论托福阅读题型之肯定事实信息题
托福阅读备考-事实信息题讲解
托福阅读备考:事实信息题讲解回顾托福阅读的所有题型,其中有2种题型占据的比例----“词汇题”和“事实信息题”,今天给大家带来了托福阅读备考之事实信息题讲解,希望能够帮助到大家,下面就和大家分享,来欣赏一下吧。
托福阅读备考之事实信息题讲解1. 提问方式:Accordingto paragraph… which of the following statements is true of / concerned with /related to X?例:According toparagraph 1, what was true of the Sahara region around 6,000 B.C.? (TPO 28 EarlySaharan Pastoralists) Accordingto paragraph… why / how / what….?例:According to paragraph 1, why is playdifficult to define? (TPO 30 Role of Playin Development)分析:通过以上两种不同提问方式可以总结出该题型有以下几个特点:1). 该题型是就某段话当中的某个细节信息(即提问方式1中的X)进行提问。
2). 该题型可以围绕该细节信息的不同方面进行提问,通过特殊疑问词which;what; why; how可以看出。
3). 由于题干中未出现infer;suggest; indicate等字样,所以该题型旨在考察文本信息的字面含义,无需考生进行文本的隐含意推理。
2. 解题步骤:Step 1: 读题干,找出定位词注意:如果是提问方式1, 那么定位词则是位于介词of/with/ to后面的信息。
如果是提问方式2, 那么定位词一般是名词,并且是非主题性的名词(当然定位词不一定只能找一个,一般可以找2到3个,因为定位词越多相对定位的位置也会越。
托福阅读事实信息题ppt课件
remained the same from dynasty to quality and the era in which they were
dynasty. ○ The use of ceramics as trade objects is better documented than
the use of ceramics as ritual objects. ○ There was little variation in quality for any type of ceramics
II.解题步骤
4
Step-1.定位 (根据关键词缩小定位区间)
Step-2.比较原文与选项 (挑选答案,若题目较难则用排除法)
II.解题步骤Step-1:定位
5
Step-1.定位:根据关键词缩小定位区间。
Psychological researchers generally According to the paragraph3, what recognize that facial expressions reflect
hand, the repression, as far as possible, of all outward signs softens our emotions." Can smiling give rise to
usual.
feelings of good will, for example, and
of ceramics in China varied from dynasty to dynasty, so they may be
○ The function of ceramics remained the same from dynasty to dynasty. ○ The use of ceramics as trade objects is better documented than the use of ceramics as ritual objects.
托福阅读如何做好事实信息题
托福阅读如何做好事实信息题托福阅读考试中了解题型是考生必须掌握的一项基本功,因为这关系到大家能否迅速地做出应对使用针对性解题思路才解答不同题型。
今天给大家带来了托福阅读如何做好事实信息题,希望能够帮助到大家,一起来学习吧。
托福阅读如何做好事实信息题托福阅读事实信息题提问方式介绍1、According to Paragraph…, which of the following is true about X?2、According to Paragraph…, how / what/ why…?3、Paragraph… / The passage supports which of the following statements aboutX?带有提问方式的题型有以下几个特点:a. 该题型属于细节类题型,并且在大部分情况下题干中会出现一个明确的细节定位词───X。
b. 该题型是对细节信息的正面提问(由题干中true / support 可知),这一点与否定事实信息题相反。
c. 该题型疑问部分一般由特殊疑问词:which / how / what / why… 引导,可以得出该题型可以就某细节信息的具体“特性、原因、方式等”进行发问。
托福阅读事实信息题解题步骤讲解第一步:读题干,划出定位词。
定位词特点:a. 在提问方式1和3当中就是X所代表的部分。
b. 在提问方式2中比较复杂,一般是寻找该句中的名词部分,多数充当句中的主语或宾语。
c. 定位词有可能是原文原词或者近义词。
例题1:According to paragraph 6, which of the following statementsabout aquifers in deserts is true? (TPO 12Water in the Desert)本题干的定位词即aquifers, 符合提问方式1。
例题2:According to paragraph 7, why would a social group use shunning?(TPO 13 Types of Social Groups)本题干的定位词即shunning, 符合提问方式2。
托福阅读事实信息题
托福阅读事实信息题
【实用版】
目录
1.托福阅读事实信息题的定义和分类
2.事实信息题的解题技巧
3.如何正确解答托福阅读事实信息题
正文
托福阅读事实信息题是一种题型,主要考察考生对于托福阅读文章中的具体信息的理解和提取能力。
该题型通常会以细节题的形式出现,要求考生根据文章中的具体内容来回答问题。
事实信息题主要分为两类:第一类是直接事实题,要求考生直接从文章中找出相关的信息;第二类是推断事实题,要求考生根据文章中的信息进行推断和推理。
对于如何正确解答托福阅读事实信息题,这里有一些解题技巧:
1.仔细阅读题干,理解问题的具体要求。
题干中通常会包含一些关键词,如“根据文章”,“根据第一段”等,这些关键词可以帮助考生定位到相关的信息源。
2.在文章中寻找答案。
事实信息题的答案通常可以在文章中找到,考生需要仔细阅读文章,找到与题干相关的信息。
3.注意选项的设置。
选项中可能会出现一些和原文无关的编造内容,或者是和题目无关的正确内容,考生需要仔细分辨,避免被迷惑。
4.确认答案的正确性。
在找到答案后,考生需要再次确认答案的正确性,确保没有遗漏或错误。
综上所述,正确解答托福阅读事实信息题需要考生具备良好的阅读理解能力和解题技巧。
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托福阅读直接事实题解题方法
托福阅读直接事实题解题方法托福阅读对应题型的方法,也是有效提高阅读分数的途径之一。
所以在具体的复习中,关于考试的题型技巧,大家也要熟练的掌握,这些也有利于我们在考试中有更好的发挥。
具体的这些解题方法是什么?下面小编为大家整理了详细的内容,供大家参考!托福阅读直接事实题方法介绍1.选项排除法直接事实题的正确选项是可以和题干共同完成一个意群表述的内容,错误选项有三种情形:一种是和原文无关的选项,这种选项可能会出现原文\题干讨论对象,但是陈述内容是编造出来的,原文中没有依据;一种是和题目无关选项,这种选项在原文中可以找到依据,但是并不能回答题干问题;还有一种是看上去是文章内容,但是出现了一些臆断的比较级、最高级等信息。
2.定位信息直接事实题的正确选项是可以和题干共同完成一个意群表述的内容,错误选项有三种情形:一种是和原文无关的选项,这种选项可能会出现原文\题干讨论对象,但是陈述内容是编造出来的,原文中没有依据;一种是和题目无关选项,这种选项在原文中可以找到依据,但是并不能回答题干问题;还有一种是看上去是文章内容,但是出现了一些臆断的比较级、最高级等信息。
