论托福阅读题型之肯定事实信息题

论托福阅读题型之肯定事实信息题

在托福阅读考试中,肯定事实信息题一直是比例最大的题型,但是不少同学还是在该题型上失分很多。今天我们就一起来分析一下对于这种题型的应对方法。

众所周知，事实信息题是考官根据原文的某个细节出的题，因此它的题干及正确选项在原文都无疑的会有词汇上的对应关系。我们只要能准确地找到这些对应关系，就可以很容易的得出正确答案了。

一般来说，事实信息题的做题步骤是1. 看题干信息，一定要明确题干到底要考什么，不要受到某些不重要的词的干扰，2. 用分析到的题干重要信息（即关键词）到文章中寻找对应关系（原词，同义词，词性变化），务必做到有针对性的读文章。3.找到定位位置后，仔细阅读所在句子，找出题目所考内容，到选项中选出对应关系。

我们以OG的一道题为例：

According to Darwin's theory of evolution, members of a species are forced to struggle for survival because

A. Not all individuals are skilled in finding food

B. Individuals try to defend their young against attackers

C. Many more individuals are born than can survive until the age of reproduction

D. Individuals with certain genes are more likely to reach adulthood

先分析题干，题干问的是struggle for survival 的原因，而且有Darwin这样的醒目的关键词，我们可以结合这两组词，原文如下：

Consider Darwin's theory of evolution. Darwin held that many more individuals are produced than can find food and survive into adulthood. A struggle for survival follows. Those individuals who possess characteristics that provide them with an advantage in the struggle for existence are more likely to survive and contribute their genes to the next generation.

定位到具体句子后，我们要分析，题目问的是原因，应该往前读还是往后读呢？这时要观察到follows这个词. A struggle for survival follows我们可以翻译为：为生存而进行的斗争紧随其后了。如此以来，原因的位置就应该很明确了，往前读! Darwin held that many more individuals are produced than can find food and survive into adulthood.比对选项，会发现第三个选项的意思与找到的地方完全对应，同义词包括：produced=born; until the age of reproduction = into adulthood. 因此答案为C.

再来一例：

According to paragraph 2, sculptors in the Italian Renaissance stopped using cannonballs in bronze statues of horses because

A. they began using a material that made the statues weigh less

B. they found a way to strengthen the statues internally

C. the aesthetic tastes of the public had changed over time

D. the cannonballs added too much weight to the statues

题干问sculptors stopped using cannonballs 的原因，可以先利用Italian Renaissance缩小范围，但务必要找到体现stopped这个负向含义的词，才可以解题。原文如下：

For example, in the early Italian Renaissance, bronze statues of horses with a raised foreleg usually had a cannonball under that hoof. This was done because the cannonball was needed to support the weight of the leg. In other words, the demands of the laws of physics, not the sculptor’s aes thetic intentions, placed the ball there. That this device was a necessary structural compromise is clear from the fact that the cannonball quickly disappeared when sculptors learned how to strengthen the internal structure of a statue with iron braces (iron being much stronger than bronze)

究竟stopped using cannonballs的对应关系在哪里呢？守住反向这个条件，我们最终会找到the cannonball quickly disappeared when sculptors learned how to strengthen the internal structure of a statue with iron braces。stopped 的对应词为disappeared. 如此，原因就应该是sculptors learned how to strengthen the internal structure of a statue with iron braces。比对选项，B应该为正确答案。对应关系有：learn how=find a way , strength(原词)，internal=internally。

通过上面两个例子，我们可以看出，如果对题干的分析到位，做到有针对性的读文章的话，可以事半功倍。但这种方法，对考生的同义词敏感性要求颇高，需要大家通过OG，真题多积累相关同义词替换。