Paraphrase(北京林业大学研究生英语学位考资料)

合集下载

2018年1月8日研究生学位考试题

北京林业大学2017—2018学年第1 学期学位考试试卷试卷名称：硕士英语一外班级学号姓名成绩试卷说明：1.本次考试为闭卷考试。

本试卷共计8 页，共7 大部分，请勿漏答；2.考试时间为150分钟，请掌握好答题时间；3.答题之前，请将试卷和答题纸上的考试班级、学号、姓名填写清楚；4.本试卷所有试题答案写在答题纸上，否则视为无效；5.答题完毕；请将试卷和答题纸正面向外对叠交回；不得带出考场。

考试中心提示：请你遵守考场纪律，参与公平竞争！Part I Listening (20 points, 1 point each)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear nine short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be read only once. Choose the best answer from the four choices given by marking the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your Answer Sheet.1. A. She had a drink with her elder brother.B. She has already given up drinking.C. She used to look like her elder brother.D. She didn’t drink with her elder brother.2. A. 68511688. B. 68156608.C. 86150608.D. 68156688.3. A. Listen to some soft music.B. Switch off the light.C. Help the woman out.D. Leave this room quickly.4. A. Supportive.B. Pleased.C. Hesitant.D. Opposed.5. A. She should go to see a doctor at once.B. She deserves his sympathy.C. She was allowed to give her presentation.D. She can ask the professor for an apology.6. A. It is perfect in each possible way.B. It can bring many good neighbors.C. It is nearer to her p arents’ home.D. It has advantages and disadvantages.7. A. They are of the same opinion.B. They are reading the same book.C. They are reading in the same room.D. They are writing about the same topic.8. A. She has no school assignment.B. She can’t go to the concert.C. She’d like to go to the concert.D. She will attend a concert next week.9. A. Read grammar books.B. Learn grammar from reading.C. Talk to native speakers.D. Do grammar exercises.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear two mini-talks. At the end of each talk, there will be some questions. Both the talks and the questions will be read to you only once. After each question, there will be a pause. During the pause, you must choose the best answer from the four choices given bymarking the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scored Answer Sheet.Mini-talk One10. A. Those with a three-year bachelor’s degree.B. Those with a master’s degree or its equivalents.C. Those with a potential to excel academically.D. Those who are new to academic research.11. A. By September 1 of each year.B. By December 15 of each year.C. In the fall of each year.D. By early March each year.12. A. The work of fellow researchers.B. Requirements for PhD oral defense.C. The school’s intellectual environment.D. Individual research interests of students.Mini-talk Two13. A. Purple and pink.B. Black and white.C. Red and yellow.D. Orange and blue.14. A. Calm. B. Excited. C. Creative. D. Alert.15. A. Curiosity. B. Creativity. C. Tranquility. D. Affection.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear a short lecture. Listen to the recording and complete the notes about the lecture. You will hear the recording twice. After the recording you are asked to write down your answers on the Answer Sheet. You now have 25 seconds to read the notes below. 16. Tourism c an be sustainable …… so that potential ____________ (two words) on the hostcommunity do not surpass the financial benefits. 17. The tourism industry also provides opportunities for small-scale businesses, which isespecially important in _______________ (two words).18. Tourism encourages the preservation of traditional customs, folk music and festivals that________________ (two words) have been lost.19. Tourism, particularly ecotourism, helps promote ________________ (three words) andnatural resources.20. It also helps generate funding for maintaining animal preserves and marine parks through________________ (two words) and guide fees.Part II Paraphrase (10 points, 2 points each)Directions: Read the following sentences and then paraphrase them.1.Unless you seem sincere when you give compliments during a conversation, you are notgoing to get a good response.2.It has long been known that Cairo is the most populous city on earth, but no-one knewexactly how populous it was until last month.3.This is likely to be an underestimate as the screening was voluntary and a number ofclients declined the screening altogether.4.Brown recommended that older adults structure their days by maintaining a regular cycleand planning activities that give them pleasure, purpose and a reason for living.5.In developed countries there are rigorous standards for food preparation, whereas inpoverty-stricken countries the main issue is the availability of adequate safe water.Part III Put the selected sentences in the correct order (10 points, 2 points each)Directions: The following passage is selected from the Abstract of a research paper. Please fill in the blanks with the appropriate sentences listed below the passage.1. __________________________________________________________________. In this paper we broadly characterize trends in global forest area by intensity of management, and provide an overview of changes in global carbon stocks associated with managed forests.2. __ _____________________________________________________________________. The area of global forests has declined by 3% since 1990 but the area of planted forest has increasedin all regions of the world and now accounts for almost 7% of global forest land. The area of primary forest, which is typically defined as lacking direct human influence, is about 34% of all forest land according to country reports, but the area is declining especially in South America and Africa because of human-caused habitat fragmentation and degradation. 3.________________________ __________________________________________. As a result of increasing management intensity, the area of unmanaged forest, typically defined as land lacking protected status or a management plan, dropped significantly since 1990 and now comprises only 21% of global forests. There have been significant increases in areas of forest used for non-wood forest products such as protection of soil and water, conservation of biodiversity, and provision of social services. Globally, timber production has been relatively stable since 1990, but increasing areas of forest used for non-wood forest products indicates that harvesting is taking place on a smaller proportion of the total forest area. 4._______________________________________________________________. Established forests currently offset about 30% of global emissions of CO2 from fossil fuel use, and there are mitigation opportunities involving forests that could increase the gross terrestrial C uptake from roughly 4.0 to 6.2 Pg C annually. 5. _____________________________________________ ______________________. In the future, indirect human influences such as increasing atmospheric CO2 and climate change, along with the direct effects of land management and projected increasing demand for wood biofuel, are likely to become increasingly important elements that influence land management strategies and the role of forests in the global carbon cycle.A. Concurrently, the area of naturally regenerated forest that is not classified as primary forest hasdeclined.B. We discuss different interpretations of ‘‘management’’ and highlight some important accountingand analysis issues.C. Global forests are increasingly affected by land-use change, fragmentation, changing management objectives, and degradation.D. However, our results suggest that a diversifying use of forest land may have significant consequences for maintaining or increasing the current rate of terrestrial carbon sequestration.E. Based on trends in the area of managed forest and regional studies, it is clear that historical and current forest management has been a very significant determining factor of current carbon stocks.Part IV Cloze (10 points, 1 point each)There is no doubt that air pollution is a global crisis: it causes an annual death 1 of 6.5 million. That is double the total number of people lost 2 HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis and malaria 3 , and four times the number killed on the world’s roads. Half the early deaths result from outdoor air pollution that is far more dispersed and harder to 4 .Air pollution has increased the 5 of mental illness, diabetes and kidney disease. It is even thought to be prematurely ageing the faces of city dwellers by accelerating wrinkles and age __6 . What’s worse, almost 90% of the world’s children live where outdoor air pollution 7__ WHO limits.Increasing efforts 8 global warming by cutting the fossil fuel consumption will help cut air pollution. Some major world cities are also doing something 9 traffic smog by setting dates 10 the worst polluting cars will be banned. The huge cuts in health costs that could be achieved with cleaner air are becoming better understood.1. A. amount B. sector C. toll D. equivalent2. A. in B. to C. for D. by3. A. combined B. united C. integrated D. connected4. A. deal B. cope C. cherish D. tackle5. A. incident B. incidence C. accident D. instance6. A. spots B. areas C. sections D. spans7. A. recedes B. succeeds C. exceeds D. precedes8. A. of fighting B. to fighting C. for fight D. to fight9. A. for B. with C. about D. from10. A. in which B. for which C. about which D. by whichPart V Reading Comprehension (20 points, 1 point each)Directions: In this part of the test, there are four short passages. Read each passage carefully, and then do the questions that follow. Choose the best answer from the four choices given and answer the questions on your Answer Sheet.Passage OneDespite the enormous contribution of the music industry to the UK economy and the huge benefits to children, the government remains quiet about its importance in schools, but instead announced plans to try mental health training for pupils recently. It has not dawned on politicians that this can be achieved through the arts.Music education has become harder to access since 2010, when new measures were introduced to boost the number of students studying science and languages, and since then the number of students taking music at A-level has dropped by about 9% as teachers homed in on “academic” subjects.Children are compelled to take up private tuition, putting those who cannot afford such lesso ns at a disadvantage. In 2014, the National Children’s Orchestra of Great Britain found that out of its members aged 7 to 13, nearly 70% of those at state school received private education. In 2012-13, only 10% of music students at universities came from black, Asian and minority ethnic backgrounds.But that’s not the only problem. For a creative subject, music has always been taught in a far too academic way, meaning that theoretical knowledge is the main route to advancement. While there are routes into musical careers for the untrained, there are also dozens of choirs and amateur collectives that put a huge focus on musical notation.This is an obscure, tricky language that can only be read by a small number of people, most of whom have benefited from private education. Children who cannot comprehend it are written off even when they are capable performers.The insistence on theoretical understanding is supported by the Associated Board of the Royal Schools of Music, which sets the most widely-used music exams. To meet its requirements, pupils must work through limited repertoires of old, mostly classical music, focusing their efforts on mastering musical literacy, above songwriting, composing or enjoyment.So there is not only a wealthy elite presiding over music, but an academic one, which decides what sort of knowledge and ability make children competent –even though, like artists, musicians vary immensely in their tastes, tools and learning mechanisms.Sure, we may not be able to tell the difference between a low sound and a high sound, but we can play our favorite songs. That is all I wanted from music.I worry that the current state of play means many children are locked out. As a discipline, music needs to attract a bigger crowd. Diversity breeds diversity, and teaching is where this needs to start.1.It can be inferred from the first two paragraphs that ______.A.politicians are aware of the importance of musicB.music education is worsening around the countryC.arts have little to do with mental health trainingD.students prefer music to science or languages2.Which of the following is NOT one of the problems with music education?A.Children have to receive private music education.B.Excessive weight is given to theoretical knowledge.C.Music tests focus on knowledge of classical music.D.Children are taught to write songs or compose music.3.In Paragraph Eight, the author expresses the belief that ______.A.learners of music should try to be professionalB.music can be learned from your favorite songsC.music is learned mainly for personal enjoymentD.many people actually know little about music4.The author argues in the last paragraph that ______.A.current teaching methods of music lack varietyB.classical music should be made more popularC.not everyone can become a great musicianD.music learning requires rigorous disciplines5.It can be inferred from this passage that advanced music education in the UK ______.A.has become much more accessibleB.will be written off from school curriculaC.is now mainly for the white and the wealthyD.is absolutely unnecessary in high schoolsPassage TwoYou can’t predict the future, but in Silicon Valley you can invent it. This is a popular saying at some companies that deliver digital delights. But underneath the surface of modernity, openness and progress there’s a problem that technology can’t fix. Relatively young white males overwhelmingly run Silicon Valley firms and are stealing our future.Facebook is more than a social hub. It has become an important centralizing authority for news. More than 40% of American adults rely on the social network to stay on top of the news. However, its trending news stories are softly manipulated by free-willed people.Another example of Silicon Valley bias is the almost complete absence of the female perspective. These large companies are really designing the future unless the many can introduce the few to some more diverse perspectives about what’s useful or important.Another big problem is that these corporations seem to know very little or care even less about other people. This bold claim has some basis in brain science –––all tech people are slightly autistic. Autism (自闭症) can be a useful trait for seeking technical brilliance, but becomes an obstacle if a general naiveté about human beings is translated directly into the design of products and services used worldwide.How digital technologies enhance or diminish our humanity depends largely upon how much developers of technologies care about their fellow beings.Privacy is a good example. If internet culture is autistic, this could explain how some companies can regard privacy as accidental damage, how some companies constantly ignore or offend customers, and how some technology companies can’t see that an open, connected and copyright-free world isn’t neces sarily better for everyone.Jonathan Franzen has said that the internet is “an incredible concentrator of wealth in the hands of the few while giving the appearance of voice and the appearance of democracy to people who are in fact being exploited by the t echnologies.”But if you’re an autistic corporation, you probably can’t see that “free” can come at a cost, that some privacy is fundamental to functioning government, that physical presence can matter or that some people don’t want to be online all the ti me or read everything on a screen.After all, technology is a choice, not a destiny. We shape our future by the decisions we make today. We still have time to push things along in any direction we wish, commanding, altering and deleting technologies as we see fit.6.Silicon Valley is mentioned in this passage to ______.A.highlight its important role in digital technologyB.list the digital delights that have been deliveredC.impress us with the young executives thereD.illustrate its profound influence on our future7.It can be inferred from Paragraph Two that Facebook ______.A.has been a reliable source of newsB.can determine the popularity of newsC.is no longer a social hub in the USD.is the fastest source of news reports8.According to Paragraph Four, autism ______.A.poses a big challenge to technical breakthroughsB.can hinder product design and services in some casesC.is a strong personality trait of all brilliant scientistsD.is prevalent among people engaged in brain science9.The central idea of Paragraph Six is that ______.A.technology companies care about our privacyB.the internet culture is by no means autisticC.technological advances will enhance humanityD.our humanity is diminished by tech companies10.This passage is intended to argue that young white males in Silicon Valley ______.A.can serve as role models worldwideB.are stealing the future from the othersC.cannot shape the future of any of usD.can help to make our future much betterPassage ThreeThe Department for Education is considering new penalties for students who plagiarise essays, for 50,000 students had been caught cheating on their university degrees in the three years before. With a generation paying£50,000 for their degree, is anybody surprised that a university education now feels like another asset that can simply be bought?Since tuition fees were introduced in the 1990s, a number of changes have taken place that have made the decision of whether to go to university more about your ability to afford it and less about your desire to learn.Fees have increased drastically since then, and scholarships have been removed for the poorest students, who will inevitably end up paying more, as it will take them longer to pay off their loans. This sends a very clear message to students: the right grades aren’t enough t o get you into university. You need money to pay for it. Buying essays is clearly wrong, but it feels like the logical extension of an education that comes with a high and rising price tag.For many people, university is about knowledge or self-improvement. The government insists that students will end up earning more if they go to university – and so, for many, a degree feels like a route to a career rather than an opportunity to learn. For students who feel they’re just buying a rubber stamp, what’s the p oint in putting in the effort?There are many ways to purchase your degree. You read your pre-decided list of writers, normally white male authors who have been on the list for years – often past the time when their novels felt culturally relevant or their theories genuinely held water. In fact, you don’t even have to read these writers – you can just go on to find a summary. Then you make some common criticisms that have probably been made by many others before.When large amounts of money are necessary to attend university, and degrees are increasingly described simply as a route to a profitable job, it’s not surprising that a pure interest in education is discarded.I find the sudden dismay about all this cheating a joke. Of course action should be taken - cheating is a serious offence. But we might want to ask how we got into this position in the first place. The £50,000 cost of a degree, rather than the comparative pennies spent on stolen essays, might be the first place to look.11. Cheating as mentioned in this passage mainly involves .A. taking others’ ideas as one’s ownB. copying answers from class notesC. receiving text messages on testsD. helping each other on a test12. The consequences of the rising tuition fees include the following except .A. weakened interest of students in learningB. a heavier financial burden on poor studentsC. harsher punishment for cheating on essaysD. the belief that a college degree is a commodity13. Paragraph Five is concerned with .A. how to buy a degree onlineB. how to plagiarize essaysC. how to use references onlineD. how to write a good thesis14. It seems to the author that .A. people should be tolerant of cheating on testsB. ways of cheating on tests have become diverseC. stealing essays is always expensive and riskyD. the high cost of a degree is the root of trouble15. The central idea of this passage is that .A. more students cheat, for a degree is considered a commodityB. rising tuition fees make higher education less accessibleC. cheating on university degrees has different causesD. plagiarism and cheating on tests should be punishedPassage FourRetail is tough. Customers have to be able to figure out which item will best suit their needs while retailers need to make sure their customers are happy enough with their purchases to keep them. One way to serve both needs is with a solid “try before you buy” system, which lets consumers get some hands-on time with items before committing to a full purchase. This is even more useful when customers are looking for big-ticket items like fancy wearables and high-end cameras. Big-box electronics retailer Best Buy has partnered with gadget rental startup Lumoid toprovide just such a system, which is due later this month.According to ReCode, Best Buy you will soon be able to rent items like cameras, wearables and audio devices with a featured button on Best Buy’s website. However, a Best Buy spokesperson confirmed to Engadget that a remotely controlled micro-aircraft will not be on offer through the rental service.Best Buy’s website will have a button that sends you to Lumoid’s site to manage the actual rental of these items, many of which may be “open box” returns instead of new items. You’ll earn about 20 percent of the rental price in Lumoid credits, which can then be applied to a purchase of the rented item. Best Buy gets to breathe new life into items people have already bought and customers get to check out big-ticket items for a low monthly fee.This new program could give Best Buy an advantage over Amazon, which does not currently offer a similar rental service. Letting customers rent a higher-priced item like a Sonos speaker, Sony Alpha camera or Apple Watch could get them the time they need with the device to decide if the purchase is worth it. Lumoid’s founder, Aarthi Ramamurthy, says that wear ables get the highest conversion rate from rental to purchase, with one in three renters deciding to buy after the try. We’ve reached out to Lumoid for more details on this partnership and will update this post.Have you found anything that catches your fancy online? Why not try Lumoid to save yourself money? Once you have purchased a gadget this way, you will wonder why such business was not started earlier. Remember that retail is not all about quality and price. In some cases, innovation is what counts.16. The first paragraph is intended to .A. point out the difficulty in retailB. introduce a new approach to retailC. compare Best Buy with LumoidD. give tips on the selection of goods17. The underlined words in Paragraph One probably mean a period of time that .A. is not only big-ticket, but also high-endB. is extremely uncomfortable but uniqueC. can provide direct practical experienceD. allows you to put your hands on something18. Which of the following is true about Lumoid?A. It is a well-known electronics retailer.B. It is a company that has a long history.C. Customers can rent almost anything.D. Items for rent are mostly returned goods.19. It can be inferred from Paragraph Four that .A. the “try before you buy” system worksB. Amazon is going to offer the same serviceC. wearables are not suitable for the rental serviceD. Lumoid alters some of the returned clothes20. Which of the following summarizes the main idea of this passage?A. You can rent cheap wearables at a low price at Lumoid.B. Best Buy will let you rent gadgets before purchase.C. Returned goods bring heavy losses to retailers.D. Rent a house or purchase a house? Try Best Buy.Part VI Translation (20 points)Section A (10 points)Directions: Put the following paragraph into Chinese. Write your Chinese version in the proper space on the Answer Sheet.There was once a town in the heart of America where all life seemed to live in harmony with its surroundings. The town lay in the midst of a checkerboard of prosperous farms, with fields of grain and hillsides of orchards where, in spring, white clouds of bloom drifted above the green fields. In autumn, oak and maple and birch set up a blaze of color that flamed and flickered across a backdrop of pines. Then foxes barked in the hills and deer silently crossed the fields, half hidden in the mists of the fall mornings.Section B (10 points)Directions: Put the following paragraph into English. Write your English version in the proper space on the Answer Sheet.低碳生活倡导人们在生活中减少二氧化碳的排放，是一种低能量、低消耗和低开支的生活方式。

