report4郭小明 三维图形程序设计 电子科技大学

实验报告课程名称：三维图形程序设计学院：计算机科学与工程专业：计算机科学与技术指导教师：曹跃学生姓名：郭小明学号：2011060100010实验成绩：日期：2013年 5 月 3 日电子科技大学实验报告实验四OpenGL纹理映射编程实验实验室名称：A2—412 实验时间：2013.5.3一．实验目的1、理解OpenGL纹理映射的相关原理；2、掌握与纹理映射相关的OpenGL API函数及其用法；3、熟悉纹理映射设置的基本步骤。

二．实验内容（一）编程任务1——绘制一个具有纹理和光照的房间为在第三次实验中生成的房间（如上图）添加数字图像生成的纹理。

要求：1、使用纹理对象；2、墙壁、地板和天花板的数字图像生成的纹理要不相同；3、屋内至少有一个点光源；4、可用右键菜单交互式的开启或关闭场景光照和纹理；5、可用右键菜单设置纹理环境（GL_REPLACE和GL_MODULATE）。

分析这两种方式中哪种适宜于有光照的环境下。

6、三．实验要求1.实验前要做好充分准备；2.实验中独立完成源程序编辑、编译、链接过程，运行并记录程序运行结果；3.对程序结果进行分析。

四．实验报告1.OpenGL纹理映射的基本原理和思想；2.OpenGL纹理映射的基本步骤；3.编程任务1a)程序说明。

说明程序的功能、结构。

b)编制的应用程序上机调试的情况、上机调试步骤、调试所遇到的问题是如何解决的，并对编程过程中的问题进行分析，对执行结果进行分析。

c)写出源程序清单（详细注释）和执行结果。

d)实验结果的分析。

五、实验器材（设备、元器件）：Microsoft Windows XP Professional 版本2002 Service Pack 3VC++ 6.0六、墙壁原图片源程序：#include<math.h>#include<stdlib.h>#include<GL\glut.h>#include<stdio.h>#define SIZE 512GLint HITS;int flag_xyz = 1;int flag_light = 1;int mousex,mousey;float movex,movey,movez;typedef struct {GLubyte * image_data;GLsizei width;GLsizei height;} Data;Data* data[4];GLuint textures[4];float PI = 3.1415926;void display();void drawSphere(GLfloat,GLfloat,GLfloat,int);float wide=0.8,height=0.8,Dept=0.8;void init(){glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);glEnable(GL_NORMALIZE);glEnable(GL_COLOR_MATERIAL);glEnable(GL_TEXTURE_2D);//glPixelStoref(GL_UNPACK_ALIGNMENT,1);glGenTextures(4,textures);for(int i=0;i<4;i++){//printf("%d",textures[i]);glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D,textures[i]);glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D,0, GL_RGB, data[i]->width,data[i]->height , 0,GL_RGB, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE,data[i]->image_data);glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D,GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER,GL_LINEAR);glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D,GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER,GL_LINEAR);glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D,GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S,GL_REPEA T);glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D,GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T,GL_REPEA T);}}int wide_screen=300,height_screen=300;float eyex = 0,eyey = 0,eyez = 1.7;void reshape(int w, int h){wide_screen = w;height_screen = h;glViewport(0, 0, w, h);glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION);glLoadIdentity();gluPerspective(60,1,1,30);//3.设置视景体,glFrustumgluLookAt(eyex,eyey,eyez,0,0,0,0,1,0);glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);glLoadIdentity();float light_postion[4]={wide-0.2,height-0.2,-Dept,1};float light_ambient [4]={1.0,1.0,1.0,0.8};float light_diffuse [4]={1.0,1.0,1.0,0.8};float light_specular [4]={1.0,1.0,1.0,0.8};//float light_ambient [4]={0.6,0.6,0.6,0.5};//float light_diffuse [4]={0.4,0.4,0.4,0.5};//float light_specular [4]={0.8,0.8,0.8,0.5};float proxy[3] = {wide-0.2,height-0.2,-Dept};void createLightAndProxy(GLenum mode){glTranslatef(2*movex/wide_screen,2*movey/height_screen,2*movez/wide_screen);//设置光源相关glLightf(GL_LIGHT0,GL_CONSTANT_ATTENUA TION,1);glLightf(GL_LIGHT0,GL_LINEAR_A