英语六级作文写作技巧——主体段展开方法一罗列法

【主体段展开方法一：罗列法】罗列法是英文写作中最基本的一种，掌握此方法有助于其他方法的掌握。

要陈述一系列的事实或观点时，可以把各项内容的相对重要性、危害性或利弊等按照逻辑顺序（重要性递增或重要性递减）排列。

为了避免句型的单调重复，需要采用句子的衔接与过渡手段（transitional signals）。

一、有关事物的重要性英美人士喜欢把最次要的放在最前面，最重要的放在最后面，这种递进法使展开部分达到高潮，会给读者留下深刻的印象。

Why We Needn’t Worry Too Much About AidsNowadays people turn pale at the mention of Aids, for they think it is more dangerous than cancer in that cancer is not infectious but Aids is in infectious. Actually it can be prevented and we needn’t be frightened of it. There are many factors that may account for this statement, but the following are the most typical ones.First, the Aids virus is infected through blood, saliva（涎，唾液）and sexual intercourse. So long as we don’t abuse drug through intravenous injection（静脉注射）, kiss or have sexual intercourse with an Aids patient, we can prevent Aids. Besides, the Aids virus cannot exist out of the human body. Out of the human body it will soon die, especially in the sunlight. Therefore we will not be infected with Aids by touching the thing an Aids patient has touched. Most important of all, the Aids virus cannot spread through air. We will not be infected with Aids simply because we stay in the same room with an Aids patient. In some countries there is no special isolation ward（隔离房）for Aids patients.In conclusion, so long as we know its regularity（规律）, we can prevent Aids. If we take precautions（预防措施）, we will not contract （感染）Aids.衔接与过渡手段（transitional signals）1）表示“首先”firstfirstlyfirst of allto begin within the first place（后接in the second place）for one thing (后接for another)2)表示“第二”、“此外”、“其次”、“况且”secondsecondlybesideswhat’s morefurthermorein additionin addition to + 第一点（用名词短语概括的内容）another + 名词短语an additional + 名词短语besides + 名词短语3) 表示“最后”Finally不可用at last或in the end(4) 表示“最重要的是”The most important reason is …most important of allabove allthe most essential …（5）表示“总之，总而言之”on the wholein conclusionin shortin briefin a wordin summaryto summarizeto sum up(6)表示“纵上所述”from the foregoingfrom what has been discussed abovefrom the above analysis【Assignment】Qualities of s Good Student二、有关事物的危害性The Harmful Effects of Global WarmingIt is reported from different media that global warming could bring about a number of serious problems.To begin with, rising global temperatures are expected change precipitation and other local climate conditions. Scientific reports have already proven that rising global temperatures could alter forests, crop yields, and water supplies and that there is likely to be an overall trend toward more intense rainstorms in one place and drier soils in another.To make matters worse, air pollution could get much worse. All areas, not just major cities, could see an increase in the pollutants and a higher frequency and severity of lung diseases. It could also affect animals and many types of ecosystems. Worst of all, global warming could contribute to the rising of sea level, endangering or destroying coastal areas like Indonesia, where more than 45 million people live at coastal elevations within a meter of sea level.Therefore, global warming is one of the most serious challenges facing us today. For economic and environmental reasons, and above all to save human lives, we should take drastic measures to prevent this problem becoming worse.三、有关事物的利弊讨论事物的利弊时，可采用以下套路：【套路1】Nowadays, 所要讨论的话题_(_单词或短语____)_ plays/play an important role / part in people’s life. Like everything else, ______所要讨论的话题_______ has/have both favorable and unfavorable aspects. Generally, the advantages can be listed as follows.First,第一个好处（完整的句子）______________________________________________________________ ____________________ . Besides, ___第二个好处_（完整的句子）______________________. Most important of all, 第三个好处___（完整的句子）______________________________________________________________ _______________________ .But every coin has two sides. The unfavorable aspects are also apparent. To begin with, 第一个坏处__（完整的句子）_______________________ . To make matters worse,第二个坏处__（完整的句子）___________________ . Worst of all, 第三个坏处__（完整的句子）_______________________ _________ .From / Through the above analysis（From what has been discussed above）, I believe /I am convinced that the positive aspects / the advantages outweigh the negative aspects / the disadvantages. Therefore, 结论_____________________________________________.【套路2】Recently, there is considerable discussion on /about / with regard to _所要讨论的话题(_单词或短语____)_______. Like everything else所要讨论的话题(_单词或短语____)_______ has/have both favorable and unfavorable aspects. Generally speaking, the advantages can be listed as follows.First, 第一个好处_（完整的句子）_________________________________________________ .In addition /furthermore /moreover,第二个好处_(_完整的句子)_____________________. Most important of all, 第三个好处__(_完整的句子)_______________________ ______________________________________________________________ ___________________ .But every coin has two sides. The unfavorable aspects are also apparent. To begin with, 第一个坏处_________________________ . To make matters worse,第二个坏处_____________________________________________________ . Worst of all, 第三个坏处_________________________ _________ .From / Through the above analysis, （或：From the foregoing / From what has been discussed above）I believe / I am convinced that the positive aspects / the advantages outweigh the negative aspects / the disadvantages. Therefore, 结论__________________________________________.【套路3】Nowadays /Recently, 所要讨论的话题_(_单词或短语)____ plays an important part in our daily life / is popular with / among / around us. Like everything else, ______所要讨论的话题_______ has/have both favorable and unfavorable aspects. Generally, the advantages can be listed as follows.In the first place,第一个好处（完整的句子）______________________________________________________________ ____________________ .In the second place,第二个好处_（完整的句子）______________________. Most important of all, 第三个好处___（完整的句子）______________________________________________________________ _______________________ .But every coin has two sides. The unfavorable aspects are also apparent. First, 第一个坏处__（完整的句子）_______________________ . To make matters worse,第二个坏处__（完整的句子）___________________ . Worst of all, 第三个坏处__（完整的句子）_______________________ _________ .Now the conclusion is self-evident. 所要讨论的话题has both problems and benefits / （或：Along with its benefits, 所要讨论的话题has also a number of problems.Therefore, 结论_______________________________________ _____________.【例文】On the InternetNowadays /Recently, the Internet plays an important part in our daily life / is popular with / among / around us. Like everything else, the Internet has both favorable and unfavorable aspects. Generally, the advantages can be listed as follows.In the first place, internet has greatly enhanced our work efficiency, especially in our daily business activities.In the second place, the Internet enables people to collect more and more useful information within a very short period of time. Most important of all, it is the Internet that is making our world smaller and improving the unification of global economy.But every coin has two sides. The unfavorable aspects are also apparent. First, a lot of students spend an excessive amount of time on the Internet, neglecting their studies and health. To make matters worse, numerous fake products are advertised on the Internet. Worst of all, some people may commit crimes on the Internet and make some companies or even some countries suffer a severe economic loss.Now the conclusion is self-evident. The Internet has both problems and benefits / （或：Along with its benefits, The Internet has also a number of problems）.T herefore, It is advisable that some rules of the Internet be laid down to stop the Internet misconduct. Only in this way can we enjoy the advantages of the Internet.【套路4】陈述句，说明所要讨论的话题的重要性. As every coin has two sides, 所要讨论的话题is no exception. Generally speaking, the advantages of所要讨论的话题can be listed as follows.To begin with,第一个好处（完整的句子）______________________________________________________________ ____________________ ,and what is more, （【注】如果用Furthermore / Moreover /In addition替换“and what is more”，习惯上将and前的逗号改为句号“.”）第二个好处_（完整的句子）______________________. Most important of all, 第三个好处___（完整的句子）______________________________________________________________ _______________________ .While we mention the advantages of 所要讨论的话题, we cannot ignore its disadvantages. Firstly, 第一个坏处__（完整的句子）_________________. To make matters worse, 第二个坏处__（完整的句子）___________________ . Worst of all, 第三个坏处__（完整的句子）_______________________ _________ .In conclusion, whether good or bad, the tendency that 具体说明什么趋势can not be stopped at least in a few years ahead. Therefore, 结论______________________________________________________________ _______.【例文】On the InternetThe Internet, as a symbol of modern civilization, is playing a vital part in the daily activities of human society. As every coin has two sides, the Internet is no exception. Generally speaking, the advantages of the Internet can be listed as follows.To begin with, internet has greatly enhanced our work efficiency, especially in our daily business activities. Furthermore, the Internet enables people to collect more and more useful information within a very short period of time. Most important of all, it is the Internet that is making our world smaller and improving the unification of global economy.While we mention the advantages of the Internet, we cannot ignore its disadvantages. First, a lot of students spend an excessive amount of time on the Internet, neglecting their studies and health. To make matters worse, numerous fake products are advertised on the Internet. Worst of all, some people may commit crimes on the Internet and make some companies or even some countries suffer a severe economic loss.In conclusion, whether good or bad, the tendency that the Internet is appealing to more and more people can not be stopped at least in a few years ahead. Therefore, It is advisable that some rules of the Internet be laid down to stop the Internet misconduct. In this way alone can we enjoy theadvantages of the Internet.四、解决问题的方法（How to…题型）【套路1】目前的现象及存在的问题（2至3个句子）______________________________________________________________ __________________________________ .Many ways can contribute to 要解决的问题，but the following ones may be most effective/quite effective. First oof all, 第一种方法__（完整的句子）__________________________________________________________. In addition, 第二种方法（不定式短语）_____________ . Finally, 第三种方法__（完整的句子）_________________________________________Those /These are not the best and the only three ways we can adopt. But it should be noted that 使用这些方法时要注意的事项____________________________________________.