语表示的动作同时发生,或者紧接发生,也可在该短语前加上when或while; (3)现在分词的完成时,若现在分词短语表示的动作在谓语表示的动作之前发生.(4)若现在分词短语的逻辑主语(即句子的主语)发出该动作,则就是主动语态.(5)若现在分词短语的逻辑主语(句子的主语)承受了该动作,那么就用它的被动式.E g:We often provide our children with toys, footballs or basketballs,thinking that all children like these things.(现在分词在句中作伴随状语,而且句子的主语是thinking的执行者).译文:我们考虑到孩子们都喜欢这些东西,通常给孩子提供玩具;足球和篮球.E g: Daddy didn’t mind what we were doing, as long as we were together, having fun.(现在分词在句中作伴随状语,而且句子的主语we是having的执行者).译文:只要我们能在一起共享乐趣,爸爸不会介意我们在做什么.E g: The storm left, having caused a lot of damage to this area.(说明:分词的逻辑主语为the storm,故用现在分词表示主动,因为是造成破坏之后离开的,所以用现在完成时态,在句中作时间状语从句)可以改写为:After it had caused a lot of damage to this area, the storm left.E g:Having been separated from other continents for millions of years, Australia has many plants and animals not found in any other country in the world.(说明:separate from 与主句主语有被动的含义,并且先于主句谓语动词,因此用现在分词完成时的被动语态)E g: Oil prices have risen by 32percent since the start of the year, reaching a recor d$57.65 a barrel on April 4.(现在分词在句中作伴随状语)译文:自从今年开始油价已经上涨了32﹪,在4月份达到每桶$57.65这个记录.E g: The manager, having made it clear to us that he didn’t agree with us, left the meeting room.(现在分词的完成时态表示动作发生在主句的动作之前).E g: Whenever he was asked why he was late for class, he would answer careless, always saying the same thing.译文:无论什么时候他被问到为什么他会上课迟到,他总是粗心地答复,说着同样的话.E g:He is a student at OxfordUniversity, studying for a degree in computer science.(现在分词在句中作伴随状语)E g: He was busy writing a story,only stopping once in a while to smoke a cigarette.(现在分词在句中作伴随状语)译文:他那时忙于写一个故事,只是偶尔停下来抽支烟.E g:Having been shown around the Water Cube, we were then taken to see the Bird’s Nest for the 2008 Olympic Games.译文:我们参观了水立方后,又被带去参观了为20XX年奥运会准备的鸟巢.E g: Not realizing that he was in great danger, Eric walked deeper into the forest. (主语Eric与realize 构成主动关系,因此用realizing,v-ing形式前加not表示否定)练习题:1,in the queue for half an hour, the old man suddenly realized he had left the cheque in the car.A: Waiting B: To wait C: Having waited D: To have waited2, in the fields on a March afternoon, he could feel the warmth of spring.A: To walk B: Walking C: Walked D: Having walked3, their hats into the air, the fans of the winning team let out loud shouts of victory.A: To throw B: Thrown C: Throwing B: Being thrown4, We had an anxious couple of weeks for the results of the experiment.A: wait B: to be waiting C: waited D: waiting.5, that she was going off to sleep , I asked if she’s like that little doll on her bed.A: Seeing B: To see C: See D: Seen.6, The wild flowers looked like a soft orange blanketthe desert.A: Covering B: Covered C: Cover D: To cover.(二)过去分词作状语的用法.特点:(1)过去分词短语作状语修饰谓语动词,说明其发生的情况,可以放在句首其强调作用,也可放在句中、句末,它的逻辑主语须与句子的主语保持一致.(2)过去分词一般表示动作已完成,只有一般式.(3)过去分词表示被动和完成E g:Dressed in a white uniform, he looks more like a cook than a doctor.说明:当状语从句的主语和主句主语相一致且谓语包含动词be的某种形式时,可省略从句的主语以及动词be. 恢复原句:When he is dressed in a white uniform, -----------.译文:穿着白色的制服,他看上去更像是个厨师而不像医生.E g: When offered help, one often says “ Thank you.”O r“It’s kind of you.”译文:当被提供了帮助时,人们常说:“谢谢”或“你真好”.E g: Faced with so much trouble, we failed to complete the task on time.说明:be faced with 表示:“面临,面对.”作原因状语.译文:由于面临很多的困难,我们未能按时完成这项工作.E g: Blamed for the breakdown of the school computer network, Alice was in low spirits.(作原因状语).练习题:1,No matter how frequently , the works of Beethoven still attract people all over the world.A: Performed B: Performing C: to be performed D: being performed2,The flowers his friend gave him will die unlessevery day.A: watered B: watering C: water D: to water3, by a greater demand of vegetables , farmers have built more green houses.A: Driven B: Being driven C : To drive D: Having driven4, To learn English well, we should find opportunities to hear Englishas much as we can.A: speak B: speaking C: spoken D: to speak5, It is one of the funniest things on the internet so far this year.A: finding B: being found C: to find D: found(三)分词结构-----动词变化1,若一句中有两个动词同时存在,彼此一定要有连接词相连.E g: He studied very hard but failed the exam.2, 若两个动词没有连接词相连,注意下列变化原则.(1) 若两个动词所代表的动作时同时发生时,第二个动词一定要变成现在分词;若该动词是be动词,变成现在分词being 之后要省略.E g: He sat in the corner reading books.(他一面坐在角落,一面看书,动作同时发生,因此read应该变成现在分词)译文:他坐在角落看书.E g: Don’t sit there doing nothing. Come and help me with this table.译文:别坐那儿无所事事,过来帮助我收拾一下桌子.E g: He came home was tired.第一步:变成:He came home being tired.第二步:变成:He came home tired.(说明:他一面回家,一面感到累,故came与was tired同时发生.由于was是be动词,变成being之后应给予省略)译文:他回到家感到很累.E g: He left young and came back old.译文:他少小离家老大回.E g: We are born equal.译文:我们生而平等.(2)若两个动词所代表的动作并非同时发生,而是有先后次序时,第二个动词就要变成“to+动词原形)形成的不定式短语,作目的状语.E g: He stood up to smoke a cigarette.译文:他站起来抽烟.E g: He rushed here to tell me the story.译文:他赶到这里来告诉我这个故事.(3)若有两个动词有逗号隔开,而无连接词时,就不必考虑动词所代表的动作先后发生的次序,第二个动词一定要变成现在分词.E g: He left home at six in the morning, arriving here about four in the afternoon.译文:他早上6点离开家,约下午4点抵达此地.E g: He ran away quickly, looking as if something terrible had happened.译文:他很快的跑开了,看起来好像发生了什么可怕的事.(四)分词结构-----单句化简法.两个句子在一起,若无连接词相连时,往往第一个句子要化简,变成分词短语.法则如下:(1)两句的主语相同时,被化简的句子的主语要删除,若主语不同时要保留.(2)之后的动词要变成现在分词.(3)若该动词为be动词时,变成现在分词being之后,可给予省略,但亦可不予省略,以强调“因为------”的意思.E g: He has nothing to do, he feels bored.改正:化简第一个句子第一步:删除相同的主语he第二步:其后动词has变成现在分词having.最简化为:Having nothing to do , he feels bored.译文:他没有事情可做,所以觉得无聊.E g: He was sick of studying, he ran away from home.改正:化简第一个句子第一步:删除相同的主语he第二步:其后动词was变成现在分词being,然后给予省略.最简化为:Sick of studying, he ran away from home.译文:他厌倦学习,所以离家出走了.E g: The sun set, the cowboys rode back to the ranch.改正:化简第一个句子第一步:因为两个句子的主语不同,故要保留.第二步:其后动词set变成现在分词setting.最简化为:The sun setting, the cowboys rode back to the ranch.译文:夕阳西下,牛仔们刺马回到牧场(五)使用单句化简法时应注意事项.(1)变成否定分词结构时,not要置于分词前.E g:Not satisfied with result, he decided to try again.译文:他不满意此结果,决定再试一次.(2)句中有助动词do/does/did时,可直接删除.E g: He didn’t intend to see her, he left early.