美国农业发展英语

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美国农业发展英语阅读理解

美国农业发展英语阅读理解During the second half of the nineteenth century, the production of food and feed crops in the United States rose at an extraordinarily rapid rate. Corn production increased by four and a half times, hay by five times, oats and wheat by seven times. The most crucial factor behind this phenomenal upsurge in productivity was the widespread adoption of labor-saving machinery by northern farmers. By 1850 horse-drawn reaping machines that cut grain were being introduced into the major grain-growing regions of the country. Horse-powered threshing machines to separate the seeds from the plants were already in general use. However, it was the onset of the Civil War in 1861 that provided the great stimulus for the mechanization of northern agriculture.With much of the labor force inducted into the army and with grain prices on the rise, northern farmers rushed to avail themselves of the new labor-saving equipment. In 1860 there were approximately 80,000 reapers in the country; five years later there were 350,000.After the close of the war in 1865, machinery became ever more important in northern agriculture, and improved equipment was continually introduced. By 1880 a self-binding reaper hadbeen perfected that not only cut the grain, but also gathered the stalks and bound them with twine. Threshing machines were also being improved and enlarged, and after 1870 they were increasingly powered by steam engines rather than by horses. Since steam-powered threshing machines were costly items —running from $ 1,000 to $4,000 — they were usually owned by custom thresher owners who then worked their way from farm to farm during the harvest season. "Combines" were also coming into use on the great wheat ranches in California and the Pacific Northwest. These ponderous machines — sometimes pulled by as many as 40 horses — reaped the grain, threshed it, and bagged it, all in one simultaneous operation.1. What aspect of farming in the United States in the nineteenth century does the passage mainly discuss?(A) How labor-saving machinery increased crop Production(B) Why southern farms were not as successful as Successful as northern farms(C) Farming practices before the Civil War(D) The increase in the number of people farming2. The word "crucial" in line 4 is closest in meaning to(A) obvious(B) unbelievable(C) important(D) desirable3. The phrase "avail themselves" in line 11 is closest in meaning to(A) take care(B) make use(C) get rid(D) do more4.According to the passage , why was the Civil War a stimulus for mechanization?(A) The army needed more grain in order to feed the soldiers.(B) Technology developed for the war could also the used by farmers.(C) It was hoped that harvesting more grain would lower the price of grain.(D) Machines were needed to replace a disappearing labor force.答案ACBD。

高一英语下册必修三知识点解析：Modernagriculture

【导语】让我们共同努⼒，培养良好的学习习惯，胸怀梦想，珍惜时间，发奋学习，⽴志成才，让青春载着梦想飞扬！这篇关于《⾼⼀英语下册必修三知识点解析：Modern agriculture》是⾼⼀频道为你准备的，希望你喜欢！⼀、课⽂背景知识在社会发展进程中，农业经历了原始农业( primitive agriculture )、传统农业( traditional agriculture )和现代农业( modern agriculture )三个发展阶段。

19世纪40年代到20世纪初，是全世界传统农业向现代农业的过渡时期;⽽从20世纪初期到50年代，是现代农业的确⽴时期。

现代农业有四个重⼤特点：⼀是⽣物科学的发展和杂交优势理论的应⽤使⼈类能够通过育种⼿段，选择和要培育出品类繁多、⾼产优质的农作物和禽新品种，摆脱了对天然品种的依赖。

⼆是化学肥料和农药的发明和⽣产，建⽴了农⽤化学⼯业，提供了农作物所需养分和减轻了病⾍草的危害。

三是蒸⽓机的发明，促进了机械化和半机械化农具的⼴泛应⽤，以现代⼯业技术和设备武装农业，实⾏区域布局、专业化⽣产，集约化经营，显著提⾼劳动⽣产率和⼟地利⽤率。

四是这四⼤类技术的交织和综合，为农业⽣产开创了⼀个新纪元，使农作物和蓄禽产品⼤幅度增长。

⼤约在200年间，农民基本上采⽤传统耕耘⽅式，农作物产量很低，差不多每100个农民⼀年的⾟勤劳作进能养活两个居民;现在⼀个⾼效率的农民⼀年劳作可以⽣产6万~10万千克粮⾷，3000~4000千克⾁⾷，⾜可以养活200~300个居民。

过去⼀个农民⽣产100千克粮⾷需要1-2天的劳动，⽽现在只需要⼏秒钟就⾜够了。

现代农业的核⼼是科学化，特征是商品化，⽅向是集约化，⽬标是产业化。

现代农业是与⽣态农业( eco-agriculture )，旅游观光农业( sight-seeing agriculture )，绿⾊⾷品(green food )，⽆公害蔬菜( healthy vegetables )，以及可持续发展( sustainable development )息息相关的。

美国北部农场种植玉米的英语文章

美国北部农场种植玉米的英语文章Corn Farming in Northern United StatesCorn farming is an essential part of the agriculturalindustry in the northern United States. With vast stretches of fertile land and a favorable climate, this region is known forits high-quality corn production. Farmers in states like Iowa, Nebraska, Illinois, and Minnesota dedicate large portions oftheir land to growing this staple crop. In this article, we will e某plore the process of corn farming in the northern United States and its significance for the economy and food supply.Before planting, farmers carefully select the corn hybrids they will cultivate. These hybrids have been bred to possess specific traits such as disease resistance, high yield potential, and adaptation to local climates. Planting typically takes place in late spring when soil temperatures are optimal for germination. Modern machinery, such as planters equipped with GPS technology, ensure precise seed placement and row spacing, resulting in more efficient and uniform growth.Corn farming in the northern United States not only contributes significantly to the nation's food supply but also plays a vital role in its economy. Corn is a versatile crop used for human consumption, animal feed, and fuel production, such as ethanol. The industry provides employment opportunities for numerous farmers, farm workers, equipment manufacturers, andrelated industries. Additionally, corn production supports a massive infrastructure of transportation, storage, and processing facilities.In conclusion, corn farming in the northern United States is a well-established and economically important agricultural activity. Through careful planning, diligent cultivation, and modern farming techniques, farmers in this region consistently produce high-quality corn that contributes to both food security and economic prosperity.。

