新世纪大学英语(第二版)综合教程第4册Unit8讲解
新世纪英语专业综合教程(第二版)第4册 Unit8
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Cultural information
The Psychological Aspects of Amputation Regardless of the cause of the amputation, an amputee will probably go through basically the same psychological stages. Some may go through the grieving process in a short time, while others will suffer several months. However, it is important that one acknowledge and understand the process as he is going through each stage, for it possibly helps him to survive psychologically.
Audiovisual supplement
Cultural information
From Forrest Gump
Audiovisual supplement
Cultural information
Forrest: Where‟s Momma? Black woman: She‟s upstairs. Mrs Gump: Hah, Forrest! Doctor: I‟ll see you tomorrow. Mrs Gump: Fine. Doctor: Sure got you straightened out, didn‟t we boy? Forrest: What‟s the matter, Momma? Mrs. Gump: I‟m dyin‟, Forrest. Come on in, sit down over here. Forrest: Why are you dyin‟, Momma? Mrs. Gump: It‟s my time. It‟s just my time. Oh, now, don‟t you be afraid, sweetheart. Death is just a part of life. It‟s something we‟re all destined to do. I didn‟t know it, but I was destined to be your momma. I did the best I could.
新世纪英语综合教程第4册习题答案
新世纪英语综合教程第4册习题答案Book 4 Unit 1 Man and Nature6) output 7) retreat 8) abandoned 9) trace 10) eternal 11) investment 12) transfer13) justify 14) nonetheless 15) contributions 16) accelerate 17) threatenP20 2. 1) show signs of 2) called upon 3) off limits 4) in fear of 5) slow down 6) cut down7) from head to foot 8) come by 9) lost out 10) As yet 11) resideP21 1. smoke+fog web+log breakfast+lunch medical +caremotor+hotel net+citizen science+fiction work+alcoholic5) modern primitive 6) natural synthetic 7) nearby distant 8) optimistic pessimistic2) He asked how we were getting along with our work.3) Jack said to me that I would be happy to know that his condition had improved.4) Rose asked Jack whether he was sure his mother would like the idea.5) He asked John how long he had been waiting for them.6) She said I needn't have done all that myself.P23 2. 1) The strikers protested to the police that they had no right to arrest them.2) He promised that he would give us whatever assistance we needed.3) He agreed (that) that was the best solution to the problem.4) My sister admitted that it was she who had broken the glass.5) He declared that he meant what he said and would never go back on his word.6) The man insisted that we give an explanation of what had happened.7) Mrs. Don't complained that no one showed concern for the elderly in that country.8) The sales manager explained that he couldn't give us a definite answer because he had not received instructions from hisP25 1. 1) The village is so close to the border that the villagers live in constant fear of attacks from the enemy.2) In only twenty years the country was transformed into an advanced industrial power.3) This company has evolved into one of the major chemical manufacturing bases in this region.4) Given the current financial situation, it is inevitable that the US dollar will be further devalued.5) The government's call for suggestions about the control of water pollution produced very little response from the citizens.6) The weather showed no signs of getting better so the government called upon us to get prepared for floods.7) At one time scientists thought that there was nothing smaller than an atom but now most people know that an atom consistsof even smaller particles.8) The students were all very much concerned about the World Cup, spending at least two hours every day watching the live matches on TV.9) The department store lost out because loans were very hard to come by and it could not start business on time.10) We can't go there for a walk because there is a navy base there, which is off limits to tourists.P26 2. Human brings live in the realm of nature. They are not only dwellers in nature, but also transformers of it. With the development of society and its economy, people tend to become less dependent on nature directly, but indirectly their dependence grows. Human beings are connected with nature by "blood" ties. No one can live outside nature. However, the previous dynamic balance between man and nature has shown signs of breaking down. Problems such as the population explosion, ecological imbalance and the shortage of natural resources have become major factors keeping human society from being further developed. Professor Spirkin holds that the only choice for human beings is the wise organization of productionSample essay: My Understanding of Environmental ProtectionMan and the environment are closely related. Man relies on the environment for water, food and shelter. A harmonious relationship between man and environment is essential for human survival on the earth.However, man and the environment have never b een on such bad terms as they are now. As society develops, man’s transformation of nature has severely polluted his living environment. Deforestation leads to changes in rainfall patterns, causing devastating floods, droughts and sandstorms. The discharge of chemical pollutants endangers our health and the lives of other beings. And mass production has resulted in the shortage of irreplaceable natural resources such as coal and oil. If we take no immediate and effective steps to protect our environment, human beings may be the next species to become extinct.We should do our best to protect our environment by planting more trees, taking care of wildlife, reducing industrial wastes, using renewable energy, and imposing heavy fines on environmentally-unfriendly activities, so as to preserve the environment for future generations.Book 4 Unit 2 Man and TechnologyP48 1. 1) monitor 2) phenomenon 3) isolation 4) gradual 5) opponent 6) advent7) genetic 8) consciously 9) extreme 10) nasty 11) boom 12) formal13) soar 14) survey 15) Similarly 16) modify 17) roughP49 2. 1) at the same time 2) are stuck with 3) for certain 4) make no difference 5) on average6) when it comes to 7) depends on 8) built into 9) come to mind 10) at workP49 1. 1) technological technology 2) eternal eternity 3) miraculous miracle 4) relevant relevance5) analytical analysis 6) luxurious luxury 7) leisurely leisure 8) subjective subject9) prosperous prosperity 10) innovative innovationP50 2. 1)multi-cultural 2) multi-faith 3) multiform 4) multifunction 5) multi-ethnic6) multilateral 7) multi-lingual 8) multimedia 9) multimillionaire 10) multinational1) a multi-faith society 2) a multi-lingual secretary 3) a multimillionaire4) a multinational motor-manufacturing corporation 5) a multifunction video camera6) a multi-ethnic community 7) a multimedia dictionary 8) multi-cultural education9) a multilateral trade negotiation 10) multiform technological cooperation3. 1) j 2) c 3) b 4) i 5) a 6) g 7) d 8) e 9) f 10) hP51 4. 1) creative creativity 2) cruel cruelty 3) equal equality 4) local locality 5) major majority6) minor minority 7) original originality 8) pure purity 9) regular regularity 10) superior superiority2) They would probably allow you to do the job if you were in better health.3) They wouldn’t work with such enthusiasm if they didn’t know what they were working for.4) I would have to look it up in the dictionary if I didn’t know the meaning of the word.5) She would understand what we say if she knew Chinese.6) I would be quite satisfied if you spoke with greater accuracy.P53 2. 1) If we knew where he was, we would try to get in touch with him.2) If it were not for the expense involved, we would go there by plane.3) If we were to miss the train, we would have to wait another four hours.4) If we pooled all our resources, we would have enough money to buy the equipment.1) emphasize 2) opposite 3) improved 4) luxuries 5) benefited6) obviously 7) consciously 8) fractures 9) eternal 10) groundbreakingP54 1. 1) He really knows a lot about theory, but when it comes to actual work, he seems to be quite ignorant.2) The latest survey shows / showed that the majority of the citizens support / supported the government’s plan to build a ne w library.3) The two countries could reach agreement successfully on scientific and technological cooperation because several factors favorable to their cooperation had been at work.4) I saw the film when I was in the primary school, but the title just won’t come to mind for the moment.5) He has been stuck with heavy debt though he works about twelve hours every day on average.6) Is it necessary to know his height? To me, it is not relevant to whether he can be a good lawyer or not.7) The cupboard is built into the wall so that it both saves space and is convenient to use.8) These workers earn more than we do, but the other side of the coin is their job is more dangerous.9) Helen majors in economics at the university and at the same time she studies philosophy as her second major.10) What is most important is that you must find out and solve the problems by yourselves. It makes no difference whether I go there or not.P55 2. Nowadays, many people are enjoying the benefits brought about by material and technological advances unimaginable in previous eras. With the development of science and technology, people’s standard of livi ng is getting higher and higher. People’s life expectancy has soared, too.However, oddly enough, many people do not feel happier than they used to be. It can be seen that there is no close correlation between people’s income and their happiness. Happiness cannot, after all, be bought with money.Although the majority of people are not very satisfied with their lives, they are happy to be alive, and the more time they get on earth, the better off they feel they’ll be. What is important is that material weal th is far from enough. People needAmong the many technological inventions, the mobile phone impresses me most.The mobile phone brings considerable convenience to our lives. It not only enables us to keep in touch with each other almost anytime and anywhere but also helps us solve problems or do business efficiently. In emergencies, a mobile phone can even be a life-saver. Besides, its multi-functions add ease and color to our lives. With a mobile phone, we can receive mail, read news, listen to music, play games, and take pictures.Yet, the mobile phone has its disadvantages, too. Most of us have experienced the nuisance of unwanted or wrong calls. We are inconvenienced by calls on occasions when we least expect one. Besides, the technology infrastructure to support mobile communication has consumed valuable natural resources and caused significant environmental problems. It is reported that electromagnetic radiation waves from the phone may result in health problems.Despite its negative side, the advantages of the mobile phone outweigh its disadvantages. I believe that with advances in science and technology, improved and safer models of mobile phones will surely serve us still better.Book 4 Unit 3 Knowledge and knowledge transferP75 1. d g e f b a h c9) predict 10) inevitably 11) absorbed 12) sheer 13) refining 14) paralyzed 15) exchangeP80 2. 1) In a way 2) act on 3) to such an extent that 4) opens up 5) close off 6) look intoP81 1. fax-facsimile fridge-refrigerator auto-automobile memo-memorandumburger-hamburger poli-sci - political science demo-demonstration sub-substitute; submarineflu-influenza zoo -zoological garden2. Kingdom 王国；领域fatherhood ⽗亲的⾝份（或资格）adulthood 成年brotherhood ⼿⾜之情，同胞之爱freedom ⾃由；⾃主dukedom 公爵的爵位likeliness可能性neighborhood 街坊，四邻；住宅区wisdom 智慧，才智womanhood ⼥⼦成年期；⼥⼦⽓质3. 1) positive 2) certain 3) less 4) unknown 5) completeP83 1. 1) If they hadn’t broken away from the out-of-date regulation, they wouldn’t have made great advances in their work.2) If t hey hadn’t taken proper care of her, she wouldn’t have recovered so rapidly.3) The conference wouldn’t have been so successful if we hadn’t made adequate preparations.4) We would have had a hard time if we hadn’t followed the right instructio ns.5) The flood would have caused great damage to our property if we hadn’t built so many reservoirs.6) They would have succeeded in the experiment if they had followed the right procedure.2. 1) If English hadn’t become a language of international business after World War II, most developing countries wouldn’t have required students to study it at school.2) If William hadn’t invaded England in 1066, the English language wouldn’t have had many words of French origin.3) If moder n English hadn’t developed from several different languages, the grammar and spelling rules wouldn’t have been so irregular.4) If England hadn’t been conquered by the Normans in 1066, French wouldn’t have become the main language of theP85 1. 1) Most people strongly believe that the court will no doubt punish the bank robbers severely.2) The medical workers overcame one difficulty after another in their long-term quest for a cure for the disease.3) Acting on the information they received, the police closed off the streets and caught the bank robbers.4) We were amazed at learning that the newly-built TV factory can produce 500,000 TV sets in the first year.5) The government is looking into the causes of so many layoffs and is trying to help the laid-off workers to be re-employed.6) To expand the sales of its product, the company has taken up various measures to open up new markets and to improve its services.7) He has neglected his studies to such an extent that I am afraid it is impossible for him to catch up with the other students ina month.8) The fireworks factory was closed last month for failing to comply with the government safety regulations.9) It remains to be seen whether our football team can beat its opponents.10) Mr. Smith predicted that the recent oil discoveries, together with the use / employment of new technologies, would lead toa decline in the price of crude oil.P86 2. We all know that knowledge is power but we are seldom aware of how difficult knowledge transfer is. According to Victoria Griffith, there are many barriers to knowledge transfer and lack of trust is one of the major ones.It seems to her that people are only to absorb knowledge readily from those they know and trust. For example, in the early 17th century, Galileo argued that the earth and other planets move around the sun, but this knowledge was rejected by the general populations at that time because the Italian over three hundred years ago trusted the Roman Catholic Church more than they trusted science. What was worse, Galileo had to spend the rest of his life under house arrest for his ideas.Knowledge transfer is a human phenomenon and plays a very important role in the process of human evolution. With the knowledge accumulated over generations, human beings can now build and transform societies with unprecedented knowledge resources.However, there are many barriers to knowledge transfer. For example, lack of trust and resistance to change undermine the transfer of knowledge. People are less likely to acquire knowledge from those whom they don’t trust or to adopt new theories and practices they are not familiar with. Cultural and language barriers also hamper the transfer of knowledge between nations or ethnic groups. It would be almost impossible for people who speak different languages or dialects with different cultural backgrounds to communicate effecitvely, not to mention exchanging knowledge.An underdeveloped economy is another barrier to knowledge transfer. The lack of socio-economic and techno-environmental cooperation, as well as poor communications infrastructure, can greatly hinder the flow of knowledge within and between nations.To remove these barriers, people should change their attitude towards knowledge transfer and the learning of foreign languages and cultures. At the same time, efforts should be made to develop a better world economy.Book 4 Unit 4 Work and careerP107 1. 1) mass 2) gambled 3) voluntary 4) hunted 5) classified 6) abolished 7) division 8) senseless 9) fashions10)coordination 11) declarations 12) spanned 13)recommends/recommended14)moderately 15) slightestP109 2. 1) stands/stood a chance 2) ruled out 3) worthy of 4) gone through 5) in the strict sense6) At a guess 7) earns a living 8) coincide with 9) gone in for 10) got their teeth intoP109 planetary congratulatory祝贺的；contradictory⽭盾的，对⽴的；customary通常的，习惯的，惯例的；documentary公⽂的，⽂件的；explanatory解释的；说明的；imaginary想象中的，虚构的；introductory介绍的，导⾔的；legendary传说（中）的，传奇的；migratory迁徙的，移居的；visionary有远见的；不实际的P110 1) imaginary 2) congratulatory 3) Migratory 4)documentary5) legendary 6) introductory 7) contradictory 8) explanatoryP111 2. 1) vocation 2) posts 3) trade 4) job 5) work 6) profession 7)career 8) positionP112 1. 1) I don’t remember having borrowed/ borrowing anything from you.2) She’ll stay here for a couple of weeks before going on to New York.3) The prospect of Profesor Smith’s coming to see us cheered us all.4) Jim, a man of strong character, naturally didn’t give in.5) Arriving at the school gate, ha found his classmates had already assembled.2. 