-----Not intending to see her, he left early.译文:他不打算见她,便提前离开了.(3)句中有完成时助动词has /have/had要视为动词而变成现在分词having.E g: He had done the work, he felt very happy.--------having done the work , he left happy.译文:他做完了这个工作,觉得很高兴.E g: I have not seen her for ages, I miss her very much.-------Not having seen her for ages, I miss her very much.译文:好久没有见面了,我非常想念她.(4)主语不同时,所形成的分词短语,成为分词的独立主格结构.所谓分词的独立主格结构,就是独立修饰不同主语的分词结构.在句中只能做状语,表示条件;时间;原因;伴随情况.E g: This being the case, you’d better be more careful.(解释:this being the case原为this is the case,但如此一来,本句与you’d better be more careful 无连接词相连.故将第一个句子化简为分词短语.由于主语不同,故给予保留,之后的动词is变成现在分词being, being the case 独立修饰不同主语this,故称为分词的独立主格结构).译文:这样的话,你最好多加小心.E g: All things considered, I decided to major in business administration.译文:全盘考虑后,我决定主修企业管理.E g: All the work finished, you can go home.译文:所有工作都做完了,你可以回家了.E g: Weather permitting , we are going to have a picnic tomorrow.译文:若天气许可,我们明天就去野餐.(六)分词短语------定语从句化简法.1,在限定性定语从句中、(即关系代词之前无逗号)中,若关系代词作主语时,可化简成分词短语,法则如下:(1)删除关系代词(2)其后动词变成现在分词.(3)若该动词为be动词,变成现在分词being之后,可给予省略.E g: The man who is talking to Mary over there is my father.第一步:将who删除第二步:将who之后的is变成现在分词being第三步:再将being省略.上句可简化成:-----------The man talking to Mary over there is my father.译文:那边那位正在和玛丽说话的男士是我爸爸.2,在非限制性的定语从句中(即关系代词之前有逗号)通常不得化简为分词短语.E g: I like Tom, who is talking to Mary.-------不能变成I like Tom, talking to Mary.3, 不过在非限制性的定语从句结构为“关系代词+be+名词”时,则仍可化简,从而形成同位语.E g: John, who is a good friend of mine, studies hard.------John, a good friend of mine , studies hard.译文:约翰,我的一个好朋友,学习很用功.(七)分词短语------状语从句化简法.Once; when; while; if ;unless; though等六个连接词所引导的状语从句中,若主语与主句中的主语相同时,亦可化简为分词结构,法则与单句化简完全相同.注意:once; if; unless所引导的状语从句若化简为分词短语,多限于“主语+be+分词/形容词”的结构;而when; while; though则不限于此.E g: If I am free, I’ll go with you.-------If free,I’ll go with you.译文:如果有空,我将和你一起去.E g: Though he was seriously injured, he was not at all daunted.-----Though seriously injured, he was not at all daunted.译文:虽然受伤很严重,他一点都不畏惧.E g: Once I am available, I’ll let you know the result.-----O nce available, I’ll let you know the result.译文:一旦我有空,我会告诉你结果的.E g: Once I have money, I’ll buy a new car.------不能转化为Once having money, I’ll buy a new car.(八)少数现在分词可当成介词使用.(1)including 包含/包括=inclusive of ;(2)excluding =exclusive of除外;(3)considering 考虑;(4)regarding关于;(5)concerning=about=on关于E g: Considering his performance, he can be a good teacher.译文:从他的表现来看,他可以当个好老师.E g: He wrote an article regarding environment pollution.译文:他写了一篇有关环境污染的文章.(九)独立分词短语的使用.特点:某些独立分词短语有副词的功能,通常置于句首,修饰整个句子.常见的分词短语有:generally speaking(一般来说); judging from(从----判断); frankly speaking(坦率地说); considering everything(把一切考虑在内); strictly speaking(严格地说); talking of (谈到/谈及); according to(根据); seeing that+从句----------(既然);given that+从句---------(考虑到).E g:Generally speaking, the more expensive the camera, the better its quality.E g:Strictly speaking, he is not good enough.E g: Judging from his appearance, he seems to be rich.E g: Talking of the devil, he will appear.E g:According to John, the fire broke out at ten in the morning.E g:Seeing that you have no time, I’ll have Peter replace you.E g: Given that you had very little help, I think you did very well.(十)与使役动词有关的重要分词短语的句子.1,I started the ball rolling. 我给那件事开个头.2,The news set my heart throbbing.这个消息使我心悸不已3, I am sorry to have kept you waiting.我很抱歉让你久等了.4, I couldn’t make myself understood. 我无法让别人听懂我的话. 5, I had my shoes repaired.我把我的鞋拿去修好了.6, He got a new suit made.他订做了一套西服.7, You should leave it unsaid.你应该别提这件事情.8, I like my eggs half boiled.我喜欢吃煮的半熟的鸡蛋.9, I had my watch stolen.我的表被偷了.。
非谓语动(现在分词和过去分词)
非谓语动词——现在分词一、定义现在分词是由v+ing构成,具有动词的特征,在功能上具有adj.和adv.的特点,在句中可以做定语、表语、宾语补足语和状语等。
之前,即,not dong/not being done/not having done/not having been done.但在having done结构中,never应放在having和done之间,即,having never done。
翻译:Having never been there/Not having been there, I can’t tell you what the place is like.1.一般式:由v+ing构成,语态上表现在分词与其逻辑主语之间是主动关系,在时间上表示进行或与谓语动词同时发生/存在的动作或状态。
填空:1) The girl ______(sing) for us is ten years old.2) _______(wear) a new pair of glasses, she can read easily.2. 完成式:having+done,语态上表示该现在分词与其逻辑主语之间是主动关系,在时间上表示已完成或先于谓语动词的动作或状态。
填空:1) _______(receive) the letter, I know everything is all right.2) ________(have) my supper, I went out for a walk.3. 被动式:1)being done 2)having been done,语态上表示该现在分词短语与其逻辑主语之间是被动关系;时间上being done表示和谓语动词同时发生,having been done表示在谓语动词之前已发生或完成。
填空:The building _________(build) will be completed next year.三、现在分词的用法及功能(一)作定语1. 现在分词作定语时其逻辑主语为其所修饰的名词。
非谓语动词动词不定式现在分词过去分词和动名词
非谓语动词动词不定式现在分词过去分词和动名词Coca-cola standardization office【ZZ5AB-ZZSYT-ZZ2C-ZZ682T-ZZT18】非谓语动词(动词不定式、现在分词、过去分词和动名词)一、概念一个简单句只能有一个动词做谓语,这个动词叫谓语动词;在这个简单句中,其他没有做谓语的动词,不管有多少个,都不能做谓语,这些动词就叫非谓语动词。
这是英语语法极其重要的一个原则。
谓语动词要以谓语动词形式表达出来,非谓语动词要以非谓语动词的形式表达出来。
非谓语动词包括:动词不定式-to do动名词-doing现在分词-doing过去分词-done非谓语动词,顾名思义,就是不是做谓语的动词;非谓语动词除了不做谓语,可以做主语、宾语、定语、状语和表语等各种其他句子成分。
要掌握非谓语动词的用法,就是要掌握不同非谓语动词在各个句子成分的不同含义和用法。
二、非谓语动词的用法区别从含义上大略可以区别:过去分词-done一般表示被动、完成的意思,所以从主动和被动方面先可以把过去分词和动词不定式、现在分词、动名词区分开来。
动词不定式一般表示目的、还未发生的动作。
现在分词一般表示正在进行或与谓语动词同时发生的动作。
动名词具有名词的特性,在句中一般做主语、宾语、表语。
所以,就区别to do与doing的区别就可以了。
1、to do与doing(动名词)的区别(主要是在做主语、表语和宾语时的区别)(1)做主语和表语的区别一般来说,在表示比较抽象的一般行为或者经常性行为时多用动名词;在表示具体的某次动作,特别是将来发生的动作,多作不定式。
做主语:Smoking is prohibited here.此地禁止抽烟。
To invite him to tomorrow party is necessary.邀请他参加明天的聚会是必要的。
做表语:My job is teaching English .我的工作是教英语。
非谓语动词之现在分词和过去分词
04
现在分词和过去分词的对比
在句子中的作用
• 现在分词:现在分词在句子中通常用作状语、定语或补语,表示动作在进行中或表示伴随状况。 • 现在分词作状语:如“Walking in the park, I saw a beautiful flower.”(在公园散步时,我看到了一朵漂
亮的花。) • 现在分词作定语:如“The singing competition is a blast!”(歌唱比赛非常精彩!) • 现在分词作补语:如“I heard her singing in the next room.”(我听到她在隔壁房间唱歌。) • 过去分词:过去分词在句子中通常用作定语、表语或补语,表示动作的完成或被动状态。 • 过去分词作定语:如“The fallen leaves covered the ground.”(落叶覆盖了地面。) • 过去分词作表语:如“The movie was highly praised by the critics.”(这部电影受到评论家的高度赞扬
用作副词
过去分词也可以用作副词,修饰动词或形容词。例如 :“She crept into the room.”