美国植物农业总结汇报英文

美国植物农业总结汇报英文Agriculture in the United States has a rich history, with plant agriculture playing a crucial role in the country's economy and food production. This report aims to provide a summary of the current state of plant agriculture in the United States, highlighting its significance, challenges faced, and future prospects.1. Importance of Plant AgriculturePlant agriculture is a cornerstone of the American economy, contributing significantly to GDP and employment. The United States is a major producer and exporter of various crops, including corn, soybeans, wheat, and cotton. Agriculture also provides essential raw materials for the food and beverage, textile, and pharmaceutical industries.2. Major CropsCorn is the most extensively grown crop in the United States, with millions of acres dedicated to its cultivation. Besides serving as a staple food, corn is also used in various industrial processes, including ethanol production and livestock feed. Soybeans are another major crop, with the United States being the world's largest exporter. Wheat, cotton, and rice are also significant commodities produced in the country.3. Technological AdvancementsThe United States has been at the forefront of agricultural innovation, consistently adopting new technologies to increase productivity and efficiency. The introduction of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) has revolutionized plant agriculture, enhancing crop yields while reducing the use of pesticides andherbicides. Precision agriculture, incorporating satellite imagery, GPS systems, and data analytics, has also gained prominence, allowing farmers to make informed decisions related to planting, irrigation, and fertilization.4. Sustainable AgricultureWhile technological advancements have improved agricultural practices, sustainability remains a significant concern. The excessive use of chemical fertilizers, pesticides, and water resources has led to environmental degradation, soil erosion, and water pollution. The government and various organizations are promoting sustainable practices, such as crop rotation, integrated pest management, and conservation tillage, to mitigate these issues.5. Climate Change and ResilienceClimate change poses additional challenges to plant agriculture. Rising temperatures, unpredictable weather patterns, and increased frequency of extreme weather events directly impact crop growth and yield. Farmers are adopting adaptive practices, such as changing planting dates, utilizing drought-resistant crop varieties, and implementing irrigation management techniques, to build resilience against climate change.6. Challenges and OpportunitiesPlant agriculture in the United States faces several challenges, including increasing international competition, fluctuating commodity prices, and the aging farming population. Access to capital, land, and labor also remains a concern for many farmers. However, these challenges also present opportunities for innovation, diversification, and market expansion. The demand fororganic and locally produced food is growing, providing a niche market for small-scale farmers.7. Future ProspectsThe future of plant agriculture in the United States lies in sustainable, technology-driven practices that embrace environmental stewardship. Increasing research and development investments in crop science, genetics, and farming techniques are essential to address emerging challenges and ensure food security. Additionally, supporting young farmers, fostering agricultural education, and promoting efficient trade policies can strengthen the resilience and competitiveness of the sector.In conclusion, plant agriculture plays a crucial role in the United States, driving economic growth, providing essential commodities, and ensuring food security. The sector faces various challenges, such as sustainability, climate change, and market dynamics, but also presents abundant opportunities for innovation and growth. By embracing sustainable practices, investing in research and development, and supporting the farming community, the United States can continue to thrive in the field of plant agriculture.。

农业英语词汇大全了解农业科技的发展

农业英语词汇大全了解农业科技的发展农业是人类社会最基本的产业之一，而随着科技的发展，农业也得到了很大的改进和提升。

了解农业科技的发展对于农业从业人员和农业爱好者来说都是十分重要的。

本文将介绍一些与农业相关的英语词汇，帮助读者更好地了解农业科技的发展。

一、农业机械化技术（Agricultural Mechanization Technology）1. 拖拉机（Tractor）- 农业机械化的核心设备之一，用于耕种、收割、运输等。

2. 播种机（Seeder）- 用于将种子均匀地撒在土地上。

3. 收割机（Harvester）- 用于收割农作物，如小麦、玉米等。

二、农业生产与管理（Agricultural Production and Management）1. 灌溉系统（Irrigation System）- 用于给农田进行定量的供水，提高农作物的产量和质量。

2. 施肥（Fertilization）- 给土壤中的植物提供营养以促进其生长。

3. 病虫害防治（Pest and Disease Control）- 采用合理的方法预防和控制病虫害对作物的损害。

三、农产品加工与贮藏（Agricultural Product Processing and Storage）1. 食品加工（Food Processing）- 对农产品进行加工，如面粉加工、果汁加工等。

2. 冷藏技术（Refrigeration Technology）- 用于保持农产品的新鲜度和延长其贮藏期限。

3. 真空包装（Vacuum Packaging）- 通过排除包装中的空气，减少细菌和氧气对食品的影响。

四、农业环境与资源保护（Agricultural Environmental and Resource Protection）1. 土壤保持（Soil Conservation）- 采取措施保护和改善土壤的质量，减少土壤侵蚀。

