侵权法(中英文对照)
英美合同侵权法
Case discussion1. Mr. X is regular customer of Mr. Y, the owner of a bookstore. One morning, Mr. X went into Mr. Y’s bookstore, looked at some books, and picked up a book. Because Mr. X forgot bringing money with him, he promised Mr. Y that he would pay for the book the next day. Mr. Y agreed. Is there a contract? If so, classify it within the types in this chapter. (Express contract; unilateral contract; valid contract; executor contract)2. Mr. X called a neighbor and offered to sell her his computer nextweek for 200 dollars. If his neighbor wished to accept, she could call back to him. The next morning, she called back and said she was willing to buy the computer. Is the contract formed bilateral or unilateral? Why? Bilateral contract, because each of the contracting parties makes a promise.3. While Mr. X was gardening in Mr. Y’s yard, Mr. Y was reading abook at home. Then Mr. Y stood by the window and watched Mr.X do the work once in a while. When Mr. X had finished the work.Mr. X asked Mr. Y to pay for his work. Do you think there is animplied or a quasi contract between them? Why? Implied contract课本7 Silence is not an effective acceptance unless an offereetakes the benefit of the offered services.1.If you offer to sell a friend a computer worth1000 dollars for100dollars, your friend accepts the offer. Is there a bindingagreement between you? Yes.课本532. Suppose Mr. X orally offered to sell Mr. Y a used car for 5000dollars. Two days later Mr. X notified Mr. Y that the car was no longer for sale. In that case, could Mr. X end the offer? Yes. Oral contract课本100页3. Assume Mr. X sent a letter to Mr. Y offering to sell a bicycle for50 dollars. Mr. Y sent a return letter to Mr. X rejecting the offer. Aweek later Mr. Y decided to accept the offer. Could Mr. Y accept the bicycle? No, the offer is terminated because of rejecting by the offeree Mr.Y. it is a new offer , Mr .Y is offeror; Mr.X is offeree. So Acceptance Must Be Accepted Only by the Offeree Mr.X.4. Suppose a man helped you pull your car out of ditch. After that,you promised to give him 30 dollars for the help, and the man agreed. Would the promise be binding? No. Preexisting obligations. A promise to do something that one is already obligated….not constitute consideration.课本66页Case discussion:1.Suppose you were induced to buy a second-hand car. Before you bought the car the dealer stated that the engine had recently been rebuilt. Actually it had not. After you bought the car, you had engine troubles and the car stopped running. If you wanted to break thecontract, what defense can you have? Misrepresentation. It is the creation of an impression in the mind of another person which is not in accord with the actual acts of the situation.当事人在订立合同的过程中对另一方所作出的与事实不符的陈述。
(完整版)美国侵权法(中英文)
美国侵权法（中英文）Restatement of the Law，Third，Torts by The American Law Institute美国法学会《侵权法第三次重述》Part One: Intoduction of Torts 侵权法概述Part Two： Apportionment of Liability（Rule Sections）第一部分：责任分担Part Three: Products Liability 产品责任Part One: Intoduction of Torts 侵权法概述在美国，侵权法主要属于各州的法律范畴，而且主要由判例法组成。
侵权行为可分为故意侵权行为（intentional tort)、过失侵权行为（negligence or negligent tort)和严格责任侵权行为 (strict liability tort). 对侵权行为的一般救济方法是对侵权行为所造成的损害予以一定的金钱补偿，在涉及交通事故等领域的侵权赔偿已广范采用了保险赔偿的方式。
Part One: Introduction 基本概念1. The law of tort is still the source of most civil suits in the United States, with damage claims for automobile accidents taking first place. Many circumstances contribute to this: (a) the plaintiff in an American civil suit is ordinarily entitled to try his claim before a jury which will often--and understandably--rely more on human than on legal considerations, for instance when a child has been injured in an automobile accident or through a defective product of a large enterprise;(b) Compensation and damages include not only the actual loss but also the intangible damage. A plaintiff can therefore often play on the human reaction of the jury: for instance, what is appropriate compensation for a permanent disability such as the loss of a limb? (c) American law permits the participation of the attorney in the plaintiff’s recovery (contingent fee) which not uncommonly amounts to 25 to 33 percent of the verdict. As a result of all of these factors, a tort action may be a lengthy proceeding, result in large expenses, for instance through honoraria for experts (which may deter the "small "plaintiff from suing at all), and may end in the award of a very large verdict. It is no linger uncommon that a jury will aware a verdict in excess of ＄100,000. These conditions have been the touchstone for several reform endeavors which will be discussed inmore detail below.在美国，侵权行为法产生的诉讼仍是大多民事诉讼案件的主要来源，其中基于交通事故产生的损害赔偿案件居于首位。
