动名词的用法小结

动名词的用法小结

1动名词是一种非谓语动词形式。

1) 非谓语动词指的是在句中起名词，形容词或副词作用的动词形式，而不是作谓语的动词形式。动词的非谓语形式分为动名词，分词，动词不定式。

Climbing mountain is a good exercise. (Climbing..., 动名词起名词作用）爬山是一项好运动。

Do you know the man wearing a white shirt. （wearing ... 分词起形容词作用）你认识那个穿白衬衣的人吗？

He gets up early to catch the first bus. (to catch .... 不定式起副词作用）他早早起床是为了赶上第一班汽车。

谓语动词和非谓语动词的区别：

2) 谓语动词在句中可单独作谓语，而非谓语动词不能单独作谓语。

Miss Mary teaches us English.

玛丽教我们英语。（teaches 动词作谓语）

Mr.Victor came to our classroom to have a talk with us last week. 维克托先生上周来到了我们教室和我们谈话。（to have a talk.... 不定式作状语）

3) 谓语动词受主语的人称和数的限制，而非谓语动词形式没有这种限制。

Larke likes the pop music. 拉克喜欢流行音乐。（动词用单数第三人称形式）

Larke has nothing to do today. 拉克今天没什么事要做。（do 用原形）

非谓语动词的特征：

2 如果非谓语动词是及物动词，后面须跟宾语。

Studying English is my favorite. 学习英语是我的爱好。（studying 后跟宾语）

To help him is my duty. 帮助他是我的责任。（help 后跟宾语）

3 非谓语动词可以带有自己的状语或逻辑主语。

Working under such a condition is terrible.在这样的环境下工作太可怕了。(under such a condition 是working 的状语）

It's too difficult for him to master English in such a short time. 他在这么短的时间内掌握英语太难了。（for him 作不定式的逻辑主语）

4 非谓语动词仍有语态和时态的变化。

I am sorry to have kept you waiting long. 对不起让你久等了。（to have kept...是不定式的完成形式）

Seen from the mountain, the city looks much more beautiful.从山上看，这座城市美丽多了。（Seen from...是分词的被动形式

5 非谓语动词在句中可以当成名词或者形容词来使用。

Our coming made him happy. 我们的到来使他很高兴。（coming 起名词作用）

There are two big swimming pools here. 这儿有两个大型游泳池。(swimming 起形容词作用）非谓语动词的形式变化：

不定式主动被动

一般 to write to be written

进行 to be writing /

完成 to have written to have been written

完成进行 to have been writing /

现在分词主动被动

一般 writing being written

完成 having written having been written

动名词主动被动

一般 writing being written

完成 having written having been written

动名词是由动词原形+ ing 构成，同现在分词形式一样，在句中可作主语，宾语，表语和定语。

1) 动名词作主语：

Talking like that is not polite. 那样谈话不礼貌。

Learning from others is important . 向别人学习很重要。

Putting on more clothes is not so good . 多穿衣服不一定好。

动名词可以象动词不定式一样，用it 先行祠代替，而把动名词写在后面。

It's no use waiting here, let's go home. 在这儿等着也没用，我们回家吧。

It's very difficult climbing this mountain. 爬这座山很困难。

2) 动名词作表语

The nurse's job is looking after the patients. 护士的工作是护理病人。

Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。

3) 动名词作宾语

有些动词须用动名词来作宾语,它们是begin, mind, suggest, finish, stop, need, enjoy, miss, keep.

Please stop smoking in the house. 请不要在家里抽烟。

I like reading in the forest. 我喜欢在树林里读书。

Do you mind my opening the windows? 你介意我打开窗户吗？

She is found of collecting stamp. 她喜欢集邮。

4）动名词作定语

She is studying in the reading room. 她在阅览室学习。

He slept in the sleeping bag. 他在睡袋里睡觉。

动名词的否定形式：not + 动名词

He pretend not knowing it at all. 他假装全然不知。

We considered not doing it now. 我们考虑现在不做这件事。

动名词的时态：

动名词的一般时动名词的一般时表示动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生，或在谓语动词的动作之后发生。

I enjoy swimming in the big river. 我喜欢在大河里游泳。

I am used to watching TV in the evening. 我习惯于晚上看电视。

动名词的完成时动名词的完成时表示动作在谓语动词动作之前发生。

She regret not having studied the computer hard. 她后悔没有努力学习计算机。

Do you remember having promised me that? 你记得给我许愿了吗？

动名词的被动形式：

当动名词和它的逻辑主语是被动关系时，用动名词的被动形式来表示。

His being looked down upon made him sick. 他被人冷落使他很伤感。

I can't really stand being treated like that. 我简直受不了这样的对待。

动名词的几个特殊情况：

1) 有些动词的后面能跟动名词做宾语，有些动词能跟不定式，有些两者都可以，它们的具体含义有时还不一样。

能跟动名词的动词有：