TTENUATION,0);glLightfv(GL_LIGHT0,GL_POSITION,light_postion);glLightfv(GL_LIGHT0,GL_AMBIENT,light_ambient);glLightfv(GL_LIGHT0,GL_DIFFUSE,light_diffuse);glLightfv(GL_LIGHT0,GL_SPECULAR,light_specular);if(mode == GL_SELECT){glLoadName(1);}if(flag_light == 1)drawSphere(proxy[0],proxy[1]-wide/12,proxy[2],1);glTranslatef(-2*movex/wide_screen,-2*movey/height_screen,-2*movez/wide_screen);if(mode == GL_SELECT){glLoadName(2);}}void create_wall(){//设置墙壁材质GLfloat Material_ambient[4]={0.2,0.2,0.2,1.0};GLfloat Material_diffuse[4]={0.8,0.8,0.6,1.0};GLfloat Material_specular[4]={0.2,0.2,0.5,1.0};GLfloat Material_shiness = 64.0;glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT_AND_BACK,GL_AMBIENT,Material_ambient); glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT_AND_BACK,GL_DIFFUSE,Material_diffuse); glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT_AND_BACK,GL_SPECULAR,Material_specular); glMaterialf(GL_FRONT_AND_BACK,GL_SHININESS,Material_shiness);glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D,textures[0]);glBegin(GL_QUADS);//近处的墙glColor3f(0.6,0.5,0.0);glNormal3f(0,0,-1);glTexCoord2f(0,0);glVertex3f(-wide,-height,Dept);glTexCoord2f(16,0);glVertex3f(wide,-height,Dept);glTexCoord2f(16,16);glVertex3f(wide,height,Dept);glTexCoord2f(0,16);glVertex3f(-wide,height,Dept);//右边的墙glColor3f(0.5,0.5,0.8);glNormal3f(-1,0,0);glTexCoord2f(0,0);glVertex3f(wide,-height,-Dept);glTexCoord2f(16,0);glVertex3f(wide,-height,Dept);glTexCoord2f(16,16);glVertex3f(wide,height,Dept);glTexCoord2f(0,16);glVertex3f(wide,height,-Dept);//左边的墙glColor3f(0.5,0.5,0.8);glNormal3f(1,0,0);glTexCoord2f(0,0);glVertex3f(-wide,-height,Dept);glTexCoord2f(16,0);glVertex3f(-wide,-height,-Dept);glTexCoord2f(16,16);glVertex3f(-wide,height,-Dept);glTexCoord2f(0,16);glVertex3f(-wide,height,Dept);//远处的墙glColor3f(0.5,0.5,0.8);glNormal3f(0,0,1);glTexCoord2f(0,0);glVertex3f(-wide,-height,-Dept);glTexCoord2f(16,0);glVertex3f(wide,-height,-Dept);glTexCoord2f(16,16);glVertex3f(wide,height,-Dept);glTexCoord2f(0,16);glVertex3f(-wide,height,-Dept);glEnd();}void create_floor(){glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D,textures[3]);glBegin(GL_QUADS);glColor4f(0.4,0.3,0.3,0.6);glNormal3f(0,1,0);glTexCoord2f(0.0,0.0);glVertex3f(-wide,-height,Dept);glTexCoord2f(16.0,0);glVertex3f(wide,-height,Dept);glTexCoord2f(16.0,16.0);glVertex3f(wide,-height,-Dept);glTexCoord2f(0.0,16.0);glVertex3f(-wide,-height,-Dept);glEnd();}void create_quad(int i,int j){if((i+j)%2 == 1 )glColor3f(0.0,0.5,0.5);elseglColor3f(0.0,0.0,0.0);glBegin(GL_QUADS);glVertex3f(-wide/16,0,Dept/16);glVertex3f(wide/16,0,Dept/16);glVertex3f(wide/16,0,-Dept/16);glVertex3f(-wide/16,0,-Dept/16);glEnd();}void create_ceil(){GLfloat Material_ambient[4]={0.8,0.8,0.8,1.0};GLfloat Material_diffuse[4]={0.8,0.8,0.8,1.0};GLfloat Material_specular[4]={0.4,0.3,0.5,1.0};GLfloat Material_shiness = 