Tort Law侵权法英文版
侵权责任法Tort Liability Law第一章一般规定General Provisions第一条为保护民事主体的合法权益，明确侵权责任，预防并制裁侵权行为，促进社会和谐稳定，制定本法。
In order to protect the legitimate rights and interests of civil subjects, clarify the tort lability, prevent and punishtortious conduct, and promote the social harmony and stability, this Law is formulated.第二条侵害民事权益，应当依照本法承担侵权责任。
本法所称民事权益，包括生命权、健康权、姓名权、名誉权、荣誉权、肖像权、隐私权、婚姻自主权、监护权、所有权、用益物权、担保物权、著作权、专利权、商标专用权、发现权、股权、继承权等人身、财产权益。
Those who infringe upon civil rights and interests shall be subject to the tort liability according to this Law.“Civil rights and interests” in this Law include the right to life, right to health, right to name, right to reputation, right to honor, right to portrait, right of privacy, marital autonomy, guardianship, ownership, usufruct, security interest, copyright, patent right, exclusive right to use a trademark, right to discover, equities, right of succession, and other personal and property rights and interests.第三条被侵权人有权请求侵权人承担侵权责任。
法律英语专题：侵权法(tort law)
torts against tቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱe person
assault battery false imprisonment intentional infliction of emotional distress
.
General
property torts
trespass to land trespass to chattels (personal property) conversion
Statutes have been passed in attempts to ‘reform’ the tort system.
.
General
Most of them have related to procedural matters and amounts and categories of damages.
With the tort of assault, a perceived threat by the victim is paramount.
.
Assault
＊A defendant who throws a rock at a sleeping victim and misses can only be guilty of the attempted battery assault, since the victim would not be aware of the possible harm.
US tort law
Tort law in the U. S. is largely common law.
Courts have the power to shape and change the elements of claims and defenses of existing torts and the power to create new torts.
美国侵权法中英文
美国侵权法(中英文)Restatement of the Law , Third , Torts by The American Law Institute美国法学会《侵权法第三次重述》Part One: In toduction of Torts 侵权法概述Part Two : Apportionment of Liability ( Rule Sections )第一部分：责任分担Part Three: Products Liability 产品责任Part One: In toduction of Torts 侵权法概述在美国，侵权法主要属于各州的法律范畴，而且主要由判例法组成。
侵权行为可分为故意侵权行为(intentional tort) 、过失侵权行为(negligenee or negligent tort) 和严格责任侵权行为(strict liability tort). 对侵权行为的一般救济方法是对侵权行为所造成的损害予以一定的金钱补偿，在涉及交通事故等领域的侵权赔偿已广范采用了保险赔偿的方式。
Part One: In troductio n 基本概念1. The law of tort is still the source of most civil suits in the Un ited States,with damageclaims for automobile accidents taking first place. Manycircumstances con tribute to this: (a) the plai ntiff in an America n civil suit is ordin arilyentitled to try his claim before a jury which will often--and understandably--rely more on huma n tha n on legal con siderati ons, for in sta nee whe n a child has bee n injured in an automobile accide nt or through a defective product of a largeen terprise; (b) Compe nsati on and damages in clude not only the actual loss but also the intangible damage. A plaintiff can therefore often play on the humanreactionof the jury: for instanee, what is appropriate compensation for a permanent disability such as the loss of a limb? (c) American law permits the participation of the attor ney in the pla in tiff ' s recovery (con ti ngent fee) which not un com monly amounts to 25 to 33 perce nt of the verdict. As a result of all of these factors, a tort actio n m ay be a len gthy proceedi ng, result in large expe nses, for in sta nee through hono raria for experts (which may deter the "small "plai ntiff from suing at all), and may end in the award of a very large verdict. It is no lin ger un com mon that a jury will aware a verdict in excess of $ 100,000. These con diti ons have bee n the touchst one for several reform en deavors which will be discussed in more detail below.在美国，侵权行为法产生的诉讼仍是大多民事诉讼案件的主要来源，其中基于交通事故产生的损害赔偿案件居于首位。
法律英语专题：侵权法(tort-law)
Tort Law
General
Tort
a civil wrong which unfairly causes someone else to suffer loss or harm
★It does not include breach of contract or trust. (A civil wrong can be a tort, breach of contract or breach of trust.)