1) He was afraid of falling behind the others..2) We were all amused at Henr y’s running after the dog in his slippers.3) Have they informed you of the change in the plan ?4) We’re grateful to you for having given us so much help.post of general manager of the company.2) She is very satisfied with her new job as it coincides with her interests.3) I bought this shirt because the price was reduced from 300 yuan to 80 yuan.4) To bring her children up, the mother really went through all kinds of hardships.5) The police have ruled out murder in the case of the old lady’s death.6) The municipal government promised to take effective steps as soon as possible to solve the problems of air pollution.7) I did not go in for the Campus Tennis Championships held last month because of my injured leg.8) If you can get the support of the majority of the girls, you stand a good chance of winning the election and becoming Chairman of the Students Union.9) Not all the books he wrote were as successful as this one so I recommend that you borrow it from the library and read it.10) At the 2004 Athens Olympic Games Liu Xiang won the championship of the men’s 110-meter hurdles and broke the world record, which had been previously held by an American athlete.P115 2. Some people think that they’ve fulfilled their tasks as long as they go on duty and come off duty on time. They never think about what is meant by “work” and why they should work at all. In fact, “work” involves such qualities as wisdom, enthusiam, imagination and creativity.To do his work well, a worker must have a spirit of dedication, and be capable of bearing hardships and standing hard work. In addition, he should have initiative and creativity. Having initiative means the worker should be ready to grasp every opportunity to display his outstanding ability.In addition, a worker should make clear the nature and significance of the work he does, be responsible for whatever he is doing and plunge himself into the work with vigorous enthusiasm. If he can do so, he willl find a job no longer a burden but an indispensable part of his life. Whatever he does, he can always find values and pleasure in the work and achieve extraordinaryWhen it comes to the choice of career different people consider the matter from different perspectives. Personally I prefer to be a teacher.I have three reasons for my decision. The first reason is that the profession of teaching is in agreement with my personality. Being an outgoing, patient and understanding person, I think I am able to communicate with my students and understand their feelings easily, which constitutes an important factor in ensuring success in teaching. The second reason is that I am interested in the job. It would always give me great joy and satisfaction to see the happy faces of my students, to share my knowledge and life experience with them and to participate in their process of growing up. The third reason is related to my occupational attitude. I always believe that school teachers all over the world are respected for their profound knowledge and higher social status. I have always held my teachers in respect and I hope I would be respected as a teacher, too, in the future.I think teaching is an ideal career for me. Being a university student now, I will work hard to realize my dream.Practice Test 1 Listening script on Page 275Keys on the textbook Page 279Book 4 Unit 5 Fame and Success8) publicity 9) sufficiently 10) sympathy 11) target 12) educate 13) commerce 14) alike15) bored 16) audiences 17) regard 18) assureP158 2. 1) thrown out 2) and so on 3) for dear life 4) dedicate himself to5) was tired of 6) turn away 7) hang on 8) for the sake ofP159 1. automate—automation housekeep—housekeeperbabysit— babysitter mass-produce — mass-productionbook-keep — book-keeping self-destruct — self-destructiondry-clean — dry-cleaning window-shop — window-shoppingedit— editor wordprocess— wordprocessorP159 2. 1) reached / secured 2) achieved / attained 3) attained / reached4) reach / secure 5) achieved / realized / fulfilled 6) fulfill / meet / satisfyP160 3. 1) dull 2) competitive 3) same 4) momentary 5) specificP160 1. 1) (real) subject 2) object to the verb “make”3) predicate 4) a ttribute modifying “opportunity”5) object complement 6) adverbial of purpose 7) adverbial of result 8) predicative9) attribute modifying “person”10) independent element2. 1) To become a famous writer 2) to take traveler’s checks3) to employ a young engineer4) take the machine apart 5) To understand the situation completely 6) to rise higher in position7) to find that the train had left 10 minutes before 8) to apply for a known job opening2) The president has announced that he will not seek re-election at the end of his first term.3) The young teacher is skilled at motivating his students to study hard.4) She loves giving parties and does os whenever she can find an excuse.5) I’m afraid that you’ll have to compete with at least fifty people for an administrative post in this company.6) To be frank, I don’t think you stand a good chance of getting promoted even i f you are loyal to the company.7) It was obvious that his speech aroused the sympathy of the audience for the victims of the earthquake.8) Though he has repeatedly assured me of his ability to promote our company’s products, I’ll give him another intervi ew before hiring him.9) The company’s investment ended in failure due to the wrong strategic decisions of the general manager and so the board of directors decided to throw him out.10) I know you are tired but try to hang on a little bit longer. We will reach the peak in half an hour.P164 2. Many people want to be famous because fame can bring them both honor and respect form the public. In most cases, fame can also help them gain wealth. But, after all, very few people can really become famous while most people, including most artists, are unlikely to become famous.It is true that some failure for some people at certain times in their lives does motivate them to strive even harder so as to achieve final success. For example, Thomas Edison, the famous American inventor, had tried hundreds of materials before he finally found the suitable fuse for the electric bulb. However, unfortunately, for most people failure is the end of their struggle.Therefore, in my opinion, success is one thing and fame is an other. As long as you have tried your best, you’re alreadySample essay: Fame — Good or EvilFame has always been pursued by many people for the advantages it brings about. Fame can assure one of a high social status, high regard, great admiration, etc. Fame can also bring one wealth as a celebrity has more chances to earn big money. Besides, the applauses and flowers from the fans may boost one's self-confidence and increase one's sense of fulfillment.However, fame can ruin one's life, too. It deprives one of his privacy. As a public figure, he is often chased by fans and journalists, and his private life never escapes the media's attention or public curiosity. Fame also places one under great pressure. He has to work in line with public expectations and thus becomes the slave of his own success.So fame is a double-edged sword. I don't seek fame and I don't envy those who are famous. I highly appreciate what the American poet Henry Wadsworth Longfellow says about fame: "The talent of success is nothing more than doing well whatever you do without a thought of fame".Book 4 Unit 6 Attitudes to LifeP187 1. 1) commonplace 2)enduring 3)dim 4)command 5)imperfection 6)intensive 7)abandon 8)finite9)mean 10)weaving 11)additional 12)aspiration 13)gratitude 14)endless 15)faithful 16)committedP188 2. 1) live on 2)dawned upon 3)live by 4)is invested with 5)hold fast to6)all too 7)step aside 8)set out 9)to and fro 10)work atP189 1.alternative comparative creative defensive constructive effective explosive impressive initiative relative1) take effective measures 2) a new kind of explosive 3) the only alternative 4) defensive weapons5) an impressive speech 6) a comparative study of Chinese and western cultures 7) take the initiative to donate blood8) a creative musician 9) a distant relative 10) a constructive proposal2. additional—add pleasant—please beautiful—beautify prosperous—prospercontradictory—contradict radiant—radiant deaf—deafen relentless—relentdifferent—differ respectful—respect intensive—intensify sparkling—sparkleminimal—minimize wonderful—wonder opposite—oppose withered—wither3. 1) provide care (for); receive care; take care; take care of2) give sb. A chance; have a/ the chance; stand a chance (of)3) show concern for; express concern about; voice one’s concern4) agree to one’s demand; give in to one’s demand; give up a demand; make demands on; meet a demand; satisfy a demand5) accumulate experiences; acquire an experience; gain experience; learn from experience6) be filled with fear; be seized with fear; express fear; live in fear (of); for fear of; for fear that (clause)7) accept gift; exchange gifts with; give a gift; present sb. with a gift; receive a gift8) arouse hope; boost one’s hope; bring/give hope to sb.; fulfill a/ the hope; lose hope; raise one’s hope9) build up one’s strength; develop/ find /gain/gather/save one’s strengthP191 2. 1) Emma is an expert in/ on organic farming.2) There is a greater demand for cars these days.3) The computer has had a great impact on our modern life.4) Henry has a talent for making people laugh.5) Many people in this country are demanding a reduction in taxes.P191 1) wither 2) sense 3) faithful 4) commit 5) aspirations 6) gratitude 7) dawns 8) accumulatedcountry on behalf of his government.2) All the way on the train I had been preoccupied with the result of the term examination until the conductor reminded me of the arrival of my destination.3) Although her husband’s name did not appear on the list of the people who got killed in the traffic accident, she kept walking to and fro, anxious to see him back home sooner .4) I was setting out to translate the contract into English when it dawned upon me that both parties involved were Chinese companies.5) At the party, people sang and danced with abandon, totally forgetting the troubles in their lives .6) With the great aspirations to become an astronaut, Jackson committed himself to the 2-year strenuous constitution training.7) His paintings, drawing on timeless fairy stories, exemplified the Europeans’ taste of that period.8) The bus driver didn’t want to take any responsibility for the ac cident and so he took every means to put the blame on the passengers on board.9) He not only risked his own life to save the old man from the burning house but made some room in his own house for him to settle down.10) From childhood, she tried to live by the teachings of her parents and gradually accumulated a set of standards of conduct.P193 2. What is truth? Truth is the correct reflection of people’s knowledge about the objective world and its laws. Truth makes people full of hope and life full of brilliance and glory. Therefore, many people regard the pursuit of truth as the ultimate goal of their lives to the truth and make understanding contributions to mankind.Truth is both absolute and relative. We say that truth is absolute because truth can objectively reflect the essential of things. However, any truth is but people’s correct understanding of the development of things at a certain stage. Therefore, truth is relative and develops constantly.Sometimes, the brilliance of truth may dim but it will never die out. For some people, truth may seem beyond their reach.People hold different attitudes towards life. Some take a positive attitude and they always appreciate the beauty of life with zeal and gratitude. Some take a negative attitude towards life and any slight trouble in life may seem like the end of the world to them.A positive attitude ensures a happy, successful and healthy life. With a positive attitude, people find it easy to accept challenges and overcome obstacles while maintaining peace of mind. Besides, a positive attitude boosts their self-esteem, lifts their morale and helps them fulfill their commitments both in their career and in their everyday life. Moreover, medical research shows that positive thinking can improve the immune system and strengthen the body's resistance to diseases. There are several ways to develop a positive attitude towards life. One needs to think positively, read uplifting stories, hang around with optimistic people, give up jealousy, and participate in meaningful activities. By building a positive attitude towards life, one can enjoy a happy, successful and healthy life.Book 4 Unit 7 Lifestyles10)simplified 11)trade 12)downsize 13)numerous fraction 15)plain 16)thereby 17)rollingP218 2. 1) keeps track of 2)it turned out that 3)strip down to 4)take an interest in 5)in return6)is all of a piece 7)for good 8)write out 9)eat out 10)look back 11)cut outP219 1. 1)autobiography 2)combine 3)counterattack 4)exclude 5)extracurricular6)interact 7)interrelate 8)recycle 9)refresh 10)transform2. North Atlantic Treaty Organization 北⼤西洋公约组织Beginner's All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code 初学者通⽤符号指令码Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries ⽯油输出国组织、欧佩克。
新世纪大学英语(第二版)综合教程第4册Unit8讲解
Electronic Teaching PortfolioBook FourUnit Eight: GlobalizationPart I Get StartedSection A Discussion▇Work in pairs or groups and discuss the following questions.1. What do you know about globalization?2. What has globalization contributed to the world economy?3. What negative effects has globalization brought about?▇ Answers for reference:1. Globalization has been a commonly used term since the late twentieth century. It simply means that the world has become integrated economically, socially, politically and culturally through the advances in technology, transportation and communication. It is the collaboration of countries to boost trade, and to reduce cultural differences.2. Globalization has contributed to the world’s economy in many beneficial ways.First, the advances in science and technology have allowed businesses to cross over frontiers easily. Consequently, companies tend to become more productive and competitive, thus raising the quality of goods, services and living standards. Second, globalization provides companies with more and larger markets. They can sell more goods and make more money. Meanwhile, they can create more jobs. Last but not least, consumers can also benefit from globalization. As products become cheaper, they can get new goods more quickly and easily.3. Though globalization has a lot of advantages, it also produces some negative effects. First, globalization results in more unemployment in industrialized countries because many factories have moved to developing countries where they can get cheap labour. Second, it causes some environmental problems. As companies in the developed countries open their factories in developing countries, serious environmental problems have occurred in some developing countries. Last, the natural resources of some of the developing countries are being robbed of by some developed countries in the process of globalization.Section B Quotes▇Study the following quotes about globalization and discuss in pairs what you can learn from them.Jeffrey Sachs⊙Globalization was a deep trend pushed by technology and right ideas, as much as anything else.—Jeffrey SachsInterpretation:Everything has its law of development. The same is true of globalization. Driven by technology and right ideas, it has progressed rapidly and will develop in depth.About Jeffrey David Sachs (1954- ): an American economist and Director of the Earth Institute at Columbia University. He is one of the youngest economics professors in the history of Harvard University. He is known for his work on the challenges of economic development, environmental sustainability, poverty alleviation, debt cancellation, and globalization.Robert Reich⊙Globalization and free trade do spur economic growth, and they lead to lower prices on many goods.—Robert ReichInterpretation:Stimulated by globalization and free trade, the world economy grows rapidly. At the same time, globalization and free trade have brought in fierce competition, and affordable prices have benefited consumers in a great way.About Robert Bernard Reich (1946- ): an American political economist, professor, author, and political commentator. He served in the administrations of Presidents Gerald Ford and Jimmy Carter and was Secretary of Labor under President Bill Clinton from 1993 to 1997.Jimmy Carter⊙If you are totally illiterate and living on $1 a day, the benefits of globalization never come to you.—Jimmy CarterInterpretation:Though globalization brings advantages to the world, it also brings about a great gap between the rich and the poor. There are still many people living below the poverty line, who cannot enjoy the fruits of globalization.About Jimmy Carter (1924- ): an American politician who served as the 39th President of the United States (1977–1981). He was awarded the 2002 Nobel Peace Prize.Larry Summers⊙In the developing world, far more people are poor because of too little globalization rather than too much.—Larry Summers Interpretation:People in many developing countries are still poor because they have not benefited from globalization. Globalization decreases poverty in developing countries.About Larry Summers (1954- ): an American economist. He served as the 71st United States Secretary of the Treasury from 1999 to 2001 under President Bill Clinton. He was Director of the White House United States National Economic Council for President Barack Obama until November 2010.Section C Watching and Discussion▇ Watch the following video clip “What Is Globalization” and do the tasks that follow:1.Please decide whether each of the following statements is true (T) or false (F) based on theinformation in the video clip.( F ) Globalization is a process through which the financial markets, societies and cultures have become independent and tend to demerge.( T ) Globalization can also be viewed as the freedom of movement for goods, services, and people across borders.( F ) There seems to be an agreement on that economic globalization is an irreversible current.( F ) Global competition keeps prices low so inflation has no chance to occur.( F ) In a globalized world, when having a economy crush, a country can ask for help from other countries.( T ) Our economy is increasingly global as a result of mass communication and mass transportation.2.Do you think that globalization is an irreversible current? Why or why not? Is there anychance for small businesses to survive? How?Answers for reference:Open.Script：What Is GlobalizationHello, I’m Milo from , and here we’ll talk about globalization.Globalization is a word that we hear constantly nowadays. It can be defined as the trend in the financial markets and businesses to expand beyond national and territorial borders and boundaries. It is a process through which the financial markets, societies and cultures have become interdependent and tend to merge, blurring the boundaries between the local, national,and international.It is a dynamic process primarily led by multi-national businesses and organizations. It can also be viewed as the freedom of movement for goods, services, and people across borders. It is a phenomenon caused by the latest developments in mass communication and the technologies that have been developed and continue to be developed to support this new and instant way of communicating between people and organizations.The increased ease of mobility has also greatly contributed to this unstoppable trend. There seems to be a disagreement on whether economic globalization is or not an irreversible current. What is certain is that this trend has substantial effects on the world’s economies.The Pros of globalization include:∙Global competition keeps prices low so inflation is less likely to occur.