3.了解出题点直接事实题往往不会针对像是例子一类太过于细节的内容出题。
在出题时,和上面所述出题过程对应,一种是对原文中某个原因的表述出题,将结果放在选项中备选;或者是将结果放在题干中,将原因放在选项中待选。
还有一些情况,托福阅读直接事实题会对对比事物的优劣势进行考察;还有的题目会问到某个事件的发展过程、某个人物做的某件事情、某个时间段对应的事件等等。
托福阅读备考题目解析:直接事实题问题形式这种题型要求考生们识别出文章明确阐述的事实信息。
这些事实信息问题主要集中于事实、细节、定义或者作者阐述的其他信息。
这种题型一般要求考生辨识文章某一部分提到的具体信息,不会问及整篇文章的主旨。
通常情况下,相关信息可能是一句话或两句话。
这种题目的提问方式通常为:According to the passage, which/ what/ why/how/who/where/when….The author’s description of X ment ions which of the following?According to the paragraph, X occurred because …等等。
托福阅读事实信息题
托福阅读事实信息题
TOEFL阅读部分常出现的题型之一是事实信息题(Factual Information Questions)。
这类题目要求考生根据所阅读的文章内容,找出对应的事实细节。
下面是一些解题技巧:
1. 从关键词入手:阅读题干时,注意关键词,即与题目相关的人名、地名、时间、数字等。
例如,题目中出现"According to the passage"、"In the third paragraph"等引导词,都提醒了你需要在特定的句子或段落中寻找答案。
2. 借助同义词或近义词:有时题干与文章中原文的措辞可能不完全一致,可能使用了同义词或近义词。
通过理解关键词的核心意思,仔细寻找与之相关的表达。
3. 注意特殊标志词:一些文章中会使用特殊的标志词来引出某个具体的事实。
例如:"For example"、"In addition"、"Firstly"等,这些标志词通常表示作者要提及具体的事实细节。
4. 把握段落大意:阅读文章时要把握每个段落的大意。
如果题目中没有指明具体的句子,可能需要根据整个段落的内容进行判断。
5. 学会排除选项:当遇到一个复杂的题目时,先排除掉明显错误的答案选项。
这样可以减少选项的数量,提高正确答案的概率。
总之,事实信息题需要考生在阅读文段时注意细节,掌握文章
的核心内容和特定事实细节。
通过多做练习和实践,提高对语言和文章的理解能力,有助于提高在托福阅读中的得分。
托福阅读事实信息题
托福阅读事实信息题托福阅读事实信息题是托福阅读部分的一个题型,要求考生根据所给的文章,准确地找出相关的事实信息。
本文将介绍托福阅读事实信息题的特点、解题技巧以及一些常见的事实信息题类型。
一、托福阅读事实信息题的特点托福阅读事实信息题是考察考生对文章细节的理解能力。
这类题目通常会要求考生根据所给的问题,在文章中找到与之相关的具体细节。
正确回答这类题目需要考生对文章的整体内容有一个全面的理解,并能准确地定位到相关信息。
二、解题技巧1. 预读题目:在阅读文章之前,先花一些时间预读题目。
这样可以帮助考生更快地定位到相关信息,并在阅读过程中有一个明确的目标。
2. 理解问题:在阅读题目时,要确保自己对问题的理解是准确的。
有时候题目会采用否定、排除等方式,需要仔细阅读并理解题目的意思。
3. 定位关键词:在阅读文章时,要注意关键词的定位。
关键词通常是与问题直接相关的词语或短语,通过定位关键词可以更快地找到相关信息。
4. 细致阅读:在定位到关键词之后,要细致地阅读相关部分的内容。
需要注意的是,有时候信息可能会分散在不同的段落中,所以要仔细阅读全文。
三、常见的事实信息题类型1. 事实细节题:要求考生根据所给的问题,在文章中找到与之相关的具体细节。
2. 事实信息题:要求考生根据所给的问题,在文章中找到与之相关的具体信息。
3. 基本事实题:要求考生根据所给的问题,在文章中找到与之相关的基本事实。
4. 事实推断题:要求考生根据所给的问题和文章中的信息,推断出一些事实。
四、总结托福阅读事实信息题是考察考生对文章细节的理解能力。
解答这类题目需要考生具备良好的阅读理解能力和准确的定位能力。
在备考过程中,考生应多做相关练习,熟悉题目的解题思路和技巧,提高解题效率和准确性。
同时,也要注重积累词汇和阅读技巧,提高阅读速度和理解能力。
通过不断地练习和积累,相信考生一定能够在托福阅读事实信息题上取得好成绩。
托福阅读题型及评分标准介绍
托福阅读考试需要完成3篇文章,每篇文章的字数大约有700字左右,每篇文章的出题数是12-14题,平均20分钟/篇。
如果遇到加试,会从考试的四篇文章中随机选取三篇计分。
这三篇文章中所有回答正确的题目数量加起来就是你的阅读总分。
除重要观点题和归类题以外,每道题的分值都是1分,重要观点题的分值可能是2分,归类题为3或4分。
考试所得分数范围:0-30分。
阅读题型1. Factual Information questions(事实信息题)2. Negative Factual Information questions(否定事实信息题)3. Inference questions(推论题)4. Rhetorical Purpose questions(修辞目的题)5. Vocabulary questions(词汇题)6. Reference questions(指代题)7. Sentence Simplification questions(句子简化题)8. Insert Text question(句子插入题)9. Prose Summary(文章总结题)10. Fill in a Table(表格填写题)评分标准托福阅读以选择题为主,除最后的文章总结题和表格填写题之外,每道题的分值都是1分。
文章总结题满分为2分。
这道题会给出6个选项,要求考生从中选出3个最能概括文章内容的选项。
在评分方面,文章总结题每道题2分。
如果这道题没有选对答案或只选对1个选项,不得分;如果这道题选对2个选项,得1分;如果这道题选对了3个选项,得2分。
表格填写题满分为3分。
这道题会有2或3栏/行表格,包括5个正确答案选项。
考生需要在备选答案中挑出正确选项,并将正确选项拖入表格中的相应位置。
表格填写题满分为3分。
没有答对或只答对1或2个答案不得分;答对3个答案得1分;答对4个答案得2分;5个全对得满分3分。
在计算出原始分数以后,将被转化为0-30分的最终分数。
论托福阅读题型之肯定事实信息题
论托福阅读题型之肯定事实信息题在托福阅读考试中,肯定事实信息题一直是比例最大的题型,但是不少同学还是在该题型上失分很多。
今天我们就一起来分析一下对于这种题型的应对方法。
众所周知,事实信息题是考官根据原文的某个细节出的题,因此它的题干及正确选项在原文都无疑的会有词汇上的对应关系。
我们只要能准确地找到这些对应关系,就可以很容易的得出正确答案了。
一般来说,事实信息题的做题步骤是1. 看题干信息,一定要明确题干到底要考什么,不要受到某些不重要的词的干扰,2. 用分析到的题干重要信息(即关键词)到文章中寻找对应关系(原词,同义词,词性变化),务必做到有针对性的读文章。
3.找到定位位置后,仔细阅读所在句子,找出题目所考内容,到选项中选出对应关系。
我们以OG的一道题为例:According to Darwin's theory of evolution, members of a species are forced to struggle for survival becauseA. Not all individuals are skilled in finding foodB. Individuals try to defend their young against attackersC. Many more individuals are born than can survive until the age of reproductionD. Individuals with certain genes are more likely to reach adulthood先分析题干,题干问的是struggle for survival 的原因,而且有Darwin这样的醒目的关键词,我们可以结合这两组词,原文如下:Consider Darwin's theory of evolution. Darwin held that many more individuals are produced than can find food and survive into adulthood.A struggle for survival follows. Those individuals who possess characteristics that provide them with an advantage in the struggle for existence are more likely to survive and contribute their genes to the next generation.定位到具体句子后,我们要分析,题目问的是原因,应该往前读还是往后读呢?这时要观察到follows这个词. A struggle for survival follows我们可以翻译为:为生存而进行的斗争紧随其后了。