Many judges utilize the Restatement of Torts (2nd) as an influential guide.
The Restatement is an influential treatise issued by the American Law Institute, which summarizes the general principles of common law United States tort law.
With the tort of assault, a perceived threat by the victim is paramount.
Assault
＊A defendant who throws a rock at a sleeping victim and misses can only be guilty of the attempted battery assault, since the victim would not be aware of the possible harm.
法律英语专题侵权法tort law
IIED
Definition
★short for intentional infliction of emotional distress
★referred to as the tort of outrage in some jurisdictions
intentional conduct that results in extreme emotional distress
A person refused to inform another of the whereabouts of that other's child for several years, though the person knew where the child was the entire time.
was riding, causing him to fall and be injured mixing something offensive in food that he knows another will eat—the other does in fact eat the offensive matter
US tort law
Tort law in the U. S. is largely common law.
Courts have the power to shape and change the elements of claims and defenses of existing torts and the power to create new torts.
Statutes have been passed in attempts to ‘reform’ the tort system.
《侵权责任法》英语
《侵权责任法》英语一、单词1. Tort [tɔːt]- 释义：侵权行为（不包括违约等行为的民事过错）。
- 用法：常与“liability”（责任）搭配使用，如“tort liability”（侵权责任）。
- 双语例句：A tort is a civil wrong for which the law provides a remedy.（侵权行为是一种民事过错，法律为此提供救济。
）2. Liability [ˌlaɪəˈbɪləti]- 释义：责任；债务；倾向。
- 用法：可用于表达法律上的各种责任，如“tort liability”（侵权责任），“limited liability”（有限责任）。
- 双语例句：Thepany denies any liability for the accident.（公司否认对事故负有任何责任。
）3. Compensation [ˌkɒmpenˈseɪʃn]- 释义：补偿；赔偿金；报酬。
- 用法：在侵权法中，常表示对受害人的赔偿，如pensation for damages”（损害赔偿）。
- 双语例句：The victim is entitled to receivepensation for his injuries.（受害人有权就其受伤获得赔偿。
）4. Damages [ˈdæmɪdʒɪz]- 释义：损害赔偿金；损害；损失。
- 用法：通常复数形式使用，如“claim damages”（要求损害赔偿）。
- 双语例句：The court awarded him substantial damages.（法院判给他巨额损害赔偿金。
）5. Negligence [ˈneɡlɪdʒəns]- 释义：疏忽；过失；粗心大意。
- 用法：是侵权责任的一个重要概念，如“negligence liability”（过失责任）。
- 双语例句：The accident was caused by his negligence.（事故是由他的疏忽造成的。
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中华人民共和国侵权责任法Tort Law of the People's Republic of China English version中文版发文日期：2009年12月26日有效范围：全国发文机关：全国人民代表大会常务委员会文号：中华人民共和国主席令第21号时效性：现行有效生效日期：2010年07月01日所属分类：侵权( 民法->侵权) Promulgation date: 12-26-2009Effective region: NATIONALPromulgator: Standing Committee of the National People's CongressDocument no: Order of the President of the People's Republic of China No. 21Effectiveness: EffectiveEffective date: 07-01-2010Category: Tort ( Civil Law->Tort )全文：Full text:中华人民共和国侵权责任法Tort Law of the People's Republic of China中华人民共和国主席令第21号Order of the President of the People's Republic of China No. 212009年12月26日December 26, 2009《中华人民共和国侵权责任法》已由中华人民共和国第十一届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第十二次会议于2009年12月26日通过，现予公布，自2010年7The Tort Law of the People's Republic of China, adopted at the 12th session of the Standing Committee of the 11th National People's Congress of the People's Republic of China on December 26, 2009, is hereby promulgated and shall come into effect on July 1, 2010.月1日起施行。