∙An open economy can encourage innovation as people can exchange ideas freely and instantaneously.∙There are more varied and international goods available for consumption everywhere.On the negative side:∙Small businesses have difficulty surviving in an unregulated market and usually get eaten up by larger competitors.∙As economies become interdependent, a crush in a country’s economy will affect other countries in a negative way.To sum up we must understand that there are some basic aspects to globalization:∙Internet allows us to be global in the way we exchange information.∙We are more mobile than ever, travel has become less expensive and people move all over the place and get to see and experience different cultures.∙Environmental problems affect us all, issues such as air pollution, acid rain, and climate go beyond national borders.∙Our economy is increasingly global as a result of mass communication and mass transportation.Part II Listen and RespondSection B Task One: Focusing on the Main Ideas▇Choose the best answer to each of the following questions according to the information contained in the listening passage.1) What does globalization mean according to the speaker?A) It means that the world is becoming more and more integrated.B) It means that the world’s living standards are greatly improved.C) It means that more opportunities are given to the developing countries.D) It means that the world is developing more and more rapidly.2) What benefits do companies get from globalization according to the speaker?A) They are allowed to do business in the developing countries.B) They become more productive and competitive by doing business overseas.C) Their products can reach any place they want through modern means of transportation.D) They can communicate with other companies more easily.3) How do people in developing countries benefit most from globalization?A) They can meet various people online.B) They can get better education by studying overseas.C) They can learn from people from other countries.D) They can study in their home universities.4) What new threats does globalization bring?A) The quick spread of perishable items.B) The quick spread of wildfire.C) The quick spread of disease.D) The quick spread of the labor-force.5) What is the speaker’s attitude towards globalization?A) Prejudiced.B) Negative.C) Subjective.D) Objective.▇ Key:1) A 2) B 3) B 4) C 5) DSection C Task Two: Zooming In on the Details▇Listen to the recording again and fill in each of the blanks according to what you have heard.Globalization has been a commonly used term since the late twentieth century. It simply means that the world has become integrated economically, socially, politically and culturally through the advances in technology, transportation and communication. It is undeniable that globalization has resulted in both positive and negative effects which must be addressed accordingly.To begin with, globalization has contributed to the world’s economies in many beneficial ways. Advances in science and technology have allowed businesses to easily cross over frontiers. Consequently, companies tend to become more productive and competitive thereby raising the quality of goods, services and the world’s living standard.Secondly, a very critical advantage is the spread of education. With numerous educational institutions around the globe, one can move out from the home country for better opportunities elsewhere. Thus, integrating with different cultures, meeting and learning from various people through the medium of education is all due to globalization. Developing countries or labour-intensive countries have benefited the most.Script:The Advantages and Disadvantages of GlobalizationGlobalization has been a commonly used term since the late twentieth century. It simply means that the world has become integrated economically, socially, politically and culturally through the advances in technology, transportation and communication. It is undeniable that globalization has resulted in both positive and negative effects which must be addressed accordingly.To begin with, globalization has contributed to the world’s economies in many beneficial ways. Advances in science and technology have allowed businesses to easily cross over frontiers. Consequently, companies tend to become more productive and competitive thereby raising the quality of goods, services and the world’s living standards.Secondly, a very critical advantage is the spread of education. With numerous educational institutions around the globe, one can move out from the home country for better opportunities elsewhere. Thus, integrating with different cultures, meeting and learning from various people through the medium of education is all due to globalization. Developing countries or labour-intensive countries have benefited the most.However, one cannot deny the negative effects resulting from globalization. Globalization has given rise to more health risks and threats of epidemics. A customary example is the dawn of HIV/AIDS. Having its origin in remote regions of Africa, the virus has spread like wildfire throughout the globe. Furthermore, food items are also transported to various countries, and this is a matter of concern, especially in the case of perishable items. The safety regulations and the standards of food preparation are different in different countries, which may pose a risk of potential health hazards.In conclusion, while globalization is inevitable, we must nevertheless urge individuals, companies and governments to use a more balanced approach by taking appropriate steps to deal with matters relating to the financial or economic gains versus the social, political and ecological concerns of the world.Part III Read and ExploreText ASection A Discovering the Main IdeasExercise 1: Answer the following questions with the information contained in Text A.1. What is the speaker’s definition of an inclusive globalization?2. What does an inclusive globalization demand of us?3. In what ways can an inclusive globalization be promoted?4. What is the impact of the 11 September attacks on the process of globalization?5. What message does the speaker mean to convey?▇Answers for reference:1. According to the speaker, an inclusive globalization recognizes and exploits the potential of globalization as a truly integrating and inclusive force. Its purpose lies not only in opening markets but also in expanding opportunity and promoting cooperation. Its ultimate goal is to ensure that globalization benefits the whole of humanity economically, politically and socially.2. An inclusive globalization demands that we tear down the walls in our minds so as to treat each other equally and to recognize the interdependence between nations and peoples. It alsodemands that we open our minds to a new, more integrated idea of community.3. There are many different ways to promote an inclusive globalization: opening markets for the products of developing countries; increasing development assistance; promoting good and transparent governance; addressing diseases and environmental problems that have not reached our shores; recognizing obligations to provide asylum; fostering a more orderly process of integrating migrants; and valuing pluralism as a top priority for every state.4. The 11 September attacks make it very clear that humanity is indivisible and terrorism is a threat to everyone, and that the fight against terrorism can be successful only if people of different races, nations or regions get united as one. For this purpose, globalization must be made to benefit all — those at the margins and those at the centre, the poor and the privileged, the shackled and the free.5. The speaker urges us to deal with the negative, unattended social and political consequences of globalization, and the solution lies in promoting an inclusive globalization to ensure that globalization benefits the whole of humanity.Exercise 2: Text A can be divided into five parts with the paragraph number(s) of each part provided as follows. Write down the main idea of each part.Section B In-depth StudySome people benefit from globalization, while others simply see it as one more manifestation of the inequity of the world. Kofi Annan, former Secretary-General of the United Nations, suggests that one way to address this issue is the pursuit of an inclusive globalization.A Plea for an “Inclusive” GlobalizationKofi Annan1 It has often been said that globalization is what distinguishes our era from all its predecessors. Globalization, we are told, is redefining not only the way we engage the world, but how we communicate with each other. Globalization is commonly understood to describe the increasing flow of goods, service, capital, technology, information, ideas and labour at the global level, driven by liberalization policies and technological changes. For a time, this logic was borne outby reality. Indeed, it worked so well that in many cases underlying schisms were ignored in the belief that the rising tide of material growth would eliminate the importance of political differences and social grievances.However, over the past few years, I and others have urged greater consideration for the potential political backlash if the social—as well as the economic—consequences of globalization are left unattended.2 Today, I would like to share some thoughts on an equally important aspect of globalization—namely its potential to be a truly integrating and inclusive force and the very real dangers if it fails to live up to that potential. In other words, just as we worry about the gap between haves and have-nots, we need to be equally concerned about the gulf between insiders and outsiders in a globalized world where no border is impermeable, and where the privileges—economic as well as political and social—of the few are painfully apparent to those multitudes who still yearn for liberty and opportunity. We need, in short, to direct our energies towards realizing the aspiration inherent in the awkward, but revealing Arabic translation of the word “globalization” —which means literally“world inclusivity”.3 Today, I wish to suggest that one way to address this new division—between those who benefit from globalization, and those who simply see it as one more manifestation of the inequity of the world—is to pursue an inclusive globalization whose purpose lies not only in opening markets but in expanding opportunity and promoting cooperation. By this I mean the need to ensure that the globalization of economies and societies is supported and sustained by a “globalization of community”—to create a wider, more expansive definition of our duties to our fellow men and women in the global village, and to ensure that globalization benefits them all—economically, politically and socially.4 Such a world demands that we tear down the walls in our own minds as well—those separating us from them, rich from poor, white from black, Christian from Muslim—so that we are able to recognize the untold ways in which we can all benefit from cooperation and solidarity across lines of nationality, race or economic development. Whether it is the area of crime, health, the environment, or the fight against terrorism, interdependence has ceased to be an abstract concept, and become a reality in our own lives. This poses a real challenge not only to political leaders, but to civil society, NGOs, business, labour unions, thinkers, and citizens of every nation. We need to rethink what belonging means, and what community means, in order to be able to embrace the fate of distant people and realize that globalization’s glass house must be open to all if it is to remain secure. This will require leaders in every sector to present the choices facing the public in a different light. They need to make the difficult but necessary case that we cannot continue to exclude the poor, the disenfranchised or those who are denied the basic right to liberty and self-determination. Or that if we do, we cannot at the same time hope to secure lasting peace and prosperity.5 There are myriad ways in which nations can act on this imperative—by opening markets for the products of developing countries; by increased development assistance; by promoting good and transparent governance; by addressing diseases and environmental problems that have not reached our shores, or at least not yet; by recognizing obligations to provide asylum; by fostering a more orderly process of integrating migrants; and by valuing pluralism as a top priority for every state.6 The United Nations itself was created in the belief that dialogue can triumph over discord, that diversity is a universal virtue, and that the peoples of the world are far more united by their common fate than they are divided by their separate identities. This dialogue must take place every day among all nations—within and between civilizations, cultures and groups. But it mustbe based on genuinely shared values. Without these values—values rooted in the Charter of the United Nations and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights—no peace can be lasting and no prosperity secure. That is the lesson of the United Nations’ first half-century. It is a lesson that we ignored at our peril. While it may seem somewhat vague to speak of globalization based on shared values, the vision of the world it seeks to create is quite clear and quite specific.7 This vision is based on an understanding that we are the products of many cultures, that our strengths lie in combining the familiar with the foreign. This is not to say that we cannot rightly take pride in our particular faith or heritage. We can and we should. But the notion that what is ours is necessarily in conflict with what is theirs is both false and dangerous. It has resulted in endless hostilities and conflicts, leading men and women to commit the greatest of crimes in the name of a higher power.8 Friends, if today, after the horror of 11 September, we see better, and we see further—we will realize that humanity is indivisible. New threats make no distinction between races, nations or regions. A new insecurity has entered every mind, regardless of wealth or status. A deeper awareness of the bonds that bind us all—in pain as in prosperity—has gripped young and old. The process of globalization cannot remain unchanged in the face of this recognition. It must be made to benefit those at the margins as well as those at the center, the poor as well as the privileged, the shackled as well as the free.9 The global reaction to the 11 September attacks should give us courage and hope that we can succeed in this fight. The sight of people gathering in cities in every part of the world from every religion to mourn—and to express solidarity with the people of the United States—proved more eloquently than any words that terrorism is not an issue that divides humanity, but one that unites it.10 The victims of the attacks on 11 September were, first and foremost, the innocent civilians who lost their lives, and families who now grieve for them. But peace, tolerance, mutual respect, human rights, the role of law and the global economy are all among the casualties of the terrorists’acts. Repairing the damage done to the fabric of the international community—restoring trust among peoples and cultures—will not be easy. But just as a concerted international response can make the work of terrorists much harder to accomplish, so should the unity born of this tragedy bring all nations together in defense of the most basic right—the right of all peoples to live in peace and security.11 An inclusive globalization will be central to achieving this fundamental goal.▇课文参考译文呼吁推行“包容性”全球化科菲·安南1 人们常说，全球化是一个不同于以往任何时代的全新时代。
新世纪大学英语系列教材(第二版)阅读教程 4 Unit 1-8 答案
新世纪大学英语系列教材（第二版）Unit 8Part IExercisesI. Reading for information 。
A. Reading to find main ideas1.A2. DB. Reading to find major details3.C4. AC. Reading to find relevant facts5.C6.BII. TranslationTranslate the following sentences into Chinese.1 Katia Eliad, a Paris-based artist, was stuck in a rut. She felt blocked in her creativity, out of touch with herself and for some inexplicable reason unable to use green or blue in her abstract paintings.巴黎艺术家凯蒂亚·艾利亚德陷入停滞。
她的创造力受阻，不能发挥自己的才智，不知何因无法在抽象画中用绿色和蓝色。
2 This year will be filled with his music, but it will also be a time to re-examine the contradictions and conflicting interpretations of his brief 35-year life.今年会充满莫扎特的音乐，但今年也会重新审视莫扎特短短35年的一生带来的矛盾和冲突的看法。
3 That notion was first given scientific support in a 1993 article in Nature, which found that college students who listened to the first movement of Mozart’s Sonata in D Major for Two Pianos performed better on a spatial reasoning test that involved mentally unfolding a piece of paper.《自然》杂志1993年的一篇文章首次给这个说法提供了科学依据，该文章指出，在一项要求在大脑里想像如何展开一页纸的空间推理测试中，听了莫扎特“D大调双钢琴奏鸣曲”第一乐章的大学生取得了更好效果。
全新版大学英语_第二版_综合教程4_Unit8课件
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Amazon River 1. What do you know about Amazon? 2. According to the pictures, describe the geographic
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The annual outflow from the river accounts for one-fifth of all the fresh water that drains into the oceans of the world. The outpouring of water and sediment is so vast that the salt content and color of the Atlantic Ocean are altered for a distance of about 320 km (about 200 mi) from the mouth of the river.