托福阅读事实信息题4条实用解题策略精讲
托福阅读事实信息题4条实用解题策略精讲托福阅读题型中可能事实信息题很多同学都觉得比较简单。
今天给大家带来了托福阅读事实信息题4条实用解题策略精讲,希望能够帮助到大家,下面就和大家分享,来欣赏一下吧。
托福阅读事实信息题4条实用解题策略精讲托福阅读事实信息题解题策略:了解出题过程托福阅读事实信息题既然是对*具体内容出题,如果只是将内容摘抄然后出题意义不大。
所以在出题时,对内容进行了一些处理。
考生要明确“意群”和“同义替换”的概念,意群是指托福阅读中能够表达清楚一个完整内容的一句或几句话,这句话可以表达一个因果关系,或者能够讲清楚两个事物的一点对比,出题者首先在*中抽出这样的一个意群;然后对其中的动词进行同义替换,使原句还是一样的意思,只是不能马上识别;接下来,出题者会将意群的一部分放在题干中,另外的部分放在选项中,再设计几个选项即完成出题。
托福阅读事实信息题解题策略:精准定位原文定位是解决事实题的关键步骤,往往定位对了题也就容易做了,定位错了就会很纠结。
定位大体可分为三种情况:(1)根据题干给出的段落进行大定位(2)根据题干中的关键词进行小定位(3)根据选项中的关键词进行定位。
托福阅读事实信息题解题策略:综合分析对比选项理解定位后的原文,对比选项,找到符合原文大意的选项。
这种同义替换的能力也是考生需要具备的,主要分为两种情况的同义替换:第一种情况是将原文中关键词进行词汇的同义替换,这就包括同义、近义词的替换和同一词的不同词类的替换。
比如OG The Origins of Cetaceans的第一题B选项中用conceal替换了原文的disguise。
第二种情况是改变了原文的句型。
比如原文说Unable to finance road construction, states turned for help to private companies.在选项中则是The states were unable to build roads themselves financially.都是经济问题,意思并没有改变。
浅谈托福阅读事实信息题的解法
浅谈托福阅读事实信息题的解法作者:安阳来源:《新东方英语》2013年第09期阅读部分是整个托福考试的第一部分,这部分的考试时间短,阅读文章的题材、类型多样,要求的词汇量相对较大,考查的题型也很多,因此成为很多考生攻克托福考试的一个难关。
事实信息题(Factual Information Questions)是托福阅读部分最常见的题型,每篇文章后的12~14道选择题中通常会包含3~6道事实信息题,因此攻克这一题型将有助于提升考生托福阅读的整体成绩。
下面笔者就为考生具体分析这一题型的解题方法。
题型简介什么是事实信息题?《新托福考试官方指南》是这样解释的:“这种题型要求考生识别出文章明确阐述的事实信息。
这些事实信息问题主要集中于事实、细节、定义或者作者阐述的其他信息。
这种题型会要求考生辨识仅在文章某一部分提到的具体信息,一般不会问及整篇文章的主旨。
通常状况下,其相关信息在文章中可能只是一句或两句话。
”由此可见,解答此类题型的关键在于回原文定位到包含答案信息的句子。
那么该如何在原文中定位到相关句子,在解题中要注意些什么问题,又有些什么诀窍呢?下面笔者来具体分析解题步骤和策略。
解题步骤事实信息题的解题可分为以下三个步骤:确定用于定位答案信息的题干关键词;回原文查找含有关键词的句子,定位答案范围;对比原文和选项,找出对原文内容进行同义替换的选项。
下面来具体阐述。
确定用于定位答案信息的题干关键词既然官方指南已经告诉考生只读一到两句话就能完成一道事实信息题,那么考生解题的关键就在于回原文找到与解题相关的那一两句话。
这时,我们需要通过题干关键词来回原文定位包含答案的句子。
在具体操作之前,考生必须搞清楚几个问题。
第一,什么是关键词?关键词就是能够帮助考生快速在原文中找到相关答案信息的“钥匙”。
第二,用于定位的关键词的意思很重要吗?有些考生在确定题干关键词时,会纠结于关键词的意思。
但事实上,题干关键词的最大作用是定位,考生只要选出能帮自己快速找到相关答案信息的关键词即可,至于关键词本身的意思,在考试时间有限的情况下,考生不必深究。
托福阅读的几种题型
托福阅读的几种题型1.Factual Information Questions 事实信息题这种题型要求考生识别出文章明确阐述的事实信息。
这些事实信息问题主要集中于事实、细节、定义或者作者阐述的其他信息。
这种题型会要求考生辨识仅在文章某一部分提到的具体信息,一般不会问及整篇文章的主旨。
通常情况下,其相关信息在文章中可能只是一句或两句话。
事实信息类问题经常采取以下提问方式:According to the paragraph, which of the following in true of X?The author’s description of X mentions which of the following?According to the paragraph, X occurred because…According to the paragraph, X did Y because…According to the paragraph, why did X do Y?The author’s description of X mentions which of the following?事实信息类问题的注意点:为考证文章是如何对题目进行阐述的,考生也许需要再一次阅读文章。
因为这类问题考察的是文章细节,所以考生在第一次阅读中可能会记不住这些信息。
将与文中信息相矛盾的选项直接排除。
不要因为某个选项在文章中曾被提及,就将其作为正确选项。
考生所选择的答案必须是针对题目进行的回答。
2.否定事实信息题这类问题要求考生根据文章明确陈述的信息,确定哪些信息是真实的,哪些信息是不真实的或者是原文所没有提及的。
回答此类问题时,首先需要找到相关信息在原文中出现的位置,然后确定四个选项中哪三个信息是真实的,这样剩下的那个选项自然就是不真实的了。
注意,对于此类问题,正确答案是那个不真实的选项。
怎样识别出否定事实信息题:●通常情况下,否定事实信息类问题比事实信息类问题要求考生回顾更多的原文信息。
托福阅读十大题型简介
托福阅读十大题型简介阅读是托福考试中非常重要的一部分,能否做好阅读对于托福成绩有重要影响。
店铺为您带来托福阅读十大题型简介,希望对备考托福的同学有所帮助。
托福阅读十大题型简介一、图表题总结全文原则1、根据引导词先大定位2、匹配与引导词语义相关的选项,排除与引导词无关/错误的选项二、事实信息题同义改写原则1、读题干,找到其中的关键词2、根据关键词,定位到原文中的有效信息3、正确答案是原文有效信息的同意改写4、选项定位法,逐个击破三、否定事实信息题排除原则1、选项定位法2、核对题干信息四、修辞目的题细节原则1、看选项中的动词从文中找逻辑排除(demonstrate/contrast/refute…)2、重点看本句(细节题)前一两句(观点),关注段首句(段落观点)3、选择同义改写五、推断题排除原则1、根据原文有效信息选项定位法,逐个击破2、不可过分推,宁可推少,不可推多;宁可保守,都不过分推理3、思路上可以有取反或取非六、句子简化题逻辑对应原则1、正确选项必须包含原句主要信息(主干),修饰信息可删除,可同义改写,可概括总结;2、最好用的逻辑关系词对照:因果(原因对原因,结果对结果);转折让步比较(虽然对虽然,但是对但是)3、and前后信息有前必有后,不能缺失前后信息七、句子插入题承上启下原则先看插入句找线索,三大线索分别是代词,逻辑连接词和结构八、指代题联系上下文原则指代对象一般为前一句的主语或宾语(主优先于宾九、词汇题熟词直选原则认识单词直接选;不认识根据上下文的逻辑猜测十、六选三题总结观点原则1、全文主题2、一个或多个段落的主旨大意了解了托福阅读题型,解题方法需要考生灵活掌握,才能在托福考试中处变不惊。