北京林业大学 2014年“外国语言文学”硕士研究生招生考试大纲(英语翻译与英语国家文化)

1/4【育明教育】中国考研考博专业课辅导第一品牌官方网站： 1北京林业大学2014年“外国语言文学”硕士研究生招生考试大纲（英语翻译与英语国家文化）一、考试大纲的性质自2014年起，北京林业大学招收外语类（英语、日语）硕士研究生采取按一级学科“外国语言文学”招生的办法，即初试不再按“英语语言文学”和“外国语言学及应用语言学”两个二级学科招生考试。

英语翻译与英语国家文化是英语语言技能考试，是英语类考试报考我校“外国语言文学”学术型研究生的专业考试科目之一。

为帮助考生明确考试复习范围和有关的考试要求，特制定本考试大纲。

本考试大纲主要依据我国英语专业普遍开设的翻译和文化课程进行编制，适用于报考我校“外国语言文学”（方向01-07）硕士研究生的考生（方向08为日语类考生，考试科目和考纲另发）。

非英语专业报考本专业的考生，应参照英语专业的相关教材进行自学。

二、考试内容考生应掌握以下方面的内容：1.英汉互译能够熟练运用加词、减词、转类、换形、断句、合句、换序、转句、转态、正反等翻译手法，熟悉英汉语在词汇、语法、语义、语用、篇章、修辞等方面的差异，以及这些差异在翻译中的处理方法。

了解英汉语言的主要文化差异，以及翻译中处理各种文化问题和文化现象的方法。

能够进行叙事、科技、旅游、商务、新闻报道、社会问题、文学作品、传统文化等多种题材和体裁的英汉互译。

2/4【育明教育】中国考研考博专业课辅导第一品牌官方网站： 22.英语国家社会与文化英国、美国、加拿大、澳大利亚、新西兰五国概况、历史及社会文化知识。

三、考试要求本考试为翻译和基本专业知识相结合的考试，考生应掌握基本的英汉互译能力和英语国家社会文化方面的基本知识。

四、考试方式及时间考试方式为笔试，时间为3小时。

五、试卷结构试卷满分为150分，题型和分数分配如下：1.英译汉：50分，1-2篇，共约300英文词短文。

2.汉译英：50分，1-2篇，共约400汉字短文。

3.英语国家社会与文化：50分，选择题、填空题、解词、答题等形式。

北京林业大学研究生英语学位考听力、口语参考资料

北京林业大学研究生英语学位考听力参考资料Unit 1 HolidaysIntroduce one of your favorite holidays.Spring festival is my favorite holidays. I The festival is considered the most important one for Chinese people. It is on the first day of lunar year. It is also the day of reunion among family members. During these days, people would say "happy new year! or wish you make fortune! to each other. They would also visit their relatives and friends. Children would be given "red packets". Children would have more to eat and play than usual .Playing firecrackers is also a popular game for children.Unit 2 TravelIntroduce one of the tourist attractions in the world or China.The strange pines, absurd stones, sea of clouds and hot springs are the four wonders of Mt. Huangshan.Huangshan pines are seen in every corner of Mt. Huangshan. You will be amazed by their vitality and strength.Spectacular rocky peaks will inspire your imagination. Some look like human beings, animals or many other objects.The clouds are forever changing, from being like a mirror when all is calm to rolling waves when the wind is strong.To be able to refresh yourself in the hot springs on Mt. Huangshan must be one of the best ways of enjoyment and relaxation.Unit 3 EducationState your ideas on college education reforms in China.In China, college education has carried out reforms for several years. From the difficulty of graduates’ job hunting, we can see some problems on college education.First, it is good for college education paying more attention to students’ all-around development. But students always have an inaccurate recognition on it. They spend more time on campus activities and less time on specialty study. And their aim of study is just to get credits.Second, the exam in college especially the specialty exam is too easy compared to the need of application. If the colleges have strict standards for qualified graduates, maybe the students will study harder and master skills.Third, the college should provide as many practices as possible for students. The best way of study is to combine theory to practice. And it is the best method to examine the students’ level. Chinese education system has long been criticized of obliterating personality. The exam-oriented education ranked students more by their memory than creative minds. n being.Unit 4 TransportationTalk about the causes of Beijing’s traffic jams and some suggestions to solve the problem.1 With people's needs for transport facilities increasing substantially over the past few years,the road network in Beijing is far from rational. Population increasing2 In Beijing, most of the important political, commercial and cultural locations are concentrated in the area within the Fourth Ring Road and this is a root cause of today's heavy traffic load, according to Liu.3 private cars increasingSuggestions1.The commission is also working on plans to strengthen administration of both the transport industry and traffic order, 4 at the same time fostering a modern traffic consciousness among citizens.2 public transport using3 Construction of road infrastructure ,just like the overpass 4Unit 5 ComputersIs the booming of the Internet a blessing or a curse?On the positive side, the emergence of the Internet to make person-to-person communication more convenient in various forms.People could send E-mail,chat though instant messenger and logon the bbs to find the people they want to talk as well as to get useful information they need.Take ourselves for examples, if we are going to write thesis,we haveto search for lots of papers already been published.In this way it made our work easier.Another advantage is the online shops.Because there is no more rent, water and electricity fees topay,maybe the online shopping will be a bit cheaper.On the other side,we also have to admit that the network has brought us a number of negative factors. The Internet is inundated with ungraceful pictures and videos.At the sametime due to the well-developed search engines, it is easy to divulge private information.In China, "human meat search" is well-known for figuring out some bad guys have done bad things.Just because they have left few pieces information, a group of specilized people would find out their name, age, address or even their primary school report card.Online shopping also have disadvantages,for example, you can't try on the clothes or the shoes you want to buy,thereare online cheating and so much trouble in rejecting the goods.Unit 6 EnvironmentTalk about a major environmental problem in China.Nowadays the urgent environmental problem faced in China is connected with the water. Although from the whole nation China is rich in water resources, the average water consumption per person is only 1/4 compared with the world average level. According a recent survey,bothcities and villeges are suffered from water shortage, about 400 out of 660 cities lack water,with 136 having reported sever water shortage. The distribution of water resources is also not balancing, the south faces floods, while the north is drought.Not only lack in quantity, but also significant problem in the quality. Now the country is facing the fact that in partial improvement but overall still devastating. Water pollution could cause many other things,such as the sequencing environmental pollution, strained water resources and other public hazards.I remember in 2005,the leak of a chemical factory polluted the Songhuajiang.Not only affected the Chinese, but also neiboring Russian residents. The goverment paid a lot on this accident.Unit 7 SportsWhat has the Olympics 2008 brought to Beijing?In my own opinion,there are both positive and negtive influences to China.Because of the long history and bright culture,many foreigners are astonished by the 2008 Olympics opening ceremony.And there is no doubt that excellent jobs done by the numerous volunteers also win their deserved respects.Fortunately, I was a volunteer working at......Of course,the game brought many unfavorable memories.During the Olympics,there were many traffic restrictions and lots of the citizens had to change their schedual to go to work...The increasing numble of tourists also caused a heavy burden to the environment. Spent a lot of human and material resources,Inevitable wastage,Unit 8 Food and RestaurantsMake some comments on Chinese food and its culture.China is a country of great population,long history as well as vast territory.Due to the diversity of the climate,products and customs,there are widely different food styles and taste in local regions.There are four major dishes enjoy upper reputation.Color smelting taste is the features of Chinese food. Vivid kinds of restaurants judgement to a personUnit 9 Science and TechnologyDescribe one of your favorite scientific inventions widely used in life.NotebookUnit 10 JobsMake some comments on the difficulty of job hunting for college graduates.From the subjective aspects, there are two major facors resulting from the phenomenon.In myopinion,the key problem is that many graduates waste their time in colleges,and don't learn anything useful for their career.They lack ablities, so they can't find a job.I don't belive the student who done an excellent work both in study and social activities would acknowledge hard to find a occupation after graduate.I do not deny that the objective facts also exist.The high enrollment of college education cause the diploma less and less valuable.And also it is a pitty that the world economy is in the depreesion.Many cooperations reduce their bussiness which means not only they would downsizing there scale,but also recruit less employees。

