现在分词和过去分词的区别

现在分词和过去分词的区别：

两种分词的区别很多，但它们之间的根本区别是：

1.语态上不同：

现在分词在语态上表示主动；而及物动词的过去分词表示被动。

2.时间关系上不同：

现在分词在时态上强调动作正在进行；过去分词在时态上强调动作已经完成

这种根本的区别具体体现在两种分词分别充当的各种句子成份中。细述如下：

一、分词作定语

共同点：分词作定语时，如果分词只是一个单词，那么，该分词就位于其所修饰的名词之前；如果是分词短语，那么，该短语就位于其所修饰的名词之后，它的作用相当于一个定语从句。

不同点：分词作定语时，被分词所修饰的名词就是该分词的逻辑主语。但现在分词与逻辑主语之间是主动关系，所表示的动作一般与句中谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生；而过去分词则表示被动关系，所示动作一般发生在谓语动词之前或同时发生。

1. There was a terrible noise ____ the sudden burst of light.

A. followed

B. following

C. to be followed

D. being followed

简析：首先，根据语法分析可知，句子后半部分是一个作定语、修饰noise 的分词短语；再根据句意“一阵闪电之后，接着就是一声巨响。”可知，巨响应是主动，紧接在闪电之后的。因此，该题应选________?

2. The Olympic Games, ____ in 776 B. C., didn’t include women until 1912.

A. first playing

B. to be first played

C. first played

D. to be playing

简析：首先，根据语法分析可知，待选部分是一个作定语、修饰The Olympic Games 的后置分词短语；再根据The Olympic Games 对于动词play 来说只能是被动承受，且已完成(in 776 B. C.)。因此，该题应选_______?

3. What’s the language ____ in Germany?

A. speaking

B. spoken

C. be spoken

D. to speak

简析：测试过去分词作后置定语表达被动，等于定语从句which is spoken; 因此答案是_________?

4. Most of the people ____ to the party were famous scientists.

A. invited

B. to invite

C. being invited

D. inviting

简析：首先，根据语法分析可知，待选部分是一个作定语; 再看people 和invite to the party 是被动关系，即被邀请来参加晚会的人，等于定语从句who were invited，因此答案应该是______?

5. Most of the artists ____ to the party were from South Africa.

A. invited

B. to invite

C. being invited

D. had been invited

6. The computer centre, ____ last year, is very popular among the students in this school.

A. open

B. opening

C. having opened

D. opened

7. The first textbooks ____ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.

A. having written

B. to be written

C. being written

D. written

二、分词作表语

共同点：

现在分词和过去分词作表语时，都起着形容词的作用。

不同点：

现在分词作表语时，与其逻辑主语之间是主动关系，所表示的动作的一般与句中谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生；而过去分词则表示被动关系，所示动作一般发生在谓语动词之前或同时发生。

1. This news sounds ____.

A. encouraging

B. encouraged

C. encourages

D. to encourage

2. -How did Bob do in the exams this time?

-Well, his father seems ____ with his results.

A. pleasing

B. please

C. pleased

D. to please

3. -How did the audience receive the new play?

-They got very ____.

A .excite B. excited C .excitedly D .exciting

三、分词作宾语补足语

共同点：

分词作宾语补足语时，句子的宾语就是该分词的逻辑主语。

两种分词在复合宾语中作宾语补足语时，都是对句子的宾语起补充或说明作用。

不同点：

但现在分词与其逻辑主语之间是主动关系，所表示的动作一般与句中谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生；而过去分词则表示被动关系，所示动作一般发生在谓语动词之前或同时发生。

Eg: 1. The next morning she found the man ____ in bed, dead.

A. lying

B. lie

C. lay

D. laying

2. ----Good morning. Can I help you?

----I’d like to have the package ____, madam.

A. be weighed

B. to be weighed

C. to weigh

D. weighed

3. If you wave your book in front of your face, you can feel the air ________ against your face.

A. moved

B. moving

C. moves

D. to move

四、分词作状语

共同点：

过去分词和现在分词作状语时，句子的主语就是该分词的逻辑主语。一般都在句子中作时