托福阅读真题练习:美国历史托福阅读文本:During the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, almost nothing was written about the contributions of women during the colonial period and the early history of the newly formed United States. Lacking the right to vote and absent from the seatsof power, women were not considered an important force in history. Anne Bradstreet wrote some significant poetry in the seventeenth century, Mercy Otis Warren produced the best contemporary history of the American Revolution, and Abigail Adams penned important letters showing she exercised great political influence over her husband, John, the second President of the United States. But little or no notice was taken of these contributions. During these centuries, women remained invisible in history books.Throughout the nineteenth century, this lack of visibility continued, despite the efforts of female authors writing about women. These writers, like most of their male counterparts, were amateur historians. Their writings were celebratory in nature, and they were uncritical in their selection and use of sources.During the nineteenth century, however, certain feminists showed a keen sense of history by keeping records of activities in which women were engaged. National, regional, and local women's organizations compiled accounts of their doings. Personal correspondence, newspaper clippings, and souvenirs were saved and stored. These sources from the core of the two greatest collections of women's history in the United States one at the Elizabeth and Arthur Schlesinger Library at Radcliffé College, and the other the Sophia Smith Collection at Smith College. Such sources have provided valuable materials for later generations of historians.Despite the gathering of more information about ordinary women during the nineteenth century, most of the writing about women conformed to the "great women" theory of history, just as much of mainstream American history concentrated on "great men." To demonstrate that women were making significantcontributions to American life, female authors singled out women leaders and wrote biographies, or else important women produced their autobiographies. Most of these leaders were involved in public life as reformers, activists working for women's right to vote, or authors, and were not representative at all of the great of ordinary woman. The lives of ordinary people continued, generally, to be untold in the American histories being published.托福阅读题目:1. What does the passage mainly discuss?(A) The role of literature in earlyAmerican histories(B) The place ofAmerican women in written histories(C) The keen sense of history shown byAmerican women(D) The "great women" approach to history used by American historians2. The word "contemporary" in line 6 means that the history was(A) informative(B) written at that time(C) thoughtful(D) faultfinding3. In the first paragraph, Bradstreet, Warren, and Adams are mentioned to show that(A) a woman's status was changed by marriage(B) even the contributions of outstanding women were ignored(C) only three women were able to get their writing published(D) poetry produced by women was more readily accepted than other writing by women4. The word "celebratory" in line 12 means that the writingsreferred to were(A) related to parties(B) religious(C) serious(D) full of praise5. The word "they" in line 12 refers to(A) efforts(B) authors(C) counterparts(D) sources6. In the second paragraph, what weakness in nineteenth-century histories does the author pointout?