北京林业大学翻译硕士基础英语考研模拟题

《翻译硕士英语》Part I. Vocabulary and grammar(1*30 points, 60 minutes)Section I Multiple ChoiceChoose from A, B, C or D the ONE that best completes the sentence and mark your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.1.The plane that in the storm was carrying a group of entertainers on route to the International Fine-art Works Exposition.A.crushedB.crashedC.crackedD.crafted2.On Labour Day the workers will march in through the town.A.processB.processionC.progressD.progression3.He ought to have had the strength to his feeling and the self-control not to lose his temper.A.reduceB.retainC.concealD.retrieve4.Please don‟t linger on the; keep moving along, and find your seat as quickly as possible.neB.corridorC.aisleD.isle5.The U-boat blockade England‟s food shortage during Word War II.A.aggregatedB.aggravatedC.aggrievedD.agonized6.The explanation given by the congressman yeaterday was not at all to us.A.satisfyB.satisfiedC.satisfactoryD.satisfying7.Her behavior make everyone nervous. She was always rushing to open doors and apologizing unnecessarily for any inconvenience that she might have caused.A.obliviousB.observantC.obsequiousD.obsolescent8.The teacher was to his trading of home assignments and his treatment of offenders.A.lenientB.mercifulC.pitifulD.sympathetic9.The snake smoothly through the luxuriant grass.A.creptB.crouchedC.strolledD.glided10.You‟d better not take his remarks too seriously, which apparently were .A.simultaneousB.substantialC.spontaneousD.sporadic11. He was completely by her tale of hardship.A.taken awayB.taken downC.taken inD.taken up12.The terrorists might have planted a bomb on a plane in Athens, set to when it arrived in New York.A.go offB.get offe offD.carry off13.The younger p erson‟s attraction to stereos cannot be explaned only familiarity with technology.A.in quest ofB.by means ofC.in terms ofD.by virtue of14.The monther said she would her son washing the dishes if he could finish his assignment before supper.A.let downB.let aloneC.let offD.let out15.Henry decided to presents at the beginning, which made me feel at lost.A.pass outB.pass awayC.pass intoD.pass on16.The driver the bus only just in time to avoid hitting the boy.A.pulled onB.pulled throughC.pulled downD.pulled up17.Much like others, the widow had to learn to a very small income.A.live up toB.live onC.live outD.live down18.Among the preparations, you first have to how many people should be invited to the wedding.A.figure onB.figure outC.relying onD.making out19.The entrance examination is very difficult, so only a small minority of candidates.A.get throughB.get inC.pass throughD.pass on20. their land, the Indians received goods and supplies.A. For exchangeB. To exchange forC. In exchange forD. With exchange for21.I appreciated the opportunity to study abroad two years ago.A.to have givenB.to have been givenC.having been givenD.having given22.I regret a present to my friend when he got married last month.A.to have not madeB.not makingC.not having madeD.having not made23.The teacher said, “It‟s ti me you your oral presentation.”A.beganB.should beginC.beginD.are beginning24.Art critics insisted he an illustrator rather than an artist.A.beB.would beC.should beD.was25.Had he worded harder, he the exams.A.must have got throughB.would have got throughC.would get throughD.could get through26.For many years, Spanish censorship did not allow Lorca‟s name to be mentioned or his works .A.beging publishedB.from publishingC.publishedD.to be published27.Not even a word concerning these important matters.A.he mentionedB.he mentionsC.did he mentionD.he does mention28.I ought to them about the news, but I forgot to do so.A.remember tellingB.remember having toldC.have remembered to tellD.have remembered telling29.It is only when you nearly lose someone fully conscious of how much you value him.A.do you becomeB.then you becomeC.that you becomeD.have you become30., he would have finished the work all by himself.A.Giving him enough timeB. Given him enough timeC. To give him enough timeD. Had he been given enough timePart II Reading Comprehension(2*20 points, 60 minutes)Read the following passages and answer the questions given at the end of each passage.Passage OneThe increase in leisure time, the higher standard of living, the availability of cars to a wider range of the population and, perhaps, a broadening of personal horizons have all contributed to a drastic change in the summer week-end habits of the British public. Now, on most Saturdays in the months loosely called summer, it is possible to see family saloons loaded with picnics and crammed to bursting with several generations of pleasure-bent …Smiths‟. Like competitors in some grossly disorganized rally, they nose their way through the neat drab streets of council estates, converging on the main roads, then crawl as best they can out into the open country and towards the coast. Congestion and the frustration of wasting precious time at the receiving end of someone else‟s exhaust fumes gets the pursuit of enjoyment off to bad start; tempers become frayed. Children, traditionally the target for fathers‟ ill-humor, are singled out for s pecial treatment. The past week‟s misdeeds are unearthed and magnified out of all reasonable proportion; mothers leap to their broods‟ defense and, before long, vows that never again will this outing be repeated are being hurled back and forth. Of course, by this time, the children have wisely extracted themselves from the argument and are quietly amusing themselves by looking at their irate elders or gaping at the unfamiliar sight of animals in fields, often so much stranger to them than the corresponding naked shapes they are wont to see in butchers‟ windows. Eventually, tempers partially restored, the sea is in sight. The paraphernalia of enjoyment is set up on teeming beach, sand mysteriously appears in every sandwich, pale industrial legs are exposed in self-conscious nakedness.The children drift away, quite capable of finding enough magic in this exciting, watery world to occupy them fully until they are gathered in again. Fathers and mothers, and quite possibly some members of a previous generation, settle back to receive the sun and dream away the tensions brought to a climax by the journey. Fathers eye with furtive lustfulness and mothers glare with disapproval and envy as the shapely matrons of tomorrow splash and play and race coquettishly around them, spraying water and sand and disturbing any hopes of peace.At length the shadows drop and chill in the air brings an end to the idyll. The lobster skin is painfully covered up and the day‟s debris half-heartedly collected. The family is rounded up and the brief dreams trodden into the sand along with the wasted paper.31. The writer suggests that tempers become frayed because ________.A. there are too many careless drivers on the roadsB. there are too many cars on the roadsC. the cars are crowdedD. the children are irritating32. How do the fathers react when angry?A. They stop the children misbehaving.B. They complain about the children‟s wrongdoing.C. They are easy to quarrel with the mothers.D. They shout at their wives.33. What do they find when they finally stop?A. There are sandwich stalls erected there.B. There are factory workers sunbathing.C. The beach is very crowded.D. The beach is covered with a lot of paraphernalia.34. Why are mothers liable to give disapproving looks?A. They resent their husbands‟ admiration of the intruders.B. They are angry at being disturbed when they want peace and quiet.C. They haven‟t yet recovered from the effects of the journey.D. They are jealous because these people are in better shape than they are.35. When they prepare to leave, they ________.A. carefully pack away the lobsters they have caughtB. put plasters on the places where they have been hurtC. cover over their debris with waste paperD. dress carefully to avoid any further irritationPassage TwoEvery market activity is an investment in time, energy and money. Few Companies would spend a large sum of money on, say, a purchase of capital equipment without a full investigation into why it is needed, the choices available, and the expected return on what has been spent. Yet every year the vast majority of companies invest a large amount of money in marketing actions without knowing what their financial worth to the company or likely return will be. By introducing the disciplines arising from market planning, a company should be able to ensure that the costs of marketing planning show a reasonable return and are calculated in the same way as all other business investments.Many managers believe that the costs of marketing form an additional expense that has to be accepted in order to sell their goods. Whilst it is true that many companies use certain tools of marketing for this purpose, it is also true that the most successful companies accept marketing as an essential part of the company‟s t otal commercial operation, for it is an essential cost in the same way as production or finance. Companies often avoid planning marketing procedures in detail because of the effort needed to express their forward policy in a written form. Managers commonly consider that their time is too valuable to spend on anything other than urgent operational problems. In fact, the manager who spends his time on dealing with current administrative detail is almost certain to have ignored proper planning in the past. For, if properly prepared, the marketing plan will contain sufficient details of the company‟s policy and operational strategy for the work to be done by an assistant. As the many alternative courses of action are programmed, the assistant takes any actions or decisions which are appropriate. Only unusual situations need be dealt with by the manager.The first step in preparing a marketing plan is that of producing the informationnecessary for decision making. Usually, a company will have within its own admin istration and control system the raw material necessary for the plan‟s foundations. In addition, there is plenty of published information which is made available by government departments, institutions and the press.Marketing research is yet to be fully exploited by the majority of companies. It has so far only been used by companies that have recognized that their existing information sources are inadequate. Because of the scale of operations that now confronts the typical businessman, it is essential that investment decisions are based upon relevant information, so reducing the business risk.For a marketing-oriented activity to produce lasting results the entire operation has to be systematically planned. By producing basic information in written form and establishing aims for the future, the company is creating standards against which actual performance can be measured. Documentation of detailed policy actions then provides the basis for controlling the company‟s operation. Future trends may be predicted through the investigation of all factors likely to influence company results.36. The amount of money spent on marketing by most companies each year _____.A. equals the amount spent on capital equipmentB. does not give a good return on the investmentC. is not based on an assessment of its potential valueD. is viewed by these companies as an important business investment37. Managers usually regard the costs of marketing as _____.A. something which increases the cost of goodsB. helpful but not essenti al to a company‟s successC. less important than investment in productionD. an unnecessary extra business cost38. Why are marketing plans not written down by many managers?A. They do not have time to do it.B. They know it would be difficult to do.C. They never follow any particular marketing plan.D. They do not think it is really necessary39. Good marketing procedures allow a manager _____.A. to take different courses of actionB. to do less work than othersC. to avoid unforeseen problemsD. to give more responsibility to others40. How should a manager begin writing a marketing plan?A. By doing market research outside the company.B. By looking at information produced by other companies.C. By analyzing procedures already used by the company.D. By finding information from many different sources.Passage ThreeIn addition to urge to conform which we generate ourselves, there is the external pressure of the various formal and informal groups we belong to, the pressure to backtheir ideas and attitudes and to imitate their actions. Thus our urge to conform receives continuing, even daily reinforcement. To be sure, the intensity of the reinforcement, like the strength of the urge and the ability and inclination to withstand it, differs widely among individuals. Yet some pressure is present for everyone. And in one way or another, to some extent, everyone yields to it.It is possible that a new member of a temperance group might object the group‟s rigid insistence that all drinking of alcoholic beverages is wrong He might even speak out, reminding them that occasional, moderate drinking is not harmful, that even the Bible speaks approvingly of it. But the group may quickly let him know that such ideas are unwelcome in their presence. Every time he forgets this, he will be made to feel uncomfortable. In time, if he values their companionship he will avoid expressing that point of view. He may even keep himself from thinking.This kind of pressure, whether spoken or unspoken, can be generated by any group, regardless of how liberal or conservative, formal or casual it may be. Friday night poker clubs, churches, political parties, committees, fraternities, unions. The teenage gang that steals automobile accessories may seem to have no taboos. But let one uneasy member remark that he is beginning to feel guilty about his crimes and their wrath will descend on him.Similarly, in high school and college, the crowd a student travels with has certain (usually unstate D) expectations for its members. If they drink or smoke, they will often make the member who does not do so feel that he doesn‟t fully belong. If a member does not share their views on sex, drugs, studying, cheating, or any other subject of importance to them, they will communicate their displeasure. The way they communicate, of course, may be more or less direct. They may tell him he‟d better conform “or else”. They may launch a teasing campaign against him. Or they may be even less obvious and leave him out of their activities for a few days until he asks what is wrong or decides for himself and resolves to behave more like them.The urge to conform on occasion conflicts with the tendency to resist change. If the group we are in advocates an idea or action that is new and strange to us, we can be torn between seeking their acceptance and maintaining the security of familiar ideas and behavior. In such .cases, the way we turn will depend on which tendency is stronger in us or which value we are more committed to. More often,-however, the two tendencies do not conflict but reinforce each other. For we tend to associate with those whose attitudes mid actions are similar to our own.41. The writer most probably discusses ____ in the previous part of the text.A. advantages that conformity brings usB. internal urge we have to conform with othersC. the definition of conformityD. the necessity of conformity42. You may experience external pressure to conform ____.A. when you conceal your points of viewB. from the time when you were bornC. when your opinions are different from those of the group to which you belongD. when you face something new43. A temperance group is ____.A. an organization that advocates drinking of alcoholic beverages'B. an organization that urges people to stop drinking alcoholic liquorsC. an organization in which all members have no taboos to drink alcoholic beveragesD. an organization in which all drivers are not allowed to drink alcoholic liquors44. If you refuse to give up your ideas which are different from the others in the group you belong to, ____.A. you will be tom apart by the othersB. their wrath will descend on youC. you will gradually be deserted by themD. you will resolve to behave more like them45. The main topic of this text is ____.A. the external pressure which urges us to conform with othersB. both the internal and external urge we have to conform with othersC. the urge and the tendency for us to conform with othersD. the generation of the external urge for us to conform with othersPassage FourTheoretical physicists use mathematics to describe certain aspects of Nature. Sir Isaac Newton was the first theoretical physicist, although in his own time his profession was called “natural philosophy”.By Newton‟s era people had already used algebra and geometry to build marvelous works of architecture, including the great cathedrals of Europe, but algebra and geometry only describe things that are sitting still. In order to describe things that are moving or changing in some way, Newton invented calculus.The most puzzling and intriguing moving things visible to humans have always been the sun, the moon, the planets and the stars we can see in the night sky. Newton‟s new calculus, combined with his “Laws of Motion”, made a mathematical model for the force of gravity that not only described the observed motions of planets and stars in the night sky, but also of swinging weights and flying cannonballs in England.Today‟s theoretical physi cists are often working on the boundaries of known mathematics, sometimes inventing new mathematics as they need it, like Newton did with calculus.Newton was both a theorist and an experimentalist. He spent many long hours, to the point of neglecting his health, observing the way Nature behaved so that he might describe it better. The so-called “Newton‟s Laws of Motion” are not abstract laws that Nature is somehow forced to obey, but the observed behavior of Nature that is described in the language of m athematics. In Newton‟s time, theory and experiment went together.Today the functions of theory and observation are divided into two distinct communities in physics. Both experiments and theories are much more complex than back in Newton‟s time. Theor ists are exploring areas of Nature in mathematics that technology so far does not allow us to observe in experiments. Many of the theoreticalphysicists who are alive today may not live to see how the real Nature compares with her mathematical description in their work. Today‟s theorists have to learn to live with ambiguity and uncertainty in their mission to describe Nature using math.In the 18th and 19th centuries, Newton‟s mathematical description of motion using calculus and his model for the gravitational force were extended very successfully to the emerging science and technology of electromagnetism. Calculus evolved into classical field theory.Once electromagnetic fields were thoroughly described using mathematics, many physicists felt that the field was finished, that there was nothing left to describe or explain.Then the electron was discovered, and particle physics was born. Through the mathematics of quantum mechanics and experimental observation, it was deduced that all known particles fell into one of two classes: bosons or fermions. Bosons are particles that transmit forces. Many bosons can occupy the same state at the same time. This is not true for fermions, only one fermion can occupy a given state at a given time, and this is why fermions are the particles that make up matter. This is why solids can‟t pass through one another, why we can‟t walk through walls-because of Pauli repulsion-the inability of fermions (matter) to share the same space the way bosons (forces) can.While particle physics was developing with quantum mechanics, increasing observational evidence indicated that light, as electromagnetic radiation, traveled at one fixed speed (in a vacuum) in every direction, according to every observer. This discovery and the mathematics that Einstein developed to describe it and model it in his Special Theory of Relativity, when combined with the later development of quantum mechanics, gave birth to the rich subject of relativistic quantum field theory. Relativistic quantum field theory is the foundation of our present theoretical ability to describe the behavior of the subatomic particles physicists have been observing and studying in the latter half of the 20th century.But Einstein then extended his Special Theory of Relativity to encompass Newton‟s theory of gravitation, and the result, Einstein‟s General Theory of Relativity, brought the mathematics called differential geometry into physics.General relativity has had many observational successes that proved its worth as a description of Nature, but two of the predictions of this theory have staggered the public and scientific imaginations: the expanding Universe, and black holes. Both have been observed, and both encapsulate issues that, at least in the mathematics, brush up against the very nature of reality and existence.Relativistic quantum field theory has worked very well to describe the observed behaviors and properties of elementary particles. But the theory itself only works well when gravity is so weak that it can be neglected. Particle theory only works when we pretend gravity doesn‟t exist.General relativity has yielded a wealth of insight into the Universe, the orbits of planets, the evolution of stars and galaxies, the Big Bang and recently observed black holes and gravitational lenses. However, the theory itself only works when we pretend that the Universe is purely classical and that quantum mechanics is not needed in ourdescription of Nature.String theory is believed to close this gap.Originally, string theory was proposed as an explanation for the observed relationship between mass and spin for certain particles called hadrons, which include the proton and neutron. Things didn‟t work out, though, and Quantum Chromodynamics eventually proved a better theory for hadrons.But particles in string theory arise as excitations of the string, and included in the excitations of a string in string theory is a particle with zero mass and two units of spin.If there were a good quantum theory of gravity, then the particle that would carry the gravitational force would have zero mass and two units of spin. This has been known by theoretical physicists for a long time. This theorized particle is called the graviton.This led early string theorists to propose that string theory be applied not as a theory of hadronic particles, but as a theory of quantum gravity, the unfulfilled fantasy of theoretical physics in the particle and gravity communities for decades. But it wasn‟t enough that there be a graviton predicted by string theory. One can add a graviton to quantum field theory by hand, but the calculations that are supposed to describe Nature become useless. This is because, as illustrated in the diagram above, particle interactions occur at a single point of spacetime, at zero distance between the interacting panicles. For gravitons, the mathematics behaves so badly at zero distance that the answers just don‟t make sense. In string theory, the strings collide over a small but finite distance, and the answers do make sense.This doesn‟t mean that string theory is not without its deficiencies. But the zero distance behavior is such that we can combine quantum mechanics and gravity, and we can talk sensibly about a string excitation that carries the gravitational force.This was a very great hurdle that was overcome for late 20th century physics, which is why so many young people are willing to learn the grueling complex and abstract mathematics that is necessary to study a quantum theory of interacting strings.46.Please give your account of “Newton‟s Laws of Motion”.（2 points）47.What is the present state of scientific research in account of Nature?（4 points）48.What is the difference between bosons and fermions? （4 points）Part III. Writing(1*30 points, 60 minutes)Write a composition of about 400 words about this phenomenon and your opinion about it.“What are the causes of water scarcity? What are your solutions?”《翻译硕士英语》答案一、单选1.B crush.v.压碎；crash.v.飞机或车辆猛撞。