Listening Comprehension Background Information Warm-up Questions
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Amazon River Ecuador Andes Orion Hollywood Manhattan
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1. Where is the author living?
新世纪大学英语综合教程4课后答案unit8
新世纪⼤学英语综合教程4课后答案unit8 Answers to Unit 8Words in ActionWorking with Words and Expressions1.1) reflections 2) hastened 3) solitary 4) mystery 5) fancy 6) expenses7) slender 8) purchase 9) admission 10) subtle 11)betrayed 12)significance13) possession 14) procession 15) hints 16) conceal2. 1) put off 2) was down to her last 3) at length 4) all the way5) counted for 6) under his breath 7) ran riot 8) spent itself9) beat back 10) drinking in 11) out of work12) on a full scholarship 13) There is no wayIncreasing Your Word Power1.1) Her voice became sharpened as she became impatient.2) China is deepening her reform and opening to the outside world.3) The burglar was frightened off by the dog’s barking.4) This course can broaden students’ horizon.5) The days begin to shorten after the end of June.6) Life in the mountains hardened all the young people there.7) He told her the bad news very gently, trying to soften the blow.8) The doctor said that sunshine and rest would hasten his recovery from illness.9) Nothing can weaken our willpower.10) Passengers on the plane are asked to fasten their seat belts before it takes off.1) marriage 2) growth 3) storage 4) depth 5) truth6) youth 7) passage 8) length 9) shortage 10) breakage3. 1) kidney donor 2) alarm clock 3) heartbeat 4) mother tongue5) space shuttle 6) Science fiction 7) trademark 8) Family planning9) self-discipline 10) traffic jamGrammar Review1)WordinessBefore going to the supermarket, we made a list of the groceries we needed to prepare dinner.2)WordinessA lot of research has been done to determine its causes.3) WordinessProfessor Smith knows a great deal about American history.4)Dangling modifierTo finish the work on time, they have taken some new and effective measures.5)Dangling modifierAfter I graduated from college, my father wanted me to pursue my education in the United States.6)Dangling modifierHaving been bitten by a mad dog, the boy was cured by the doctor with a new kind of medicine.7)Split infinitiveSara hopes to finish her chemistry homework quickly so that she can return to the more interesting novel she has been reading.8)Random shift of the verb tenseProfessor Smith has worked in the university for over twenty years and has published many books.9)Not parallelHe told us to look at the picture and tell him what we found.10)Not parallelShe was a woman of mean understanding, little information, and uncertain temper.11)Split infinitiveIf we were to examine the problem carefully, we could figure out a solution.12)Not parallelDictionaries can be used for these purposes: to find word meanings, pronunciations, correct spellings, and irregular verbs. Cloze1. disaster2. assured3. hastened4. gently5. afflicted6. tender7. paralyzed8. abandonment9. subtle 10. possess11. perception 12. procession 13. impose 14. travel-stainedTranslationI.1.Fearing that she couldn’t stand the blow, the police broke to the old woman as gently aspossible the news of her son’s death in the air crash.2.Investigation revealed that the road accident was caused solely by the driver who droveagainst traffic regulations.3.He is as mean as Shylock. When it comes to money, all the promises he’s mad to his friendscount for nothing.4.Since last year, the company has been unable to sell its products, but it was the recentunsuccessful foreign trade deal that hastened its bankruptcy.5.He booked his ticket half a month in advance to assure himself of going back home on timeto spend the Spring Festival with his family.6.At first, she had some worries about telling the truth. However, at length, she spoke out thesecret that she had kept in her heart for several years.7.Helen tried to control her mood, but her trembling hands betrayed her nervousness.8.Annie was awarded a scholarship at school. When she told her parents the good news, shecould not conceal her eagerness for praise from them though she claimed that it was nothing special at all.9.The leader of the rescue team told me under his breath that he had little hope of findingmore survivors from the mine accident.10.In the early days of World War II, the German submarines ran riot in the Atlantic Ocean.However, when radar was invented in Britain, the Germans began to suffer heavy losses.II.Honesty is a traditional virtue of the Chinese nation, and it is the basic moral principle for every citizen.Without honesty, a country would lose its status in the world; a family would lose its harmony; and a citizen would lose his or her personal dignity. No wonder it is said that honesty is more precious than gold. It is a tie for people to maintain relationships of mutual trust, the cornerstone for the development and progress of human society.Honesty is the exterior expression of a citizen’s moral character, the crystallization of a variety of spiritual elements such as ethics, morality, ideology, culture, etc. To be honest and to keep one’s word, one must have a noble moral character. To perfect one’s morality and behavior, one must be honest and dependable, and always keep one’s promise. Only when honesty is cherished as every citizen’s basic moral principle can the harmony of families and the prosperity of the country be guaranteed.Sample EssayMy Understanding of Honesty and SuccessDifferent people have different opinions about the relationship between honesty and success. Some people believe that honesty ad success are mutually exclusive. They regard honesty as a wasteful and costly investment that will only hinder success and prevent people from quick wins. Money-making tricks such as low-quality and fake products, or practices like plagiarism and bribery are seen as short-cuts to immediate success.However, many people hold that honesty and success are mutually supportive. They believe that honesty is the only means to an end. Being honest will definitely earn a person not only a good reputation but also more opportunities to develop his or her career and ability. Honesty also helps cultivate an upright and healthy personality and brings people true pride and deep joy.I agree with the latter viewpoint. Honesty is a virtue that every one of us should value. It can bring out the best in a person and will give him or her the best reward in return. Those who are honest may suffer temporary losses sometimes, but they willbenefit in the long run. In short, only by being honest consistently and persistently can we gain true and lasting happiness. (193 words)。
全新版大学英语（第二版）综合教程4课后练习答案（unit1-unit8）
全新版⼤学英语（第⼆版）综合教程4课后练习答案（unit1-unit8）unint全新版⼤学英语(第⼆版)综合教程4课后练习答案Unit1VocabularyI. 1. 1) alliance3)stroke5) minus7) declarations 2) at the cost of 4) limp6) regions8) siege9) raw10) bide his time11) have taken their toll12) in the case ofII. Translation1.Mr. Doherty and his family are currently engaged in getting the autumn harvest in on thefarm.2.We must not underestimate the enemy. They are equipped with the most sophisticatedweapons.3.Having been out of job/Not having had a job for 3months, Phil is getting increasinglydesperate.4.Sam, as the project manager, is decisive, efficient, and accurate in his judgement.5.Since the chemical plant was identified as the source of solution, the village neighborhoodcommittee decided to close it down at the cost of 100 jobs.The offensive had already lasted three days, but we had not gained much ground. The division commander instructed our battalion to get around to the rear of the enemy and launch a surprise attack. To do so, however, we had to cross a marshland and many of us were afraid we might get bogged down in the mud. Our battalion commander decided to take a gamble. By a stroke of luck/Lucky enough, thanks to the severely cold weather which made the marshland freeze over, we arrived at our destination before dawn and began attacking the enemy from the rear. This turned the tide of the battle. The enemy, caught off guard, soon surrendered.Unit Two Smart CarsV ocabulary1) expansion 2) automated 3) vapor 4) take control of 5) hazards6) satellite7) vibrated 8) magnetic 9) bunched 10) in the air 11)got/was stuck in12) approximatelyII. Translation1.1) There was an unusual quietness in the air,except for the sound of artillery in the distance.2) The expansion of urban areas in some African countries has been causing a significant fall in living standards and an increase in social problem.3) The research shows that atmospheric carbon dioxide levels areclosely correlated withglobal temperatures.4) The frequencyof the bus service has been improved from 15 to 12 minutes recently5) The diver stood on the edge of the diving board, poised tojump at the signal from the coach.2.Automobiles have, since their invention, revolutionized transportation, changing forever the way people live, travel, and do business. On the other hand, they have brought hazards, especially highway fatalities. However, today the applicationof computer technology and electronic sensors in designing and manufacturing cars makes it possible to eliminatemost of traffic accidents. For example, electronic sensors mountedin your carcan detectalcohol vapor in the airand refuse to start upthe engine. They can also monitor road conditions by receiving radio signals sent out from orbiting satellitesand greatly reduce your chances of getting stuckintraffic jams.Unit 31) rude 2) physically 3) structure 4) made a difference 5) blurted (out) 6) chuckling 7) measurable 8) prospective 9) preparations 10) sparkled 11) took a crack at 12) partnerII. Translation1.1) Despite the inadequate length of the airstrip in this emergency landing, the veteranpilot managed to stopthe plane aftertaxiingfor only a short while.2) Grilledby the reporters, the movie star eventually blurted (out)that she had undergone two plastic surgeries.3) We have the technology and ourpartnerhas the capital. Working together, we’ll have the future in our hands.4) If I had known beforehandthat you would bring so many friends home,I would have made betterpreparations.You see, I have barelyenough food and drinks for a snack.5) People gave generouslyupon learning that new school rooms with stronger structureswere to be built inthe earthquake-stricken area.2.Well begun, half done, as the saying goes. It is extremely important for a jobapplicantto do hishomework while seeking employment. From my standpoint, whether or not one has done his homeworkclearly makes a difference in his chance of success.I have a friend who is earning somewherein the neighborhood of 100,000 dollars a years in a large computersoftware company. He told me that from his own experience the decision makers who interview prospective employees like people who are well prepared. Those who make no endeavorto learn as much about his prospective employer as possible don’t have much of a chanceof success.Unit 5V ocabularyI1) In a way 2) in accordance 3) vacancy 4) in good condition 5) transparent 6)rub 7) spicy 8) hitherto9) with (a) bad grace 10) instinct 11) pawned 12) currentII. Translation1.1) I have an instinct that Henry will seek to join the expedition, because he is something of an adventurer.2) He is capable of sticking to the task at hand, even if he is exposed to noises.3) The trademark was registered in accordance with the laws hitherto in force.4) Oddly enough, many people volunteered to help organize the meeting, but only a few turned up.5) The teacher’s affectionate words, along with his candid comments, changed the way Mike perceived the society and himself.2.For my own part, I find that appearances are all too often deceptive. For instance, you might be wrong if you judged by appearances only people like Edward Hyde Burton. In appearance, he seemed a man all of a piece. He was a tiny little fellow with white hair and mild blue eyes, gentle and candid. Nevertheless, he turned out to be very cruel. He insulted and fooled Lenny who was down and out and made him commit himself to an insane venture. What was still more surprising was that he was completely indifferent to Lenny’s death. Without doubt, Burton was a man with a heart of stone.Unit6V ocabulary 11) appliances 2) comparative 3) multiply 4) distribution5) prosperity 6) decorate 7) famine 8) large quantities of/ a large quantity of9) streamline 10) fax 11) pointed the way to 12) bewilderedTranslation1) They are exploring the new frontiers of medical science in an attempt to find remedies for incurablediseases/ cures for diseases that are beyond remedy so far.2) Her unique teaching methods apart, Ms Wilson, my math teacher, never tried to cram knowledge into my head.3) The regular weather forecast by the Central TV Station keeps us up with the changes of weather wherever wego on a trip.4) The appalling explosion started a big fire and caused the partial collapse of the building.5) In the modern world, there are more ways than ever to waste away time, and all kinds of distractions are eating into our precious time.Today we are under constant pressure to work longer hours, to produce more, and to possess more. Lots of people hold the wrong perception that happiness lies in working hard and earning well/ good money.Many women today feel the same stress to work and get ahead and, at the same time, to nurture their offspring and shoulder the burden of domestic responsibilities.Research shows that workaholism tends to distance us from our immediate families. It forces us to toil longer and longer hours, leaving a minute fraction of our time to be physically and emotionally available to our loved ones. Intimacy among family members is doomed to die in the process.。
新世纪大学英语第四册课文和翻译
Unit One Text A Man in the Realm of NatureAlexander SpirkinHuman beings live in the realm of nature. They are constantly surrounded by it and interact with it. Man is constantly aware of the influence of nature in the form of the air he breathes, the water he drinks, and the food he eats. We are connected with nature by "blood" ties and we cannot live outside nature.Man is not only a dweller in nature, he also transforms it. Humanity converts nature's wealth into the means of the cultural, historical life of society. Man has subdued and disciplined electricity and compelled it to serve the interests of society. Not only has man transferred various species of plants and animals to different climatic conditions, he has also changed the shape and climate of his environment and transformed plants and animals.As society develops, man tends to become less dependent on nature directly, while indirectly his dependence grows. Our distant ancestors lived in fear of nature's destructive forces. Very often they were unable to obtain the merest daily necessities. However, despite their imperfect tools, they worked together stubbornly, collectively, and were able to attain results. Nature was also changed through interaction with man. Forests were destroyed and the area of farmland increased. Nature with its elemental forces was regarded as something hostile to man. The forest, for example, was something wild and frightening and people tried to force it to retreat. This was all done in the name of civilisation, which meant the places where man had made his home, where the earth was cultivated, where the forest had been cut down.But as time goes on mankind becomes increasingly concerned with the question of where and how to obtain irreplaceable natural resources for the needs of production. Science and man's practical transforming activities have made humanity aware of the enormous geological role played by the industrial transformation of the earth.At present the previous dynamic balance between man and nature and between nature and society as a whole, has shown ominous signs of breaking down. The problem of the so-called replaceable resources of the biosphere has become particularly acute. It is getting more and more difficult to satisfy the needs of human beings and society even for such a substance, for example, as fresh water. The problem of eliminating industrial waste is also becoming increasingly complex.Modern technology is distinguished by an ever increasing abundance of produced and used synthetic goods. Hundreds of thousands of synthetic materials are being made. People increasingly cover their bodies from head to foot in nylon and other synthetic, glittering fabrics that are obviously not good for them. Young people may hardly feel this, and they pay more attention to appearance than to health. But they become more aware of this harmful influence as they grow older.As time goes on the synthetic output of production turns into waste, and then substances that in their original form were not very toxic are transformed in the cycle of natural processes into aggressive agents. Today both natural scientists and philosophers are asking themselves the question: Is man's destruction of the biosphere inevitable?The man-nature relation – the crisis of the ecological situation – is a global problem. Its solution lies in rational and wise organization of both production itself and care for Mother Nature, not just by individuals, enterprises or countries, but by all humanity. One of the ways to deal with the crisis situation in the "man-nature" system is to use such resources as solar energy, the power of winds, the riches of the seas and oceans and other, as yet unknown natural forces of the universe.But to return to our theme, the bitter truth is that those human actions which violate the laws of nature, the harmony of the biosphere, threaten to bring disaster and this disaster may turn out to be universal. How apt then are the words of ancient Oriental wisdom: live closer to nature, my friends, and its eternal laws will protect you!人在自然界| 亚历山大·斯伯金人类生活在大自然的王国里。
