宾语从句教案
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龙文教育辅导讲义
学员编号(卡号):年级:初三第 1 课时学员姓名:辅导科目:英语教师:韩增锦
课题The Object Clause宾语从句
授课时间:8月30 日备课时间:8月27 日
教学目标1.掌握引导宾语从句的各种连词
2.掌握宾语从句的语序──主句+引导词+主语+谓语3.掌握宾语从句,主句与从句在时态上的呼应。
重点、难点重点:语序和时态呼应难点:语序和时态呼应
考点及考试要求熟练掌握宾语从句的构成及用法
教学内容
一.定义:在复合句中充当宾语的从句,叫宾语从句。
二.连接词:连词that(可省略),whether/if,连接代词,who,what, which, whose连接副词,when, where, why, how等。
That 本身无意义,只起连词作用,口语中可省略。
e.g.: He said (that)Kate was good at swimming. 他说凯特擅长游泳。
What, which, who, whose, whom, 等连接代词,在从句中作一定的成分,如主语,宾语,定语等。
e.g.:I don't know what they are going to do. 我不知道他们打算做什么。
He asked me whose the book is. 他问我这是谁的书。
When(表时间),where(表地点),why(表原因),how(表方式)等连词副词在从句中做主语。
e.g.: Could you tell me where you are from? 你能告诉我你来自哪吗?
Do you know how they found the place? 你知道他们是怎么找到那个地方的吗?
if/whether,意为“是否”不作句子成分,但不能省略。
e.g.: He asked me if/whether Miss Gao is a teacher.他问我高小姐是否是一位老师。
注意:if 和whether 在宾语从句中的用法区别:
一般情况下,if 和whether可以互换,但以下3种情况只能用whether:
①在不定式前:Whether to go there or not hasn't been decided.
②在介词前:It depends on whether it is going to rain.
③与or not连用:They are talking about whether to go there or not.
三、1、主句和从句时态一致的问题
(1)如果主句是现在的某种时态,(包括一般现在时,现在进行时,现在完成时),那么宾语从句的时态可据实际情况而定。
e.g.: I remember he gave me a book yesterday.我记得他昨天给了我一本书。
(2)如果主句是过去的某种时态,(一般过去时,过去进行时),那么宾语从句一定要用过去的某种时态(一般过
去时,过去进行时,过去完成时,过去将来时).
e.g.: He told me that he would take part in the high jump.他告诉我他将会参加跳高比赛。
(3)如果宾语从句表示的是客观真理或事实,即使主句是过去时,从句也用一般现在时.
e.g.: He told me that the earth is round (真理) 他告诉我地球是圆的。
2、宾语从句的语序
宾语从句的语序要用陈述句语序,陈述语序,即“连接词+主语+谓语+其它成分”。从句不能含有助动词do, does, did.
e.g.: I don’t know where he has gone.我不知道他去哪了?
你知道吗? 凯特的电子邮件地址吗?
What's Kate's e-mail address? Do you know? =Do you know what Kate's e-mail address is?
3、宾语从句的连接词
(1)当宾语从句是陈述句时,用that引导,如:老师告诉我们她是一个好女孩。
She was a good girl, the teacher told us=The teacher told us (that )she was a good girl。
注意:引导词that 勇于下列情况时不可省略:
①当宾语从句的主语是that 时,如:他说那是一本有用的书。He say's that is a useful book。
②当宾语从句中含有主从复合句时,如:我怕如果你丢了它,你必须赔偿它。
I'm afraid that if you're lost it, you must pay for it。
③当两个或多个宾语从句由并列连词连接时,除第一个从句中的that 可以省略外其余从句中的that 都不可以省略,如:他说这部电影得长有趣,并且他非常喜欢看。
He said that the film was very interesting and that he enjoyed seeing it every much。
(2)含疑问语气的句子构成宾语从句时,用whether 或if 连接,句尾的标点符号取决于主句,如:他问我是不是来自日本。
Are you from Japan? He asked me。=He asked if/whether I was from Japan.
(3)当宾语从句是特殊疑问句时,连接词就用原来的疑问句,但一定要注意用陈述问语序.如:你能告诉我他什么时候去的日本吗?
When did he lever for Japan? Could you tell me? =could you tell me when he left Japan?
4、否定转移
在主从复合句中,当主句的主语为第一人称,谓语动词是think\believe\suppose等时,要将从句的否定词转移到主语中,即主句的谓语动词用否定式,而从句的谓语动词用肯定是.如:我认为他不会和你一起来.
I don't think he will come with you.
5、宾语从句的简化
(1)当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同,且主句的谓语动词是hope, wish, decide, agree, choose等时,从句可简化为不定式结构。如:I hope that I can receive your e-mail. =I hope to receive your e-mail.我希望能收到你的电子邮件。
(2)当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同,且主句的谓语动词是know, remember, forget ,learn等时,从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。如:She doesn't know what she should do next. =She doesn't know what to do next.
她不知道下一步该做什么。
(3)动词seem后的宾语从句可用不定式(短语)来简化,但句型要有适当的变化,通常将宾语从句的主语作为简化的句子的主语,seem(适当时态形式)作谓语。如:
It seems that football is very interesting.
=Football seems to be very interesting.
足球似乎非常有趣。
(4)宾语从句可以简化为名词或名词短语。如: