英语口译常用的笔记符号

英语口译常用的笔记符号Note-taking symbols and abbreviations for your reference一、做口译笔记时的注意事项1.口译笔记应记要点，切忌求记“全”。

口译笔记是记忆的延伸或补充，不应也不必取代记忆。

口译笔记的主要内容是概念、命题、名称、数字、组织机构和逻辑关系（如大小、先后、正反、上下、升降、因果关系等），笔记单位以表达意群的词语和符号为主。

2.口译笔记求快求精，但不可潦草。

3.口译笔记可使用来源语，也可使用目标语，也可以双语兼用。

只要有利于口译的准确性和流利性，不必拘泥于某种文字或符号。

例如，“联合国大会”可笔录为“UN”或“联大”。

4.口译笔记使用大量常见略语，例如：cf（compare），Co （company），eg（for example），etc（and so on），esp（especially），ie（that is），max （maximum），min（minimum），ref（reference），std（standard），usu （usually），等。

二、常用速记符号速记是一项特殊的技巧，速记语言是由一套完整的符号组成的体系。

在口译实践中逐步掌握一些简单的速记符号是有益的。

口译成功与否在很大程度上取决于译员在口译表达前对感知的信息进行记录的能力。

记录分为“脑记”和“笔记”两种。

人脑的记忆由短时记忆和长时记忆两部分组成。

顾名思义，短时记忆是一种操作性的暂时记忆，长时记忆属于一种储存性的永久记忆。

影响一个人短时记忆的因素很多，其中最主要的因素是记忆内容的意义性。

即便是当感知的信息有意义时，人的短时记忆只可容纳由二十多个单词组成的句子，或者一组十位数的数字。

因此，对于口译工作者来说，完全依赖人脑的记忆能力是危险的，记笔记便显得十分重要。

in Note takingUse only theabbreviations that fit your needs and that you will remember easily. A good idea is to introduce only a few abbreviations into your note taking at a time.Symbols helpful in math -- these are commonly used in texts andreferences.S =sumf =frequencyLeave out periods in standard abbreviations.cf =comparee.g. =exampledept =departmentUse only the first syllable of a word.pol =politicsdem =democracylib =liberalcap =capitalismUse entire first syllable and only 1st letter of 2nd syllable.pres =presentationsubj =subjectind =individualcons =conservativeEliminate final letters. Use just enough of the word to form a recognizable abbreviation.assoc =associatebiol = biologyinfo = informationach = achievementchem = chemistrymax = maximumintro = introductionconc = concentrationmin =minimumrep =repetitionOmit vowels, retain only enough consonants to give a recognizableskeleton of the word.ppd =preparedprblm =problemestmt =estimatebkgd =backgroundgvt =governmentUse an apostrophe in place of letters.am't =amountcont'd =continuedgov't =governmenteducat'l =educationalForm the plural of a symbol or abbreviated word by adding s.chpts =chaptersegs =examplesfs =frequenciesintros =introductionsUse g to represent ing endings.ckg =checkingestg =establishingdecrg =decreasingexptg =experimentingSpell out short words such as in, at, to, but, for, and key.Abbreviations or symbols for short words will make the notes toodense with shorthand.Leave out unimportant words.Leave out the words a and the.If a term, phrase, or name is written out in full during the lecture, substitute initials whenever the term, phrase, or name isused again. For example, Center for Aerospace Sciences becomes CASthereafter.Use symbols for commonly recurring connective or transitional words.&= andw/ =withw/o =withoutvs =against\ =therefore= =is or equalUse technical symbols where applicable.zb = German, for exampleibid =Latin, the same worko =degreesH2O =waterMore reference:Use standard maths, accounting, and science symbols. Examples:+ plus// parallelUse standard abbreviations and leave out full stops. Examples:eg exampleIT dept Information Technology departmentUK United KingdomUse only the first syllable of a word. Examples:mar marketingcus customercli clientUse the entire first syllable and the first letter of the second syllable. Examples:subj subjectbudg budgetind individualTo distinguish among various forms of the same word, use the firstsyllable of the word, an apostrophe, and the ending of the word. Examples:tech'gy technologygen'ion generalisationdel'y deliveryUse just enough of the beginning of a word to form a recognisableabbreviation. Examples:assoc associatedach achievementinfo informationOmit vowels from the middle of words, retaining only enough consonants to provide a recognisable skeleton of the word. Examples:bkgd backgroundmvmt movementprblm problemForm the plural of a symbol or abbreviated word by adding 's.' Examples:custs customersfs frequencies/s ratiosUse 'g' to represent 'ing' endings. Examples:decrg decreasingckg checkingestblg establishingSpell out, rather than abbreviate short words. Examples: inbutaskeyLeave out unimportant verbs. Examples:iswaswereLeave out unnecessary articles. Examples:aantheIf a term, phrase, or name is initially written out in full during the talk or meeting, initials can be substituted whenever the term,phrase, or name is used again. Example:January Advertising Campaign Budget JACBUse symbols for common connective or transition words. Examples:@ at2 to4 for& andw/ withw/o withoutvs againstCreate your own set of abbreviations and symbols. You may wish todevelop separate sets of symbols and abbreviations for different courses or subjects.Other Symbols and Abbreviationsas a result of / consequences of<--->resulting in --->and / also +equal to / same as =following ffmost importantly *less than <greater than > especially esp/一、缩略词英语当中缩略词使用的频率很高，如IMP: important, ASAP:as soon aspossible。