(A) They put too much emphasis on daily activities(B) They left out discussion of the influence of money on politics.(C) The sources of the information they were based on were not necessarily accurate.(D) They were printed on poor-quality paper.7. On the basis of information in the third paragraph, which of the following would most likelyhave been collected by nineteenth-century feminist organizations?(A) Newspaper accounts of presidential election results(B) Biographies of John Adams(C) Letters from a mother to a daughter advising her how to handle a family problem(D) Books about famous graduates of the country's first college8. What use was made of the nineteenth-century women'shistory materials in the SchlesingerLibrary and the Sophia Smith Collection?(A) They were combined and published in a multivolume encyclopedia(B) They formed the basis of college courses in the nineteenth century.(C) They provided valuable information for twentieth-century historical researchers.(D) They were shared among women's colleges throughout the United States.9. In the last paragraph, the author mentions all of the following as possible roles ofnineteenth-century "great women" EXCEPT(A) authors(B) reformers(C) activists for women's rights(D) politicians10. The word "representative" in line 29 is closest in meaning to(A) typical(B) satisfied(C) supportive(D) distinctive托福阅读答案:BBBDB CCCDA托福阅读真题练习:人工孵化项目托福阅读文本:Aviculturists, people who raise birds for commercial sale, have not yet learned how to simulate the natural incubation of parrot eggs in the wild. They continue to look for better ways toincrease egg production and to improve chick survival rates.When parrots incubate their eggs in the wild, the temperature and humidity of the nest are controlled naturally. Heat is transferred from the bird's skin to the top portion of the eggshell, leaving the sides and bottom of the egg at a cooler temperature. This temperature gradient may be vital to successful hatching. Nest construction can contribute to this temperature gradient. Nests of loosely arranged sticks, rocks, or dirt are cooler in temperature at the bottom where the egg contacts the nesting material. Such nests also act as humidity regulators by allowing rain to drain into the bottom sections of the nest so that the eggs are not in direct contact with the water. As the water that collects in the bottom of the nest evaporates, the water vapor rises and is heated by the incubating bird, which adds significant humidity to the incubation environment.In artificial incubation programs, aviculturists remove eggs from the nests of parrots and incubate them under laboratory conditions. Most commercial incubators heat the eggs fairly evenly from top to bottom, thus ignoring the bird's method of natural incubation, and perhaps reducing the viability and survivability of the hatching chicks. When incubators are not used, aviculturists sometimes suspend wooden boxes outdoors to use as nests in which to place eggs. In areas where weather can become cold after eggs are laid, it is very important to maintain a deep foundation of nesting material to act as insulator against the cold bottom of the box. If eggs rest against the wooden bottom in extremely cold weather conditions, they can become chilled to a point where the embryo can no longer survive. Similarly, these boxes should be protected from direct sunlight to avoid high temperatures that are also fatal to the growingembryo. Nesting material should be added in sufficient amounts to avoid both extreme temperature situations mentioned above and assure that the eggs have a soft, secure place to rest.托福阅读题目:1. What is the main idea of the passage ?(A) Nesting material varies according to the parrots' environment.