北京林业大学研究生学位考综合英语词汇选择题

Unit 11.Only twenty-seven new members had been enrolled since the Leeds Congress, and the totalmembership still stood at less than one hundred.2.You could go for advertising hype, the catchy floor displays or the flashy packaging.3.The desk was cluttered with files, but the chair behind it was vacant.4.Brunch is a meal typically eaten late in the morning as a combination of a late breakfast and5.The improvement of the highway will relieve pressure on the trains to some extent.6.John`s hands were quivering as he put down his papers and started his speech at the firsttime.7.His mood was an explosive mixture of maudlin self-pity and forced gaiety, the latterpredominating as he got drunk.8.Because of the economic slowdown, the government changed its policy to diminish revenueby limiting commerce.9.In women`s magazines and educational material the apple conjures good food and health.10.It is the opinion of a sentimental tourist that no price would be too great to pay, the novelistdeclared.Unit 21.in the first year of peace, Lebanon’s GDP soared(increase) by almost 40%.2.SAIC`s previous skirmishes (arguments) with investigators had attracted little attention.3.The boy grabbed (snatch) hold of my bag and disappeared quickly into the crowd.4.Although Chicago has fared (got on)better than some cities, unemployment remains aproblem.5.The dwarfs were devastated (decide), because they could not figure out how to save SnowWhite this time.6.His distrust of the power of critics made him ready to gibe (laugh) at David Sylvester.7.Children are most vulnerable (unprotected) to abuse within their own home.8.Short of (other than) the president himself, probably no one could have put the Americancase more persuasively.Unit 31.He mopped up (finished) the rest of his business and went on a vacation.2.This issue seems set(likely) to cause serious embarrassment to the government.3.When she heard the news ,she dropped the bowl on the floor and it broke intofragments(pieces).4.By modifying(changing)slightly the construction of the simple A.C. generator describedabove,the machine will provide direct current rather than alternating current.5.When you move abroad you face a raft(number) of financial decisions, including which typeof bank account to open.6.He managed to receive, through the medium of correspondence magazines, theequivalent(counterpart) of college education.7.He is not an expert in these matters;it is not safe to go by(judge by) what he says.8.The observed relative abundances of various radioactive elements may give us someclue(sign) as to the time of their origin.Unit 41.She tried everything in an attempt to evoke (arouse) sympathy and pity from her parents.2.The third quarter`s slender (meager) profit was still improvement on previous results.3.It was a tribute (praise) to her teaching methods that so many children passed the test.4.Our company has a commitment (permission) to equal pay and opportunities.5.Because they are so good, so smart, they stand out like beacons (elite) in a sea of mediocrity.6.The depression that started in mid-1929 was a catastrophe of unprecedented (unparalleled)dimensions for the United States.7.As the economy slows, the markets are likely to trim their estimates of sustainability(continuance) in the growth of both productivity and profits.8.Fields adjacent to (contiguous to)the nuclear facility were found to have high levels ofradioactivity.9.Her skin spoke of(indicated) warm summer days spent in the sun.10.The hope is that this area will develop into a vibrant (lively) commercial centre.Unit61.Advocates of organic foods frequently proclaim(announce) that such products are safer andmore nutritious than others.2.If I may venture(express) an opinion, I’d say the plan needs closer examination.3.These photographs capture(describe)the essence of working-class life at the turn of thecentury.4.These was a preponderance(dominance) of female teachers in the English department.5.Clarence had only few fuzzy(obscure) memories of his grandparents.6.What he has achieved is an extraordinary feat that would be impossible to duplicate(equal).7.He’s stopped taking drugs now, but he may revert(restore) to taking them again.8.As often as not(Quite often),people tend to scream under such circumstance.9.What is even more important is the fact that the astronauts’photographs haveuncovered(revealed) many things not evident at close range.10.The disposition(arrangement) of the troops on the battlefield is of paramount importance.Unit 71.she has been eliminated(got rid of) from the swimming race because she did not win any ofthe practice races.2.One of the major flaws in the existing system is that the prosecutor has immunity from lawsuits claiming malicious(spiteful) prosecution.3.They define(characterize)a good patient as one who accepts their statements and theiractions.4.Roberts’poor physical condition combined with nagging(troubling)injures prevented himfrom playing more than 51 games in the past four seasons.5.Constant correction by a teacher is often counterproductive(unfavorable),as the studentmay become afraid to speak at all.6.For centuries we woman have gloated over(felt maliciously satisfied with) the one negativeaspect of aging more evident in men than women: balding.7.In the conducive(favorable) atmosphere around the fort, General Bradley immediately foundout the plot.8.It’s a story of harmful dynamic(competing or conflicting system)between white prejudiceand black autonomy.9.Gandhi rejects outright(direct)claims made concerning the superior or inferior status ofreligions.10.My first boss was a really nasty(ugly)person, who seemed to enjoy making life difficult foreveryone.Unit 81.at the press conference, they were scrambling(struggling)to give the impression that thesituation.2.Written off again and again, he has proved phenomenal(extraordinary)in resilience andpolitical craftiness.3.This news has sent a wave of panic through the world which to seems way(far)out ofproportion.4.Downtown business owners say they want the city’s homeless shelter moved to a lessconspicuous(noticeable) location.5.Over the past year, Linux has made significant inroads(made advances)into embeddeddesigns requiring rich, high performance networking.6.The important thing is to harness(control) growth to self-knowledge, a ready acceptance ofchange, swift-moving business practice and sound judgment.7.We are the ones willing and able to run an obstacle course filled with hurdles(barriers) thatwe must complete before anyone else.8.I haven’t been able to orient(adjust) my ideas to the new conditions since I worked abroadthree months.9.The company office was inundated(flooded) with telegrams of congratulations on the tenthanniversary of its foundation.10.He had drawn a contradictory conclusion in his thesis because he pinned(placed) his faith onan absurdity.。