新世纪大学英语综合教程4课后答案解析
新世纪大学英语综合教程4课后答案解析(总7页)--本页仅作为文档封面，使用时请直接删除即可----内页可以根据需求调整合适字体及大小--Unit 1you had had a spark of consideration for your family ,you wouldn't have taken so many stupid risks .to the lack of an adequate labor force ,even woman in this village were compelled to work in the coal mines .went through lovely countryside with great mountains ,some of them beautiful and green and wooded ,while others bare and wild .cleaner took off his coat and began to scrape the ashes from the furnace with his bare hands .in that area are already threatened with environment destruction since 60% of the forest there has been destroyed .auto company has seen a huge increase in the output of private cars this year due to the improved working efficiency .severe attack from enemy aircraft ,the troops were forced to retreat from the front .I came up to a giraffe lying on the grasses ,I found that it had been killed with a spear tipped with poison .stayed eight days in an open boat with no food ,and he was still alive ;his survival was a miracle .of the fittest is an eternal truth of nature .heart sank when he saw the fresh pile of mails ,memos and telephone messages on his desk .military goverment refused to transfer power to ademocratically elected civilian government .that area nearly six million people are affected by the drought and the civil war ,and there is areal danger of mass starvation .service personnel who are severely irresponsible purposely delay sending mail ,thereby giving rise to great loss of public trust .the increase in the number of foreign funded enterprises ,various kinds of financial disputes have emerged .earthquake may trigger landslides that cause great damage and loss of life .and global warming threaten to ruin the current and future state of our environmen .was reported that almost 7 million liters consumed during the 16-day beer festival in germany that year .a bitterly cold night ,the only shelter he could find was the hollow trunk of agreat tree .after the goverment's new policy was put into effect ,the economy of our country began to show signs of recovery .know well what difficulties we had to cope with in bringing our work to a successful conclusion .lives in fear of getting injured and never participated in any violent sports games .looks like this snow will stop the food supplies and we shall be hungry for a time ,but we've no choice but to tough it out.trees in this area have been cut down to make room forbuildings ,which has worsened our living environment .order to avoid possible infection by the unknow viruses ,researchers are protected from head to foot with caps ,face masks and white gowns .the warm wearher the explorers searched out some snow on the northern slope and boiled it for drinking water .bare-handed ,you have built up so many steel plants .this is nothing short of miraculous !yet we have't felt the need for any extra hands ,but its only a matter of time .one cannot choose ones birthplace ,one can certainly decide ,based on what one has experienced ,the best place to settle in .who spend time and mony teaching their children music ,can take heart from anew canadian study .which shows young children who take music lessons have better memories than their nonmusical peers.Unit 21 Sudies show that if a working environment is pleasant, productivity increases.2 Private space travel is a relatively new phenomenon. It’sdifficult at the moment to assess its effects.3 Alll of us need to build up ralationships with others unless we choose to live in complete isolation from the outside world.4 Sonce sending her child to the kindergarthen ,she has been delighted to see a gradual change in the boys character ;he seems less self-centered now.5 As an active environmentalist, Davis has earned a reputation as an outspoken opponent of any kind of nuclear waste dumping at sea.6 Quills were the chief writing tool from the 6th centuryuntil the advent of steel pens in the mid 19th century.7 Dp you think it will ever be possible to alter human genetic code in order to produce the perfect human being?8 In the end her sheer competence and professionalism won universal respect within and out of the government.9 his political views are rather extreme; I hate to discuss anything with him.10 The cheap perfume you see on special offer in petrol stations often smells nasty after a couple of hours.11 Theconsumer boom of the 1980s led to an explsion of shopping centre development in big cities around the country .12 You shouldnot use yours faithfully its too formal for this kind of personal letter.13. According to a survery among 1000 residents ,garbage collection service in the city is far from satisfactory.14 The cost of food and clothing has come down in recent years. Similarly, fuel prices have fallen quite considerably.15 The techiclans are working hard to modify the design of the new car to make it more competitive in the overseas market.16 In my childhood memories , we were living a rough but happy life, with no luxuries to speak of.1 The two runners reached the finish line almost at the sametime ;who came in first was indistinguishable to the naked eye.2 As a result of the recent financial collapse, many people are struck with worthless investments.3 The survey suggests that many college students don’t know for centain what kind of job is suitable or them.4 You can ask him again if you like , but it would make no difference he will still say no to you .5 The doctor explained that on average people who don’t smoke are healthier than those who do.6. I’m familiar with the operatin g system installes on thecomputer ,but when it comes to repairing the machine I don’t know a thing.7 Although peasants in some areas are better off now ,those in many other areas still live in poverty .8 The new staff insistes that opportunities for promotion should be built into the work contract.9 As they are discussing influential modern artists, three names immesiately come to mind.10 I don’t know the exact number ,but there are close to three million unemployes at present .11 Considering the recent storms and landslides,I am certainly not in favor of am outing in this weather.Unit 31 There are always people who dream of making a fortune from ganbling, even though they know the chances are slim.2 The inventor Thomas Edison was regarded as a dull boy whrn he was young because he couldnot work out easy mathematical calculations.3 The police had chased after the robbery suspect for about two days before they finally caught him in a deserted warehouse.4 The local newspaper has launches a campaign to raise money for the girl who has caught a rare disease.5 Rick climbing is attractive especially to young people because itis always s accompanied with hardship and adventure.6 The face value of the bill is one dollar , but its intrinsic valueis nothing but that of a piece of paper.7 Having won several championships in international matches recently, he currently ranks second among the worlds professional tennis players.8 There has been a great deal of publicity in the media about the campaingn against genetically modified food.9 The coach was relieves that Michael had recovered sufficiently from his knee injury and he was able to play in the semi-finals next week. 10 He has dropped his old had-boy image and now portrays himself as something of an angel.11 Due to its inefficiency,the cable TV company has become a frequent target of criticism from the public these days.12 A few mirrors can transform a dark room , making it look largerand lighter instantly.13 Earthquakes had destroyed their houses ,so they had no choice butto live temporarily in the tents put up overnight.argument never ceased as to whether it was fair to cover celebrities private lives in the mass mesia.15 Kelly got a new job as a secretary, but teo weeks later she became bored with the endless office chres ; so she quit.16 These two TV programs are both about news or currnt affairs,but they have attracted very different audiences in the United States.17 Jane’s parents held her in high regard and they supported her decision to be an actress.18 When the results of the vote were announced ,the Prime Minister acknowledged defeat.19Scientists are unable to predict with accuracy when and when warthquakes will strike.1 The teachers felt sorry for Nick, a former straight-Astudent ,because he was thrown out of college in the second year for taking drugs.2 You can do things for your health in the way ofdiet ,exercise ,good lifestyle, and so on.3. As the ship began to turn to its one side, the horrified passengers all clung on to the other for dear life.of the young girls I know set their sights on lofty goals and try very hard to accomplish what they aim at.5. She quit the well-paid office job since she was tired of doing the same thing day after day and she was eager to try something fresh.6. The civil administration promises that they would not turn away anyone who comes to the relief centre for help.7. If she wants to hang on to her professional reputation she should control her inconsistent emotions.8 Among us ,we would always address him as Your Majesty in his presense. Behind him, we invariably referred to him as Peanut.9 I’m sorry your tooth is hurting ,but you’ll have to live with it until we get you to the dentist.10 This guy likes to exaggerate and is good at nothing but boasting about his glorious past.11 As well as I could make out ,she had come for good ,and had no intention of ever leaving again.so many young graduates before them ,they set out to launch their own business after graduation.13. what if he goes home before us and canot get in what will he do thenbegan to tire of the job of a night watch one week after I was hired. Unit 41 Nearly 6 million people in the mid-western area were affected by the flood. And there is a real danger of mass starvation.2 Its incredible that when he gambled, he always won, whether he was playing a card game or betting on horse racing.3 The council is trying to get more people to do voluntary work and render social services in the less developed regions.4 Elephants are dying out because they are being hunted for the tusks.5 Wines can be classified as dry, medium or sweet according to their sugar content.6 Slavery was abolished in Canada in 1833, and the Canadianauthorities then encouraged slaves from America to settle down ontheir land.7 Some of the developing countries seem to be stuck with a tough situation the division between the rich and the poor has never been so clear and sharp.8 The mass media commented that the young man’s suicide was nothing but a senseless waste of his life.9 The younger generation should not just seek for the latest fashions; they should have long-term commitment and try to live a worthy life,10 There’s absolutely no coordination between the different work teams- we donnot know what others are doing.11 As witnesses to the accident ,we were asked to make written declarations of what we had seen .12 The police still don’t know tho committed the it is reported one of the suspects is a loafer by the name of BillJones.13 Now that my parents-in-law have decided to live with us ,we are now faced with necessity to purchase a larger apartment close to the campus.14 It seems as if every American boy between the ages of 9 and 15likes to play video games ,but such games are only moderately popular among girls of the same age group.15 He was a really considerate friend-always available to help at the slightest hint of trouble.16 A survey shows that a considerable number of people object to the governments immigration policy.17 This is a new pain-killing drug which came into use only six months ago, so its too early to evaluate its effectiveness now.18 She derived great satisfaction from playing the violin in her adulthood ,even though she used to get bored with it when she was in her late teens.1 In view of heer out standing academic achievements and other qualities, she stands/stood a chance of being admitted to one of the world’s best universities.2 His recent mismanagement of the company has ruled out thepossibility of getting promoted to the top management .3 The expedition consist/consists of five Europeans, two Australians and ten Chinese.4. Its good to see tom looking so happy now agter all the sufferings he has gone through in the last few years.5 When he competed at Stckholm Olympocs,Jim Thorpe was not an amateur player in the strict sence because he had been paid a few dollars to play semiprofessionals before.6 At a guess,I’d say that there were at least 1400 people on board when the ship sank in the red sea.7 The traditional practice that the father earns a living for the family and the mother stays at home is out of date as more and more women have joined the workforce.8 Even if her suggestion does not coincide with what you have in mind ,I would advise you to accept it.9 The tennis player had gone in for all the major tennis .10 They appreciate each other because they are both the sory of peoplr who just cannot let go once they have got their teeth into something.Unit 51 I don’t think it necessary to furnish our apartment a second time since we will sell it soon.2 He made a firm resolve to give up smoking and drinking as soon as he discovered that he had a heart trouble.3 To reduce the risks of railway accidents ,we spend over thenmillion yuan on maintaining the railway lines every year.4 My parents lived a frugal lifestyle all their lives .For onething ,they never discarded ,anything that was still of use; for another ,they never purchased things on impulse.5 the government has refused to sanction a further cut in the rate of corporate tax.6 As Linda is a career woman and her husband woels abroad ,they cannot raise their newborn son all by themselves andhace to employ a baby sitter on a fixed term of five years.7 My apartment was badly furnished because the workers did not strip the priginal paint off the wakks before they started painting.8 When we learned that the local college had only the bare essentials int terms of equipment,we decided to donate a million yuan so that they could improve their teaching facilities.9 The Jones purchased a second-hand car for 1200; it was a real I wonder how long it will last.10 It is always good to read some English novels in your sparetime .If you cannot understdand the original, you may read the simplified versions which are also available in the local bookstore. 11 Sam said to the girl , I will trade you some of my chocolate for some of your ice cream.12 Since you’ve decided to simplify your life and hace moved into a smakker house m you are going to have to make an effort to downsize your furniture and belongings.13 Representatives from the two nations had woeked together on numerous occasions before the peace treaty was signed to end the border conflicts.14 When the factory closed ,the machinery was sold off for only a fraction of its true value.15 I think it plan wrong to play loud music in the dorm when others are already asleep.16 The question set by the teacher was so difficult that the pupols did not know how to trackle it.17 The children are busy rolling ,folding ,and cutting paper in a hadcrafting competition.1 My sister is very economical and saving money seems to come naturally to her ; she always keeps track of all the money she spends.2 My parents failed to show up at the commencenment ;It turned out that their flight was delayed for 8 hours.3 Eric was a very shy boy , so much so that he even refused to strip down to his underwear for his medical examination.4 John began to take an interest in politics when he was at secondary school; no wonder he became a Congressman at the age of 35.5 They are going to let us use their laboratory ,and in return we must let them share the results of the research.6 His action is all of a piece with what he has been saying he will do for the past few months ;he is a man o his word .7 The winner was asked to write out numerous forms before he could get the award .8 The young couplr often eat out , for neither of them is interested in home cooking.9 After so many twists and turns in his life ,he learned nerver to look back with regret.10 The doctor advised that he cut out smoking or give it up completely for the sake of his health.。