过去分词的时态和语态
时态
过去分词具有时态的概念,包括一般过去时、过去进行时、过去完成时等。例如:“I have finished my homework.”
语态
过去分词的语态包括主动语态和被动语态。例如:“The book was written by him.”
。) • 过去分词作补语:如“I found my book stolen.”(我发现我的书被偷了。)
在时态上的差异
现在分词一般用于进行时态,表示 动作正在进行中。
VS
非谓语动词语法讲解学生版精编版
……………………………………………………………最新资料推荐…………………………………………………非谓语动词语法讲解一、非谓语动词的概念动词的基本用法是作谓语。
当句中已经有了谓语动词了,要选或要填的动词就只能用非谓语形式了。
非谓语形式有三种:1、动词不定式:to do 2、动词的 ing : doing 3、 动词的过去分词:done二、三种形式的含义(基本用法)不定式:表示目的和将来;动词的 ing:表示主动和进行;过去分词:表示被动和完成。
三、非谓语动词的时态和语态不定式 主动 被动ing 形 主动式被动一般式 to do完成式进行式to have done to be doingto be done to have been donedoinghaving donebeing done having beendone过去分 被动 词done四、非谓语动词的否定形式 在非谓语动词前加 not, never. 即 not / never to do, not / never doing五、非谓语动词的复合结构 不定式的复合结构:for / of sb. to do sth.1……………………………………………………………最新资料推荐…………………………………………………动词 ing 形式的复合结构:宾格或所有格+doing (-ing 形式作主语时,用的所有格+doing) 六、非谓语动词的做题步骤1、判定是否用非谓语形式。
方法:看看句子中是否已有了谓语动词了 2、找非谓语动词的逻辑主语。
方法:非谓语动词的逻辑主语一般是句子的主语。
3、判断主被动关系。
方法:非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的主动还是被动关系。
4、判断时间关系。
方法:分析句子,看看非谓语动词所表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前、之后还是同时。
之前常用 done; 之后常用 to do; 同时常用 doing. 学习非谓语形式时,建议把三种形式一起来比较学习,会更加有效一些。
非谓语动词之现在分词和过去分词
2023-11-12CATALOGUE目录•非谓语动词概述•现在分词•过去分词•现在分词和过去分词的区别与联系•现在分词和过去分词在句法中的运用•练习题及答案01非谓语动词概述非谓语动词的定义•非谓语动词,也称为非限定动词,是动词的非谓语形式,包括不定式、动名词和分词。
它们在句子中不能单独作谓语,但可以在句中担任其他成分。
非谓语动词的种类不定式不定式表示一个将要发生的动作,具有名词、形容词和副词的特点。
动名词动名词表示一个正在进行的动作,具有名词、形容词和副词的特点。
现在分词现在分词表示一个正在进行的动作,具有名词、形容词和副词的特点。
过去分词过去分词表示一个已经完成的动作,具有名词、形容词和副词的特点。
02现在分词现在分词的基本形式一般形式动词原形 + -ing被动形式be + 动词-ed完成形式having + 动词-ed现在分词的用法作为形容词描述名词的性质或状态作为名词表示正在进行的动作或状态作为副词修饰动词或整个句子现在分词的时态和语态时态现在进行时、过去进行时、将来进行时语态主动语态、被动语态03过去分词过去分词的基本形式过去分词在形式上是由动词的过去式加上-ed结尾构成的。
例如:walked(步行),talked(谈论),cooked(烹饪)。
有些动词的过去分词形式并不是加上-ed,需要进行记忆。
例如:write-writen(写),go-gone(去)。
过去分词的用法过去分词可以作为动词的完成式,表示动作在过去已经完成。
例如:I have walked tothe park.(我已经走到公园了。
)过去分词可以作为形容词使用,表示已经完成的动作或状态。
例如:acooked meal(一顿烹饪好的饭)。
过去分词还可以作为名词使用,表示一种状态或行为。
例如:Hishobby is collecting stamps.(他的爱好是集邮。
)过去分词的时态包括一般过去时、过去完成时、过去进行时等…I had walked to the park before dinner.(我在晚饭前已经走到公园了。
非谓语动词,现在分词过去分词
分词有现在分词(the Present Participle)和过去分词(the Past Participle),在句中充当定语、表语、补语和状语。
一、现在分词(一)分词的形式主动语态被动语态语态时态一般式doing being done完成式having done having been done其否定形式是在doing之前加上not【随时练】1). He ran back home at night, ______ (look) behind at times.2). ______ (tell) many times, the old man forgot the name of the supermarket.3). ______ (not get) well prepared, they decided to put off the meeting.【答案】1)looking 2)Having been told 3)Not having got(二) 分词在句中所做成分分词在句中可作定语、表语、状语、补足语等。
1、作定语分词作定语有两种形式。
它可以放在被修饰的名词之前,称为前置定语。
有的放在被修饰的名词之后,称为后置定语。
1)前置定语He is a promising young man. 他是一个有前途的年轻人。
Make less noise. There’s a sleeping child. 不要出太大声音,有个孩子在睡觉。
2)后置定语The young man running after Jim was the winner in the last year race.跟在吉姆身后跑的年轻人是去年比赛的冠军。
3)分词短语作定语必须置于被修饰词之后,相当于一个定语从句。
如:Those wishing to see the film star have been waiting for hours.(=Those who wish to see the film star have been waiting for hours.)想见那个电影明星的人已经等了几个小时。
非谓语动词,现在分词过去分词
分词有现在分词(the Present Participle)和过去分词(the Past Participle),在句中充当定语、表语、补语和状语。
一、现在分词(一)分词的形式主动语态被动语态语态时态一般式doing being done完成式having done having been done其否定形式是在doing之前加上not【随时练】1). He ran back home at night, ______ (look) behind at times.2). ______ (tell) many times, the old man forgot the name of the supermarket.3). ______ (not get) well prepared, they decided to put off the meeting.【答案】1)looking 2)Having been told 3)Not having got(二) 分词在句中所做成分分词在句中可作定语、表语、状语、补足语等。
1、作定语分词作定语有两种形式。
它可以放在被修饰的名词之前,称为前置定语。
有的放在被修饰的名词之后,称为后置定语。
1)前置定语He is a promising young man. 他是一个有前途的年轻人。
Make less noise. There’s a sleeping child. 不要出太大声音,有个孩子在睡觉。
2)后置定语The young man running after Jim was the winner in the last year race.跟在吉姆身后跑的年轻人是去年比赛的冠军。
3)分词短语作定语必须置于被修饰词之后,相当于一个定语从句。
如:Those wishing to see the film star have been waiting for hours.(=Those who wish to see the film star have been waiting for hours.)想见那个电影明星的人已经等了几个小时。
(完整版)非谓语动词语法讲解
非谓语动词语法讲解一、非谓语动词的概念动词的基本用法是作谓语。
当句中已经有了谓语动词了,要选或要填的动词就只能用非谓语形式了。
非谓语形式有三种:1、动词不定式:to do 2、动词的ing : doing 3、动词的过去分词:done二、三种形式的含义(基本用法)不定式:表示目的和将来;动词的ing:表示主动和进行;过去分词:表示被动和完成。
三、非谓语动词的时态和语态一般式完成式进行式不定式主动to do to have done to be doing被动to be done to have beendoneing 形式主动doing having done 被动being done having beendone过去分词被动done四、非谓语动词的否定形式在非谓语动词前加not, never. 即 not / never to do, not / never doing五、非谓语动词的复合结构不定式的复合结构:for / of sb. to do sth.动词 ing 形式的复合结构:宾格或所有格+doing (-ing 形式作主语时,用的所有格+doing)六、非谓语动词的做题步骤1、判定是否用非谓语形式。
方法:看看句子中是否已有了谓语动词了2、找非谓语动词的逻辑主语。
方法:非谓语动词的逻辑主语一般是句子的主语。
3、判断主被动关系。