2. 水资源保护（Water Resource Protection）- 合理利用水资源，防止水污染和水体退化。

美国农业合作社与农业产业化外文文献翻译中英文

美国农业合作社与农业产业化外文文献翻译中英文最新（节选重点翻译）英文Managing uncertainty and expectations: The strategic response of U.S.agricultural cooperatives to agricultural industrializationJulie HogelandAbstractThe 20th century industrialization of agriculture confronted U.S. agricultural cooperatives with responding to an event they neither initiated nor drove. Agrarian-influenced cooperatives used two metaphors, “serfdom” and “cooperatives are like a family” to manage uncertainty and influence producer expectations by predicting industrialization's eventual outcome and cooperatives’ producer driven compensation.The serfdom metaphor alluded to industrialization's potential to either bypass family farmers, the cornerstone of the economy according to agrarian ideology, or to transform them into the equivalent of piece-wage labor as contract growers. The “family” metaphor reflects how cooperatives personalized the connection between cooperative and farmer-member to position themselves as the exact opposite of serfdom. Hypotheses advanced by Roessl (2005) and Goel (2013) suggest that intrinsic characteristics of family businesses such as a resistance to change and operating according to a myth of unlimited choice andindependence reinforced the risk of institutional lock-in posed by agrarian ideology.To determine whether lock-in occurred, Woerdman's (2004) neo-institutional model of lock-in was examined in the context of late 20th century cooperative grain and livestock marketing. Increasingly ineffective open markets prompted three regional cooperatives to develop their own models of industrialized pork production. Direct experience with producer contracting allowed cooperatives to evade institutional and ideological lock-in.Keywords：Cooperatives，Agricultural industrialization，Agrarianism，Expectations，Family business，Family farming，Metaphors，Lock-inIntroductionRecent fluctuation in global financial markets led a panel of cooperative leaders to identify uncertainty as the primary managerial difficulty anticipated by cooperatives in the future (Boland, Hogeland, & McKee, 2011). Likewise, the 20th century industrialization of agriculture confronted cooperatives with the challenge of responding to an event they neither initiated nor drove. When the environment is highly uncertain and unpredictable, Oliver predicts that organizations will increase their efforts to establish the illusion or reality of control and stability over future organizational outcomes (Oliver, 1991: 170). This study argues thatcooperatives used two metaphors, “serfdom” and “cooperatives are like a family” to manage uncertainty by predicting industrialization's eventual outcome and cooperatives’ producer-driven compensation.These metaphors are agrarian. Recent research highlights the impact of agrarian ideology on cooperatives. Foreman and Whetten (2002: 623)observe, “co-ops have historically sought to reinforce the traditions and values of agrarianism through education and social interventions. Indeed, for many members these normative goals of a co-op have been preeminent.” These authors studied the tension within rural cooperatives produced by a normative system encompassing family and ideology and a utilitarian system defined by economic rationality, profit maximization and self-interest. They argue that this split in values implies that cooperatives are essentially two different organizations trying to be one. To capture the tension between these multiple identities, they focused on a potential family/business divide in cooperatives, basing this on a duality often noted in cooperative community and trade publications.The authors found that respondents wanted their local co-op to be more business oriented and at the same time, expected co-ops ideally (e.g., as an ideal organizational form) to be more family focused. These conflicting expectations suggested that multiple-identity organizations need to be assessed in terms of the individual components of their identity and the tension (or interaction) between them. Foreman and Whettenregard dual or multiple identity organizations as hybrids. There are consequences to hybridity: many members of a hybrid organization will identify with both aspects of its dual identity, “and thus find themselves embracing competing goals and concerns associated with distinctly different identity elements” (Foreman and Whetten, 2002). They conclude that competing goals and concerns foster competing expectations with consequences for organizational commitment (and I would add, performance).The split focus observed by Foreman and Whetten can be regarded as a contemporary expression of a value conflict beginning early in the 20th century over how production agriculture should be organized. Decentralized, autonomous, and typically small, family farmers used their skill at deciding the “what, when, where, how and why” of production and marketing to reduce the risk of being a price taker at open, competitive markets. Farmers also diversified the farm enterprise to spread price risk over several commodities. Corporate-led industrialized agriculture (integrators) by-passed both markets and independent farmers. Integrators coordinated supply and demand internally based on top-down administrative control over production and marketing decisions. They engaged in production contracting with growers who were held to competitive performance standards and paid according to their productivity. In contrast, family farmers were accountable only tothemselves.Study overviewFoss (2007) observes that the beliefs organizations hold about each other or the competitive environment are a key aspect of strategic management which have been understudied. Beliefs, which include norms and expectations, are important because they can be wrong. Cooperatives are often considered to have an ideological component but how such ideology develops and persists also has been understudied. This study addresses that gap by examining how agrarian language and assumptions shaped cooperatives’ reaction to 20th century agricultural industrialization. During this era, industrial methods transformed the production and marketing of processing vegetables, poultry, beef, and pork and were initiated for dairy and grains. An historical and institutional perspective is used to examine how two contrasting metaphors brought cooperatives to the brink of institutional lock-in. The study spans the entire 20th century from beginning to close.The study opens with a brief discussion of metaphors and norms then presents a theoretical model of lock-in. Discussion of the overarching role of agrarianism follows. Discussion then addresses why the cooperative alternative to corporate-led industrialization –the 1922 model developed by Aaron Sapiro –was not palatable to agrarian-influenced cooperatives (this section also definesagrarian-influenced cooperatives).Discussion then turns to considering how the disturbing implications of serfdom paved the way for the agrarian-influenced norm, “cooperatives as a competitive yardstick” and the cooperative metaphorical n orm, “cooperatives are like a family.” Producer expectations triggered by “serfdom” and “cooperatives are like a family” are addressed. Parallels are briefly drawn between neighborhood exchange in late 19th century rural California and behavior implied in “cooperatives are like a family.” Parallels are then drawn between family business traits and cooperative and producer experience in livestock and identity-preserved grain markets. This provides a foundation for examining in greater detail how well cooperative experience in pork and grains corresponded to Woerdman's four part model of lock-in (2004). Study conclusions and suggestions for future research follow.Importance of ideology, metaphor and normsEconomists have begun studying how cognition and discourse affect cooperative outcomes (Fulton, 1999). This study continues that line of inquiry by considering how a dominant ideology like agrarianism produced words and associations that, for most of the 20th century, arguably had a deterministic effect on farmer and cooperative perceptions of the future. Even today, few guidelines or predictions exist that suggest how organizations can manage ideological conflict (Greenwood, Raynard,Kodeih, Micelotta, & Lounsbury, 2011). Moreover, the difficulties of escaping a hegemonic ideology have seldom been recognized (Spencer, 1994).Metaphors are a pithy word or expression