1.0;glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT_AND_BACK,GL_AMBIENT,Material_ambient);glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT_AND_BACK,GL_DIFFUSE,Material_diffuse);glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT_AND_BACK,GL_SPECULAR,Material_specular);glMaterialf(GL_FRONT_AND_BACK,GL_SHININESS,Material_shiness);glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D,textures[1]);glBegin(GL_QUADS);glColor4f(0.4,0.3,0.3,0.6);glNormal3f(0,-1,0);glTexCoord2f(0.0,0.0);glVertex3f(-wide,height,-Dept);glTexCoord2f(16.0,0);glVertex3f(wide,height,-Dept);glTexCoord2f(16.0,16.0);glVertex3f(wide,height,Dept);glTexCoord2f(0.0,16.0);glVertex3f(-wide,height,Dept);glEnd();/************************************************************************/ /*采用纹理贴图的方式，就可以放弃循环画小图的方式了，下面的代码就不再使用*/ /************************************************************************/ /*int j =1;int i=1;glTranslatef(0,height,0);//glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D,textures[1]);glNormal3f(0,1,0);for(;j<=16;j++){glTranslatef(-wide+j*wide/8-wide/16,0,0);for(i=1;i<=16;i++){glTranslatef(0,0,-Dept+i*Dept/8-Dept/16);create_quad(i,j);glTranslatef(0,0,Dept-i*Dept/8+Dept/16);}glTranslatef(wide-j*wide/8+wide/16,0,0);}glTranslatef(0,-height,0);*/}void drawSphere(GLfloat xx=0,GLfloat yy=0,GLfloat zz=0,int flag=0) {GLfloat radius;if(flag == 0)radius=2*wide/8;elseradius=wide/16;GLfloat M=20;GLfloat N=20;float step_z = PI/M;float step_xy = 2*PI/N;float x[4],y[4],z[4];float angle_z = 0.0;float angle_xy = 0.0;int i=0, j=0;if(flag == 0)glColor3f(0.5,0.25,0);elseglColor3f(1.0,1.0,1.0);glBegin(GL_QUADS);for(i=0; i<M; i++){angle_z = i * step_z;for(j=0; j<N; j++){angle_xy = j * step_xy;x[0] = radius * sin(angle_z) * cos(angle_xy);y[0] = radius * sin(angle_z) * sin(angle_xy);z[0] = radius * cos(angle_z);x[1] = radius * sin(angle_z + step_z) * cos(angle_xy);y[1] = radius * sin(angle_z + step_z) * sin(angle_xy);z[1] = radius * cos(angle_z + step_z);x[2] = radius*sin(angle_z + step_z)*cos(angle_xy + step_xy);y[2] = radius*sin(angle_z + step_z)*sin(angle_xy + step_xy);z[2] = radius*cos(angle_z + step_z);x[3] = radius * sin(angle_z) * cos(angle_xy + step_xy);y[3] = radius * sin(angle_z) * sin(angle_xy + step_xy);z[3] = radius * cos(angle_z);for(int k=0; k<4; k++){glNormal3f(x[k],y[k],z[k]);glVertex3f(xx+x[k], yy+y[k],zz+z[k]);}}}glEnd();}void yuanzhui(){glTranslatef(-wide/2,-height,-Dept/2);glBegin(GL_TRIANGLE_FAN);glColor3f(0,0.25,0.5);glNormal3f(1,1,1);glVertex3f(0,height/1.2,0);for(int i=0;i<=32;i++){glVertex3f(0.2*cos(i*PI/16),0,0.2*sin(i*PI/16));}glEnd();glBegin(GL_TRIANGLE_FAN);glColor3f(0,0.25,0.5);glNormal3f(0,1,0);glVertex3f(0,0,0);for(int i=0;i<=32;i++){glVertex3f(0.2*cos(i*PI/16), 0.01 , 0.2*sin(i*PI/16));}glEnd();glTranslatef(wide/2,height,Dept/2);void createFurnishings(){glTranslatef(0,-height+2*wide/8,-Dept+2*Dept/8);drawSphere();glTranslatef(0,height-2*wide/8,Dept-2*Dept/8);yuanzhui();}void draw(GLenum mode){glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);if(flag_light == 1){glEnable(GL_LIGHTING);glEnable(GL_LIGHT0);}else{glDisable(GL_LIGHTING);glDisable(GL_LIGHT0);}createLightAndProxy(mode);create_wall();create_floor();create_ceil();createFurnishings();}void display(){glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT|GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION);glLoadIdentity();gluPerspective(60,1,1,30);gluLookAt(eyex,eyey,eyez,0,0,0,0,1,0);draw(GL_RENDER);glFlush();glutSwapBuffers();}int flag_move = 0 ;void process(GLint hits,GLuint buffer[]){unsigned