【例文】How to Eliminate Fake DiplomasNowadays, in job markets, employers in all walks of life lay great/considerable emphasis on their candidates’educational background. A growing number of candidates, however, are using a variety of fake diplomas. It’s unfair that one fails to get his job just because his rival has got a fake diploma or certificate. Therefore, fake diplomas do great harm to the job market.Many ways can contribute to solving the serious problem，but the following ones may be most effective/quite effective. First of all, companies and universities should have a close contact so that fake diplomas cannot play tricks. In addition, the one who fabricates the fake diplomas should be severely punished by law and totally exposed through media. Finally, the one using a fake diploma in seeking employment should be disqualified from the job market for at least one or two years. That may teach a lesson to others.Those /These are not the best and the only three ways we can adopt. But it should be noted that we should take strong /vigorous/effective actions to prohibit fake diplomas.【例文】How to Eliminate Fake DiplomasIt is reported the flooding of fake diplomas is becoming a serious problem recently. When employers lay much emphasis on their candidates’ education background, a variety of/ different kinds of diplomas emerge / appear in society. It is unfair that one fails to get his job just because his rival has got a fake diploma or certificate. Therefore, fake diplomas do harm to the job market.Many ways can contribute to solving this problem, but the following ones, in my opinion, may be most effective.First of all, companies and universities should have a close contact so that the fake diplomas cannot play tricks. In addition, those who fabricate the fake diplomas should be severely punished by law and totally exposed through media. Finally, those who turn to/ use/ resort to fake diplomas in finding jobs should be disqualified from the job market for at least two or three months. That may give a lesson to others.These are not the best and the only three measures we can take. But it should be noted that we should take strong actions to prohibit fake diplomas.【套路2】目前的现象及存在的问题. In order to solve this problem, several methods might be adopted.One of these is 第一种方法. Another approach is __ 第二种方法 . The most effective method is第三种方法.In conclusion, the methods I have mentioned above should never be separated from each other. 希望..【例文】How to Solve the Housing ProblemNowadays a large number of people are flooding into big cities. This phenomenon contributes to the difficulty and shortage of urban housing.In order to solve this problem, several methods might be adopted.One of these is that more houses should be constructed to satisfy the need of the dense population in cities. If, however, there is not enough space in the center of cities, the suburb may be considered. And in order for suburban houses to become better places for people to inhabit, it is necessary/advisable To establish /build / set up correspondent facilities such as bus lines, schools, hospitals and supermarkets. Another approach is to renovate all thoseshabby houses. It is time to enhance the quality of houses and to improve the living conditions of citizens. The most effective method is the improvement of the welfare system. Bank loans for buying houses should be accessible to ordinary people. And the government should make rules to decrease the rent so that vacant rooms can be available to low-income tenants.In conclusion, the methods I have mentioned above should never be separated from each other. I sincerely hope that effective actions should be taken by the government. The sooner, the better.【Assignment】How to Solve the Problem of Overpopulation【作文预测】How to Eliminate False AdvertisementsNowadays, some advertisers take advantages of newspapers, radio and television programs to do false advertisements which boast their products by over-praising their quality or exaggerating their function. These advertisements mislead consumers and damage the credit of business.Many ways can contribute to solving this serious problem, but the following ones may be most effective. First of all, before they are published, all the advertisements must be censored by the authorities concerned to see whether they conform to their products. The advertisements must be objective and scientific and irrelevant propaganda must be forbidden. Besides, the mass media should be advised not to accept any advertisements merely for the sake of money. They should be selective and discriminating in publishing advertisements. Finally, laws should be passed to restrain false advertisements. Whoever publishes false advertisements must bear the legal responsibility.These are not the best and the only three measures we can take. But it should be noted that we should take strong actions to eliminate false advertisements and protect consumers’ interests.。