方法:非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的主动还是被动关系。
4、判断时间关系。
方法:分析句子,看看非谓语动词所表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前、之后还是同时。
之前常用 done; 之后常用to do; 同时常用doing.学习非谓语形式时,建议把三种形式一起来比较学习,会更加有效一些。
七、非谓语动词作主语和表语的比较1、不定式和动名词作主语和表语a. 不定式表示一次性的、具体的动词。
动词ing 常表示一般的、泛指的或习惯性的动作。
如:________ is a good form of exercise for both young and old.A. The walkB. WalkingC. To walkD. Walk(分析) a good form 暗示泛指一般的行为,用动名词作主语,选 Bb. 不定式作主语时,常用it 作形式主语,即用句型:It is + adj. / n. + (for / of sb. ) to do sth.It’s important for us to learn English well.It’s kind of you to help us.注意:下面几个句型是用动名词:It’s no good / use doing sth.It’s usel ess doing sth.There is no need to do sth.2、不定式、动名词、分词作表语的比较1、不定式、动名词作表语,.表示主语的内容。
(完整word)非谓语动词现在分词和过去分词的用法
非谓语动词(现在分词/过去分词的具体用法)Step1:分词的语法意义:(1)分词是非谓语动词,不可以单独作谓语。
(2)它具有动词、形容词、副词的特征.A:当它具备动词特征时可有自己的宾语,也可带状语构成分词短语.B:当它具备形容词的特点时,可在句中作定语、宾语补足语和状语,还可以构成独立结构。
C:当它具有副词特征时,可在句中作状语,也可构成独立结构。
Step2:分类:分词按语法功能可分为现在分词和过去分词两种.Step3:构成:现在分词v+—ing(即v-ing形式);过去分词:V+-ed(即v-ed形式).一,分词作定语的用法.(一)现在分词作定语的用法.特点:(1)单个现在分词作定语时,一般放在所修饰词的后面.(2)若是现在分词短语作定语时,则放在它所修饰词的后面.(3)现在分词作定语,意思表示“正在—-—-的”或“即将——-—-的”或“令人—---—-的”。
(4)与所修饰的名词之间是主动关系,或者表是表示正在进行的动作。
E g: The studentraised a confusingquestion.(表示:令人费解/困惑的)主语及物动词定语宾语译文:这个学生提出一个令人困惑的问题.E g: The retiring teacher walked into the classroom.(表示:即将退休的)定语译文:这位即将退休的老师步入教室.E g: The aging father found it hard to solve this tough problem.(表示:年华正在老去的)定语译文:这位日渐年迈的父亲发现很难解决这个棘手的问题。
E g: The man talking to a stranger loudly is our English teacher。
(表示:主动和正在进行)现在分词作后置定语译文:正在和一位谋生人大声交谈的那个人是我们的英语老师。
(二)过去分词作定语的用法.特点:(1)单个过去分词作定语时,一般放在所修饰词的后面。
高考英语非谓语动词讲解(现在分词与过去分词)
现在分词与过去分词一、现在分词的时态和语态一般式被动式完成时完成被动式二、分词的句子成分分词具有形容词和副词的特征, 在句子中可以做语、语、语或语等。
(1) The secretary worked late into the night, preparing a long speech for the president .(2) Given more time , I’ll do it better . (3) Having been punished by the teacher,he was very sad.(4) The story is interesting . I’m interested in it .(5) This is a moving film .(6) When he passed the back of the street , he saw the thief stealing some money from the bank .(7) The classroom was quite noisy. I couldn’t have myself heard.三、现在分词与过去分词的区别1. Do you know the man talking to Tom ? China is a developing country and America is a developed one.2. (see)from the hill , the city looks beautiful and (see)from the hill , you can see the whole city . 总结:现在分词表示和,过去分词表示和。
每个分词都有其逻辑主语,找准其逻辑主语才能确定主动与被动。
1、分词作表语时看The news sounds (encourage)and we are all ( encourage).2、分词作定语时看The Olympic Games , (first play) in 776 B.C., did not include women plays until 1912 .On a (freeze) morning the little match girl was found (freeze) at the corner of the street.He managed to make himself (understand)with his (break)English.3、分词作状语时看The girl is walking in the supermarket, (take) by a young woman (take) a red handbag.The visiting Minister expressed his satisfaction with talks , ____ (add) that he had enjoyed his stay here .The boy seated himself in the corner with his back ______(turn) to his father.( Feel)hot, he left only his stomach (cover) with a piece of cloth.4、分词作宾补时看All of us noticed the boy (steal) a bike,and we also saw him (catch) soon._____ (Leave)some of the questions (unanswer), the Premier said goodbye to us.The speaker raised his voi ce, but he still couldn’t make himself ________(hear) .5、分词作主补时看The next morning the man was found ______ (lie) in bed , dead .Babies are not encouraged (look after) like that.6、独立主格结构看The boy lay on the ground, his eyes ______(close)and his hands ______(tremble).Tom looked at Jenny, tears ______(fill) his eyes, and shouted out the words ______ (hide) in his heart .四、分词作表语1)现在分词与过去分词作表语的区别:The news is interesting and he is interested in it . We were all frightened at the frightening news. 2)常作表语的过去分词amused , lost , broken , gone , delighted, excited , pleased , satisfied , married ,worried , surprised , interested , burnt , shut , crowded , wounded , drunk五、注意四种结构have something to do 有某事要做,have something done 使某事被做, have something to be donehave somebody do something 使某人做某事,have sb. doing 让某人一直做着六、需要跟反身代词作宾语的动词常见的这样的词有:seat , dress ,prepare , hide 如:I seated myself on the chairThe clever boy hid himself under the bed and escaped punishment (being punished).七、分词与不定式做状语的区别分词表示时间、原因、让步、条件、方式、伴随等,不定式表示目的和结果。
非谓语动词 (现在分词,过去分词)
2. 找逻辑主语 如果没有连词,则确定用非谓语动词,首先确 定逻辑主语。
1). 如果非谓语动词没有逗号隔开时, 则逻辑主 语常常为最接近一个名词;
2). 如果非谓语动词有逗号隔开时,则 a). 非谓语动词放在句首,句中时,逻辑主语为 主句主语;
b). 非谓语动词放在句末时; 主句主语;
逻辑主语 最接近一个名词
There are some boys p_l_ay_i_n_g_o_n__t_h_e_g_r_o_u_n_d.
This is our library b_u_i_lt_i_n_1_9_9_2_.