meant to evoke a comparison. They are used to understand one thing in terms of another (Lakoff & Johnson, 1980: 5). Understanding what metaphors represent and how they emerge and persist can offer a window into the salient factors influencing farmer and cooperative decision-making. Moreover, as in this text, metaphors “allow for the sorts of story in which overwhelming evidence in favor of one interpretation of the world can be repeatedly ignored, even though this puts the assets of the firm and the position of the decision-makers at extraordinary risk” (Schoenberger, 1997: 136).Much of what Pfeffer and Salancik (2003) say about norms also applies to how metaphors are used in this study. For example, these authors observe that an important function of norms is to provide predictability in social relationships so that each party can rely on the assurances provided by the other. Consequently, norms stress the meeting of expectations in an exchange relationship. Certainly, the metaphor, cooperatives are like a family, can be understood in the same manner. Defining norms as commonly or widely shared sets of behavioral expectations, Pfeffer et al. also indicate that norms develop underconditions of social uncertainty to increase the predictability of relationships for the mutual advantage of those involved. Once they cease to serve those interests norms break down.California's early industrializationIt seems reasonable to assume that agrarianism's belief in the pivotal importance of agriculture was shared to some degree by all U.S. cooperatives. However, unique features of California's agriculture, particularly in the Central Valley, predisposed it to industrialize some decades earlier than the Midwest, Great Plains, and Northeast (McClelland, 1997). The latter continued to rely on patriarchal family farm labor and so, for this paper, are assumed to represent the core domain of agrarian-influenced cooperatives. These areas lacked access to the supply of excess ethnic or minority labor which McClelland indicates prepared California for industrialization by 1910. Added to this advantage was California's legacy of estate or hacienda production which boosted cultural familiarity and acceptance of large scale production (Hogeland, 2010).In 1922, California attorney and cooperative organizer Aaron Sapiro combined elements of California experience into a model of cooperative organization and marketing popularly kno wn as “orderly marketing.” Sapiro began by extolling industrialization: “The factory system is recognized as the key to all forms of productive industries to-day all overthe world-except in agriculture… The farmer is the only part of modern industry… in which you have individual production” (Sapiro, 1993: 81).In general, Sapiro offered a cooperative alternative to producers’ tendency to dump excess supply from bumper harvests on the market. Instead, cooperatives should provide a home for the growers’ prod uct and use accumulated inventory to develop new products to stimulate consumer demand. Investing in processing or preservation technologies –canning, refrigeration and drying –would allow cooperatives to release excess production to the market in a prog ressive “orderly” manner.For example, by 1925 Sunkist growers had increased fruit utilization by transforming oranges from a single hand-held breakfast fruit to a glass of juice made from multiple oranges. The Sunkist extractor was specifically designed to use off-size fruit and wind-damaged fruit that would not sell as fancy Sunkist table fruit because all produced the same quality juice (Nourse, 1925). In 1922, Sun Maid scored a consumer success by packaging raisins in convenient snack-sized boxes called “Little Sun Maids” (Gary Marshburn, telephone conversation, July 24, 2008; Cotterill, 1984).The far-sighted orderly marketing norm anticipated the values of industrialized agriculture, urging cooperatives to guarantee supply through marketing contracts with some 85–95 percent of producer-members (Sapiro's recommended target). This commitmentcould propel the cooperative into being sole supplier of a particular specialty crop. (Such specialization was facilitated by California's geographically compact micro-climates).Sapiro's model provided a template for important 20th century specialty crop cooperatives outside of California, notably, Ocean Spray Cooperative (cranberries) and Welch's (Concord grapes). However, Sapiro's model represented a highly specialized, marketing-intensive cooperative that was conceptually and financially out of reach of the small family farmers in the Midwest, Great Plains, and the Northeast who produced fungible commodities like milk, meat and grains.6Cooperative philosopher and economist Edwin Nourse commented on cooperatives performing agricultural rationing such as orderly marketing:To be sure, a few cooperatives which stand in a class by themselves have already attained a degree of success comparable with the best achievements in industrial lines. But these are in comparatively small branches of specialized agriculture where economic organization was already on a high level. Before anything like the same result could be achieved in the great staple lines of production, where the demand for [price] stabilization is most acute, there would have to be a fair degree of concentration of executive responsibility in their operating organization (Nourse, 1930: 132).Serfdom's implicationsDuring the 1920s and 1930s –considered a “golden age” of agriculture – collective action surged. Rudimentary markets and chaotic distribution channels for basic commodities like milk, grain, and fruit provided new opportunities for cooperative marketing. Moreover, new antitrust legislation curbed many of the horizontally-integrated “trusts” dominating 19th century meat packing, oil, railroads and grain markets.Nevertheless, as early as 1922, Nourse saw emerging within agriculture market power so centralized and hierarchical it seemed feudal (Nourse, 1922: 589). Subsequently, the metaphor of “serfdom” was used throughout the 20th century by agrarian-influenced cooperatives to suggest how industrialization's contract production could reduce entrepreneurial and independent farmers to the equivalent of hired hands – so-called “piece wage labor.”In 1900, most counties could point to someone who started as a tenant or laborer and through hard work, luck, sharp dealing or intelligent cultivation, retired as a landlord owing several farms (Danbom, 1979: 7). In 1917, Ely introduced the concept of the ‘agricultural ladder’ as a model of occupational progression to farm ownership. The ladder showed how the agrarian virtue of hard work could allow a landless, unpaid family laborer to progress from being a hired hand and tenant farmer to an independent owner-operator (Kloppenburg & Geisler, 1985). Yet, the serfdom metaphor suggested just how tenuous such occupationalprogression could be.Late 19th century farmers formed cooperatives in response to market exploitation or failure. Although such exploitation affected farmer costs and returns, as a rule it did not impinge on farmers’ understanding of themselves as entrepreneurial and independent. Agrarian ideology lauded family farmers for taking on the risks of farming with a frontier attitude of self-reliance. Such farmers answered to no one except themselves. The small farmer was “first of all a self-directing individualist who could be counted on to resist with vigor the encroachments of outside authority” (Robinson, 1953: 69).Industrialized agriculture brought a new institutional logic to agriculture by putting efficiency and profitability first and using vertical integration to bypass farmers’ decision-making power over agriculture. Industrialization was market driven, seeking growth in identifying and satisfying consumer preferences. Research has indicated that the norms and prescriptions dictated by family logics are often at odds with the prescriptions dictated by markets (Greenwood et al., 2011).Power, reflected in ownership and governance arrangements, determines which logics will more easily flow into organizations and be well received (Greenwood et al., 2011). Family logics formally embedded into an organization's ownership structure are a very effective conduit for increasing familial influences within the organization. Not surprisingly,farmer-owned cooperatives believed they had a mandate to protect and foster family farming (Hogeland, 2006).中文管理不确定性和期望：美国农业合作社与农业产业化朱莉·霍格兰摘要20世纪的农业产业化使美国农业合作社面对很大的不确定性。

