牦牛生态类型的分类

第26卷第7期2006年7月

生 态 学 报AC TA ECOLOGIC A SI NICA

Vol.26,No.7Jul.,2006

牦牛生态类型的分类

钟金城1,2

,陈智华2

,赵素君3

,肖玉萍

4

(1.电子科技大学,成都 610054;2.西南民族大学生命科学与技术学院,成都 610041;3.四川省畜牧科学研究院,成都 610066;4.中国农业科学院兰州畜牧与兽药研究所,兰州 730050)

基金项目:四川省自然科学基金资助项目收稿日期:2005-10-09;修订日期:2006-05-27

作者简介:钟金城(1963~),男,云南人,博士,教授,主要从事动物遗传学研究.E -mail:zhongjincheng518@ Foundation item :The project was supported by Natural Science Foundati on of Sichuan Province Received date :2005-10-09;Accepted date :2006-05-27

B iography :Z HONG Jin -Cheng,Ph.D.,Profess or,mainly engaged i n ani mal genetics.E -mail:zhongji ncheng518@s

摘要:为进一步弄清中国牦牛的遗传资源及其类型划分,利用微卫星DNA 、随机扩增多态性(RAPD)、扩增片断长度多态性(AFLP)等3种分子遗传标记技术研究了麦洼牦牛、九龙牦牛、大通牦牛和天祝白牦牛的分类;并结合作者对牦牛染色体和血液蛋白多态性的研究结果探讨了中国牦牛类群的分类。结果:¹根据微卫星位点的等位基因频率进行聚类分析,表明麦洼牦牛和九龙牦牛的遗传距离最大(11506),麦洼牦牛2个群体之间的遗传距离最小(11062)。5个牦牛群体被聚为两大类,四川九龙牦牛单独成一大类,其他牦牛群体聚为一类。º根据RAPD 和AFLP 两种分子遗传标记的分析,表明天祝牦牛和大通牦牛的遗传距离最小(010336),九龙牦牛和天祝牦牛的遗传距离最大(010414),4个牦牛品种被聚为两大类,九龙牦牛品种聚为一类,其它3个牦牛品种聚为一类。大通牦牛和天祝白牦牛在较近的水平上首先聚为一类,然后在较远处与麦洼牦牛聚为一大类。»根据染色体特征和血液蛋白位点的基因频率进行聚类的结果与微卫星DNA 、RAPD 、AFLP 的聚类结果相似。中国牦牛可分为以九龙牦牛和麦洼牦牛为代表的两个类群(型)。这与蔡立等将中国牦牛分为/青藏高原型0和/横断高山型0的结果是一致的。而与其他学者的分类结果有较大的差异。结合中国牦牛品种(群体)的地理分布、生态条件、育成史及其分化的实际情况,作者认为中国牦牛分为两个大的生态类型是合理的。关键词:牦牛;生态类型;分类

文章编号:1000-0933(2006)07-2068-05 中图分类号:Q958 文献标识码:A

Classification of ecological types of the Chinese yak

ZHONG Jin -Cheng 1,2

,C HEN Zh-i Hua 2

,ZHAO Su -Jun 3

,XIAO Yu -Ping 4

(1.U nive rsity o f Elect ronic Sc ienc e and Te chnolo gy o f China ,

Chengdu 610054,China ;2.Colle ge o f Li fe Science &Technology ,Southwe st U niversity for Nationalities ,Chengdu ,610041,China ; 3.Sic huan Academy o f Animal Scie nce ,Chengdu ,610066,China ; nzhou Institue o f Animal and Vete rinary Pharmac eutics Sc ie nce s Chine se Ac ademy o f Agricultural Scie nce s ,L anzhou ,730050,China ).Acta Ecologica Sinica ,2006,26(7):2068~2072.

Abstract :To investigate the ge netic resources and to clarify the classification sta tus of the Chinese yak,the Mai wa,Jiulong,Da tong a nd Tianzhu White yak were intensively studied using microsa telli te DNA,R APD and AFLP D NA markers on the basis of our previous work on the chromosomes and blood protein polymorphisms.The overall results showed that:(1)the gene t ic distance based on allelic frequencie s at microsa telli te loci between the Maiwa and Jiulong yak was the largest (11506)and as expec ted that two popula t ions of the Mai wa yak had the smallest gene tic distance (11062).The four yak breeds were clustered into two groups,the Jiulong yak alone in a group and the rest of three breeds in another;(2)the genetic distance between the Datong and Tianzhu White yak was the smallest (010336)while it was the largest be tween the Jiulong and Mai wa yak (010414)based on the data from RAPD and RFLP analysis.The four yak breeds a gain clustered into two groups with the Datong and T ianzhu White yak grouped togethe r first followed by the Mai wa yak;(3)the chro moso me and blood protein polymorphisms analysis arrived to a si milar pattern of breed relationship.The refore it was c oncluded that the Chinese yak c an be conside red as two types with the Jiulong and Mai wa yak as their repre sentative s,re spec t ively.This conclusion is in c oncordance wi th the proposal by later professor Cai Li and his