Do you know the road l_e_a_d_in_g__to__th_e__p_a_rk_.__
1). With a lot of problems _t_o__so_l_v_e____, the president was having a hard time. (solve)
2). With a lot of problems _s_o_lv_e_d_____, the president was having a good time. (solve)
注意事项: (1)位置: 分词作状语时,位于句首或者句末;
(2) 逻辑主语: 主句主语;
(3) 省略句: 由when, while, though, although, if , as if, even if, before, after, unless等引导的从 句中;
a). 如果主句主语与从句主语相同,并且从句谓 语动词包括be时,则可以省去从句主语+be;
翻译下列短语: 1. 正在沸腾的水; Boiling water
2. 开水;Boiled water 3. 落叶 Fallen leaves
非谓语动词--现在分词和过去分词精编版
非谓语动词(II)----------动词ing形式的用法(现在分词/ 动名词)划出下列句子中的V-ing形式,并分析其句子成分。
⑴Smoking does great harm to people’s health.⑵ My job is looking after children.⑶ I have finished reading the novel.⑷ We have got a swimming pool in our school.(5) He made me angry by hitting my car.(6) Having heard the news, I wrote to him to comfort him.(7) This is one of the new supermarkets being built in our city.(8) I heard him singing a song in the classroom.(9) Do you know the boy standing at the gate?(10)The news he told us is exciting动词的ing形式,在作非谓语动词时,根据其在句子中充当的句子成分,可以叫做现在分词或动名词。
表示主动,或动作正在进行。
一般时doing 完成时having done 被动式being done现在分词:现在分词的意义和作用:分词在句中可以作定语、表语、状语和宾语补足语。
动名词:在句子中可以作主语,宾语I.doing作主语:表示经常性的动作。
to do 常表示未发生的动作Eg:Doing sports regularly is good for our health.1.______________________________(早起) is too difficult for the lazy boy.2.______________________________(多植树) can help protect the environment.3.______________________________(打篮球) is my favorite sport.4.______________________________(走路上班) is a kind of green lifestyle.5.______________________________(错过比赛时间) led to his failure.6.______________________________(保护野生动物)means protecting ourselves.7.______________________________(考试中作弊) is a terribly bad behavior.8.______________________________(相信我们自己) makes a great difference to our study.9.______________________________(照顾父母) is thought to be our duty.10.______________________________(吸烟和喝酒) do harm to our health.**doing作主语时,可用it作形式主语的句型:It is + no use, no good (fun, a great pleasure, a waste of time, a bore...)等名词+doing sth.It is no use crying.哭没有用。
英语语法 非谓语动词 现在分词和过去分词详解 -江苏省盐城市2021届高三一轮复习
非谓语动词分词:现在分词和过去分词一、现在分词形式1. 一般式(1)主动式doing (2) 被动式being done2. 完成式(1)主动式having done (2) 被动式having been done当非谓语动词的动作发生在主句谓语动作之前时,就用完成式。
当非谓语动词的动作发生在主句谓语动作之后时,或与主句谓语动作同时发生时,就用一般式。
二、何时用现在分词?1.vt. (及物动词)后有宾语时,非谓语动词用doing.2.vi.(不及物动词)非谓语动词用doing.3.vi.+介词+宾语时,非谓语动词用doing.三、过去分词形式done 表完成和被动;动词的过去分词有时相当于形容词。
四、何时用过去分词?vt. (及物动词)后没有宾语时,非谓语动词用done.五、分词做表语分词没有名词的性质,所以不能作主语。
但是分词有形容词的性质,可以作表语,多表明主语的特征性质或者状态等,可被very, quite, rather等副词修饰。
1. 现在分词即doing, 中文为“令人……”之意,主语多为物。
2. 过去分词即done, 中文为“感到……”之意,主语多为人。
过去分词一般表示被动或主语所处的状态。
常见分词有:astonishing/ astonished(惊奇); moving/ moved(感动); tiring/ tired(疲劳);disappointing/ disappointed(失望); puzzling/ puzzled(困惑); shocking/ shocked(震惊);boring/ bored(厌烦,厌倦); amusing/ amused(愉快,开心); exciting/ excited;satisfying/ satisfied(满足,满意)等六、分词做宾语补足语(一)现在分词做宾语补足语observe,notice, see, watch, look at, hear, find, keep, have, feel, get, catch, send, leave +sb./ sth. +doing sth.sb./ sth. 和doing之间存在主谓关系(主动关系),强调动作正在进行,尚未完成。
非谓语动词(动词不定式现在分词过去分词和动名词)
非谓语动词(动词不定式、现在分词、过去分词和动名词)一、概念一个简单句只能有一个动词做谓语,这个动词叫谓语动词;在这个简单句中,其他没有做谓语的动词,不管有多少个,都不能做谓语,这些动词就叫非谓语动词。
这是英语语法极其重要的一个原则。
谓语动词要以谓语动词形式表达出来,非谓语动词要以非谓语动词的形式表达出来。
非谓语动词包括:动词不定式-to do动名词-doing现在分词-doing过去分词-done非谓语动词,顾名思义,就是不是做谓语的动词;非谓语动词除了不做谓语,可以做主语、宾语、定语、状语和表语等各种其他句子成分。
要掌握非谓语动词的用法,就是要掌握不同非谓语动词在各个句子成分的不同含义和用法。
二、非谓语动词的用法区别从含义上大略可以区别:过去分词-done一般表示被动、完成的意思,所以从主动和被动方面先可以把过去分词和动词不定式、现在分词、动名词区分开来。
动词不定式一般表示目的、还未发生的动作。
现在分词一般表示正在进行或与谓语动词同时发生的动作。
动名词具有名词的特性,在句中一般做主语、宾语、表语。
所以,就区别to do与doing的区别就可以了。
1、to do与doing(动名词)的区别(主要是在做主语、表语和宾语时的区别)(1)做主语和表语的区别一般来说,在表示比较抽象的一般行为或者经常性行为时多用动名词;在表示具体的某次动作,特别是将来发生的动作,多作不定式。
做主语:Smoking is prohibited here.此地禁止抽烟。
To invite him to tomorrow party is necessary.邀请他参加明天的聚会是必要的。
做表语:My job is teaching English .我的工作是教英语。
Our task now is to increase food production.我们现在的任务是增加粮食产量。
表语是以下一些词,一般用动名词做真正主语:注意:it是形式主语,动名词是真正主语。
非谓语动词现在分词和过去分词的用法
非谓语动词(现在分词/过去分词的具体用法)Step1:分词的语法意义:(1)分词是非谓语动词,不可以单独作谓语.(2)它具有动词、形容词、副词的特征.A:当它具备动词特征时可有自己的宾语,也可带状语构成分词短语.B:当它具备形容词的特点时,可在句中作定语、宾语补足语和状语,还可以构成独立结构.C:当它具有副词特征时,可在句中作状语,也可构成独立结构.Step2:分类:分词按语法功能可分为现在分词和过去分词两种.Step3:构成:现在分词v+-ing(即v-ing形式);过去分词:V+-ed(即v-ed形式).一,分词作定语的用法.(一)现在分词作定语的用法.特点:(1)单个现在分词作定语时,一般放在所修饰词的后面.(2)若是现在分词短语作定语时,则放在它所修饰词的后面.(3)现在分词作定语,意思表示“正在----的”或“即将-----的”或“令人------的”.(4)与所修饰的名词之间是主动关系,或者表是表示正在进行的动作.E g: The studentraised a confusing question.(表示:令人费解/困惑的)主语及物动词定语宾语译文:这个学生提出一个令人困惑的问题.E g: The retiring teacher walked into the classroom.(表示:即将退休的)定语译文:这位即将退休的老师步入教室.E g: The aging father found it hard to solve this tough problem.(表示:年华正在老去的)定语译文:这位日渐年迈的父亲发现很难解决这个棘手的问题.E g: The man talking to a stranger loudly is our English teacher.(表示:主动和正在进行)现在分词作后置定语译文:正在和一位谋生人大声交谈的那个人是我们的英语老师.(二)过去分词作定语的用法.特点:(1)单个过去分词作定语时,一般放在所修饰词的后面.(2)若是过去分词短语作定语时,则放在它所修饰词的后面.(3)过去分词作定语,意思表示“感到----的”或“受到-----的”.(4)与所修饰的名词之间是被动关系,或者表示:已经完成的动作.E g: The retired soldier passed away last year.(表示:已经退休的或者动作已经完成)定语译文:那个退役的军人上个月去世了.E g: The wounded soldier was sent to the hospital immediately.(表示:受伤的或者动定语经完成).译文:那位受伤的士兵被立刻送往医院.E g: Give me some boiled water to drink.(表示:已经煮开过的或者动作已经完成)定语译文:给我弄点白开水喝.练习:He is sweeping(falling; fallen) leaves in the (falling; fallen) rain.译文:他在雨中扫落叶.二,分词作表语的用法.(一)现在分词作表语的用法.特点:单个现在分词作表语时,多表示主语所具有的特征.一般放在系动词be/become/look/sound/smell/remain/seem/appear等后面.作表语的分词均为形容词.可以译成:“-----------的”.E g: The English speech contest is really exciting.(表示:令人兴奋的)表语译文:这次英语演讲比赛很令人兴奋.E g: The naughty baby is very tiring.(表示:令人累的)表语译文:这个调皮的孩子真是累人.E g: The food smells so inviting.(表示:令人诱惑的)表语译文:这食物闻起来很诱人.E g: This once-in-a-blue-moon experience is really thrilling.(表示:令人刺激的)译文:这次难得的经历真扣人心弦.(二)过去分词作表语的用法.特点:单个过去分词作表语时,多表示主语所处的状态.一般放在系动词be/ become/look/sound/smell/remain/seem/appear等后面.作表语的分词均为形容词.可以译成:“-----------的”.E g: I was bored by her endless bragging.(表示:感到枯燥、厌倦的).译文:她不停地吹嘘,我烦透了.E g: I’m really interested in making a speech in English in public.(表示:感到有趣的)译文:我对在公共场合用英文演讲非常感兴趣.E g: I felt confused about this matter.(表示:感到费解、迷惑的)译文:我对这件事情很费解.总结:并非所有的分词均可当形容词对待.