新世纪大学英语综合教程4 Unit8
Life is unpredictable. It often plays tricks on us and surprises us with unexpected endings. In this story, Mrs. Mallard reacted with sadness at the news of her husband's death in a train accident, and then locked herself up in her room, where she seemed to be waiting fearfully for something that she felt was coming to her. What was it?The Story of an HourKate Chopin(1)1)Knowing that Mrs. Mallard was afflicted with a heart trouble, great care wastaken to break to her as gently as possible the news of her husband's death.2)It was her sister Josephine who told her, in broken sentences; veiled hints thatrevealed in half concealing. Her husband's friend Richards was there, too, near her. It was he who had been in the newspaper office when intelligence of the railroad disaster was received, with Brently Mallard's name leading the list of "killed".He had only taken the time to assure himself of its truth by a second telegram, and had hastened to prevent any less careful, less tender friend in bearing the sad message.3)She did not hear the story as many women have heard the same, with aparalyzed inability to accept its significance. She wept at once, with sudden, wild abandonment, in her sister's arms. When the storm of grief had spent itself she went away to her room alone. She would have no one follow her.4)There stood, facing the open window, a comfortable, roomy armchair. Into thisshe sank, pressed down by a physical exhaustion that haunted her body and seemed to reach into her soul.5)She could see in the open square before her house the tops of trees that were allfull of the new spring life. The delicious breath of rain was in the air. In the street below a peddler was crying his wares. The notes of a distant song reached her faintly, and countless birds were singing.6)There were patches of blue sky showing here and there through the clouds thathad met and piled one above the other in the west facing her window.7)She sat with her head thrown back upon the cushion of the chair, quitemotionless, except when a sob came up into her throat and shook her, as a child who has cried itself to sleep continues to sob in its dreams.8)She was young, with a fair, calm face, whose lines betrayed repression and evena certain strength. But now there was a dull stare in her eyes, whose gaze wasfixed on one of those patches of blue sky. It was not a glance of reflection, but rather indicated a suspension of intelligent thought.(2)9)There was something coming to her and she was waiting for it, fearfully. Whatwas it? She did not know; it was too subtle and vague to name. But she felt it, creeping out of the sky, reaching toward her through the sounds, the scents, the color that filled the air.10)Now her bosom rose and fell impulsively. She was beginning to recognize thisthing that was approaching to possess her, and she was striving to beat it back with her will – as powerless as her two white slender hands would have been. 11)When she abandoned herself a little whispered word escaped her slightly partedlips. She said it over and over under her breath: "free, free, free!" The vacant stare and the look of terror that had followed it went from her eyes. They stayed keen and bright. Her pulses beat fast, and the running blood warmed and relaxed every inch of her body.12)She did not stop to ask if it were or were not a monstrous joy that held her. Aclear and exalted perception enabled her to dismiss her husband's death as trivial.13)She knew that she would weep again when she saw the kind, tender handsfolded in death; the face that had never looked save with love upon her, fixed and gray and dead. But she saw beyond that bitter moment a long procession of years to come that would belong to her absolutely. And she opened and spread her arms out to them in welcome.14)There would be no one to live for during those coming years; she would live forherself. There would be no powerful will bending hers in that blind persistence with which men and women believe they have a right to impose a private will upon a fellow-creature. A kind intention or a cruel intention made the act seem no less a crime as she looked upon it in that brief moment of illumination.15)And yet she had loved him – sometimes. Often she had not. What did it matter!What could love, the unsolved mystery, count for in face of this possession of self-assertion which she suddenly recognized as the strongest impulse of her being!16)"Free! Body and soul free!" she kept whispering.17)Josephine was kneeling before the closed door with her lips to the keyhole,begging for admission. "Louise, open the door! I beg, open the door – you will make yourself ill. What are you doing Louise? For heaven's sake open the door."(3)18)"Go away. I am not making myself ill." No; she was drinking in a very elixir of lifethrough that open window.19)Her fancy was running riot along those days ahead of her. Spring days, andsummer days, and all sorts of days that would be her own. She breathed a quick prayer that life might be long. It was only yesterday she had thought with a shudder that life might be long.20)She arose at length and opened the door. There was a feverish triumph in hereyes, and she carried herself like a goddess of Victory. She clasped her sister's waist, and together they descended the stairs. Richards stood waiting for them at the bottom.21)Someone was opening the front door with a key. It was Brently Mallard whoentered, a little travel-stained, carrying his briefcase and umbrella. He had been far from the scene of the accident, and did not even know there had been one.He stood amazed at Josephine's piercing cry; at Richards' quick motion to screen him from the view of his wife.22)But Richards was too late.23)When the doctors came they said she had died of heart disease – of joy that kills.。
新世纪大学英语综合教程4Unit8课后答案及解析
Unit 8Part One1.Based on his experiences as a judge and writer during the past 30years, his new book covers all his reflections on life and justice.基于作为一名30年的法官和作家的经验，他的新书涵盖了所有对生活和司法的反思.2.There is no doubt that the improper medical treatment hastened his death.不恰当的医学治疗加快了他的死亡是毫无疑问的.3. There was only one solitary hotel left standing after the earthquake.地震发生后仅有一孤立旅馆矗立。
4.How the massive stones were brought here from hundreds of miles away remains an unsolved mystery to modern man.怎样将这么一大块石头从几百米之外带到这，对于现代人来说依然是一个未解之谜。
5.Emily Dickinson is known for her brilliant flights of fancy in her poems about love,death and natural scenery.Emily Dickinson因为她诗中关于爱、死亡和自然风光的伟大幻想而出名。
6.I'll not be able to attend the conference in New York unless someone covers my expense.我不会出席在纽约举行的会议，除非有人给我报销开支。
7.In his talk,the doctor pointed out that many women pursue a slender figure at the cost of their health,by taking pills,having operations,and so on.在他的谈话中，医生指出许多妇女通过吃药、手术等方式，在牺牲健康的条件下追求苗条的身材。
秦秀白《新世纪大学英语综合教程(4)》(课文精解 Unit 8)【圣才出品】
二、课文精解Text A1.Kate Chopin：凯特·萧邦（1851-1904），美国女作家，本名凯萨琳·欧福拉赫蒂（Katherine O’Flaherty）。
自1889年至1902年间，她撰写供成人和孩童阅读的短篇小说。
主要作品为《河口人们》（1894年）和《阿卡迪亚之夜》（1897年）两部短篇小说集。
重要的短篇小说包含《黛泽蕾的婴孩》，其内容为南北战争前路州境内异族通婚的故事。
另有《一小时的故事》和《暴风》。
萧邦亦创作两部长篇小说：《咎》（1890年）和《觉醒》（1899年），后者舞台设于新奥尔良和大岛。
她的小说中人物通常皆为路州居民，大部分作品设定和路州中北部的纳奇忒希相关。
当时文学评论家认为萧邦在作品中始终处处表达她对女性的关怀。
萧邦被公认为19世纪女性主义作家的先驱。
2.It was her sister Josephine who told her,in broken sentences;veiled hints that revealed in half concealing.把这个坏消息透露给她的是她姐姐约瑟芬。
她说话时断断续续，只能半遮半掩地给她一些暗示。
句子的主干为：Josephine told her…；句子使用了强调句句型It was…who…，强调主语；veiled hints是broken sentences的同位话，that引导定语从句，修饰先行词hints。
in broken sentences断断续续地说；吞吞吐吐地。
例：Most people have red faces and talk in broken sentences when they are shy.大多数人害羞时脸会红且说话吞吞吐吐。
veiled隐藏的；掩饰的。
名词形式为veil，意为“面纱；遮盖物”，短语draw a veilover sth.意为“隐瞒；避而不谈”，例：They preferred to draw a veil over the whole incident.他们宁可把这整个事件隐瞒起来。
新世纪大学英语综合教程4(第二版)
[标签:标题]篇一：新世纪大学英语综合教程4(第二版)_习题答案_U3篇二：新世纪大学英语(第二版)综合教程4答案Unit4第四章答案Enhance Your Language Awareness Words in Action▇Working with Words and Expressions1 In the boxes below are some of the words you have learned in this unit. Complete the following sentences with them. Change the form where necessary. ■Answers: 1) mass 2) gambled 3) voluntary 4) hunted 5) classified 6) abolished 7) division 8) senseless 9) fashions 10) coordination 11) declarations 12) committed 13) necessity 14) moderately 15) slightest16) considerable 17) evaluate 18) derived2 In the boxes below are some of the expressions you have learned in this unit. Complete the sentences with them. Change the form where necessary. ■Answers:1) stands/stood a chance 2) ruled out 3) consist /consists of 4) gone through 5) in the strict sense 6) At a guess 7) earns a living 8) coincide with 9) gone in for 10) got their teeth into ▆Increasing Your Word Power 1 Word BuildingDid you notice the suffix -ary and -ory in words such as “voluntary”and “satisfactory”in Texts A and B? The suffix -ary or -ory can be added to a noun to form an adjective. Now add the suffixes of -ary or -ory to the nouns in the following table to form adjectives, then translate them into Chinese.▆1) imaginary 2) congratulatory 3) Migratory 4) documentary 5) legendary 6) introductory 7) contradictory 8) explanatory2 Study the following usage notes and then complete each of the following sentences with an appropriate word from the box. ▆Answers for reference: 1) vocation2) posts3) trade 4) job5) work6) profession 7) career8) position3 Underline the mistakes in the following sentences, paying special attention to the use of prepositions. Write down your corrections in the space provided. If there is no mistake, write “No Mistake”. ▇Answers:1) ( of will.2) ( against black people.3) (for 4) (with) The deceased musician was buried in his home village in5) (over) The mayor (市长stone of the new museum.6) (of always pretend otherwise.7) (in ) The old man’s will was signed witnesses—his younger sister and one of his favourite students.8) ( No Mistake ) When Britain declared war on Germany, Jack’s grandpa joinedthe army and his grandma was frightened for his safety all the time.9) (of) The marketing strategy that I designed proved successful and my10) (No Mistake ) The new theatre is very spacious, but unfortunately, it is difficultof access for wheel-chair users.11) (for to know that his passport had been revoked (吊销) by the US government.12) (of “popular”writers, whom he describes as talentless and worthless.Grammar in Context1 Turn the following complex sentences into simple sentences. ▇Answers for reference:1) I don’t remember having borrowed/borrowing anything from you. 2) She’ll stay here for a couple of weeks before going on to New York. 3) The prospect of Professor Smith’s coming to see us cheered us all. 4) Jim, a man of strong character, naturally didn’t give in.5) Arriving at the school gate, he found his classmates had already assembled.2 Replace the that-clause in each of the sentences with a prepositional phrase. ▇Answers for reference:1) He was afraid of falling behind the others.2) We were all amused at Hey’s running after the dog in his slippers. 3) Have they informed you of the change in the plan?4) We’re grateful to you for having given us so much help. 5) We assured them of our willingness to cooperate with them.ClozeComplete the following passage with words chosen from this unit. The initial letter of each is given. ▇Answers: (1) enjoy (2) physical (3) compelled (4) necessity (5) support (6) mental (7) idealize (8) status (9) values (10) classified (11) essential(12) mind (13) attitude (14) fortunateTranslation1 Translate the following sentences into English, using the words or expressions given in brackets.▇Answers for reference:1) As more and more details of her private life were disclosed by the media, she was compelled to resign her post as general manager (or: resign as general manager/ resign from the post of general manager) of the company. 2) She is very satisfied with her new job as it coincides with her interests.3) I bought this shirt because the pricet was reduced from 300 yuan to 80 yuan. 4) To bring her children up, the mother really went through all kinds of hardships. 5) The police have ruled out murder in the case of the old lady’s death.6) The municipality (municipal government) promised to take effective steps as soon as possible to solve the problems of air pollution.7) I did not go in for the Campus Tennis Championships held last month because of my injured leg.8）If you can get the support of the majority of the girls, you stand a good chance of winning the election and becoming Chairman of the Students Union.9) Not all the books he wrote were as successful as this one so I recommend that you borrow it from the library and read it.10) At the 2004 Athens Olympic Games Liu Xiang won the championship of the men’s 110-meter hurdle and broke the world record, which had been previously held by an American athlete.2 Translate the following passage into English. ▇Answers for reference:Some people think that they’ve fulfilled their tasks as long as they go on duty and come off dutyon time. They never think about what is meant by “work”and why they should work at all. In fact, “work”involves such qualities as wisdom, enthusiasm, imagination and creativity.To do his work well, a worker must have a spirit of dedication, and be capable of bearing hardships and standing hard work. In addition, he should have initiative and creativity. Having initiative means the worker should be ready to grasp every opportunity to display his outstanding ability.In addition, a worker should make clear the nature and significance of the work he does, be responsible for whatever he is doing and plunge himself into the work with vigorous enthusiasm. If he can do so, he will find a job no longer a burden but an indispensable part of his life. Whatever he does, he can always find values and pleasure in the work and achieve extraordinary results in otherwise ordinary work.THEME-RELATED WRITINGWrite a composition of no less than 150 words on the topic “My Career Choice”. Your writing should cover the following points: 1) the kind of job you prefer to do2) factors you consider when choosing the job 3) conclusion ▆Sample Essay:My Career ChoiceWhen it comes to the choice of career, different people consider the matter from different perspectives. Personally I prefer to be a teacher.I have three reasons for my decision. The first reason is that the profession of teaching is in agreement with my personality. Being an outgoing, patient and understanding person, I think I am able to communicate with my students and understand their feelings easily, which constitutes an important factor in ensuring success in teaching. The second reason is that I am interested in the job. It would always give me great joy and satisfaction to see the happy faces of my students, to share my knowledge and life experience with them and to participate in their process of growing up. The third reason is related to my occupational attitude. I always believe that school teachers all over the world are respected for their profound knowledge and higher social status. I have always held my teachers in respect and I hope I would be respected as a teacher, too, in the future.I think teaching is an ideal career for me. Being a university student now, I will work hard to realize my dream.(198 words)篇三：新世纪大学英语综合教程4第二版unit1课文翻译人在自然界亚历山大·斯伯金1人类生活在大自然的王国里。