(B) Humidity is an important factor in incubating parrots' eggs.(C)Aviculturists have constructed the ideal nest box for parrots.(D) Wild parrots' nests provide information useful for artificial incubation.2. The word "They" in line 2 refers to(A) aviculturists(B) birds(C) eggs(D) rates3. According to paragraph 2, when the temperature of the sides and bottom of the egg are cooler than the top, then(A) there may be a good chance for successful incubation(B) the embryo will not develop normally(C) the incubating parent moves the egg to a new position.(D) the incubation process is slowed down4.According to paragraph 2, sticks, rocks, or dirt are used to(A) soften the bottom of the nest for the newly hatched chick(B) hold the nest together(C) help lower the temperature at the bottom of the nest(D) make the nest bigger5.According to paragraph 2, the construction of the nestallows water to(A) provide a beneficial source of humidity in the nest(B) loosen the materials at the bottom of the nest(C) keep the nest in a clean condition(D) touch the bottom of the eggs6.All of the following are part of a parrot's incubation method EXCEPT(A) heating the water vapor as it rises from the bottom of the nest(B) arranging nesting material at the bottom of the nest(C) transferring heat from the parent to the top of the eggshell(D) maintaining a constant temperature on the eggshell7. The word "suspend" in line 18 is closest in meaning to(A) build(B) paint(C) hang(D) move8. The word "fatal" in line 24 is closest in meaning to(A) close(B) deadly(C) natural(D) hot9. The word "secure" in line 27 is closest in meaning to(A) fresh(B) dry(C) safe(D) warm10.According to paragraph 3, a deep foundation of nesting material provides(A) a constant source of humidity(B) a strong nest box(C) more room for newly hatched chicks(D) protection against cold weather11. Which of the following is a problem with commercial incubators?(A) They lack the natural temperature changes of the outdoors.(B) They are unable to heat the eggs evenly(C) They do not transfer heat to the egg in the same way the parent bird does.(D) They are expensive to operate.12. Which of the following terms is defined in the passage ?(A)Aviculturists (line 1)(B) gradient (line 8)(C) incubation (line 15)(D) embryo (line 22)托福阅读答案:DAACADCBCD CA。
详解托福阅读事实信息题正确解答步骤
详解托福阅读事实信息题正确解答步骤详解托福阅读事实信息题正确解答步骤, 手把手教你搞定重点题型,今天给大家带来了详解托福阅读事实信息题正确解答步骤做,希望可以帮助到大家,下面就和大家分享,来欣赏一下吧。
详解托福阅读事实信息题正确解答步骤手把手教你搞定重点题型托福阅读事实信息题提问方式汇总1. According to Paragraph…, which of the following is true about X?2. According to Paragraph…, how / what/ why…?3. Paragraph… / The passage supports which of the following statements aboutX?带有提问方式的题型有以下几个特点:a. 该题型属于细节类题型,并且在大部分情况下题干中会出现一个明确的细节定位词──X。
b. 该题型是对细节信息的正面提问(由题干中true / support 可知),这一点与否定事实信息题相反。
c. 该题型疑问部分一般由特殊疑问词:which / how / what / why… 引导,可以得出该题型可以就某细节信息的具体“特性、原因、方式等”进行发问。
托福阅读事实信息题解题步骤介绍第一步:读题干,划出定位词。
定位词特点:a. 在提问方式1和3当中就是X所代表的部分。
b. 在提问方式2中比较复杂,一般是寻找该句中的名词部分,多数充当句中的主语或宾语。
c. 定位词有可能是原文原词或者近义词。
例题1:According to paragraph 6, which of the following statementsabout aquifers in deserts is true? (托福官方真题12 Water in the Desert)本题干的定位词即aquifers, 符合提问方式1。
例题2:According to paragraph 7, why would a social group use shunning?(托福官方真题13 Types of Social Groups)本题干的定位词即shunning, 符合提问方式2。
托福阅读如何做好事实信息题
托福阅读如何做好事实信息题托福阅读考试中了解题型是考生必需把握的一项基本功,由于这关系到大家能否快速地做出应对使用针对性解题思路才解答不同题型。
今日我给大家带来了托福阅读如何做好事实信息题,盼望能够关心到大家,一起来学习吧。
托福阅读如何做好事实信息题托福阅读事实信息题提问方式介绍1、According to Paragraph…, which of the following is true about X?2、According to Paragraph…, how / what/ why…?3、Paragraph… / The passage supports which of the following statements aboutX?带有提问方式的题型有以下几个特点:a. 该题型属于细节类题型,并且在大部分状况下题干中会消失一个明确的细节定位词───X。