中华人民共和国主席胡锦涛President of the People's Republic of China Hu Jintao中华人民共和国侵权责任法Tort Law of the People's Republic of China（2009年12月26日第十一届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第十二次会议通过）Adopted at the 12th session of the Standing Committee of the 11th National People's Congress of the People's Republic of China on December 26, 2009目录第一章一般规定第二章责任构成和责任方式第三章不承担责任和减轻责任的情形第四章关于责任主体的特殊规定第五章产品责任第六章机动车交通事故责任第七章医疗损害责任第八章环境污染责任第九章高度危险责任第十章饲养动物损害责任第十一章物件损害责任ContentsChapter I General ProvisionsChapter II Constitutive Requirements of Liability and Methods for Assuming LiabilityChapter III Circumstances under which Liability Is Waived or MitigatedChapter IV Special Provisions on Liable PartiesChapter V Product LiabilityChapter VI Automobile Traffic Accident LiabilityChapter VII Medical Malpractice LiabilityChapter VIII Environmental Pollution LiabilityChapter IX High-Risk Operation LiabilityChapter X Liability for Damage Caused by Domesticated AnimalsChapter XI Liability for Damage Caused by Objects Chapter XII Supplementary Provisions第十二章附则第一章一般规定Chapter I General Provisions第一条为保护民事主体的合法权益，明确侵权责任，预防并制裁侵权行为，促进社会和谐稳定，制定本法。
Article 1 This Law is formulated with a view to protecting the legitimate rights and interests of civil parties, determining liability for torts, preventing and penalizing tortious acts, and promoting social harmony and stability.第二条侵害民事权益，应当依照本法承担侵权责任。
本法所称民事权益，包括生命权、健康权、姓名权、名誉权、荣誉权、肖像权、隐私权、婚姻自主权、监护权、所有权、用益物权、担保物权、著作权、专利权、商标专用权、发现权、股权、继承权等人身、财产权益。
Article 2 Whoever infringes on the civil rights and interests of others shall be liable for the tortious acts in accordance with this Law.For the purpose of this Law, "civil rights and interests" shall include personal and property rights and interests such as the right to life, the right to health, rights associated with names, reputational rights, honorary rights, the right to one's image, the right to privacy, the right to marital autonomy, the right to guardianship, ownership, usufruct, security interests, copyrights, patent rights, exclusive rights to use trademarks, discovery rights, equities, right of succession, etc.第三条被侵权人有权请求侵权人承担侵权责任。
Article 3 Parties whose rights are infringed upon shall be entitled to request the infringing parties be held liable for torts.第四条侵权人因同一行为应当承担行政责任或者刑事责任的，不影响依法承担侵权责任。
Article 4 The assumption of administrative or criminal liability by an infringing party for the same act shall not prejudice its assumption of tortious liability in accordance with the law.Where an infringing party bears tort liability,因同一行为应当承担侵权责任和行政责任、刑事责任，侵权人的财产不足以支付的，先承担侵权责任。
administrative liability and criminal liability for the same act but has insufficient assets to meet all claims made in relation thereto, it shall first assume the tortious liability.第五条其他法律对侵权责任另有特别规定的，依照其规定。
Article 5 Special provisions, if any, prescribed by other laws on tort liability shall prevail.第二章责任构成和责任方式Chapter II Constitutive Requirements of Liability and Methods for Assuming Liability第六条行为人因过错侵害他人民事权益，应当承担侵权责任。
根据法律规定推定行为人有过错，行为人不能证明自己没有过错的，应当承担侵权责任。
Article 6 Whoever is at fault in infringing upon another party's civil rights and interests shall bear tort liability. Whoever is presumed to be at fault by law and is unable to prove otherwise shall bear tort liability.第七条行为人损害他人民事权益，不论行为人有无过错，法律规定应当承担侵权责任的，依照其规定。
Article 7 Whoever infringes upon another party's civil rights and interests and shall bear tort liability by law regardless of whether it is at fault shall be subject to such provisions.第八条二人以上共同实施侵权行为，造成他人损害的，应当承担连带Article 8 Two or more parties whose joint infringement causes damage to another party shall be jointly and severally liable.责任。