新世纪大学英语综合教程4课后练习答案(含原文)
1、 单词填空Unit 11. The enormous(庞大的) oil spill on Alaska’s North Slope region in 1989was a disaster(灾难、灾祸) for Alaskan sea animals.2. Due to the lack of labor force, even women in this village were compelled(迫使) to work in the coal mines.3. The travel agency promised to offer foreign travelers everything from historical monuments and castles to modern leisure activities.4. According to the rules set by the company, anyone who is regularly late for work is likely to be disciplined(训导) or dismissed.5. People in that area are already threatened with environmental destruction (破坏)since 60% of the forest there has been destroyed.6. The auto company has seen a huge increase in the output of private cars this year due to the improved working efficiency.7. Under the severe attack from enemy aircraft, the troops were forced to retreated from the front. 8. The tennis match was abandoned at half-time because of the harsh weather conditions.9. The policeman searched the building thoroughly but did not find any trace of the criminal.10. Survival of the Fittest is an eternal truth of nature.11. A series of new policies have been introduced in the region in the hope of attracting foreign investment.12. The military government refused to transfer power to a democratically elected civilian government.13. Many people tend to justify the breakdown of their marriage on the grounds of conflict of personalities.14. The substance on the new medicine is believed to be safe,nonetheless, the Food and Drug Administrations is going to examine it all the same.15. It has been a long tradition for businesses in this area to make contributions to the local charities.16. In order to achieve a higher GDP, the government has taken various measures to accelerate the rate of economic growth.17. Deforesting and global warming threaten to ruin the current and future state of our environment.Unit 31. After gold was first discovered at Sutter’s Mill in 1848, many peopletraveled all the way to California in quest of gold and fortune.1. He had finished his speech, but somehow he remained at themicrophone for a few minutes, gazing at the audience.1. Medical research has proved that people who consume large amounts ofanimal fats are more likely to get cancer and heart disease than those who do not.1. My father’s job is to look through a microphone at viruses day andnight, and his biggest wish is that I could follow suit and do likewise. 1. They filled a large cooking vessel(容器) with vegetables and let itsimmer over the campfire.1. She wanted to improve her English so she could qualify herself as atranslator.1. I can’t play the piano like I used to-my fingers have gone stiff from lackof practice.1. He felt as if his whole world had collapsed when he learned that hischild had been killed in the accident.1. Some scientists predict that the Earth’s temperature would rise by asmuch as 5 over the next 20 years if we didn’t take effective measures. 1. The worsening economic conditions will inevitably lead to more crimesand more victims.1. He appeared to have grasped what I said in class, but I could not tellwhether he had absorbed every detail.1. His proposal of decreasing production was turned down since all theboard members thought it was sheer nonsense.1. The company is planing to construct a palm oil refinery with thecapacity of refining 300 tons of palms to cooking oil per day.1. The public transport system in the region has been completely paralyzessince the bus drivers started a strike in the morning.1. We thought we’d do an exchange. She’ll come over here at Easter andI’ll go there in summer.Unit 61. It used to be rare to see people sleeping on the street of London, butthese days it’s becoming increasingly commonplace.1. Those psychologists believe that one’s childhood experiences will havean enduring influence on his or her future work and personality.1. As the music started, the lights in the theatre began to dim.1. As a fresh graduate, Jim seems to have the ambition to commandeverything in the world.1. Her colleagues were afraid to work with her, because she won’t tolerateany imperfection in her own or anyone else’s work.1. The girl remains in serious bu stable condition in the intensive care unitin the hospital.1. At the last ring of the bell, all the people at the party joined in withabandon shouting joyfully and merrily, to welcome the arrival of the New Year.1. We should devote our finite life to the infinite cause of serving thepeople.1. I never thought he was capable of doing such a mean thing to hisbrother - that was totally disgusting!1. It seems to me that this novelist delights in weaving elaborate andcomplicated plots in his works.1. Our car broke down, so we had to rent a car, which was an additionalfinancial burden on my family.1. Jim had high aspirations(愿望)to open a law firm even before hegraduated from the law school.1. She felt a deep sense of gratitude to the teacher who had financed herthrough college education.1. His friends deserted him since they were fed up with his endlesscomplaining about his family, colleagues, work, and everything.1. He has remained faithful to the President’s administration when somany others have spoken out against it.1. The president of the university promised that once he had commi t ted tothis course of action, he would try his best to have it fulfilled.Unit 71. I don’t think it necessary to furnished our apartment a second timesince we will sell it soon.1. He made a firm resolve to give up smoking and drinking as soon as hediscovered that he had a heart trouble.1. To reduce the risks of railway accidents, we spend over ten million yuanon maintain the railway lines every year.1. My parents lived a frugal lifestyle all their lives. For one thing, theynever discard anything that was still of use; for another, they never purchased things on impulse.1. The government has refused to sanction a further cut in the rate ofcorporate tax.1. As Linda is a career woman and her husband works abroad, they cannotraise their newborn son all by themselves and have to employ a babysitter on a fixed term of five years.1. My apartment was badly furnished because the workers did not strip theoriginal paint off the walls before they started painting.1. When we learned that the local college had only the bare essentials interms of equipment, we decided to donate a million yuan so that they could improve their teaching facilities.1. The Jones purchased a second-hand car for $1200;it was a real bargain,,but I wonder how long it will last.1. It is always good to read some English novels in your spare time.If youcannot understand the original,you may read the simplified versions which are also available in the local bookstore.1. Sam said to the girl,”I will trade you some of my chocolate for some ofyour ice cream.”1. Since you’re decided to simplify your life and have moved into asmaller house,you are going to have to make an effort to downsize your furniture and belongings.1. Representatives from the two nations had worked together on numerousoccasions before the peace treaty was signed to end the border conflicts.1. When the factory closed,the machinery was sold off for only a fractionof its true value.1. At the press conference the new president made it plain that he woulddo his utmost to build “a government of the people,by the people for the people” as advocated by Lincoln.1. Diets that are high in saturated fat tend to block our arteries(动脉),thereby reducing the blood flow to our hearts and brains.1. The children are busy rolling,folding, and cutting paper in ahandcrafting competition.Unit 81. Based on his experiences as a judge and writer during the past 30 years,his new book covers all his reflections on life and justice.1. There is no doubt that the improper medical treatment hasten his death.1. There was only one solitary hotel left standing after the earthquake.1. How the massive stones were brought here from hundreds of miles awayremains an unsolved mystery to modern man.1. Emily Dickinson is known for her brilliant flights of fancy in her poemsabout love,death and natural scenery.1. I’ll not be able to attend the conference in New York unless someonecovers my expenses.1. In his talk,the doctor pointed out that many women pursue a slenderfigure at the cost of their health,by taking pills,having operations,and so on.1. The money from the donors will be used for the purchase of computerequipment for the school. 9.There’s a notice outside the building which says “No admission before 12 noon”.1. The play’s message is perhaps too subtle to be understood by the childaudience.1. Although she appeared quite cold and harsh ,her smiling eyes betrayedher care and love toward the children.1. Nothing can be more exciting than the first time you receive red rosesfrom the one you love.They have special significance to your youth. 1. The boy inherited a big house from his father, but he cannot legally takepossession of the property until he is 18 yeas old.1. In the mornings in Disneyland there is always a procession of cartoonfigures greeting the children.1. She dropped a few hints about her birthday to make sure that no onewould forget it.1. He was taking drugs and trying to conceal it from his parents.1、 短语填空Unit11. Shortly after the government‟s new policy was put into effect , the economy of our country began to show signs of recovery. 后不久，政府的新政策付诸实施，我国经济开始出现复苏迹象。
秦秀白《新世纪大学英语综合教程(4)》(第2版)学习指南【词汇短语+课文精解+全文翻译+练习答案】
秦秀白《新世纪大学英语综合教程（4）》（第2版）学习指南【词汇短语＋课文精解＋全文翻译＋练习答案】目录Unit 1 一、词汇短语 二、课文精解 三、全文翻译 四、练习答案Unit 2 一、词汇短语 二、课文精解 三、全文翻译 四、练习答案Unit 3 一、词汇短语 二、课文精解 三、全文翻译 四、练习答案Unit 4 一、词汇短语 二、课文精解 三、全文翻译 四、练习答案Unit 5 一、词汇短语 二、课文精解 三、全文翻译 四、练习答案Unit 6 一、词汇短语 二、课文精解 三、全文翻译 四、练习答案Unit 7 一、词汇短语 二、课文精解 三、全文翻译 四、练习答案Unit 8 一、词汇短语 二、课文精解 三、全文翻译 四、练习答案弘博学习网————各类考试资料全收录内容简介本书是《新世纪大学英语综合教程（4）》（第2版）的配套辅导用书，按照原教材的课次进行编写，每单元涉及词汇短语、课文精解、全文翻译以及练习答案内容。
词汇短语中精选每单元的重、难点词汇，每个词后除了释义，还给出了相应的例句，及一些常用的搭配、词组、助记方法等。
课文精解从文中选出重点句子及难以理解的句子加以讲解，其中包括对句子结构分析、相关知识点讲解和延伸。
全文翻译是在参阅了大量与教材相关用书的基础上总结编写而成的。
练习答案提供每单元习题的参考答案。
本书旨在帮助学生更好、更高效地学习和掌握教程中的重点及难点知识，具有很强的针对性和实用性。
在编写过程中，该书力求突出重点，答疑难点，语言言简意赅，讲解深入浅出，希望它能得到广大英语学习者的喜爱和认可。
弘博学习网————各类考试资料全收录Unit 1一、词汇短语Text Arealm [relm] n. 王国，国土；领域【例句】He was banished from the realm. 他被驱逐出境。
【词组】in the realm of 在…领域里【助记】real（真正的）+m→真正的好东西（如音乐、艺术）无国界→领地，范围dweller [dwelE] n. 居住者；居民subdue [sQb5dju:] v. 征服，克服，压制【例句】We subdued a desire to laugh.我们强忍住了笑。
新世纪大学英语综合教程4课文翻译Unit8
8A1|一小时的故事| 凯特·肖邦（1）因为知道马拉德太太患有心脏病，所以在告诉她丈夫死亡的消息时特别小心，尽量委婉。
2把这个坏消息透露给她的是她姐姐约瑟芬。
她说话时断断续续，只能半遮半掩地给她一些暗示。
她丈夫的朋友理查兹也在场，就在她身边。
铁道事故的消息传来时，理查兹正好在报社办公室，布伦特利·马拉德的名字排在“死亡”名单的首位。
第二封电报让他相信确有此事，于是他便立刻动身，赶在那些粗心大意、考虑不周的朋友之前把这个不幸的消息带了回来。
3许多女人听到这样的噩耗都会神情恍惚，麻木地接受现实。
马拉德太太却不然。
她猛地一下扑倒在姐姐怀里，号啕大哭起来。
这阵暴风雨般的悲痛过去之后，她独自一人回到了自己的房间，不让任何人跟着她。
4房间里放着一把舒适、宽大的扶手椅，对着敞开的窗户。
她一屁股坐在扶手椅上，身体的疲惫使她心力交瘁，这种疲惫似乎也侵入了她的灵魂。
5透过窗户，她看到了房前空旷广场上的树枝充满着新春的活力，空气中弥漫着清新的雨的气息。
楼下的街上有一个小贩正在叫卖。
远处的歌声隐隐约约地飘过来，数不清的鸟儿也叫个不停。
6从窗口望出去，西边的天空上层层叠叠的云团之间露出一片片蔚蓝。
7她坐在椅子里，头靠在椅垫上，非常平静。
只是偶尔抽泣一下，全身颤抖，好像一个哭着入睡的孩子在梦里仍在抽泣一样。
8她很年轻，面容白皙而安详。
但她脸上的线条却显示着一种压抑，甚至是一种力量。
但此时，她目光茫然，呆呆地望着远处的一片蓝天。
这并不是匆匆沉思的一瞥，而是她许久没有深思熟虑的体现。
9（2）有一种感觉正在向她靠近，那正是她充满恐惧等待着的感觉。
是什么感觉呢？她不知道，因为这种感觉太微妙，太难以捉摸，她说不清楚。
但她能感受得到，它正在空中蔓延，穿过弥漫于空中的声音、气味和色彩慢慢向她靠近。
10此时，她内心骚动不安，胸脯上下起伏。
她开始意识到了向她步步逼近并将渐渐征服她的感觉是什么。
她想尽力用自己的意志把这种感觉压下去——可是她的意志就像她那双白嫩纤细的手一样软弱无力。
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Electronic Teaching PortfolioBook FourUnit Eight: GlobalizationPart I Get StartedSection A Discussion▇Work in pairs or groups and discuss the following questions.1. What do you know about globalization?2. What has globalization contributed to the world economy?3. What negative effects has globalization brought about?▇ Answers for reference:1. Globalization has been a commonly used term since the late twentieth century. It simply means that the world has become integrated economically, socially, politically and culturally through the advances in technology, transportation and communication. It is the collaboration of countries to boost trade, and to reduce cultural differences.2. Globalization has contributed to the world’s economy in many beneficial ways.First, the advances in science and technology have allowed businesses to cross over frontiers easily. Consequently, companies tend to become more productive and competitive, thus raising the quality of goods, services and living standards. Second, globalization provides companies with more and larger markets. They can sell more goods and make more money. Meanwhile, they can create more jobs. Last but not least, consumers can also benefit from globalization. As products become cheaper, they can get new goods more quickly and easily.3. Though globalization has a lot of advantages, it also produces some negative effects. First, globalization results in more unemployment in industrialized countries because many factories have moved to developing countries where they can get cheap labour. Second, it causes some environmental problems. As companies in the developed countries open their factories in developing countries, serious environmental problems have occurred in some developing countries. Last, the natural resources of some of the developing countries are being robbed of by some developed countries in the process of globalization.Section B Quotes▇Study the following quotes about globalization and discuss in pairs what you can learn from them.Jeffrey Sachs⊙Globalization was a deep trend pushed by technology and right ideas, as much as anything else.—Jeffrey SachsInterpretation:Everything has its law of development. The same is true of globalization. Driven by technology and right ideas, it has progressed rapidly and will develop in depth.About Jeffrey David Sachs (1954- ): an American economist and Director of the Earth Institute at Columbia University. He is one of the youngest economics professors in the history of Harvard University. He is known for his work on the challenges of economic development, environmental sustainability, poverty alleviation, debt cancellation, and globalization.Robert Reich⊙Globalization and free trade do spur economic growth, and they lead to lower prices on many goods.—Robert ReichInterpretation:Stimulated by globalization and free trade, the world economy grows rapidly. At the same time, globalization and free trade have brought in fierce competition, and affordable prices have benefited consumers in a great way.About Robert Bernard Reich (1946- ): an American political economist, professor, author, and political commentator. He served in the administrations of Presidents Gerald Ford and Jimmy Carter and was Secretary of Labor under President Bill Clinton from 1993 to 1997.Jimmy Carter⊙If you are totally illiterate and living on $1 a day, the benefits of globalization never come to you.—Jimmy CarterInterpretation:Though globalization brings advantages to the world, it also brings about a great gap between the rich and the poor. There are still many people living below the poverty line, who cannot enjoy the fruits of globalization.About Jimmy Carter (1924- ): an American politician who served as the 39th President of the United States (1977–1981). He was awarded the 2002 Nobel Peace Prize.Larry Summers⊙In the developing world, far more people are poor because of too little globalization rather than too much.