2016中考英语：短文填空题(12选10)答题指导与练习

2016中考英语：短文填空题(12选10)答题指导与练习

2016中考英语：短文填空题(12选10)答题指导与练习

一、短文填空题型说明

短文填空也叫综合填空，其特点是将一篇短文中的若干个词抽出后，要求考生根据短文的意思，在每个空格中填上一个词，使短文意思完整正确。它是测试同学们理解能力及对词汇、语法和习惯用法等的掌握情况的一种形式。这是中考中一个比较难的项目。其原因是考点不明确：凡涉及英文的理解、词汇、语法和习惯用法的都可以考。内容更是包罗万象：天文地理、历史人文、科技发展、旅游广告等。要求同学们在读通、读懂的基础上，填出符合内容和语法的词或词组。凡是课文中学到的词汇和语法都是考试的范围，各种介词、副词和习惯用法也会经常考到。尤其对于长句子，特别要注意其结构，要精确地分析句子成分。在做综合填空时，要养成快速阅读全文的习惯。句子读得越快越长，理解的精度就越高。根据其难度的不同又分为选词填空题、限词填空题和自由填空题。

二、短文填空解题思路

1. 跳过空格，通读短文，了解大意。解题时先跳过空格，通读完形填空的短文，了解全篇的内容和要旨。要重视首句，善于以首句的时态、语气为立足点，理清文脉，推测全文时态、主题及大意。

2. 复读短文，确定语义，判断词形。把握短文大意后再认真复读短文，利用上下文的语境，结合所学过的知识，先确定空格处所需词语的意义，再根据空格在句子中的位置，判断其在句中充当的成分，从而确定所填词的词性，再依据词语搭配和语法规则，判断所填的词的正确形式。

3. 三读短文，上下参照，验证答案。在短文的空白处分别填上一个词后，将完成的短文再细读一遍，上下参照，连贯思考。可从上、下文内容是否协调一致、顺理成章，语法结构是否正确无误等进行综合验证，凡有疑问必须重新推敲考虑。

三、做短文填空题的注意之处

1. 语义完整、适用是做好填词的前提，要从全文的内容出发，前后上下联系起来考虑，避免“只见树木，不见森林”的错误。

2. 要善于从文中同样结构或类似结构中寻找线索，从中得到提示和启发，帮助确定应填词的词性和词形，这样可避免想当然地随意乱填。

3. 填词时应注意词形，不可简单地都填原形词。若空格内填的是名词，要考虑其单复数形式;若填的是形容词或副词，则要考虑其是否属于比较等级;如若填的是动词，则要特别注意考虑其时态和语态。如在句首，还要考虑其首字母的大写。

4. 有些空格需要填入介词、连词等，除考虑上下文的内容外，还要考虑和其他词的固定搭配及其习惯用法。

5. 选词填空题和限词填空题一般只有一个答

案，自由填空题虽然可能允许有多个正确答案，但只能选择其中一个填入，因为完形填空题每个空格只准填写一个单词，多填反而出错。

1

Pass use open close with break help so other another pleasant do

American people like to say “Thank you”whenever others __________ them or say something kind to them. People of many countries do __________, too. It is a very good habit(习惯).

You should say “thank you”when someone __________ you the salt on the table, when someone walking ahead of you keeps the door ________ for you, when someone says you have _________ your work well, or you have bought a nice thing, or your city is very be autiful. “Thank you” is _________ not only between friends, but also between parents and

children, brothers and sisters, husbands and wives. “Excuse me” is _________ short sentence they use. When you hear someone say so behind you, you know that somebody wants to walk past you _______ touching you.

It’s not polite to ________ others while they are talking. If you want to speak to one of them, say “Excuse me”first, and then begin talking. You should also do so when you want to cough or make any ________ noise before others.

Let’s all learn to say “Thank you”and “Excuse me”.

2

Snow rain become get from lose write put in care wet dry

Once Einstein(爱因斯坦) was waiting for

a friend on a bridge. While waiting, he became ___________ in thought (陷入沉思). It began _________. The rain kept on for some time. When Einstein _________ out a piece of paper ________ his pocket __________ something down, the paper was __________ and then he knew that it was raining. His clothes _________wet from the rain. But after he _________ the paper into his pocket, he again forgot he was standing ________ the rain.

Many scientists are careless about how they live. That is because they are too ________ in their studies.

3

Ask like for cut soon have pass past why meet if agree

A barber( 理发师) was working when a tall man came in with a boy of about ten after