有些分词不能翻译成“--------的”.Killed:不能译成“感到杀的”Killing:不能译成“令人杀的”Writing:不能译成“令人写的”Written:不能译成“感到写的”此类分词,只能置于be动词之后,不可置于连系动词(become/look/sound/smell/remain/seem/appear)等后面,不可视为是形容词,而视为动词的进行时或被动语态.E g: He was murdered last night.(表示:一般过去式的被动语态)译文:他昨晚被谋杀了.E g: I can’t believe you didn’t have a written contract.译文:我简直不敢相信,你居然没有一份书面合同.三,分词作宾语补足语的用法.(一)现在分词作宾语补足语的用法.特点:现在分词作宾语补足语时常用在感官动词和使役动词之后,现在分词一般强调动作正在进行,主动,与物有关.方法:(1)宾补的动词若为及物动词,后面一定接宾语,共同作宾补.(2)宾补的动词为不及物动词,一律用现在分词.(3)宾语与宾补之间为主动关系.(4)宾补的动作在逻辑上是由宾语来完成的.E g: I heard some girls gossiping about you.宾语补足语译文:我听到一些女孩子在说你的闲话.E g: I found him killing cockroaches宾语补足语译文:我发现他正在杀蟑螂.E g: I saw him coming out of the office just now.宾语补足语译文:我刚才看见他正在从办公室出来.(二)过去分词作宾语补足语的用法.特点:现在分词作宾语补足语时常用在感官动词和使役动词之后,过去分词一般强调被动,完成,与人有关.方法:(1)宾补的动词为及物动词,后面不可接宾语(2.)宾语与宾补之间为被动关系,宾补与前面的宾语构成动宾关系.(3)宾补的动作不是由宾语自身完成.E g: I found the cockroaches killed.(过去分词充当宾语补足语)译文:我发现那些蟑螂被人杀了.E g: I had my wallet robbed in the street this morning.(过去分词充当宾语补足语)译文:今天早上在街上我的钱包被人抢了.(三)由介词with引导的复合结构中,分词作宾语补足语的用法.特点:置于句首或句尾,常用来修饰句中的主语,以表示主语所处的状况,通常为大动作附带小动作时,大动作以句子的动词表示,而小动作则使用with复合结构.(1)with +宾语+宾补(过去分词充当).特点:宾语与宾补之间表示被动和完成.E g: He stood there with his arms folded.译文:他双臂交叉站在那里.E g: He sat there with his eyes closed.译文:他双眼闭着坐在那儿.(2)with +宾语+宾补(现在分词充当).特点:宾语与宾补之间表示主动和正在进行.E g: He talked to me with his legs shaking译文:他和我说话时两腿发抖.E g: A: Come on, Please give me some ideas about the project.B: Sorry. With so much work filling my mind, I almost break down.(3)with +宾语+宾补(动词不定式充当).特点:宾语与宾补之间表示将要发生或没有完成.E g: With a lot of difficult problems to settle, the manager felt worried all the time.译文:由于很多的难题没有得到解决,经理一直很担忧.(4)with +宾语+宾补(介词短语充当).特点:表示宾语所处的状态.E g: He talked to me with a pipe in his mouth.译文:他和我说话时嘴里叼着烟斗.四,分词作状语的用法.(一)现在分词作状语的用法.特点:(1)现在分词短语作状语时刻表示原因、方式、伴随、结果、或条件等.此时它的逻辑主语应与句子的主语保持一致.(2)现在分词一般式,若现在分词短语表示的动作与谓语表示的动作同时发生,或者紧接发生,也可在该短语前加上when或while; (3)现在分词的完成时,若现在分词短语表示的动作在谓语表示的动作之前发生.(4)若现在分词短语的逻辑主语(即句子的主语)发出该动作,则就是主动语态.(5)若现在分词短语的逻辑主语(句子的主语)承受了该动作,那么就用它的被动式.E g:We often provide our children with toys, footballs or basketballs,thinking that all children like these things.(现在分词在句中作伴随状语,而且句子的主语是thinking的执行者).译文:我们考虑到孩子们都喜欢这些东西,通常给孩子提供玩具;足球和篮球.E g: Daddy didn’t mind what we were doing, as long as we were together, having fun.(现在分词在句中作伴随状语,而且句子的主语we是having的执行者).译文:只要我们能在一起共享乐趣,爸爸不会介意我们在做什么.E g: The storm left, having caused a lot of damage to this area.(说明:分词的逻辑主语为the storm,故用现在分词表示主动,因为是造成破坏之后离开的,所以用现在完成时态,在句中作时间状语从句)可以改写为:After it had caused a lot of damage to this area, the storm left.E g:Having been separated from other continents for millions of years, Australia has many plants and animals not found in any other country in the world.(说明:separate from 与主句主语有被动的含义,并且先于主句谓语动词,因此用现在分词完成时的被动语态)E g: Oil prices have risen by 32percent since the start of the year, reaching a recor d$57.65 a barrel on April 4.(现在分词在句中作伴随状语)译文:自从今年开始油价已经上涨了32﹪,在4月份达到每桶$57.65这个记录.E g: The manager, having made it clear to us that he didn’t agree with us, left the meeting room.(现在分词的完成时态表示动作发生在主句的动作之前).E g: Whenever he was asked why he was late for class, he would answer careless, always saying the same thing.译文:无论什么时候他被问到为什么他会上课迟到,他总是粗心地答复,说着同样的话.E g:He is a student at OxfordUniversity, studying for a degree in computer science.(现在分词在句中作伴随状语)E g: He was busy writing a story,only stopping once in a while to smoke a cigarette.(现在分词在句中作伴随状语)译文:他那时忙于写一个故事,只是偶尔停下来抽支烟.E g:Having been shown around the Water Cube, we were then taken to see the Bird’s Nest for the 2008 Olympic Games.译文:我们参观了水立方后,又被带去参观了为20XX年奥运会准备的鸟巢.E g: Not realizing that he was in great danger, Eric walked deeper into the forest. (主语Eric与realize 构成主动关系,因此用realizing,v-ing形式前加not表示否定)练习题:1,in the queue for half an hour, the old man suddenly realized he had left the cheque in the car.A: Waiting B: To wait C: Having waited D: To have waited2, in the fields on a March afternoon, he could feel the warmth of spring.A: To walk B: Walking C: Walked D: Having walked3, their hats into the air, the fans of the winning team let out loud shouts of victory.A: To throw B: Thrown C: Throwing B: Being thrown4, We had an anxious couple of weeks for the results of the experiment.A: wait B: to be waiting C: waited D: waiting.5, that she was going off to sleep , I asked if she’s like that little doll on her bed.A: Seeing B: To see C: See D: Seen.6, The wild flowers looked like a soft orange blanketthe desert.A: Covering B: Covered C: Cover D: To cover.(二)过去分词作状语的用法.特点:(1)过去分词短语作状语修饰谓语动词,说明其发生的情况,可以放在句首其强调作用,也可放在句中、句末,它的逻辑主语须与句子的主语保持一致.(2)过去分词一般表示动作已完成,只有一般式.(3)过去分词表示被动和完成E g:Dressed in a white uniform, he looks more like a cook than a doctor.说明:当状语从句的主语和主句主语相一致且谓语包含动词be的某种形式时,可省略从句的主语以及动词be. 恢复原句:When he is dressed in a white uniform, -----------.译文:穿着白色的制服,他看上去更像是个厨师而不像医生.E g: When offered help, one often says “ Thank you.”O r“It’s kind of you.”译文:当被提供了帮助时,人们常说:“谢谢”或“你真好”.E g: Faced with so much trouble, we failed to complete the task on time.说明:be faced with 表示:“面临,面对.”作原因状语.译文:由于面临很多的困难,我们未能按时完成这项工作.E g: Blamed for the breakdown of the school computer network, Alice was in low spirits.(作原因状语).练习题:1,No matter how frequently , the works of Beethoven still attract people all over the world.A: Performed B: Performing C: to be performed D: being performed2,The flowers his friend gave him will die unlessevery day.A: watered B: watering C: water D: to water3, by a greater demand of vegetables , farmers have built more green houses.A: Driven B: Being driven C : To drive D: Having driven4, To learn English well, we should find opportunities to hear Englishas much as we can.A: speak B: speaking C: spoken D: to speak5, It is one of the funniest things on the internet so far this year.A: finding B: being found C: to find D: found(三)分词结构-----动词变化1,若一句中有两个动词同时存在,彼此一定要有连接词相连.E g: He studied very hard but failed the exam.2, 若两个动词没有连接词相连,注意下列变化原则.(1) 若两个动词所代表的动作时同时发生时,第二个动词一定要变成现在分词;若该动词是be动词,变成现在分词being 之后要省略.E g: He sat in the corner reading books.(他一面坐在角落,一面看书,动作同时发生,因此read应该变成现在分词)译文:他坐在角落看书.E g: Don’t sit there doing nothing. Come and help me with this table.译文:别坐那儿无所事事,过来帮助我收拾一下桌子.E g: He came home was tired.第一步:变成:He came home being tired.第二步:变成:He came home tired.(说明:他一面回家,一面感到累,故came与was tired同时发生.