美国农业发展现状及未来趋势分析英文版

美国农业发展现状及未来趋势分析英文版The Current State and Future Trends of Agricultural Development in the United StatesIntroductionAgriculture plays a critical role in the United States' economy, food security, and environmental sustainability. This article aims to provide an analysis of the current status of agricultural development in the United States and predict future trends that could shape the industry.Current State of Agricultural Development1. Technological AdvancementsThe United States has been at the forefront of agricultural innovation, leveraging advanced technology to boost productivity and efficiency. Precision agriculture, for example, utilizes satellite imagery, GPS, and sensors to optimize inputs such as water, fertilizers, and pesticides, resulting in higher yields and reduced environmental impact.2. Sustainability and Conservation EffortsWith growing concerns over climate change and environmental degradation, the agricultural sector in the United States has witnessed an increasing emphasis on sustainability practices. Farmers are adopting conservation measures, including crop rotation, cover cropping, and integrated pest management, to improve soil health, water quality, and biodiversity.3. Organic FarmingConsumer demand for organic food has skyrocketed in recent years, prompting more farmers to adopt organic farming practices. Organic agriculture emphasizes natural inputs, biodiversity, and environmentally friendly pest management techniques. In response tothis trend, the United States has witnessed a significant increase in the number of certified organic farms.4. Trade and Global MarketsThe United States is recognized as a major exporter of agricultural products, ranging from grains and meat to fruits and vegetables. Increased global demand for American agricultural products has driven expansion and specialization in certain sectors. Trade relationships, such as the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) and the recently negotiated United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA), have facilitated agricultural exports to neighboring countries.Future Trends in Agricultural Development1. Climate Change AdaptationClimate change poses significant challenges to the agricultural sector, including droughts, extreme weather events, and shifting growing seasons. In response, the United States will likely see increased investments in research and development for climate-resilient crop varieties, precision irrigation techniques, and sustainable agronomic practices to mitigate the impact of climate change.2. Digital AgricultureThe convergence of agriculture and digital technology, often referred to as "agtech" or "digital agriculture," is expected to reshape the farming landscape. Artificial intelligence, big data analytics, and robotic automation can revolutionize planting, monitoring, and harvesting processes. These technologies have the potential to enhance productivity, reduce labor needs, and optimize resource usage.3. Vertical Farming and Controlled Environment AgricultureAs urbanization continues, there will be a growing need for localized food production. Vertical farming and controlled environment agriculture offer opportunities to cultivate crops in urban settings using vertical stacking and controlled climateconditions. These innovative farming methods reduce the reliance on traditional arable land, conserve water, and minimize the use of pesticides and fertilizers.4. Shift towards Plant-Based ProteinsChanging dietary preferences and concerns about the environmental impact of animal agriculture are driving a shift towards plant-based proteins in the global food market. The United States is likely to witness a significant increase in the production and consumption of plant-based protein alternatives, such as soy-based products and meat substitutes, creating new opportunities for farmers and food processors.ConclusionThe United States' agricultural sector is evolving to meet the challenges and opportunities of a rapidly changing world. Technological advancements, sustainability efforts, organic farming, and global trade have characterized the current state of agricultural development. Looking ahead, climate change adaptation, digital agriculture, vertical farming, and the rise of plant-based proteins are expected to shape the industry's future. As the nation strives for increased productivity, food security, and environmental sustainability, it is crucial for stakeholders to embrace innovation and collaborate for a prosperous and resilient agricultural future.。

美国农业结构英文作文

美国农业结构英文作文下载温馨提示:该文档是我店铺精心编制而成，希望大家下载以后，能够帮助大家解决实际的问题。

文档下载后可定制随意修改，请根据实际需要进行相应的调整和使用，谢谢!并且，本店铺为大家提供各种各样类型的实用资料，如教育随笔、日记赏析、句子摘抄、古诗大全、经典美文、话题作文、工作总结、词语解析、文案摘录、其他资料等等，如想了解不同资料格式和写法，敬请关注!Download tips: This document is carefully compiled by theeditor. I hope that after you download them,they can help yousolve practical problems. The document can be customized andmodified after downloading,please adjust and use it according toactual needs, thank you!In addition, our shop provides you with various types ofpractical materials,such as educational essays, diaryappreciation,sentence excerpts,ancient poems,classic articles,topic composition,work summary,word parsing,copyexcerpts,other materials and so on,want to know different data formats andwriting methods,please pay attention!Farms in the US are really big. They grow all kinds of crops.The animals raised in the US are also many. Cows, pigs, and chickens, you name it.Agriculture in the US uses a lot of technology. Big machines do most of the work.There are different regions for different types of farming. Some are for grains, some for fruits.。

翻译三级笔译实务-农业发展（Agriculture）

翻译三级笔译实务-农业发展（Agriculture）翻译三级笔译实务-农业发展(Agriculture)(总分：140.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、{{B}}Ⅰ{{/B}}(总题数：10，分数：20.00)1.Because of Canada's abundant production and relatively small population, it is a leading exporter of food products; these account for 8.6 percent of goods exported, compared with 0.5 percent for Japan, 6.2 percent for Mexico, and 8.3 percent for the United States.（分数：2.00）________________________________________________________________ __________________________ 正确答案：()解析：加拿大物产丰富，人口相对稀少，是世界主要食品出口国之一。

其出口额占货物出口额的8.6%，而日本仅占0.5%，墨西哥占6.2%，美国占8.3%。

2.He paid as much for the car insurance as he did for the car itself.（分数：2.00）________________________________________________________________ __________________________ 正确答案：()解析：他买汽车保险的钱跟他买汽车本身的钱一样多。

3.You don't want to lag behind, neither does she.（分数：2.00）________________________________________________________________ __________________________ 正确答案：()解析：你不愿意落后，她也不愿意落后。