int i, j;GLint names, *ptr;ptr = (GLint *) buffer;for (i = 0; i < hits; i++) { /* for each hit */names = *ptr;ptr+=3;for (j = 0; j < names; j++) { /* for each name */if(*ptr==1){flag_move = 1;}ptr++;}}}GLuint select_Buffer[SIZE];void mouse(int key,int state,int x,int y){GLint hits;GLint viewport[4];if(key == GLUT_LEFT_BUTTON && state == GLUT_DOWN){mousex = x;mousey = y;glGetIntegerv(GL_VIEWPORT,viewport);glSelectBuffer(SIZE,select_Buffer);glRenderMode(GL_SELECT);glInitNames();glPushName(0);glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION);glPushMatrix();glLoadIdentity();gluPickMatrix((GLdouble)x,(GLdouble)(viewport[3]-y),5,5,viewport);gluPerspective(60,1,1,30);gluLookAt(eyex,eyey,eyez,0,0,0,0,1,0);draw(GL_SELECT);glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION);glPopMatrix();glFlush();hits = glRenderMode(GL_RENDER);process(hits,select_Buffer);HITS = hits;glutPostRedisplay();}if(key == GLUT_LEFT_BUTTON && state == GLUT_UP) {flag_move = 0;}}void motion(int x,int y){if(flag_move == 0)return;else{switch(flag_xyz){case 1:case 2:movex = x-mousex+movex;movey = -y+mousey+movey;break;case 3:movez = x-mousex+movez;break;}glutPostRedisplay();mousex = x;mousey = y;}}void keyboard(unsigned char key,int x,int y){switch(key){case'x':eyex -=0.1;break;case'y':eyey -=0.1;break;case'z':eyez -=0.1;break;case'X':eyex +=0.1;break;case'Y':eyey +=0.1;break;case'Z':eyez +=0.1;break;case'h':case'H':flag_xyz = 1;break;case's':case'S':flag_xyz = 2;break;case'l':case'L':flag_xyz = 3;break;default:return;break;}glutPostRedisplay(); }void MenuFunc(int data) {switch(data){case 1:flag_light = 0;break;case 2:flag_light = 1;break;default:break;}glutPostRedisplay();}static GLint ImageWidth;static GLint ImageHeight;static GLint PixelLength;static GLubyte* PixelData;Data* imageInit(char * path_name){// 打开文件FILE* pFile = fopen(path_name, "rb");if( pFile == 0 ){printf("文件未找到");exit(0);}// 读取图象的大小信息fseek(pFile, 0x0012, SEEK_SET);fread(&ImageWidth, sizeof(ImageWidth), 1, pFile);fread(&ImageHeight, sizeof(ImageHeight), 1, pFile);// 计算像素数据长度PixelLength = ImageWidth * 3;while( PixelLength % 4 != 0 )++PixelLength;PixelLength *= ImageHeight;// 读取像素数据PixelData = (GLubyte*)malloc(PixelLength);if( PixelData == 0 )exit(0);fseek(pFile, 54, SEEK_SET);fread(PixelData, PixelLength, 1, pFile);// 关闭文件fclose(pFile);Data* rv = (Data *)malloc(sizeof(Data));rv->image_data = PixelData;rv->width = ImageWidth;rv->height = ImageHeight;return rv;}int Menu;int main(int argc,char ** argv){char* tupian[4]={"1.bmp","2.bmp","3.bmp","4.bmp"};for(int i=0;i<4;i++){data[i] = imageInit(tupian[i]);}glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_RGBA|GLUT_DOUBLE|GLUT_DEPTH);glutInit(&argc,argv);glutInitWindowSize(wide_screen,height_screen);glutCreateWindow(argv[0]);init();Menu = glutCreateMenu(MenuFunc);glutAddMenuEntry("关闭光源！",1);glutAddMenuEntry("打开光源！",2);glutAttachMenu(GLUT_RIGHT_BUTTON);glutDisplayFunc(display);glutKeyboardFunc(keyboard);glutMouseFunc(mouse);glutMotionFunc(motion);glutKeyboardFunc(keyboard);glutReshapeFunc(reshape);glutMainLoop();return 0;}七．实验结果：开灯之后的情况关灯之后的情况改变纹理和视角之后的情况八.总结、改进建议及心得体会：1、理解了OpenGL纹理映射的相关原理；2、掌握了与纹理映射相关的OpenGL API函数及其用法；3、熟悉了纹理映射设置的基本步骤。