北京林业大学研究生学位考农林英语翻译答案

北京林业大学研究生学位考农林英语翻译答案Unit 1Urban forestry involves (refers to / is concerned with) forestry activities introducing forestry from wild lands (fields) and countryside (rural regions) to populous cities where economy, culture, industry and business (commerce) are concentrated. Most metropolitan cities are currently prosperous but noisy (clamorous) with deteriorating ecological environment. People living in such a crowded and narrow city space suffer from a worsening (declining) physical quality. To develop urban forestry can beautify environment, purify air, reduce noise and adjust local climate (microclimate), so that the living quality of urban people can be improved. Generally, urban forestry has provided a new approach to the urban environmental problems.Unit 2With the development of economy and progress of civilization in human society, there have been significant transformations in both people’s understanding about forests and social demands for forestry. As a result, more world attention has been widely paid to the function that forests play to maintain and improve ecological environment (the role that forests play in maintaining and improving ecological environment has drawn worldwide attention.). In 1992, UN Conference on Environment and Development bestowed priority on forestry (gave priority to forestry) and it became a political commitment (promise) of the highest rank. In addition, it was particularly emphasized in the meeting that nothing would be more important than forestry among the problems that the world summits dealt with. It is a distinct milestone in world civilization history to place forestryissues at such an unprecedentedly high position.Unit 3China is one of the countries boasting the richest biodiversity and also one of the earliest adopting the Convention on Biological Diversity. The Chinese Government has highly valued the work of biodiversity conservation by formulating and enforcing a series of related laws and regulations，so that a legal system on the conservation and biodiversity has fundamentally formed. In addition, it has established and consolidated the coordination mechanism on the implementation of the Convention on Biological Diversity as well as the scheme of Inter-ministerial Joint Meeting on biological species resources, laid down and issued the National Action Plan on the Conservation of Biodiversity of China and other related plans in this regard, based on which various relevant sectors have mapped out and executed their own action plans. Unit 5Agriculture still has /(shoulders / takes) the responsibility to feed the entire world in spite of / (despite) the serious (tough / big /severe ) challenge of climate change. Agriculture needs to produce more food, waste less, and make it easier for farmers to have their produce sent / (get their produce) to consumers. Besides, agriculture has to find ways/approaches/methods to reduce negative impacts resulted from environmental change—including lowering greenhouse gas emissions，planning/managing food security and rural development as a whole, etc. Only through the development of agricultural high technology can the above be realized/All these are only possible through the development of agricultural high technology.Unit 6Chinese agriculture has to choose the way of a low-carbondevelopment which is characterized by being resources-saving, production-clean, environment-friendly and quality-efficiency-oriented. Therefore, in terms of technology, great efforts must be made to develop a series of key technologies and promote /spread their practical application, such as resources-saving technologies including energy-saving, soil-saving, water-saving, fertilizer-saving, insecticides-saving / pesticides-saving, seeds-saving, materials-saving and labor-saving technologies, and so on, technologies of reducing the use of agricultural chemicals and developing their substitutes, technologies of cultivating new plant species with high light absorption and carbon sequestration, technology of soil carbon sequestration, technologies of developing clean energies, technologies of developing clean environment-friendly production, technologies of poison-free disposal and reclamation of wastes, and so on.Unit 7The enactment of the City Planning Act in 1989 is a major milestone to re-establish and formalize (regularize) the urban planning system in China. But, there are still many deficiencies of the urban planning system in coping with the rapidly changing socio-economic environment. Some of these deficiencies can be traced back to the past planned economy era, and some are intrinsic problems of the City Planning Act. Attempts are being made (Experiments are taking place) in Chinese cities which aim to provide better guidance and supervision to urban planning and development control from a planned economy to a transitional one.Unit 8Currently, we could hardly live a single day without seeing a celebrity spokesperson promoting a product or a socialcampaign on TV, net or other media. This is an intensely popular trend that we cannot fail to notice. There is no doubt that the celebrity spokespeople could boost the sale of a product. A host of celebrity spokespersons, however, have emerged as the marketing tool of some companies, even companies producing and selling fake and inferior items. This kind of behavior has produced negative impacts on consumers and whole society, which should be severely criticized and penalized. Of course, as is known to all, everything has both bright and dark sides. Some sta rs’ endorsement of social activities and public campaigns raises public awareness, giving rise to changes in public behavior. In this case, they serve as positive role models of the general public. To name only one case: Pu CX, a household figure, acting as the celebrity spokesman of the China AIDS Foundation, contributes greatly to the cause of AIDS prevention and cure in China.Unit 9Famed for Oriental Venice, Suzhou tops all others cities in both the number and the artistry of gardens. Tracing back to the Spring and Autumn period, the earliest gardens in Suzhou belongs to the king of Wu. Recorded as the earliest private garden, Pijiang house dates from the 4th century Eastern Jin Dynasties. Following that, Suzhou's art of gardening has undergone a history of 1, 500 years. Originated from the desire to feel the charm of mountains, forest and springs without going out of the noisy surrounding of the town, Suzhou gardens are the harmonious combination of nature and constructions. During the prosperous Ming and Qing Dynasties, the number of gardens in the city increases a great deal, mounting to 200 odd. Dozens of them have survived to the present and are in a good state ofpreservation. Among them, the most famous ones are the Surging Waves Pavilion, the Lion Grove Garden, the Humble Administrator Garden and the Lingering Garden, representing the different styles of Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties respectively.Unit 10In the northern ocean there is a fish, called the kun, I do not know how many thousand li insize. This kun changes into a bird, called the peng. Its back is I do not know how many thousand li in breadth. When it is moved, it flies, its wings obscuring the sky like clouds.When on a voyage, this bird prepares to start for the Southern Ocean, the Celestial Lake. And in the Records of Marvels we read that when the peng flies southwards, the water is smitten for a space of three thousand li around, while the bird itself mounts upon a great wind to a height of ninety thousand li, for a flight of six months' duration.There mounting aloft, the bird saw the moving white mists of spring, the dust-clouds, and the living things blowing their breaths among them. It wondered whether the blue of the sky was its real color, or only the result of distance without end, and saw that the things on earth appeared the same to it.If there is not sufficient depth, water will not float large ships. Upset a cupful into a hole in the yard, and a mustard-seed will be your boat. Try to float the cup, and it will be grounded, due to the disproportion between water and vessel. So with air. If there is not sufficient a depth, it cannot support large wings. And for this bird, a depth of ninety thousand li is necessary to bear it up. Then, gliding upon the wind, with nothing save the clear sky above, and no obstacles in the way, it starts upon its journey tothe south.。

2020年北京林业大学翻译硕士MTI考研真题及考研参考书

2020 年北京林业大学翻译硕士 MTI 考研真题及考研参考书
育明教育 506 大印老师联合各大翻硕名校导师及考研状元联合整理 2019 年 9 月 10 日星期日
【温馨解析】翻译硕士 MTI 专业，是一个比较适合于非英语专业学生报考的研究生考研专业，尤其是对于非英语专业的考生而言，一定要把握住汉语写作与百科知识（参考《汉语写作与百科知识》，首都师范大学出版社，2019 年版）以及政治这两门课，因为这是加分项，是可以凸显优势的两门课所以，一定要重视。此外，每个院校考察的汉语写作与百科知识的侧重点是不同的，比如北大侧重中国古代文学及历史，北外侧重考察时政热点。而且从翻译硕士英语和英语翻译基础而言，考察的也不同（参考《翻译硕士 MTI 常考词汇》，首都师范大学出版社，2020 年版；《翻译硕士考研真题解析》，首都师范大学出版社，2020 年版）。比如，北大侧重于现当代文学的翻译，北二外侧重经济管理类的翻译等。
[2]了解价格革命、文艺复兴、宗教运动、启蒙运动、工业革命、帝国主义殖民扩张与民族解放运动、
第一次世界大战、全球经济危机、第二次世界大战、美苏争霸、世界多极化等时期的特点及其代表事件、人物、作品、影响等；
[3]能结合思想政治基础科目的“当代国际政治”内容，了解当代国际社会热点及其影响。这个部分的话，大家可以按照《汉语写作与百科知识》（首都师范大学出版社，2020 年版）或者《汉语写作与百科知识》（天津科技翻译出版社）所汇编的范围来复习足矣。 ■写作：
统计，每年这个上面考察的内容很多。此外育明教育内部编写的翻译硕士词汇的参加价值也比较大。
■语法：
[1]熟练掌握非谓语动词、定语从句、虚拟语气等重难点语法及其综合运用；
[2]在英汉互译及英语写作中不出现语法错误及常见用法错误；

北京林业大学“外国语言文学”硕士研究生招生考试大纲.doc

北京林业大学“外国语言文学”硕士研究生招生考试大纲（英语读写能力）一、大纲综述英语读写能力是英语语言技能考试，是英语类考生报考我校“外国语言文学”学术型研究生的专业考试科目之一。

为帮助考生明确考试复习范围和有关的考试要求，特制定本考试大纲。

本考试大纲主要依据我国英语专业普遍开设的语言技能课程要求进行编制，适用于报考我校“外国语言文学”（方向01-05）硕士研究生的英语类考生（方向06为日语类考生，考试科目和考纲另发）。

非英语专业报考本专业的考生，应参照英语专业的相关教材进行自学。

二、考试内容考生应掌握以下方面的内容：1. 阅读能力：熟练掌握1万以上英语单词、短语，英语基本语法，以及阅读技巧，能够阅读并理解相当于英语专业高年级阅读教程难度的文章。

考生平时应注意大量阅读英语原著和英美主要报刊文章。

2. 写作能力：能够熟练掌握描述、叙事、定义、对比、议论、论说等常用体裁的写作特点和手法。

三、考试要求本考试为能力考试，不考查理论知识，但相关语言知识（如语法、词汇、文体）是阅读和写作的基础。

考生应具备较强的英语阅读和写作能力。

四、考试方式及时间考试方式为闭卷、笔试，时间为3小时，满分为150分。

五、试卷结构题型和分数分配如下：1. 阅读：阅读3－5篇选文，回答所提出的问题（选择题或简答题）。

（80分）2. 写作：2篇（每篇约200-300词）。

（70分）六、主要参考书考试题目不会选自正式出版的教材，但以下教材可以为考生的学习和复习提供一个参考：1. 阅读参考书学生应学完英语专业的主要基础英语、高级英语和英语阅读课程，比如相当于《现代大学英语》（外研社）、《综合英语教程》（高教社）或《新编英语教程》（外教社）等教材高级阶段难度的教学材料，以及阅读过大量的泛读材料，能够比较熟练地阅读相当于The Economist, Newsweek, Times, Businessweek, New Scientist等杂志及当代英文原著（Fiction and non-fiction）难度的阅读材料。

(完整word版)Paraphrase(北京林业大学研究生英语学位考资料)