b. 该题型是对细节信息的正面提问(由题干中true / support可知),这一点与否定事实信息题相反。
c. 该题型疑问部分一般由特别疑问词:which / how / what / why… 引导,可以得出该题型可以就某细节信息的详细“特性、缘由、方式等”进行发问。
托福阅读事实信息题解题步骤讲解第一步:读题干,划出定位词。
定位词特点:a. 在提问方式1和3当中就是X所代表的部分。
b. 在提问方式2中比较简单,一般是查找该句中的名词部分,多数充当句中的主语或宾语。
c. 定位词有可能是原文原词或者近义词。
例题1:According to paragraph 6, which of the following statementsabout aquifers in deserts is true? (TPO 12Water in the Desert)本题干的定位词即aquifers, 符合提问方式1。
例题2:According to paragraph 7, why would a social group use shunning?(TPO 13 Types of Social Groups)本题干的定位词即shunning, 符合提问方式2。
托福阅读题型
托福阅读题型1.事实信息题(Factual information)事实信息题是托福阅读中数量最多的题型,在每篇阅读文章中都会有3-6题为事实信息题。
这个题型如同其字面含义,就是考察大家对阅读文章中包含的各类信息的掌握程度。
这类题目的提问方式主要有两种,分别是:According to the paragraph,...?The author's description of X mentions which of the following?2.否认事实信息题(Negative Factual Infomation)这个题型和上面的事实信息题正好相反,如果说事实信息题问的是文章里讲了什么,那么否认事实信息题问的就是文章里没讲没有提及什么。
这类题型的考察目的和事实信息题相同,也是考察考生对文章包含信息的了解。
每篇文章中这样的题目数量最多2题,也有可能1道都没有。
这个题型的提问方式是:According to the passage,which of the following is NOT true of X?The author's description of X mentions all of the following EXCEPT...3.暗示推理题(Inference)这个题型同样问的是事实,但并不是文章直接提到的事实,而是需要考生结合文章给出信息进行一定推理后得出的结论,对考生的逻辑推理分析能力有一定要求。
这个题型每篇阅读中都会有1到3题,常见提问方式是:Which of the following can be inferred about X?The author of the passage implies that X...Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 1 about X?4.修辞目的题(Rhetorical Purpose)这个题型的题数为1-2题,光看名字似乎有点不太好理解,其实通俗来说就是问目的或者说原因,比如作者会什么要提某人某事,或者作者提及某人某事是为了什么等等。
托福阅读直接信息题实例解析
托福阅读直接信息题实例解析托福阅读直接信息题又叫事实信息题,顾名思义考察的是考生对阅读文章中直接给出的事实信息的理解能力,下面小编就和大家分享托福阅读直接信息题实例解析,希望能够帮助到大家,来欣赏一下吧。
托福阅读直接信息题实例解析一般能来说,托福阅读直接信息题的解题需要遵循三步:1.从题干中找到定位关键词2.通过定位关键词找到对应原文,得出原文答案 3.将四个选项跟原文答案进行对照,看哪个选项是对原文答案的同义改写。
这个过程中最重要的主要有两种能力:关键词定位与同义改写。
首先我们来看看“定位关键词”。
,按照“识别度高低”排序可以有如下这些帮助我们回到原文定位的关键词:(1) 数字、大写、符号(引号、破折号、连字符、斜体...)(2) 名词(以具体名词为主、抽象名词为辅,因为前者更不容易被改写)(3) 比较级、最高级(4) 动词、形容词、副词在关键词定位的过程中我们要对题干中诸如when、where 、how 、why等特殊疑问词敏感,这些单词可以帮我们更好地判断题目的考查方向,让我们知道最终要找到什么。
另外文章标题词不可作为定位关键词,因为高频词没有定位价值。
关于Step 2“原文答案”,这是指的是如果题目没有四个选项、只有题干的话,这道题就类似一道简答题,那么这个“原文答案”就是该简答题的答案。
最后关于Step 3“同义改写”,这也是托福考试最广泛考察的能力之一了,指同义词或近义词的替换。
接下来我们运用这个三步走的策略来解答下面两道题:例题1Though it may be difficult to imagine from a later perspective, a strain of critical opinion in the 1920s predicted that sound film would be a technical novelty that would soon fade from sight, just as had many previous attempts, dating well back before the First World War, to link images with recorded sound. These critics were making a common assumption-that the technological inadequacies of earlier efforts(poor synchronization, weak sound amplification, fragile sound recordings) would invariably occur again. To be sure, their evaluation of the technical flaws in 1920s sound experiments was not so far off the mark, yet they neglected to take into account important new forces in the motion picture field that, in a sense, would not take no for an answer.Which of the following is true about the technical problems of early sound films? (A) Linking images with recorded sound was a larger obstacle than weak sound amplification or fragile sound recordings.(B) Sound films in the 1920s were unable to solve the technical flaws found in sound films before the First World War.(C) Technical inadequacies occurred less frequently in early sound films than critics suggested.(D) Critics assumed that it would be impossible to overcome the technical difficulties experienced with earlier sound films.解析:Step1题干:找出题干的定位关键词,是technical problems of early sound films。
托福阅读分类题型—事实信息题
浅析托福阅读分类题型—事实信息题————————————————————————————————作者:————————————————————————————————日期:2智课网TOEFL备考资料浅析托福阅读分类题型—事实信息题出国英语考试有哪些雅思6.5是什么水平雅思阅读评分标准托福阅读评分标准雅思和托福的区别在之前的托福分类题型中,我们已经介绍了句子简化题(Sentence Simplification Questions)的做法,即写出句子结构,再根据写出的结构对选项进行分析。
