2009级《英语语言学》复习范围

I. Knowledge points that will be covered in the final examination:

Linguistics/ general linguistics/ phonetics/ phonology/ morphology/ syntax/ semantics/ pragmatics/ sociolinguistics/ psycholinguistics/ Applied Linguistics(in narrow sense)/ prescriptive & descriptive/ synchronic & diachronic/ speech & writing/ langue & parole/ competence & performance/ language/ /Design features/ vocal cords/ voicing / voiceless/ IPA/ broad or narrow transcription / diacritics/ description or identification of English consonants or vowels/ phoneme/ allophone / Minimal pair/ complementary distribution/ tone/ intonation/ morpheme/ prefix/ suffix/ free or bound morpheme/ derivational or inflectional morpheme/ category/ phrase / PS rule/ semantic triangle/ /Contextualism / sense / reference/ synonymy/ polysemy/ homonymy/ hyponymy/ antonymy/ entailment/ presupposition/ componential analysis/ context (in Pragmatics)/ sentence or utterance meaning/ speech act theory/ CP/ conversational implicature /pragmatic failure / methods of adding new words/ widening or narrowing of meaning / speech variety/ speech community/ regional dialect/ sociolect/ / idiolect / RP/ ethnic dialect / register/ standard variety/ Pidgin /Creole / Bilingualism/ diglossia / culture/ Sapir-whorf Hypothesis / Critical period hypothesis/ Language acquisition theories/ Second language acquisition / Interlanguage/ positive or negative transfer / error analysis/ interference/ Input Hypothesis/ acquisition & learning/ Language aptitude / motivation/ Learning strategies/

II. Key terms:

Morphology/ syntax/ pragmatics/ Applied Linguistics(in narrow sense)/ broad or narrow transcription/ competence/ Design features/ phoneme/ pragmatic failure / sociolinguistics/ Bilingualism/ diglossia / Second language acquisition/ Interlanguage /Learning strategies

III. Key questions:

1. What is language? How do you understand the definition of language? (chapter 1)

2. In what basic ways does modern linguistics differ from traditional grammar? (chapter 1)

3. What is the difference between broad transcription and narrow transcription? (chapter 2)

4. What is a free morpheme? What is a bound morpheme? And what makes them different from each other? (chapter 3)

5. What role does context play in linguistic communication? What is contextualism? (chapters 5 and

6)

6. What are the four maxims of the CP? Give one example to show how flouting these maxims gives rise to conversational implicature. (chapter 6)

7. What are the ways in which new words may be added to the English language? Give one example for each way. (chapter 7)

8. What are the three major theories of language acquisition? Which one do you think is more reasonable and convincing? Explain why. ( chapter 10)

9. What is the difference between interlingual errors and intralingual errors? (chapter 11)