高考英语一轮复习话题17 农业发展(Unit 2 Working the land)新人教版必修4

话题17 农业发展（Unit 2 Working the land）晨读背诵话题单词1. protection 【prəˈtekʃən】 n. 保护；防卫 2. technique 【tekˈni:k】 n. 技术；技巧3. irrigation 【ɪrɪˈɡeɪʃ(ə)n】 n. 灌溉；冲洗4. import 【ɪmˈpɔːt】 n. & v. 进口；输入5. production 【prəˈdʌkʃən】 n. 产品；总产量6. sow 【səʊ】 v. 播种；散布7. insect 【ˈɪnsekt】 n. 昆虫 8. discovery 【dɪˈskʌvərɪ】 n. 发现；被发现的事物9. practical 【ˈpræktɪk(ə)l】 adj. 实际的；实用的 10. fortunately 【ˈfɔːtʃənətlɪ】 adv. 幸运地11. typical 【ˈtɪpɪk(ə)l】 adj. 典型的 12. actually 【ˈæktʃuəlɪ】 adv. 事实上13. operate 【ˈɒpəreɪt】 v. 运转；操作 14. silence 【ˈsaɪləns】 n. 寂静；沉默15. confuse 【kənˈfjuːz】 vt. 使迷惑；混淆 16. applaud 【əˈplɔːd】 v. & n. 拍手喝彩；赞同17. direction 【dɪˈrekʃ(ə)n】n. 方向；指示 18. root 【ruːt】 n. 根19. fertilizer 【ˈfɜːtɪlaɪzə(r)】 n. 肥料 20. poison 【ˈpɒɪz(ə)n】 n. 药话题短语1. bring in 引进 2. depend on 依靠3. protect... from 保护……免受……4. make use of 利用5. make fun of 取笑；嘲笑6. drive off 赶走；开走7. date back to 追溯到…… 8. look on as 把……看作9. be on good terms with 和……关系好 10. go against 违背；违犯11. have an effect on 对……有影响 12. at the right time of the year 在适当季节13. year after year 年复一年 14. pass on 传递下去15. the first time 第一次 16. enjoy a long life 健康长寿17. in great surprise 大吃一惊 18. add to 增添19. from generation to generation 一代代 20. be different from 与……不同话题句子1. To make as much as use of the land as possible, two or more crops ale planted each year where possible. 为了充分利用土地,在有条件的地方,每年种植两季以上的庄稼｡2. Not only is food production important but also taking care of the environment. 粮食牛产固然重要,环保也很重要｡3. Much of the wisdom discovered by early Chinese scientists is still useful for farmers andgardeners. 中国古代科学家所发现的大量知识和经验,对于今人的农民和园艺工仍然有用｡4. It was from the early 1990s that scientists started to develop new techniques to increase agricultural production without harming the environment. 90年代初,科学家开始了新的技术,在不损害环境的基础上增加农业产量｡5. The temperature is controlled with computers, or kept the same, no matter how the weather is outside. 温度由电脑控制,或者保持不变,不管外面的天气如何｡6. Dr. Yuan Longping grows what is called super hybrid rice.袁隆平博士种植的是被称为“超级杂交水稻”的稻种｡7. This special strain of rice makes it possible to produce one-third more of the crop in the same fields. 这种特别的稻种使得同样的田地多收获1/3的产量｡8. Using his hybrid rices, farmers are producing harvests twice as large as before. 用他的杂交水稻种子,农民们种出比以前多一倍的粮食｡篇章模板Yuan Longping, China's Most Famous "Farmer"Yuan came up with the idea of hybridizing rice for the first time in the world in 1960s. Since then, 50 percent of China's total rice cultivation fields have grown such rice, which added some 300 billion kilograms to the country's grain output. Furrows grown on his sunburnt face, a slim figure and coiled-up trousers legs would confuse foreign reporters who came to interview the most famous scientist in Ch ina, who would rather be called “a farmer”. Indeed, like many Chinese farmers, Yuan in his 70s and has devoted most of his life to growing rice in paddy fields, but unlike those farmers, he reaps the seed from experimental fields only for hybridizing rice.汉语大意：袁隆平，中国的最著名的“农民”二十世纪六十年代，袁首次提出超级水稻的想法。

高考英语阅读理解外刊精读(02)讲义

Indian electioneering：Grainy season印度选举：谷物粮食季01文章脉络【1】莫迪总理宣布会继续为贫民提供每月5公斤免费粮【2】为贫民提供粮食补助是政府的法定责任【3】莫迪总理的这项计划始于2020年3月【4】莫迪政府的补充计划主要是为选举考量【5】莫迪此举在政治之外并不会有太大的影响【6】有人更倾向于用现金转移支付来帮助贫民02背景知识印度大米出口禁令：印度是世界头号大米出口国，大米是其出口创汇的优势农产品，为何突然自断贸易渠道？不寻常的行为背后，实则有着深刻的地缘冲突、极端气候和政治考量背景。

第一，全球地缘政治冲突加剧。

俄乌冲突升级导致全球粮食贸易通道受阻，需求和价格双升，尤其是黑海粮食出口协议的中断，进一步加剧了全球各国对粮食危机的恐慌。

第二，极端气候引发水稻主产国稻谷减产预期。

2022年，全球第四大大米出口国巴基斯坦发生严重洪涝灾害，稻谷减产31%。

今年以来，受厄尔尼诺现象影响，东南亚和南亚多国相继遭遇高温干旱侵袭，对水稻产量造成不利影响。

美国农业部（USDA）最新预测，2023/2024年度印度大米产量为1.34亿吨，比上年减产200万吨。

第三，印度亟需平抑国内粮食价格。

今年印度雨季推迟，水稻减产预期加剧，导致印度国内粮食短缺恐慌情绪蔓延。

印度政府数据显示，印度大米零售价格去年上涨11.5%，今年6月更是一个月内上涨3%。

为平抑国内粮食价格，印度颁布大米出口禁令，优先保障国内市场供应。

03原文反馈Indian electioneering：Grainy seasonNarendra Modi and the art of claiming credit词汇：Creditn.（借钱偿还的）信誉，信用/（从银行借的）借款；贷款/（大学，以及美国中小学的）学习单元；学分真题链接①During my second year at the city college, I was told that the education department was offeringa "free" course, called thinking chess, for three credits.在城市学院的第二年，有人告诉我，教育部门开设了一门“免费”课程，名为“思考国际象棋”，有三个学分。