Unit 1Text B Family-unfriendly Policies1.…, even after a significant reform of the welfare system, the singlewelfare mother has become the public symbol of much of what is wrong with America’s social service programs. (para. 8) Paraphrase:Though an important reform of the welfare system has been carried out, the policies of aiding the single mother is still a noticeable demonstration/a good example to show that the American social service programs have fundamental problems.Even after a major reform in welfare system, the single mother still enjoys too much benefits, which is always regarded as the main problem in America’s social service programs.2.Federal aid should give incentives for couples to form and sustainhealthy marriages, not encouragement for single parenthood and nonmarital birth.(para. 8)Paraphrase:The Federal government should encourage couples to marry and keep healthy marriage but discourage households with one parent and childbirth out of unmarried parents.3. Public policy should not contribute to an a la carte menu of sex, love, and childbearing. It should emphasize the benefits for all from the package deal of marriage. (para. 9)Paraphrase:The policy for the public should not promote individually/separately sex, love and childbearing, but should focus on the interests of the whole of marriage for all the people.Unit TwoText B Deep water Drilling.1.Deep waters that were once off limits to oil explores are suddenlyaccessible, partly because of advances in floating rigs.( para. 19) Paraphrase:Oil explorers are now suddenly able to operate in deep waters where they couldn’t get to, in part because there have been developments in floating rigs.2.Everywhere, the quest is for speed and lightness. The last hurrahfor the old guard may be the 4.2 billion Hibernian oil projects on Canada’s Grand Banks.(para. 22)Paraphrase:Anywhere in deep water drilling field, high speed and light weight are pursued forever. The last acclamation for the completion of the old-typed fixed production platform may be the 4.2 billion Hibernian oil projects on Canada’s Grand Banks.3.Now, oil-rich countries that once spurned Western oil companiesas imperialists realize that they’re missing out on a good thing.(para.26)Paraphrase:Countries with abundant oil sources get to know now that they are losing the chance to make use of the investment of the western oil companies, which were once regarded as imperialists and rejected.4.Add all that up and you have the recipe for a possible explosion inoil production.(para. 27)Paraphrase:Taking all these factors of technology and foreign capital into consideration, you understand the causes that lead to a possible large and quick expansion of oil production/ why there is a sharp increase in oil prouction.Unit 3Text A1. A liver cell has a different job from a blood cell and proteins to match. (para 2)Paraphrase:A liver cell plays a different role compared with a blood cell and the proteins inside a liver cell are different from those inside a blood cell. 2. But as the plasma proteome project shows, there will be a pay-off even at the stage of cataloguing proteins. (para. 8)Paraphrase:But as the plasma proteome project indicates, people will benefit even during the period of classifying proteins.3. And if the unexpected technological leaps made in fiercely competitive race for the human genome are anything to go by, theywill arrive faster than we might think. (para 8)Paraphrase:If we judge by the unexpected technological advances achieved in human genome which involves fierce competition, the achievements in the field of proteomics will be accomplished more quickly than we might think.Text B1. A controversial area of science that has hardly been out of the spotlight since the birth of its leading lady, Dolly, the sheep, is cloning. (para 1)Since the leading lady Dolly the sheep was born, cloning has long been/ seldom escaped from the focus of attention /has always received a lot of public attention as a much-debated area of science.2. Certainly it is the view of every serious scientist … on the grounds of safety alone. (Para. 3)Paraphrase:Every serious scientist surely thinks that it would be mad for anyone to clone a person today, only for the reason of health safety.3. This suggests that there is a great deal of plasticity in the growing embryo that still allows it to develop successfully even when a significant proportion of its genes are malfunctioning. (para 4) Paraphrase:It can be concluded from the cloning studies that the growing embryo can be greatly modified, which enables it to develop successfully even when the majority of genes are not functioning well.4. Personally I think it would be a very dangerous path to follow first of all, could we really be sure until it was too late that we were not creating people with a range of serious abnormalities? (para 5) Paraphrase:In my opinion, it would be very dangerous to clone a person because we could not be certain whether the people we were producing have any serious defects and diseases. It will be too late when we realize the dangers.5. It might be a very useful practical test of the importance of genes versus the environment, but would it be fair to subject a real human individual to such a test? (para 5)Paraphrase:It could probably be a very useful practical experiment in relation to the importance of interaction going on between genes and environment, but would it be fair to get a real human individual involved in such a dangerous test?6. Assessing how serious a possibility someone attempting to clone a baby is has not been helped by the various cranks and charlatans who have been making exaggerate claims in this respect. (para 6) Paraphrase:There are various weird people and fake experts who have been making unreal and impractical declaration that they would try to clone a baby. However, these could not help us to judge how possible the cloning baby is.7. An increasing problem is that pioneering research findings …. have no control over. (para. 8)Paraphrase:The scientists have used public money to do careful research work for years and yielded exploring/leading results, but now they may be wasted and abused by private interests the public can’t manage; this is a rising concern.Unit 4Text A1.In addition, the Freedom Tower will further its distinction as aworld-class model of energy efficiency and environmental sustainability. (Para. 1)Paraphrase:Moreover, the Freedom Tower will place greater emphasis on its features as a world -class example in making better use of energy and protecting environment for sustainability.2. This spectacular addition to our skyline will be a commanding architectural symbol while addressing the security concerns we face in today’s world.(para 4)Paraphrase:While solving the security problem in today’s world, the accession of the Freedom Tower to our skyline will be a dominating architectural symbol.3. Generous open spaces, filled with trees, water and places of respite that enliven the surrounding streets, connect the tower with theadjacent neighborhoods and allow views and access into the memorial. (para 6)Paraphrase:The wide green areas with trees, pools and resting places add liveliness to the nearby streets and link the Freedom Tower with the surroundings so that they enable people to see the scenery and enter the memorial.4. The redesigned Freedom Tower speaks to the government and private sector’s deep and abiding commitment to rebuild New York City to the highest architectural, environmental and safety standards.（para 7)Paraphrase:The new design of the Freedom Tower reflects the public and private’s strong and lasting pledge which aims to rebuild New York City on the basis of the highest standards of architecture, environment, and safety.5. Environmental quality will also extend to construction of the Freedom Tower, which will feature waste reduction through recycling of construction materials. (para. 11)Paraphrase:The environmental quality will also be involved in the construction of Freedom Tower focusing on decreasing waste through construction materials’ recycling.Text B1. After all, who wants to work or live in a grand, iconic structure that stands out in a crowd and thus makes an inviting target? (Para 1) Paraphrase:After all, no one wants to work or live in a huge and symbolic building which is so distinguished among all that it is likely to be attacked.2. A lot of great buildings get erected because somebody wants to make their mark on the skyline. (para 2)Paraphrase:Lots of grand buildings are constructed as the developers want to become well-known with those impressive symbols on the skyline.Unit 6Text A1. … making paper copies of anything is a primitive use of machines and violates their very spirits. (para 1)Paraphrase:Using machines to make paper copies is backward and against the concept of the development of machines.Technologies have emerged one after another to help us do away with what Egyptians first made out of riverside reeds several millennia ago, including electronic date books, ever-shrinking laptops, and the never quite-ready e-book. (para 2)Paraphrase:Many new inventions, including e-calendars, smaller and smaller notebook computers and ever-changing e-books, are coming out successively to help us get rid of paper, which was invented in ancient Egypt and made of water plant leaf fiber.3. A primary pile of papers, adjacent to the open workspace at the center of the desk and probably next to the phone, contains what they call hot files, documents to be acted on immediately. (para 4) Paraphrase:An important pile of documents including those urgent “hot files” to be dealt with at once, is put next to the open workspace in the middle of the desk and possibly close to the phone.4. Cold files, the great preponderance of documents t hat don’t need immediate attention, fill file drawers farther away. (para 4) Paraphrase:As most “cold files” don’t have to be dealt with immediately, they are stuck in the drawers farther away.Text B1.Washington and Wall Street are bedeviled by a specter– the specter of dot-com start-ups and the rise of the nerd class. (Para 1) Paraphrase:The US government and financial world are haunted/troubled by a dreadful thing—the setting up of web firms and the increasing number of web fans.2.Surprisingly, the outcome of this conflict has a lot to say about whether we will still turn pages as we read. (Para 1)Paraphrase:It is surprising that the result of the battle between the paper culture and screen culture fully illustrates/reveals much whether we will still turnpages when we read.3.Screen culture is a world of constant flux, of endless sound bites, quick cuts and half-baked ideas. (para 4)Paraphrase:Screen culture is filled with continuous changes, never-stopping sound bites, rapid editions and deletions, and immature thoughts.4.Notions don’t stand alone but are massively interlinked to everything else; truth is not delivered by authors and authorities but is assembled by the audience. (para 4)Paraphrase:Ideas don’t exist separately but are closel y related with everything else; truth is not expressed by authors and authorities but is made up by the viewers and readers.Unit 7Text A1. This is a particularly unsettling line of inquiry for athletes or parents. (para 4)Paraphrase:The way of asking such a question especially causes athletes or parents to feel worried.2. The underlying theory is simple: All games involve achieving a goal despite the presence of an obstacle, but nowhere is it written that the obstacle has to be someone else. (para 6)Paraphrase:There is a fundamental theory beneath: The rule of all games is to reach a goal even though there is an obstacle, but it never says that this obstacle has to be somebody else.3. If a large number of people insist that we can’t do without win/lose activities, the first question to ask is whether they’ve ever tasted the alternative. (para 10)Paraphrase:If many people still hold the view that we cannot live without activities involving winning and losing, the first thing we should ask is if they have ever tried the other way.4. Studies have shown that feelings of self-worth become dependent on external sources of evaluation as a result of competition; yourvalue is defined by what you’ve done and who you’ve beaten. (para 11)Paraphrase:It is indicated from studies that the feelings of self-esteem gradually rely on assessments from the outside factors because of competition; people’s value is decided by the things they have done and the rivals they have defeated.Text B1.Furthermore, an element of score keeping is evident in the most innocent of children’s games. (para 3)Paraphrase:Moreover, a feature of winning / competing ahead of others is clear even in children’s most harmless games.2. This was a response to an attempt to recognize participation ahead of winning or losing at 4-H events, and was perceived by party leaders as promoting socialism. (para 4)Paraphrase:Joining in 4-H activities was a reaction to an attempt to realize/admit/accept that participation is more important than winning or losing, and was regarded by party leaders as improving socialism.3. As soon as this is established, they can refine and specialize their skills. (para 5)Paraphrase:Once they find their proper / appropriate social position, the young people can improve and major in their skills.4. The bulk of this research points to the improved social conditions associated with cooperation as opposed to competition. (para 7) Paraphrase:The majority of this research suggests / indicates that cooperation rather than competition improves social conditions.5.The context of the competition seems to excuse or suspend normal expectations of civility. (para 12)Paraphrase:It seems the settings of competition make people tolerate bad/ugly behaviors and suppress/ignore politeness as ordinarily expected.Unit 8Text A1.Solar power, wind turbines and other sources of clean power---thepreserve of visionaries and enthusiasts little more than a decade ago---are now poised on the brink of the mainstream, helped in no small part by the environmental deficiencies of fossil fuels. (para 2)Paraphrase:Largely because fossil fuels do some damage to the environment, solar power, wind turbines and other sources of clean power are now quite ready to replace the major sources of power, which used to be the field for people with great visions and enthusiasm to explore only about 10 years or so ago.2.Already a billion-pound business, projections indicate an annualgrowth rate for the next decade of 14 percent. (para 6) Paraphrase:Although the solar program is already worth billion pounds, it is still predicted that it will keep growing at a rate of 14% each year for the next 10 years.3.High hopes are pinned on the fuel cell, a technology forecast toreshape the world energy economy and odds-on to power transport systems of tomorrow by replacing petrol. (para 21) Paraphrase:Fuel cell is a technology predicted to transform the world energy economy and it is very likely to take the place of petrol to give power in the future transport systems; as a consequence, people put a lot of hopes on it.4.Again, its green credentials are indisputable: fuel cells releasenothing more damaging into the atmosphere than water vapor.(para 21)Paraphrase:It is definite to argue once more that, with certain green qualities, the fuel cell lets out into the atmosphere nothing damaging, only water vapor.Text B1.The solar panels provide an exciting demonstration for thecampus community of the power of cutting edgetechnology…(para 5)Paraphrase:Excitingly, the solar panels display in front of people on campus the power of a technology that is at the very frontier…2.As laboratories for learning and natural gathering centers for thecommunity, schools are an excellent venue to demonstrate the viability of solar technologies. (para 6)Paraphrase:Acting like the laboratories for learning and the common place for people in the same area to gather together naturally, schools are a perfect place to show the possibility we can have with solar technologies.3.Such solicitations are geared toward “raising visibility andacceptability of renewable energy and to help create a sustained demand for renewables.” (para 4)Paraphrase:The requests are adjusted to make renewable energies visible and accepted and create a continuous demand for them4.As the term “sustainability”gains currency, more and moreeducators are looking to provide hands-on learning opportunities for their students. (para 8)Paraphrase:As the word “sustainability”becomes more popular and accepted by more people, more and more educators are seeking to give their students available learning chances.。

综合英语第三册paraphrase(带答案)