正确答案的标准有两个,一是逻辑关系与原句一致,二是基本信息与原文一致。
这种做题方法对学生们的语法知识、语法结构,也就是长难句的分析能力有很高的要求。
学生们需要多练习,才能够在短时间内做对这道题。
那么,本篇文章是关于在托福阅读每篇12-14题中出题频率会达到3-6题的题型—事实信息题Factual Information Questions。
这种题型虽然学生们做起来不陌生,但是一不小心就会掉入ETS的小“陷阱”。
由于事实信息题和词汇题都在考试中占有很大比重,而且要求在短时间内迅速做对,拿到分数,所以对学生们各种答题能力都有要求。
下面来重点讲解一下事实信息题。
事实信息题Factual Information Questions的题型一般是According to the passage, what…?/According to the passage, where…?/According to the passage, how…?/According to the passage, which of the following statement is true?/In paragraph 2, what does the author sayabout ….? 所以事实信息题其实是考察文章中的细节问题。
这种题型我们的做法是第一步,定位原文(keys words),第二步,同义替换(paraphrase)。
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论托福阅读题型之肯定事实信息题
在托福阅读考试中,肯定事实信息题一直是比例最大的题型,但是不少同学还是在该题型上失分很多。
今天我们就一起来分析一下对于这种题型的应对方法。
众所周知,事实信息题是考官根据原文的某个细节出的题,因此它的题干及正确选项在原文都无疑的会有词汇上的对应关系。
我们只要能准确地找到这些对应关系,就可以很容易的得出正确答案了。
一般来说,事实信息题的做题步骤是1. 看题干信息,一定要明确题干到底要考什么,不要受到某些不重要的词的干扰,2. 用分析到的题干重要信息(即关键词)到文章中寻找对应关系(原词,同义词,词性变化),务必做到有针对性的读文章。
3.找到定位位置后,仔细阅读所在句子,找出题目所考内容,到选项中选出对应关系。
我们以OG的一道题为例:
According to Darwin's theory of evolution, members of a species are forced to struggle for survival because
A. Not all individuals are skilled in finding food
B. Individuals try to defend their young against attackers
C. Many more individuals are born than can survive until the age of reproduction
D. Individuals with certain genes are more likely to reach adulthood
先分析题干,题干问的是struggle for survival 的原因,而且有Darwin这样的醒目的关键词,我们可以结合这两组词,原文如下:
Consider Darwin's theory of evolution. Darwin held that many more individuals are produced than can find food and survive into adulthood. A struggle for survival follows. Those individuals who possess characteristics that provide them with an advantage in the struggle for existence are more likely to survive and contribute their genes to the next generation.
定位到具体句子后,我们要分析,题目问的是原因,应该往前读还是往后读呢?这时要观察到follows这个词. A struggle for survival follows我们可以翻译为:为生存而进行的斗争紧随其后了。
如此以来,原因的位置就应该很明确了,往前读! Darwin held that many more individuals are produced than can find food and survive into adulthood.比对选项,会发现第三个选项的意思与找到的地方完全对应,同义词包括:produced=born; until the age of reproduction = into adulthood. 因此答案为C.
再来一例:
According to paragraph 2, sculptors in the Italian Renaissance stopped using cannonballs in bronze statues of horses because
A. they began using a material that made the statues weigh less
B. they found a way to strengthen the statues internally
C. the aesthetic tastes of the public had changed over time
D. the cannonballs added too much weight to the statues
题干问sculptors stopped using cannonballs 的原因,可以先利用Italian Renaissance缩小范围,但务必要找到体现stopped这个负向含义的词,才可以解题。
原文如下:
For example, in the early Italian Renaissance, bronze statues of horses with a raised foreleg usually had a cannonball under that hoof. This was done because the cannonball was needed to support the weight of the leg. In other words, the demands of the laws of physics, not the sculptor’s aes thetic intentions, placed the ball there. That this device was a necessary structural compromise is clear from the fact that the cannonball quickly disappeared when sculptors learned how to strengthen the internal structure of a statue with iron braces (iron being much stronger than bronze)
究竟stopped using cannonballs的对应关系在哪里呢?守住反向这个条件,我们最终会找到the cannonball quickly disappeared when sculptors learned how to strengthen the internal structure of a statue with iron braces。
stopped 的对应词为disappeared. 如此,原因就应该是sculptors learned how to strengthen the internal structure of a statue with iron braces。
比对选项,B应该为正确答案。
对应关系有:learn how=find a way , strength(原词),internal=internally。
通过上面两个例子,我们可以看出,如果对题干的分析到位,做到有针对性的读文章的话,可以事半功倍。
但这种方法,对考生的同义词敏感性要求颇高,需要大家通过OG,真题多积累相关同义词替换。