美国农业发展英语

equipment, food-processing industries, grocery chains---精品a---nd many other business.
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Many big farms hire temporary workers only for a specific chore—such as picking crops. Many of these seasonal workers travel from farm to farm, staying only until the crops are picked. They are known as migrant workers.
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Thank you !
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American Agriculture
Wendy
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American Agricultural belt distribution
fruit vegetables
Dairy belt
Corn
Cotton
---精Basic needs
Foundation of American economic life
A bound of continuity between present and past
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Agriculture
It includes farmer cooperatives, rural banks, shippers of farm products, commodity dealers, firms that manufacture farm
Darkness:

对未来农业发展趋势的展望英语作文

对未来农业发展趋势的展望英语作文The agriculture sector has always played a critical role in meeting the growing demands of a rapidly expanding global population. As we continue to face increasing challenges such as climate change, resource scarcity, and the need for sustainable farming practices, it is essential to look ahead and envision the future trends that will shape the agricultural industry.One of the key trends that we can expect to see in the future of agriculture is the adoption of advanced technologies. From precision farming techniques to the use of drones and robots in crop monitoring and management, technology will continue to revolutionize how we grow and harvest our food. For example, the use of sensors and data analytics can help farmers make more informed decisions about irrigation, fertilization, and pest control, leading to higher yields and reduced environmental impact.Another important trend in the future of agriculture is the emphasis on sustainability and environmental stewardship. With increasing concerns about climate change and the depletion of natural resources, there is a growing recognition of the need to adopt practices that protect the environment and promote long-term agricultural viability. This includes practices such asorganic farming, agroecology, and regenerative agriculture, which aim to restore and improve soil health, biodiversity, and ecosystem resilience.Additionally, the future of agriculture will also be characterized by greater focus on food security and nutrition. As the global population continues to grow, there will be increasing pressure to ensure that everyone has access to safe, nutritious, and affordable food. This will require a shift towards diversified and resilient food systems that can provide a wide range of foods to meet the diverse nutritional needs of a growing population.Furthermore, climate change will continue to be a major driver of change in the agricultural industry. As temperatures rise and weather patterns become more unpredictable, farmers will need to adapt to these changes by implementing climate-smart practices that can help build resilience to extreme weather events and mitigate the impacts of climate change on crop production.In conclusion, the future of agriculture holds both challenges and opportunities. By embracing technology, sustainability, and innovation, we can build a more resilient and sustainable agricultural sector that can meet the demands of a growingpopulation while protecting the environment and ensuring food security for all. It is up to all stakeholders – farmers, policymakers, researchers, and consumers – to work together to shape a future where agriculture can thrive in a changing world.。

美国农业英语介绍

Agriculture of the US Largest cultivated land（耕地面积最大） 20.5%of the nation is arable land ,nearly 2,000,000 km2 accounts for 13.15% of world arable area. And also 2,000,000 km2 Farmland for Preparation. In theory, the US can Feed 6,000,000,000 people 美国耕地占国土面积的 20.5%，有将近200万平方公里，占世界耕地总面积的13.15%，还有后备耕地将近200万平方公里，理论上可以养活近60亿人
SMS
android
Agriculture of the US Modernization and Mechanization（现代化和机械化）
SMS
Relying on powerful industry and developed Modern Agricultural Technology,the US has fulfilled Modernization And Mechanization of Agriculture in the early Time after world war Ⅱ. 凭借着强大的工业基础和发达的现代农业技术, 美国自打二战后就实现了农业的现代化与机械化
Service System Intertilling
LOOK
VIEW
VIEW
LOOK
Farming simulator 15
Modern forestry
Service System
LOOK

英语阅读美国的气候和农业

英语阅读美国的气候和农业Climates and Farming in AmericaKeywords: climate, North America, region, soil, fertilizationThe wide variety of climates in North America has helped spawn a complex pattern of soil regions. In general, the realm's soils also reflect the broad environmental partitioning into "humid America" and "arid America." Where annual precipitation exceeds 20 inches (50 centimeters),soils in humid areas tend to be acidic in chemical content, since crops do best in soils that are neither acidic(higher in acid content) nor alkaline(higher in salt content). Fertilization is necessary to achieve the desired level of neutrality between the two. Arid America's soils are typically alkaline and must be fertilized back toward neutrality by adding acidic compounds. Although many of these dryland soils, particularly in the Great Plains, are quite fertile, European settlers learned over a century ago that water is the main missing ingredient in achieving their agricultural potential. In the 1970's, certain irrigation methods were perfected and finally provided a real opportunity to expand more intensive farming west from the Central Lowland into the drier portions ofthe Great Plains. Glaciation also enhanced the rich legacy of fertile soils in the central United States, both from the deposition of mineral-rich glacial debris left by meltwater and from thick layers of fine wind-blown glacial material, called loess, in and around the middle Mississippi Valley.Natural vegetation patterns could be displayed on a map of North America, but the enormous human modification of the North American environment in modern times has all but reduced this regionalization scheme to the level of the hypothetical. Nonetheless, the humid America-arid America dichotomy is still a valid generalization: the natural vegetation of areas receiving more than 20 inches of water yearly is forest, whereas the drier climates give rise to a grassland cover. The forests of North America tent to make a broad transition by latitude. In the Canadian North, needle-leaf forests dominate, but these coniferous trees become mixed with broadleaf deciduous trees as one crosses the border into the Northeast United States. As one proceeds toward the Southeast, broadleaf vegetation becomes dominant. Arid America mostly consists of short-grass prairies or stepper. The only areas of true desert are in the Southwest.22. According to the passage, the inventors of written language in Mesopotamia were probably the(A) Babylonians(B) Subarians(C) Akkadians(D) Sumerians23. The word "subjugated" in line 4 is closest in meaning to(A) distinguished(B) segregated(C) concentrated(D) conquered24. The phrase "synonymous with " in line 5 is closest in meaning to(A) equivalent to(B) important for(C) respected in(D) familiar with25. According to the passage, by the year 3000 B.C., the Sumerians had already done all of the following EXCEPT:(A) They had abandoned the area north of the Persian Gulf.(B) They had established themselves in cities.(C) They had started to communicate through written language.(D) They had created bronze tools and weapons.26. The word "Some" in line 14 refers to(A) Archaeologists(B) Sumerians(C) years(D) clay tablets27. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage concerning the Sumerians?(A) They were descendants of the Persians.(B) They were the first people to cultivate the valley of the Tigris.(C) They were accomplished musicians.(D) They had the beginnings of an economy.28. According to the passage, when did archaeologists began to be able to understand tablets inscribed in Sumerian?(A) In the early nineteenth century(B) More than 150 years ago(C) After the 1890's(D) In the mid-eighteenth century29. According to the passage, in what way did the Sumerian language resemble ancient Greek and Latin?(A) It was invented in Mesopotamia.(B) It became well established around 3000 B.C.(C) It became a classical language.(D) It was used exclusively for business transactions.30. The word "excavating" in line 19 is closest in meaning to(A) living(B) digging(C) assembling(D) building31. According to the passage, how did archaeologists learn to read the Sumerian language?(A) By translating the work of the Subarians(B) By using their knowledge of spoken Semitic languages(C) By comparing Sumerian to other classical languages(D) By using their knowledge of Akkadian。