由于was是be动词,变成being之后应给予省略)译文:他回到家感到很累.E g: He left young and came back old.译文:他少小离家老大回.E g: We are born equal.译文:我们生而平等.(2)若两个动词所代表的动作并非同时发生,而是有先后次序时,第二个动词就要变成“to+动词原形)形成的不定式短语,作目的状语.E g: He stood up to smoke a cigarette.译文:他站起来抽烟.E g: He rushed here to tell me the story.译文:他赶到这里来告诉我这个故事.(3)若有两个动词有逗号隔开,而无连接词时,就不必考虑动词所代表的动作先后发生的次序,第二个动词一定要变成现在分词.E g: He left home at six in the morning, arriving here about four in the afternoon.译文:他早上6点离开家,约下午4点抵达此地.E g: He ran away quickly, looking as if something terrible had happened.译文:他很快的跑开了,看起来好像发生了什么可怕的事.(四)分词结构-----单句化简法.两个句子在一起,若无连接词相连时,往往第一个句子要化简,变成分词短语.法则如下:(1)两句的主语相同时,被化简的句子的主语要删除,若主语不同时要保留.(2)之后的动词要变成现在分词.(3)若该动词为be动词时,变成现在分词being之后,可给予省略,但亦可不予省略,以强调“因为------”的意思.E g: He has nothing to do, he feels bored.改正:化简第一个句子第一步:删除相同的主语he第二步:其后动词has变成现在分词having.最简化为:Having nothing to do , he feels bored.译文:他没有事情可做,所以觉得无聊.E g: He was sick of studying, he ran away from home.改正:化简第一个句子第一步:删除相同的主语he第二步:其后动词was变成现在分词being,然后给予省略.最简化为:Sick of studying, he ran away from home.译文:他厌倦学习,所以离家出走了.E g: The sun set, the cowboys rode back to the ranch.改正:化简第一个句子第一步:因为两个句子的主语不同,故要保留.第二步:其后动词set变成现在分词setting.最简化为:The sun setting, the cowboys rode back to the ranch.译文:夕阳西下,牛仔们刺马回到牧场(五)使用单句化简法时应注意事项.(1)变成否定分词结构时,not要置于分词前.E g:Not satisfied with result, he decided to try again.译文:他不满意此结果,决定再试一次.(2)句中有助动词do/does/did时,可直接删除.E g: He didn’t intend to see her, he left early.-----Not intending to see her, he left early.译文:他不打算见她,便提前离开了.(3)句中有完成时助动词has /have/had要视为动词而变成现在分词having.E g: He had done the work, he felt very happy.--------having done the work , he left happy.译文:他做完了这个工作,觉得很高兴.E g: I have not seen her for ages, I miss her very much.-------Not having seen her for ages, I miss her very much.译文:好久没有见面了,我非常想念她.(4)主语不同时,所形成的分词短语,成为分词的独立主格结构.所谓分词的独立主格结构,就是独立修饰不同主语的分词结构.在句中只能做状语,表示条件;时间;原因;伴随情况.E g: This being the case, you’d better be more careful.(解释:this being the case原为this is the case,但如此一来,本句与you’d better be more careful 无连接词相连.故将第一个句子化简为分词短语.由于主语不同,故给予保留,之后的动词is变成现在分词being, being the case 独立修饰不同主语this,故称为分词的独立主格结构).译文:这样的话,你最好多加小心.E g: All things considered, I decided to major in business administration.译文:全盘考虑后,我决定主修企业管理.E g: All the work finished, you can go home.译文:所有工作都做完了,你可以回家了.E g: Weather permitting , we are going to have a picnic tomorrow.译文:若天气许可,我们明天就去野餐.(六)分词短语------定语从句化简法.1,在限定性定语从句中、(即关系代词之前无逗号)中,若关系代词作主语时,可化简成分词短语,法则如下:(1)删除关系代词(2)其后动词变成现在分词.(3)若该动词为be动词,变成现在分词being之后,可给予省略.E g: The man who is talking to Mary over there is my father.第一步:将who删除第二步:将who之后的is变成现在分词being第三步:再将being省略.上句可简化成:-----------The man talking to Mary over there is my father.译文:那边那位正在和玛丽说话的男士是我爸爸.2,在非限制性的定语从句中(即关系代词之前有逗号)通常不得化简为分词短语.E g: I like Tom, who is talking to Mary.-------不能变成I like Tom, talking to Mary.3, 不过在非限制性的定语从句结构为“关系代词+be+名词”时,则仍可化简,从而形成同位语.E g: John, who is a good friend of mine, studies hard.------John, a good friend of mine , studies hard.译文:约翰,我的一个好朋友,学习很用功.(七)分词短语------状语从句化简法.Once; when; while; if ;unless; though等六个连接词所引导的状语从句中,若主语与主句中的主语相同时,亦可化简为分词结构,法则与单句化简完全相同.注意:once; if; unless所引导的状语从句若化简为分词短语,多限于“主语+be+分词/形容词”的结构;而when; while; though则不限于此.E g: If I am free, I’ll go with you.-------If free,I’ll go with you.译文:如果有空,我将和你一起去.E g: Though he was seriously injured, he was not at all daunted.-----Though seriously injured, he was not at all daunted.译文:虽然受伤很严重,他一点都不畏惧.E g: Once I am available, I’ll let you know the result.-----O nce available, I’ll let you know the result.译文:一旦我有空,我会告诉你结果的.E g: Once I have money, I’ll buy a new car.------不能转化为Once having money, I’ll buy a new car.(八)少数现在分词可当成介词使用.(1)including 包含/包括=inclusive of ;(2)excluding =exclusive of除外;(3)considering 考虑;(4)regarding关于;(5)concerning=about=on关于E g: Considering his performance, he can be a good teacher.译文:从他的表现来看,他可以当个好老师.E g: He wrote an article regarding environment pollution.译文:他写了一篇有关环境污染的文章.(九)独立分词短语的使用.特点:某些独立分词短语有副词的功能,通常置于句首,修饰整个句子.常见的分词短语有:generally speaking(一般来说); judging from(从----判断); frankly speaking(坦率地说); considering everything(把一切考虑在内); strictly speaking(严格地说); talking of (谈到/谈及); according to(根据); seeing that+从句----------(既然);given that+从句---------(考虑到).E g:Generally speaking, the more expensive the camera, the better its quality.E g:Strictly speaking, he is not good enough.E g: Judging from his appearance, he seems to be rich.E g: Talking of the devil, he will appear.E g:According to John, the fire broke out at ten in the morning.E g:Seeing that you have no time, I’ll have Peter replace you.E g: Given that you had very little help, I think you did very well.(十)与使役动词有关的重要分词短语的句子.1,I started the ball rolling. 我给那件事开个头.2,The news set my heart throbbing.这个消息使我心悸不已3, I am sorry to have kept you waiting.我很抱歉让你久等了.4, I couldn’t make myself understood. 我无法让别人听懂我的话. 5, I had my shoes repaired.我把我的鞋拿去修好了.6, He got a new suit made.他订做了一套西服.7, You should leave it unsaid.你应该别提这件事情.8, I like my eggs half boiled.我喜欢吃煮的半熟的鸡蛋.9, I had my watch stolen.我的表被偷了.。
非谓语动词之现在分词和过去分词
xx年xx月xx日
目 录
• 引言 • 现在分词 • 过去分词 • 现在分词和过去分词的对比 • 现在分词和过去分词的练习
01
引言
什么是非谓语动词
• 非谓语动词是动词的一种形式,它们在句子中不能单独作为谓语动词,需要和助动词或情态动词结合使用 。非谓语动词包括现在分词、过去分词和不定式。
在句子的含义上的区别
现在分词
常常表示正在进行的动作或状态,具有主动性和进行性。
过去分词
通常表示被动或已经完成的动作,具有被动性和完成性。
现在分词和过去分词的转换规则
过去分词的基本形式是动词的-ed 形式,通常由动词原形去“-ing” 获得。
现在分词:swimming(游泳)由 动词swim去-ed获得。
定义与用法
定义
过去分词是动词的过去式和过去分词,具 有动词和形容词双重属性,可以作表语、 定语、状语等。
用法
通常用于描述已经完成的动作或状态,常 与have或has连用,构成完成时态。
过去分词的时态和语态
时态
过去分词具有一般过去时态和完成时态,作定语、表语、状语等,表示与主语之间的动宾关系。
语态
过去分词具有被动语态和主动语态。被动语态表示动作承受者是动作的承受者;主动语态表示动作执 行者是动作的执行者。
过去分词的构成规则
规则
大部分动词的过去分词都是在动词后面加上-ed,例如 worked、talked;但有一些动词的过去分词需要去掉 元音字母后面的d或者添加t,例如spoken、writen。
现在分词和过去分词的区别
• 现在分词和过去分词在句子中都作定语或状语,但它们表达的动作时间不同。现在分词表示正在进行的动 作或状态,具有主动的含义,通常与所修饰的名词或代词一起构成复合主语或复合宾语。而过去分词则表 示已经完成的动作或状态,具有被动含义,通常与所修饰的名词或代词一起构成被动语态。
非谓语动词之现在分词和过去分词精编版
非谓语动词 之
现在分词和过去分词
分词:Participles
一 分词的概述
1. 分词是“非谓语动词”的另一种形式,它有两种形式: 现在分词(Present Participle)和过去分词(Past Participle)。 2. 现在分词:doing
过去分词:done
3.分词在句中起形容词和副词的作用。在句中 作表语、定语状语和宾语补足语。
2. (Hearing/heard) the bad news, they couldn’t help crying. When they heard the bad news, they couldn’t help crying. 3. (Giving/Given) more time, we could do it better.