ParaphraseUnit11.My plan was to keep my ears open and my mouth shut and hope no one would notice I was a freshman.I planned to be observant and silent so that nobody would notice that I was a freshman.2.Popularity was not so important: running with the crowd was no longer a law of survival.It didn’t matter whether you were widely liked or not: you did not have to follow other people so as to be accepted by everybody else.3.This was my big chance to do my own thing, be my own woman----if I could get past my preoccupation withdoing everything perfectly.College offered a great chance for me to do my own thing and have my own style so long as I could give up the attempt to be perfect in everything.Unit21.He didn’t realize how hard his maxim hit. It often returns to haunt and rebuke me by raising the critical problem ofpriorities.He did not realize how much impact his works had on me. They often come to my mind and make me think of the important problem of priorities, and this is always the time I feel quite uneasy.2.But in the light of time’s perspective their deceptive prominence fades; with a sense of loss we recall the importanttasks pushed aside.But as time passes, the urgent things gradually lose their seemingly importance, and at the same time we suffer from a sense of loss as we recall the important tasks that are left undone.Unit31.Food to my countrymen is one of the ecstasies of life, to be thought about in advance; to be smothered with lovingcare throughout its preparation; and to have time lavished on it in the final pleasure of eating.Food to us Chinese is one of the greatest joys in life: It is thought about before being prepared; it is treated with lots of love and care while being prepared; and when it is ready, it is enjoyed with excessive amount of time.2.It is this increased sensuality and the desire for great freedom age-bound habits in the West, combined with theinherent sensual concept of Chinese food, always quick to satisfy the taste buds, that is at the root of the sudden and phenomenal spread of Chinese food throughout the length and breadth of the Western World.The main reason for the sudden and tremendous popularity of Chinese food throughout the whole Western world lies in two facts: One is the increased desire for sensual pleasures and freedom from age-old customs in the West; the other is the notion of physical pleasure provided by Chinese food which is always ready to satisfy the taste of the eater.Unit51.But it did list his“survivors”quite accurately.But the obituary did list the family members of the dead man quite accurately.2.He was the one who tried to grab at his father, and tried to mean enough to him to keep the man at home.It was the boy who made efforts to divert his father’s affection from work.Unit61.Even an end which it would be noble to pursue if it were attainable may be pursued unwiselyif it is inherently impossible of achievement.It would be unwise to pursue a goal that is bound to fail though it might benoble to do so.2.I think the essence of wisdom is emancipation, as far as possible, from the tyranny of the here and now.I think the essence of wisdom is to free oneself from the confinement of thephysical world and the emotional world and look beyond.Unit81.One way was to step up the level of danger or licentiousness or alcohol or drag consumptionso that you could be sure that, no matter what, you would manage to have a little fun.In order to have a little fun under the stress of modern life, people indulged themselves even more intensively in dangerous adventures and excessive sex,alcohol and drugs.2. The god of mirth is paying us back for all those years of thinking fun was everywhere by refusing to come to ourparty.We have long assumed that fun was easy to have, but now we are paying a price for that shallow-mindedness, i.e., our party is hardly as much fun as it is intended to be.Unit91.Children enter school as question marks and leave as periods.Children enter school with lots of questions and curiosity, but when they leave school after years of formal education, they lose all the curiosity and exploring spirit.2.? Being “advanced”has its own pitfalls---among them complacency and pushing of forcing. “Advanced”learners are likely to make some mistakes, for example, they may become excessively satisfied with their progress or on the contrary, put too much pressure on themselves to achieve further progress.Unit111.“Psychological barriers wear down; the ability to make more distinctions can coarsen; the liar’s percepti on of hischances of being caught may warp”One is less inhibited from lying; his ability to tell the truth from the falsehood is dulled; he may become less cautious against being caught.2.Once they’ve become common enough, even the small untruths that ar e not meant to hurt encourage a certaincynicism and loss of trust.When it becomes common enough to tell small lies, even the small unharmful ones will induce doubt and distrust.3.The most understandable and forgivable lies are an exchange of what ethicists refer to as the principle of trust forthe principle of caring.Those lies that are most understandable and acceptable are based on what moralists call the principle of love and care rather than that of trust.Unit121.We will go through the most extraordinary contortions to save ourselves from walking.As long as we can avoid walking, we are willing to do anything possible, however unnatural or ridiculous it may be.2.…I was possibly the only person ever to have entertained the notion of negotiating that intersection on foot.…I was very likely the only person who had ever attempted to cross thatintersection on foot.Unit131.I thought I was a unique item, but as soon as I peeked out of my shell I found a sea of women in similar positions.I had thought that I was quite different from other people, but when I directed my attention from myself toother people I found that there were so many people just like me.2.The little child in us has grown mature and middle-aged, almost to our surprise.To our surprise, the inner child in us has grown mature and is already middle-aged. And we realize that we are really getting old.3.Besides the intellectual surprises, we found joy in each other’s company, and we delved in this newly foundcamaraderie with an intensity we did not know we could achieve outside of love and pregnancies.We found so many surprises in school, and apart from that, we also enjoyed the company of each other very much. We appreciated this kind of friendship intensely, just like what we felt for our lovers when we were in love or for baby when we were pregnant.Unit141.Suddenly I saw myself as I really was, in all my horrid selfishness, and I felt sick at heart.Suddenly I realized that sort of person I really was: I was an extremely selfish man. This made me feel very bad at heart.2.I was measuring you by the yardstick of my own years.I was judging you by the standard for an adult of my age which was not fair to a little boy.3. A penitent kneels at your infant shrine, here in the moonlight.Here in the moonlight, your father, a man with a strong sense of guilt and remorse, kneels in front of your bed.Unit151.It is difficult to sort out whether job satisfaction causes happiness or vice versa, but evidence suggests thatcausation flows both ways.It is hard to find out whether job satisfaction causes happiness or happiness leads to jib satisfaction, but it is suggested that either of them has an effect on the other.2. There is nothing, short of terminal illness---no setback, shortcoming, difficulty, or inadequacy---that makeshappiness impossible.Nothing, such as misfortune, weakness, difficulty, or insufficiency, can make it impossible for a person to achieve happiness unless he suffers from a fatal disease.TranslationUnit11.听到他屡遭失败的消息，我感到难过.It distressed me a great deal to hear that he had suffered repeated failures.2.他虽然失去了老板的欢心，但仍然装出一副高兴地样子。

2017年北京林业大学风景园林硕士专业学位考研备考历年真题考研英语

（2)杠杆均衡法—根据杠杆力矩的原理，使不同体量或重量感的景物置于相对应的位置而取得平衡感。
（3)运动平衡法—运用三角形构图法，是取得景观均衡的有效方法。（五）对比法则
• 在园林造景艺术中，往往通过形式和内容的对比关系而更加突出主体，更能表现景物的本质特征，产生强烈的艺术感染力。风景园林造景运用对比率有形体、线形、空间、数量、动静、主次、色彩、光影、虚实、质地、意境等对比手法。
剖面图 1:300 两张简要设计说明（北京大学考研专业课复习规划指导考研辅导咨询电话一三六/四一二三/一四九六）北林风景园林硕士考研专业课备考笔记动态均衡创作法一般有以下几种类型：（1)构图中心法—在群体景物之中，有意识地强调一个视线构图中心，而使其它部
分均与其取得对应关系，从而在总体上取得均衡感。
• 园林空间艺术布局是在园林艺术理论指导下，对所有空间进行巧妙、合理、协调、系统安排的艺术，目的在于构成一个既完善又变化的美好境界。常从静态、动态两方面进行空间艺术布局。
墙或绿篱的高度在空间分隔上的感觉规律：当绿篱高≤30 厘米时有图案感，但无空间隔离感，多用于花坛花纹、草坪模纹边缘处理；当绿篱高 60 厘米时，稍有边界划分和隔离感，多用于台边、建筑边缘的处理；当绿篱高 90～120 厘米时，具有较强烈的边界隔离感，多用于台边、建筑边缘的处理；当绿篱高＞160 厘米，即超过一般人的视点时，则使人产生空间隔断或封闭感，多用于障景、隔境或特殊活动封闭空间的绿墙处理。当绿篱高≤30 厘米时有图案感，但无空间隔离感，多用于花坛花纹、草坪模纹边缘处理；当绿篱高 60 厘米时，稍有边界划分和隔离感，多用于台边、建筑边缘的处理；当绿篱高 90～120 厘米时，具有较强烈的边界隔离感，多用于台边、建筑边缘的处理；当绿篱高＞160用于障景、隔境或特殊活动封闭空间的绿墙处理。第二节园林空间艺术原理

【考研英语】2021年1月北京林业大学研究生招生考试英语练习题100道(附答案解析)

【考研英语】2021年1月北京林业大学研究生招生考试英语练习题100道（附答案解析）第1题【单选题】I am sure that you are asking. "How does a rocket fly?"If you want to know, get a balloon and then blow it up until it is quite big. Do not tie up the neck of the balloon. Let go! The balloon will fly off through the air very quickly. The air inside the balloon tries to get out. It rushes out through neck of the ball and this pushes the balloon through the air. It does not need wings like an air plane.A rocket can fly to the moon because ______.A、it looks like a balloonB、it is much lighter than an airplaneC、it doesn't have wingsD、it works like an untied balloon【正确答案】D【答案解析】本段都在讲述气球的飞行原理，来解释火箭的工作原理，因此选D。

第2题【单选题】On October 19, 1911, Amundsen set out from his base in Bay of Whales,Antarctica, with four companions （同伴）, 52 dogs and four sleds. His success in reaching the South Pole was aided by careful planning. His use of sled dogs to carry supplies also helped. Amundsen and his men, along with 11 surviving dogs, made it back to the base on January 25, 1912, quicker than expected. The main idea of this paragraph is __________.A、Came up with the idea of reaching the South PoleB、An important race on Amundsen’s way to his polar career in the early stageC、Armed to the teeth, Amundsen finished his trip to the South PoleD、Amundsen got a great achievement in the field of polar expedition 100 years ago【正确答案】C【答案解析】答案选C。

北京市研究生英语学位课统考(GET)答案2010年6月 2010.6.27keys

KEYS(20100627)A 卷PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSIONSection A1. C2.C3. A4. B5. A6. C7. D8. D9. BSection B10. B 11. B 12.C 13. C 14. D 15. BSection C16. The 21st Century Family of Man17. link humans everywhere18. the University of Southern California19. Wonders of Man20. we are all the samePART II VOCABULARY (10 minutes, 10 points )21-30 D B B C B A D A D C31-40 A B D B A D B A C DPART III CLOZE TEST (10 minutes, 10 points, 1 point each)41. B 42. A 43. A 44. D 45. A 46. C 47. D 48. B 49. A 50. CPART IV READING COMPREHENSION (45 minutes, 30 points, 1 point each)51. D 52. B 53. C 54. A 55.A 56. C 57. B 58. A 59. C 60. D61. A 62. C 63. C 64. D 65. D 66. B 67. C 68. B 69. D 70. B71 A 72. D 73. C 74. D 75. B 76. A 77. D 78. C 79. A 80. BB 卷PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSIONSection A1. D2.D3. B4. A5. B6. D7. C8. C9. ASection B10. B 11. B 12.B 13. D 14. D 15. ASection C16. The 21st Century Family of Man17. link humans everywhere18. the University of Southern California19. Wonders of Man20. we are all the samePART II VOCABULARY (10 minutes, 10 points )21-30 D C D B B C B A D A31-40 A C D A B D B A D BPART III CLOZE TEST (10 minutes, 10 points, 1 point each)41. A 42. B 43. B 44. C 45. B 46. D 47. C 48. A 49. B 50. DPART IV READING COMPREHENSION (45 minutes, 30 points, 1 point each)51. D 52. B 53 A 54. D 55. C 56. D57. D 58. B 59. C 60. A 61.A 62. C63. B 64. A 65. C 66. D 67. A 68. C69. C 70. D 71. D 72. B 73. C 74. B75. A 76. B 77. C 78. D 79. B 80. A试卷二PART V TRANSLATION (30 minutes, 20 points)Section A 英译汉：参考译文：之所以不把二氧化碳列为污染物，是因为二氧化碳是大气的天然成分，植物进行生物合成需要二氧化碳。

paraphrase题型要求

paraphrase题型要求摘要：1.了解paraphrase题型2.分析paraphrase的技巧和方法3.提高paraphrase能力的建议4.总结正文：作为一种重要的英语写作技巧，paraphrase（改写）在全球各地的考试和学术写作中都有着广泛的应用。

这种题型要求我们在理解原句意义的基础上，用不同的词汇和表达方式重新阐述原文内容。

为了更好地应对这种题型，以下几点技巧和方法值得关注。

首先，要充分理解原文的含义。

在开始改写之前，确保自己清楚原文讨论的主题、作者的观点以及文章的逻辑结构。

这样才能确保在改写过程中不偏离主题，准确地传达原文信息。

其次，学会使用同义词和短语。

在改写过程中，尽量使用与原文不同的词汇和表达方式。

这不仅能提高文章的可读性，还能体现出作者的语言能力。

例如，原文中使用的动词短语可以换成名词短语，或者将主动句改为被动句等。

第三，注意句子结构和语气的调整。

为了让改写后的句子与原文在语气和结构上保持一致，可以采用以下方法：1.保持主语和谓语的一致性；2.保持句子成分的完整性；3.保持原文的时态和语态；4.调整句子顺序，使句子更加自然。

此外，提高paraphrase能力还需多加练习。

以下是一些建议：1.积累更多的词汇和表达方式，提高自己的英语水平；2.阅读各类文章，学习优秀作者的写作风格和表达技巧；3.刻意练习，不断尝试对同一篇文章进行多次改写，以提高自己的表达能力；4.寻求他人的意见和建议，了解自己在改写过程中的不足之处。

总之，掌握paraphrase技巧对我们的英语写作能力有着重要意义。

(完整word版)Paraphrase(北京林业大学研究生英语学位考资料)