b005 气候变化和美国农业

Climate Change Meets American AgricultureThis is the VOA Special English Agriculture Report.A government report says climate change is already affecting American agriculture.The new report is from the Climate Change Science Program, which brings together the research efforts of thirteen federal agencies. President George Bush launched the program six years ago.Here are some of the findings by scientists:The growing season has increased by ten to fourteen days in northern parts of the United States over the last nineteen years.Much of the East and South now get more rain than a century ago. But the report says there is some evidence of increased drought conditions in the West and Southwest. Western states have less snow and ice on the mountains and earlier melting in the spring.Grain and oilseed crops are likely to develop faster with increased carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. But higher temperatures will increase the risk of crop failures.Also, horticultural crops such as tomatoes, onions and fruit are more easily affected by climate change than grains and oilseed crops.Fewer animals will die during warmers winters, but greater numbers will die during hotter summers. And temperature extremes reduce animal production of meat or milk products.Forests in the West, the Southwest and Alaska already have increases in fires, insect outbreaks and dead trees. But young forests on good soil will be more productive because of increased carbon dioxide levels.At the same time, invasive plants will also grow faster and are likely to move northward. Recent research also suggests that weeds might get harder to kill with glyphosate, the most widely used plant killer in the United States.The Department of Agriculture was the lead agency for the new report. Thirty-eight scientists from universities, national laboratories,nongovernmental organizations and federal service wrote it. They considered more than one thousand scientific publications.The report was the strongest statement yet by the Bush administration that human activity is the main cause of climate change in the last fifty years. Carbon dioxide from the burning of oil, natural gas and coal is the main gas blamed for trapping heat in the atmosphere.The report says warming is very likely to continue in the United States during the next twenty-five to fifty years. And it says this is so even if future greenhouse-gas emissions are reduced.And that's the VOA Special English Agriculture Report, written by Jerilyn Watson. I'm Bob Doughty.。

硕士英语美国农业

Contemporary American Agriculture
Group four:
Problems and Challenges of the Twentieth Century （Para7---11)
• What are the problems mentioned in this part? • What are the measures to solve the problems? • How did the author organized these ideas?
What are the problems mentioned in this part?
paragraph 7: By World War I new lands for homesteading were practically unavailable.
paragraph 9: A sharp drop in farm prices.
Measures the Agricultural Adjustment Act:
Measures:
Reduce production
Loan money to farmers
Measures
A deliberate scarcity of farm products was planned in an effort to raise prices.
paragraph 9: A sharp drop in farm prices.
2
reasons
&
measures
Reasons
European countries began to recover from World War I

振兴家乡农业发展的英语作文

振兴家乡农业发展的英语作文Revitalizing Agricultural Development in My HometownMy hometown, a charming village nestled in the heart of a fertile plain, has always been synonymous with agriculture. However, in recent years, the agricultural sector has faced numerous challenges, from climate change to diminishing labor force. Therefore, it is crucial to revitalize agricultural development in my hometown to ensure its sustainability and prosperity.To achieve this goal, we must first invest in modern agricultural technology. This includes the introduction of advanced farming equipment, such as mechanized harvesting and irrigation systems, to improve efficiency and reduce labor requirements. Additionally, the adoption of precision farming techniques, which utilize data analytics and satellite imagery, can help farmers make informed decisions about crop management and soil health.Furthermore, we must promote sustainable agricultural practices. This means encouraging farmers to adopt environmentally friendly methods, such as organic farming and crop rotation, to protect the soil and water resources. Wecan also establish agroecology parks and farmer markets, which provide opportunities for farmers to showcase their sustainable practices and connect with consumers.Moreover, we should prioritize education and training for farmers. By providing access to agricultural extension services and workshops, farmers can learn about new techniques and best practices. Additionally, establishing partnerships with agricultural universities and research institutions can provide farmers with access to cutting-edge research and technology.Finally, we must support rural entrepreneurship and small-scale agricultural businesses. This includes providing financial assistance and incentives to farmers who want to start their own businesses, such as value-added processing or eco-tourism. By fostering a vibrant rural economy, we can attract more young people to return to their hometowns and contribute to agricultural development.In conclusion, revitalizing agricultural development in my hometown requires a comprehensive approach that involves technology, sustainability, education, and entrepreneurship. By implementing these strategies, we can ensure that ouragricultural sector remains vibrant and prosperous, contributing to the overall well-being of our community.。

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美国农业结构英文作文

翻译三级笔译实务-农业发展（Agriculture）

高考英语一轮复习 话题17 农业发展(Unit 2 Working the land)新人教版必修4

高考英语阅读理解外刊精读(02)讲义

美国农业发展 英语

对未来农业发展趋势的展望英语作文

美国农业英语介绍

英语阅读 美国的气候和农业

b005 气候变化和美国农业

硕士英语美国农业

振兴家乡农业发展的英语作文

美国农业发展英语

高考英语一轮复习话题17 农业发展(Unit 2 Working the land)新人教版必修4

美国农业发展英语

英语阅读美国的气候和农业