初中英语语法——不定冠词和定冠词的用法-word文档

初中英语语法——不定冠词和定冠词的用法不定冠词的用法

冠词a/an的用法如下:

1. 泛指某人或某物，但不具体说明是何人或何物。

A leaf falls much more slowly than a stone.

I saw a man in the darkness, but I couldn't make out who it was.

2. 指代一类人或事物。

该用法并不表示具体的某一个人或事物的，而是表示一类人或事物，一般不译为“一”。

A doctor is a person who saves people's lives.

A knife is a tool for cutting with.

3. 表示数量中的一。

意义上接近one，但数量概念比one弱，此时常译为“一”。

There is a table and four chairs in that dining room.

There is going to be an English lecture this evening.

4. 表示单位量词的“每一”。

用于表示时间、速度、价格等含义的名词之前，有“每一.......”的意思。

Take three pills a day and you'll get better soon.

The light blinks once a second.

5. 用于集体名词、物质名词、抽象名词、专有名词前。

(1) 用于集体名词前

I was put into a large class last term.

Mary and John are a happy couple.

(2) 用于物质名词前

物质名词，如coffee, food, tea, fruit, rain, snow, wind等在表示“一种”、“一场”、“一杯”等意义时，常加不定冠词。

An unexpected rain fell this morning in the small town.

I'd prefer a coffee and a chicken sandwich, Sir.

(3)用于抽象名词前

Working with Jane is a great joy.

As a writer, she is a success; but as a teacher, shes a failure.

(4)用于专有名词前

专有名词本身表示特指，其前一般不用任何冠词。但是表示具有某种特性的人或物、某一个不认识的人或者某一个不确定的时间时，专有名词前需要加不定冠词。

A Mr.White wants to see you this afternoon.

The story took place in a September in the 1980s.

6. 用于有形容词、短语和从句修饰的不可数名词前。

不可数名词如education , history, knowledge, population 等，在表述其某一部分或者某一方面的内容、概念时，前面常加不定冠词。

China is an Asian country with a long history.

A college education is becoming more and more popular among young people.

7. 用于序数词前，表示“又一; 再一”。

I want a second cup of coffee.

Do you want a second chance?

8. 用于同源宾语前

在同源宾语中，与动词同源的名词前要加不定冠词。

Last night, I dreamed a terrible dream.

The little girl smiled a friendly smile.

9. 用于表示动词意义的名词前语动词构成固定短语。

有动词意义的名词在与动词have, take, make, give 等构成动词短语表示一种非延续性的动作时，该名词前的不定冠词一般不能缺少。

have a look have a walk have a rest have a try

give a smile give a shout make a choice make a decision

10.用于固定搭配中。

a great deal of make a move for a while as a rule all of a sudden

as a result in a hurry after a while have a good time make a living

三. 定冠词的用法

事物，是定冠词的主要功能。在辅音音素前读[ ðə ]，在元音音素前读[ ði ]，意为“这，那，这些，那些”。

1. 用于特指的和说话双方都知道的人或事物。

Do you know the woman standing at the gate of the school？

Is this the book that you are looking for？

Look at the blackboard, Lily.

2. 用于指代上文提到的人或事物。

I bought a book yesterday. The book is very interesting.