1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。

Unit 1Text B Family-unfriendly Policies1.…, even after a significant reform of the welfare system, the singlewelfare mother has become the public symbol of much of what is wrong with America’s social service programs. (para. 8) Paraphrase:Though an important reform of the welfare system has been carried out, the policies of aiding the single mother is still a noticeable demonstration/a good example to show that the American social service programs have fundamental problems.Even after a major reform in welfare system, the single mother still enjoys too much benefits, which is always regarded as the main problem in America’s social service programs.2.Federal aid should give incentives for couples to form and sustainhealthy marriages, not encouragement for single parenthood and nonmarital birth.(para. 8)Paraphrase:The Federal government should encourage couples to marry and keep healthy marriage but discourage households with one parent and childbirth out of unmarried parents.3. Public policy should not contribute to an a la carte menu of sex, love, and childbearing. It should emphasize the benefits for all from the package deal of marriage. (para. 9)Paraphrase:The policy for the public should not promote individually/separately sex, love and childbearing, but should focus on the interests of the whole of marriage for all the people.Unit TwoText B Deep water Drilling.1.Deep waters that were once off limits to oil explores are suddenlyaccessible, partly because of advances in floating rigs.( para. 19) Paraphrase:Oil explorers are now suddenly able to operate in deep waters where they couldn’t get to, in part because there have been developments in floating rigs.2.Everywhere, the quest is for speed and lightness. The last hurrahfor the old guard may be the 4.2 billion Hibernian oil projects on Canada’s Grand Banks.(para. 22)Paraphrase:Anywhere in deep water drilling field, high speed and light weight are pursued forever. The last acclamation for the completion of the old-typed fixed production platform may be the 4.2 billion Hibernian oil projects on Canada’s Grand Banks.3.Now, oil-rich countries that once spurned Western oil companiesas imperialists realize that they’re missing out on a good thing.(para.26)Paraphrase:Countries with abundant oil sources get to know now that they are losing the chance to make use of the investment of the western oil companies, which were once regarded as imperialists and rejected.4.Add all that up and you have the recipe for a possible explosion inoil production.(para. 27)Paraphrase:Taking all these factors of technology and foreign capital into consideration, you understand the causes that lead to a possible large and quick expansion of oil production/ why there is a sharp increase in oil prouction.Unit 3Text A1. A liver cell has a different job from a blood cell and proteins to match. (para 2)Paraphrase:A liver cell plays a different role compared with a blood cell and the proteins inside a liver cell are different from those inside a blood cell.2. But as the plasma proteome project shows, there will be a pay-off even at the stage of cataloguing proteins. (para. 8)Paraphrase:But as the plasma proteome project indicates, people will benefit even during the period of classifying proteins.3. And if the unexpected technological leaps made in fiercely competitive race for the human genome are anything to go by, theywill arrive faster than we might think. (para 8)Paraphrase:If we judge by the unexpected technological advances achieved in human genome which involves fierce competition, the achievements in the field of proteomics will be accomplished more quickly than we might think.Text B1. A controversial area of science that has hardly been out of the spotlight since the birth of its leading lady, Dolly, the sheep, is cloning. (para 1)Since the leading lady Dolly the sheep was born, cloning has long been/ seldom escaped from the focus of attention /has always received a lot of public attention as a much-debated area of science.2. Certainly it is the view of every serious scientist … on the grounds of safety alone. (Para. 3)Paraphrase:Every serious scientist surely thinks that it would be mad for anyone to clone a person today, only for the reason of health safety.3. This suggests that there is a great deal of plasticity in the growing embryo that still allows it to develop successfully even when a significant proportion of its genes are malfunctioning. (para 4) Paraphrase:It can be concluded from the cloning studies that the growing embryo can be greatly modified, which enables it to develop successfully even when the majority of genes are not functioning well.4. Personally I think it would be a very dangerous path to follow first of all, could we really be sure until it was too late that we were not creating people with a range of serious abnormalities? (para 5) Paraphrase:In my opinion, it would be very dangerous to clone a person because we could not be certain whether the people we were producing have any serious defects and diseases. It will be too late when we realize the dangers.5. It might be a very useful practical test of the importance of genes versus the environment, but would it be fair to subject a real human individual to such a test? (para 5)Paraphrase:It could probably be a very useful practical experiment in relation to the importance of interaction going on between genes and environment, but would it be fair to get a real human individual involved in such a dangerous test?6. Assessing how serious a possibility someone attempting to clone a baby is has not been helped by the various cranks and charlatans who have been making exaggerate claims in this respect. (para 6) Paraphrase:There are various weird people and fake experts who have been making unreal and impractical declaration that they would try to clone a baby. However, these could not help us to judge how possible the cloning baby is.7. An increasing problem is that pioneering research findings …. have no control over. (para. 8)Paraphrase:The scientists have used public money to do careful research work for years and yielded exploring/leading results, but now they may be wasted and abused by private interests the public can’t manage; this is a rising concern.Unit 4Text A1.In addition, the Freedom Tower will further its distinction as aworld-class model of energy efficiency and environmental sustainability. (Para. 1)Paraphrase:Moreover, the Freedom Tower will place greater emphasis on its features as a world -class example in making better use of energy and protecting environment for sustainability.2. This spectacular addition to our skyline will be a commanding architectural symbol while addressing the security concerns we face in today’s world.(para 4)Paraphrase:While solving the security problem in today’s world, the accession of the Freedom Tower to our skyline will be a dominating architectural symbol.3. Generous open spaces, filled with trees, water and places of respite that enliven the surrounding streets, connect the tower with theadjacent neighborhoods and allow views and access into the memorial. (para 6)Paraphrase:The wide green areas with trees, pools and resting places add liveliness to the nearby streets and link the Freedom Tower with the surroundings so that they enable people to see the scenery and enter the memorial.4. The redesigned Freedom T ower speaks to the government and private sector’s deep and abiding commitment to rebuild New Y ork City to the highest architectural, environmental and safety standards.（para 7)Paraphrase:The new design of the Freedom Tower reflects the public and private’s strong and lasting pledge which aims to rebuild New Y ork City on the basis of the highest standards of architecture, environment, and safety. 5. Environmental quality will also extend to construction of the Freedom T ower, which will feature waste reduction through recycling of construction materials. (para. 11)Paraphrase:The environmental quality will also be involved in the construction of Freedom Tower focusing on decreasing waste through construction materials’ recycling.Text B1. After all, who wants to work or live in a grand, iconic structure that stands out in a crowd and thus makes an inviting target? (Para 1) Paraphrase:After all, no one wants to work or live in a huge and symbolic building which is so distinguished among all that it is likely to be attacked.2. A lot of great buildings get erected because somebody wants to make their mark on the skyline. (para 2)Paraphrase:Lots of grand buildings are constructed as the developers want to become well-known with those impressive symbols on the skyline.Unit 6Text A1. … making paper copies of anything is a primitive use of machines and violates their very spirits. (para 1)Paraphrase:Using machines to make paper copies is backward and against the concept of the development of machines.Technologies have emerged one after another to help us do away with what Egyptians first made out of riverside reeds several millennia ago, including electronic date books, ever-shrinking laptops, and the never quite-ready e-book. (para 2)Paraphrase:Many new inventions, including e-calendars, smaller and smaller notebook computers and ever-changing e-books, are coming out successively to help us get rid of paper, which was invented in ancient Egypt and made of water plant leaf fiber.3. A primary pile of papers, adjacent to the open workspace at the center of the desk and probably next to the phone, contains what they call hot files, documents to be acted on immediately. (para 4) Paraphrase:An important pile of documents including those urgent “hot files” to be dealt with at once, is put next to the open workspace in the middle of the desk and possibly close to the phone.4. Cold files, the great preponderance of documents t hat don’t need immediate attention, fill file drawers farther away. (para 4) Paraphrase:As most “cold files” don’t have to be dealt with immediately, they are stuck in the drawers farther away.Text B1.Washington and Wall Street are bedeviled by a specter– the specter of dot-com start-ups and the rise of the nerd class. (Para 1) Paraphrase:The US government and financial world are haunted/troubled by a dreadful thing—the setting up of web firms and the increasing number of web fans.2.Surprisingly, the outcome of this conflict has a lot to say about whether we will still turn pages as we read. (Para 1)Paraphrase:It is surprising that the result of the battle between the paper culture and screen culture fully illustrates/reveals much whether we will still turnpages when we read.3.Screen culture is a world of constant flux, of endless sound bites, quick cuts and half-baked ideas. (para 4)Paraphrase:Screen culture is filled with continuous changes, never-stopping sound bites, rapid editions and deletions, and immature thoughts.4.Notions don’t stand alone but are massively interlinked to everything else; truth is not delivered by authors and authorities but is assembled by the audience. (para 4)Paraphrase:Ideas don’t exist separately but are closel y related with everything else; truth is not expressed by authors and authorities but is made up by the viewers and readers.Unit 7Text A1. This is a particularly unsettling line of inquiry for athletes or parents. (para 4)Paraphrase:The way of asking such a question especially causes athletes or parents to feel worried.2. The underlying theory is simple: All games involve achieving a goal despite the presence of an obstacle, but nowhere is it written that the obstacle has to be someone else. (para 6)Paraphrase:There is a fundamental theory beneath: The rule of all games is to reach a goal even though there is an obstacle, but it never says that this obstacle has to be somebody else.3. If a large number of people insist that we can’t do without win/lose activities, the first question to ask is whether they’ve ever tasted the alternative. (para 10)Paraphrase:If many people still hold the view that we cannot live without activities involving winning and losing, the first thing we should ask is if they have ever tried the other way.4. Studies have shown that feelings of self-worth become dependent on external sources of evaluation as a result of competition; yourvalue is defined by what you’ve done and who you’ve beaten. (para 11)Paraphrase:It is indicated from studies that the feelings of self-esteem gradually rely on assessments from the outside factors because of competition; people’s value is decided by the things they have done and the rivals they have defeated.Text B1.Furthermore, an element of score keeping is evident in the most innocent of children’s games. (para 3)Paraphrase:Moreover, a feature of winning / competing ahead of others is clear even in children’s most harmless games.2. This was a response to an attempt to recognize participation ahead of winning or losing at 4-H events, and was perceived by party leaders as promoting socialism. (para 4)Paraphrase:Joining in 4-H activities was a reaction to an attempt to realize/admit/accept that participation is more important than winning or losing, and was regarded by party leaders as improving socialism.3. As soon as this is established, they can refine and specialize their skills. (para 5)Paraphrase:Once they find their proper / appropriate social position, the young people can improve and major in their skills.4. The bulk of this research points to the improved social conditions associated with cooperation as opposed to competition. (para 7) Paraphrase:The majority of this research suggests / indicates that cooperation rather than competition improves social conditions.5.The context of the competition seems to excuse or suspend normal expectations of civility. (para 12)Paraphrase:It seems the settings of competition make people tolerate bad/ugly behaviors and suppress/ignore politeness as ordinarily expected.Unit 8Text A1.Solar power, wind turbines and other sources of clean power---thepreserve of visionaries and enthusiasts little more than a decade ago---are now poised on the brink of the mainstream, helped in no small part by the environmental deficiencies of fossil fuels. (para 2)Paraphrase:Largely because fossil fuels do some damage to the environment, solar power, wind turbines and other sources of clean power are now quite ready to replace the major sources of power, which used to be the field for people with great visions and enthusiasm to explore only about 10 years or so ago.2.Already a billion-pound business, projections indicate an annualgrowth rate for the next decade of 14 percent. (para 6) Paraphrase:Although the solar program is already worth billion pounds, it is still predicted that it will keep growing at a rate of 14% each year for the next 10 years.3.High hopes are pinned on the fuel cell, a technology forecast toreshape the world energy economy and odds-on to power transport systems of tomorrow by replacing petrol. (para 21) Paraphrase:Fuel cell is a technology predicted to transform the world energy economy and it is very likely to take the place of petrol to give power in the future transport systems; as a consequence, people put a lot of hopes on it.4.Again, its green credentials are indisputable: fuel cells releasenothing more damaging into the atmosphere than water vapor.(para 21)Paraphrase:It is definite to argue once more that, with certain green qualities, the fuel cell lets out into the atmosphere nothing damaging, only water vapor.Text B1.The solar panels provide an exciting demonstration for thecampus community of the power of cutting edgetechnology…(para 5)Paraphrase:Excitingly, the solar panels display in front of people on campus the power of a technology that is at the very frontier…2.As laboratories for learning and natural gathering centers for thecommunity, schools are an excellent venue to demonstrate the viability of solar technologies. (para 6)Paraphrase:Acting like the laboratories for learning and the common place for people in the same area to gather together naturally, schools are a perfect place to show the possibility we can have with solar technologies.3.Such solicitations are geared toward “raising visibility andacceptability of renewable energy and to help create a sustained demand for renewables.” (para 4)Paraphrase:The requests are adjusted to make renewable energies visible and accepted and create a continuous demand for them4.As the term “sustainability”gains currency, more and moreeducators are looking to provide hands-on learning opportunities for their students. (para 8)Paraphrase:As the word “sustainability”becomes more popular and accepted by more people, more and more educators are seeking to give their students available learning chances.。

Paraphrase(北京林业大学研究生英语学位考资料)

2018年1月8日研究生学位考试题

北京林业大学 2014年“外国语言文学”硕士研究生招生 考试大纲(英语翻译与英语国家文化)

北京林业大学研究生英语学位考听力、口语参考资料

北京林业大学翻译硕士基础英语考研模拟题

北京林业大学 研究生 学位考 综合英语 词汇 选择题

北京林业大学研究生学位考农林英语翻译答案

2020年北京林业大学翻译硕士MTI考研真题及考研参考书

北京林业大学“外国语言文学”硕士研究生招生考试大纲.doc

(完整word版)Paraphrase(北京林业大学研究生英语学位考资料)

综合英语第三册paraphrase(带答案)

2017年北京林业大学风景园林硕士专业学位考研备考历年真题考研英语

【考研英语】2021年1月北京林业大学研究生招生考试英语练习题100道(附答案解析)

北京市研究生英语学位课统考(GET)答案2010年6月 2010.6.27keys

paraphrase题型要求

(完整word版)Paraphrase(北京林业大学研究生英语学位考资料)

北京林业大学 2014年“外国语言文学”硕士研究生招生考试大纲(英语翻译与英语国家文化)

北京林业大学研究生学位考综合英语词汇选择题