英语语法--语法术语

language 语言interjection 感叹词grammar 语法head (headword) 中心词sentence 句子noun phrase 名词词组clause 分句verb phrase 动词词组phrase 词组adjective phrase 形容词词组word 词adverb phrase 副词词组morpheme 词素prepositional phrase 介词词组segmentation 切分法simple verb phrase 简单动词词组free morpheme 自由词素complex verb phrase 复杂动词词组simple word（morpheme

word）

简单词（单词素词）finite verb phrase 限定动词词组compound word 复合词tense 时

compound noun 复合名词person 人称

compound adjective 复合形容词number 数

compound verb 复合动词non-finite verb phrase 非限定动词词组compound adverb 复合副词premodifier 前置修饰语compound pronoun 复合代词postmodifier 后置修饰语compound conjunction 复合连词complementation 补足成分

compound preposition 复合介词independent clause 独立分句inflectional affix 屈折词缀dependent clause 从属分句derivational affix 派生词缀simple clause 简单分句prefix 前缀simple sentece 简单句

infix 中缀complex clause 复杂分句

suffix 后缀complex sentece 复杂句allomorph 词素变体main clause 主句

closed class 封闭词类subordinate clause 分句

function word 功能词finite clause 限定分句preposition 介词non-finite clause 非限定分句pronoun 代词verbless clause 无动词分句determiner 限定词full sentence 完全句

conjunction 连词minor sentece 不完全句

auxiliary 助动词compound sentence 并列句

open class 开放词类compound-complex sentence 并列复杂句content word 实义词clause element 分句成分noun 名词basic clause type 分句基本类型

adjective 形容词subject

（compound subject）主语

(并列主语)

adverb 副词predicate

（compound predicate）谓语

(并列谓语)

main verb 主动词predicate verb 谓语动词

cardinal numeral 基数词object

（direct object/indirect object）宾语

(直宾/间宾)

ordinal numeral 序数词complement(subject/object complement)补语(主补/宾补)

adverbial 状语indefinite article 不定冠词SVC, SV, SVO, SV oO, SVOC,SV A, SVOA zero article 零冠词concord/agreement 一致possessive determiner 物主限定词subject-verb agreement 主动一致/主谓一致genitive noun 名词属格grammatical concord 语法一致原则demonstrative determiner 指示限定词notional concord 意义一致原则relative determiner 关系限定词principle of proximity 就近原则interrogative determiner 疑问限定词coordinate subject 并列结构作主语indefinite determiner 不定限定词

noun phrase of amount or quality 表示数量概念的名词

词组

multiplicative numeral 倍数词

relative clause 关系分句fractional numeral 分数词

relative pronoun 关系代词quantifier 量词antecedent 先行项specific reference 特指

cleft sentence 分裂句generic reference 类指

focus element 中心成分definite specific reference 确定特指existential sentence 存在句anaphoric specific reference 前照应特指notional subject 实义主语cataphoric specific reference 后照应特指coordinate construction 并列结构situational reference 语境照应（特指）coordinate element 并列成分definite quantity 确定数量

simple noun 简单名词indefinite quantity 非确定数量compound noun 复合名词referential meaning 所指意义derivative noun 派生名词predeterminer 前位限定词common noun 普通名词central determiner 中位限定词individual noun 个体名词postdeterminer 后位限定词collective noun 集体名词person pronoun 人称代词material noun 物质名词subjective case 主格

abstract noun 抽象名词objective case 宾格

proper noun 专有名词genitive case 属格

countable/count noun 可数名词possessive pronoun (genitive pronoun)物主代词(属格代词) uncountable/non-count noun 不可数名词nominal genitive pronoun 名词性属格代词number 数possessive genitive pronoun 限定词属格代词singular number 单数reflexive pronoun 反身代词

plural number 复数reciprocal pronoun 相互代词

regular plural 规则复数demonstrative pronoun 指示代词irregular plural 不规则复数indefinite pronoun 不定代词partitive/unit noun 单位词/单位名词interrogative pronoun 疑问代词

case 格relative pronoun 关系代词common case 通格gender 性

possessive case/genitive case 所有格/（名词）属格masculine gender 阳性

independent genitive 独立属格feminine gender 阴性

double genitive 双重属格neuter gender 中性

determiner 限定词common gender 通性

definite airicle 定冠词noun of common gender 通性名词