Because I don’t know her address, I can’t write to her.
2. Entering the room, I saw a strange sight.
When I entered the room, I saw a strange sight.
3, Scolded by the teacher, he was very sad.
And/When they were singing and laughing
To serve the people well, I stude people
well
判断下列句子正误并改正:
1. To learn English well, a lot of practice must be done.
Finding the door locked,
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性,平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益,请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间:9:00-18:30)。
非谓语动词(II)----------动词ing形式的用法(现在分词/ 动名词)划出下列句子中的V-ing形式,并分析其句子成分。
⑴Smoking does great harm to people’s health.⑵ My job is looking after children.⑶ I have finished reading the novel.⑷ We have got a swimming pool in our school.(5) He made me angry by hitting my car.(6) Having heard the news, I wrote to him to comfort him.(7) This is one of the new supermarkets being built in our city.(8) I heard him singing a song in the classroom.(9) Do you know the boy standing at the gate?(10)The news he told us is exciting动词的ing形式,在作非谓语动词时,根据其在句子中充当的句子成分,可以叫做现在分词或动名词。
表示主动,或动作正在进行。
一般时doing 完成时having done 被动式being done现在分词:现在分词的意义和作用:分词在句中可以作定语、表语、状语和宾语补足语。
动名词:在句子中可以作主语,宾语I.doing作主语:表示经常性的动作。
to do 常表示未发生的动作Eg:Doing sports regularly is good for our health.1.______________________________(早起) is too difficult for the lazy boy.2.______________________________(多植树) can help protect the environment.3.______________________________(打篮球) is my favorite sport.4.______________________________(走路上班) is a kind of green lifestyle.5.______________________________(错过比赛时间) led to his failure.6.______________________________(保护野生动物)means protecting ourselves.7.______________________________(考试中作弊) is a terribly bad behavior.8.______________________________(相信我们自己) makes a great difference to our study.9.______________________________(照顾父母) is thought to be our duty.10.______________________________(吸烟和喝酒) do harm to our health.**doing作主语时,可用it作形式主语的句型:It is + no use, no good (fun, a great pleasure, a waste of time, a bore...)等名词+doing sth.It is no use crying.哭没有用。
It is no good objecting.反对也没有用。
It is a great fun playing football.打篮球很有趣。
II. doing 作表语Eg: Her hobby is playing badminton.My mother’s job is selling clothes in a big department store.Her answer seemed disappointing.1.What I like best is ___________________________________________(业余时间听音乐)2.The movie we saw last weekend is ______________________(令人感动的)3.Her suggestion sounds ________________________(令人惊讶)4.Our daily work is _________________________________(打扫街道)5.What he said in the meeting was ________________________(令人鼓舞的)III. doing作宾语有些动词只能用动名词作宾语:finish, practice, consider, like, dislike, appreciate, escape, deny, bear, avoid, mind, hate, …..eg: a. You had better practise writing diaries in English every day.b. They are considering designing a new kind of robot.c. She can’t stand living in such terrible surrounding.下列动词短语接动名词:can’t help, put off, give up, look forward to, feel like, be fond of, contribute…to…devote to, get used to, get accustomed to…., be worth doing,have trouble / difficulty(in) doing sth.pay attention to, be addicted to .., spend….(in) doing.., stop/provent/keep…..(from) ….Eg: a. He always has difficulty communcating with his parents.b. The woman devotes all her life to helping the poor in Africa.c. Spending too much time surfing the Internet does harm to our mind.I V. doing作宾语补足语doing 在感官动词和使役动词+ 宾语后,表示宾语正在进行的动作,充当宾语补足语。
包括:see,find,watch,notice, hear,keep,make, have等。
Eg: a. When I passed the playground, I saw them playing football.b. Don’t keep the boy standing outside, for it’s raining.c. Can you hear someone calling you?1. On my way home yesterday, I saw a beggar _______________(lie) on the ground.2. The boss often keeps us _____________(work) till the midnight.3. Can you hear birds _______________(sing) in the trees?4. He noticed a police car ____________(come) and he ran away at once.5. When they finished the work, they found the sun ____________(set) down.V. doing作定语doing 作定语,与被修饰的名词之间是主动关系,单个分词放在被修饰的名词前,分词短语放在被修饰的名词后,称为后置定语。
Eg: a. We all can’t believe the s urprising results of the competition.b. Mr. Robinson bought a sleeping bag for his son’t camp.c. The woman wearing i n a red dress is the chairman.d. Do you know the boy standing near the window?1. The girl ____________(host) the ceremony is monitor of our class.2. There are lots of moneys ___________(jump) up and down in the national zoo.3. The police caught the thief ______________(steal) farmers’ cattle in the village.4. A Beenz ______________(run) terribly fast crashed a electricity bar by the road.5. Mr. Li’s daughter works in a softwar company ______________(lie) in Shenzhen. VI. doing作状语doing作状语,和其逻辑主语是主动关系,常表示伴随,时间或原因状语。
Eg: a. Hearing the news, she couldn’t help crying.b. The teacher came into the classroom, taking some gifts in her hands.c. Having written the work report, the manager turned off the lights and left.1. ___________(see) the terrible scene, the little girl2. He left a note to his mother, _____________(tell) that he would go hiking with his friends.3. The children were quite excited and happy, ______________(play) the hide-seek.4. __________ (learn) her family background, the teacher paid more attention to her.5. The little boy looked excited, _______________(look) at the toys in the window.6. A great number of refugees went to Europe, __________(hope) that they could live a happy life.7, The teacher came in, ____________(tell) us that our calss team won the final match.8. ________________(fall) ill, her mother had got to ask for fiive days’s leave.9. A group of visitors crowded into the reserve, _______________(take) photos of the rare plants.10. Mr. Robert stayed in the darkness, _____________(think) over his job when his wife came back.非谓语动词(III)----------过去分词一.过去分词的意义.过去分词表示“被动”或“完成”的意思。