—Larry Summers Interpretation:People in many developing countries are still poor because they have not benefited from globalization. Globalization decreases poverty in developing countries.About Larry Summers (1954- ): an American economist. He served as the 71st United States Secretary of the Treasury from 1999 to 2001 under President Bill Clinton. He was Director of the White House United States National Economic Council for President Barack Obama until November 2010.Section C Watching and Discussion▇ Watch the following video clip “What Is Globalization” and do the tasks that follow:1.Please decide whether each of the following statements is true (T) or false (F) based on theinformation in the video clip.( F ) Globalization is a process through which the financial markets, societies and cultures have become independent and tend to demerge.( T ) Globalization can also be viewed as the freedom of movement for goods, services, and people across borders.( F ) There seems to be an agreement on that economic globalization is an irreversible current.( F ) Global competition keeps prices low so inflation has no chance to occur.( F ) In a globalized world, when having a economy crush, a country can ask for help from other countries.( T ) Our economy is increasingly global as a result of mass communication and mass transportation.2.Do you think that globalization is an irreversible current? Why or why not? Is there anychance for small businesses to survive? How?Answers for reference:Open.Script：What Is GlobalizationHello, I’m Milo from , and here we’ll talk about globalization.Globalization is a word that we hear constantly nowadays. It can be defined as the trend in the financial markets and businesses to expand beyond national and territorial borders and boundaries. It is a process through which the financial markets, societies and cultures have become interdependent and tend to merge, blurring the boundaries between the local, national,and international.It is a dynamic process primarily led by multi-national businesses and organizations. It can also be viewed as the freedom of movement for goods, services, and people across borders. It is a phenomenon caused by the latest developments in mass communication and the technologies that have been developed and continue to be developed to support this new and instant way of communicating between people and organizations.The increased ease of mobility has also greatly contributed to this unstoppable trend. There seems to be a disagreement on whether economic globalization is or not an irreversible current. What is certain is that this trend has substantial effects on the world’s economies.The Pros of globalization include:∙Global competition keeps prices low so inflation is less likely to occur.∙An open economy can encourage innovation as people can exchange ideas freely and instantaneously.∙There are more varied and international goods available for consumption everywhere.On the negative side:∙Small businesses have difficulty surviving in an unregulated market and usually get eaten up by larger competitors.∙As economies become interdependent, a crush in a country’s economy will affect other countries in a negative way.To sum up we must understand that there are some basic aspects to globalization:∙Internet allows us to be global in the way we exchange information.∙We are more mobile than ever, travel has become less expensive and people move all over the place and get to see and experience different cultures.∙Environmental problems affect us all, issues such as air pollution, acid rain, and climate go beyond national borders.∙Our economy is increasingly global as a result of mass communication and mass transportation.Part II Listen and RespondSection B Task One: Focusing on the Main Ideas▇Choose the best answer to each of the following questions according to the information contained in the listening passage.1) What does globalization mean according to the speaker?A) It means that the world is becoming more and more integrated.B) It means that the world’s living standards are greatly improved.C) It means that more opportunities are given to the developing countries.D) It means that the world is developing more and more rapidly.2) What benefits do companies get from globalization according to the speaker?A) They are allowed to do business in the developing countries.B) They become more productive and competitive by doing business overseas.C) Their products can reach any place they want through modern means of transportation.D) They can communicate with other companies more easily.3) How do people in developing countries benefit most from globalization?A) They can meet various people online.B) They can get better education by studying overseas.C) They can learn from people from other countries.D) They can study in their home universities.4) What new threats does globalization bring?A) The quick spread of perishable items.B) The quick spread of wildfire.C) The quick spread of disease.D) The quick spread of the labor-force.5) What is the speaker’s attitude towards globalization?A) Prejudiced.B) Negative.C) Subjective.D) Objective.▇ Key:1) A 2) B 3) B 4) C 5) DSection C Task Two: Zooming In on the Details▇Listen to the recording again and fill in each of the blanks according to what you have heard.Globalization has been a commonly used term since the late twentieth century. It simply means that the world has become integrated economically, socially, politically and culturally through the advances in technology, transportation and communication. It is undeniable that globalization has resulted in both positive and negative effects which must be addressed accordingly.To begin with, globalization has contributed to the world’s economies in many beneficial ways. Advances in science and technology have allowed businesses to easily cross over frontiers. Consequently, companies tend to become more productive and competitive thereby raising the quality of goods, services and the world’s living standard.Secondly, a very critical advantage is the spread of education. With numerous educational institutions around the globe, one can move out from the home country for better opportunities elsewhere. Thus, integrating with different cultures, meeting and learning from various people through the medium of education is all due to globalization. Developing countries or labour-intensive countries have benefited the most.Script:The Advantages and Disadvantages of GlobalizationGlobalization has been a commonly used term since the late twentieth century. It simply means that the world has become integrated economically, socially, politically and culturally through the advances in technology, transportation and communication. It is undeniable that globalization has resulted in both positive and negative effects which must be addressed accordingly.To begin with, globalization has contributed to the world’s economies in many beneficial ways. Advances in science and technology have allowed businesses to easily cross over frontiers. Consequently, companies tend to become more productive and competitive thereby raising the quality of goods, services and the world’s living standards.Secondly, a very critical advantage is the spread of education. With numerous educational institutions around the globe, one can move out from the home country for better opportunities elsewhere. Thus, integrating with different cultures, meeting and learning from various people through the medium of education is all due to globalization. Developing countries or labour-intensive countries have benefited the most.However, one cannot deny the negative effects resulting from globalization. Globalization has given rise to more health risks and threats of epidemics. A customary example is the dawn of HIV/AIDS. Having its origin in remote regions of Africa, the virus has spread like wildfire throughout the globe. Furthermore, food items are also transported to various countries, and this is a matter of concern, especially in the case of perishable items. The safety regulations and the standards of food preparation are different in different countries, which may pose a risk of potential health hazards.In conclusion, while globalization is inevitable, we must nevertheless urge individuals, companies and governments to use a more balanced approach by taking appropriate steps to deal with matters relating to the financial or economic gains versus the social, political and ecological concerns of the world.Part III Read and ExploreText ASection A Discovering the Main IdeasExercise 1: Answer the following questions with the information contained in Text A.1. What is the speaker’s definition of an inclusive globalization?2. What does an inclusive globalization demand of us?3. In what ways can an inclusive globalization be promoted?4. What is the impact of the 11 September attacks on the process of globalization?5. What message does the speaker mean to convey?▇Answers for reference:1. According to the speaker, an inclusive globalization recognizes and exploits the potential of globalization as a truly integrating and inclusive force. Its purpose lies not only in opening markets but also in expanding opportunity and promoting cooperation. Its ultimate goal is to ensure that globalization benefits the whole of humanity economically, politically and socially.2. An inclusive globalization demands that we tear down the walls in our minds so as to treat each other equally and to recognize the interdependence between nations and peoples. It alsodemands that we open our minds to a new, more integrated idea of community.3. There are many different ways to promote an inclusive globalization: opening markets for the products of developing countries; increasing development assistance; promoting good and transparent governance; addressing diseases and environmental problems that have not reached our shores; recognizing obligations to provide asylum; fostering a more orderly process of integrating migrants; and valuing pluralism as a top priority for every state.4. The 11 September attacks make it very clear that humanity is indivisible and terrorism is a threat to everyone, and that the fight against terrorism can be successful only if people of different races, nations or regions get united as one. For this purpose, globalization must be made to benefit all — those at the margins and those at the centre, the poor and the privileged, the shackled and the free.5. The speaker urges us to deal with the negative, unattended social and political consequences of globalization, and the solution lies in promoting an inclusive globalization to ensure that globalization benefits the whole of humanity.Exercise 2: Text A can be divided into five parts with the paragraph number(s) of each part provided as follows. Write down the main idea of each part.Section B In-depth StudySome people benefit from globalization, while others simply see it as one more manifestation of the inequity of the world. Kofi Annan, former Secretary-General of the United Nations, suggests that one way to address this issue is the pursuit of an inclusive globalization.A Plea for an “Inclusive” GlobalizationKofi Annan1 It has often been said that globalization is what distinguishes our era from all its predecessors. Globalization, we are told, is redefining not only the way we engage the world, but how we communicate with each other. Globalization is commonly understood to describe the increasing flow of goods, service, capital, technology, information, ideas and labour at the global level, driven by liberalization policies and technological changes. For a time, this logic was borne outby reality. Indeed, it worked so well that in many cases underlying schisms were ignored in the belief that the rising tide of material growth would eliminate the importance of political differences and social grievances.However, over the past few years, I and others have urged greater consideration for the potential political backlash if the social—as well as the economic—consequences of globalization are left unattended.2 Today, I would like to share some thoughts on an equally important aspect of globalization—namely its potential to be a truly integrating and inclusive force and the very real dangers if it fails to live up to that potential. In other words, just as we worry about the gap between haves and have-nots, we need to be equally concerned about the gulf between insiders and outsiders in a globalized world where no border is impermeable, and where the privileges—economic as well as political and social—of the few are painfully apparent to those multitudes who still yearn for liberty and opportunity. We need, in short, to direct our energies towards realizing the aspiration inherent in the awkward, but revealing Arabic translation of the word “globalization” —which means literally“world inclusivity”.3 Today, I wish to suggest that one way to address this new division—between those who benefit from globalization, and those who simply see it as one more manifestation of the inequity of the world—is to pursue an inclusive globalization whose purpose lies not only in opening markets but in expanding opportunity and promoting cooperation. By this I mean the need to ensure that the globalization of economies and societies is supported and sustained by a “globalization of community”—to create a wider, more expansive definition of our duties to our fellow men and women in the global village, and to ensure that globalization benefits them all—economically, politically and socially.4 Such a world demands that we tear down the walls in our own minds as well—those separating us from them, rich from poor, white from black, Christian from Muslim—so that we are able to recognize the untold ways in which we can all benefit from cooperation and solidarity across lines of nationality, race or economic development. Whether it is the area of crime, health, the environment, or the fight against terrorism, interdependence has ceased to be an abstract concept, and become a reality in our own lives. This poses a real challenge not only to political leaders, but to civil society, NGOs, business, labour unions, thinkers, and citizens of every nation. We need to rethink what belonging means, and what community means, in order to be able to embrace the fate of distant people and realize that globalization’s glass house must be open to all if it is to remain secure. This will require leaders in every sector to present the choices facing the public in a different light. They need to make the difficult but necessary case that we cannot continue to exclude the poor, the disenfranchised or those who are denied the basic right to liberty and self-determination. Or that if we do, we cannot at the same time hope to secure lasting peace and prosperity.5 There are myriad ways in which nations can act on this imperative—by opening markets for the products of developing countries; by increased development assistance; by promoting good and transparent governance; by addressing diseases and environmental problems that have not reached our shores, or at least not yet; by recognizing obligations to provide asylum; by fostering a more orderly process of integrating migrants; and by valuing pluralism as a top priority for every state.6 The United Nations itself was created in the belief that dialogue can triumph over discord, that diversity is a universal virtue, and that the peoples of the world are far more united by their common fate than they are divided by their separate identities. This dialogue must take place every day among all nations—within and between civilizations, cultures and groups. But it mustbe based on genuinely shared values. Without these values—values rooted in the Charter of the United Nations and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights—no peace can be lasting and no prosperity secure. That is the lesson of the United Nations’ first half-century. It is a lesson that we ignored at our peril. While it may seem somewhat vague to speak of globalization based on shared values, the vision of the world it seeks to create is quite clear and quite specific.7 This vision is based on an understanding that we are the products of many cultures, that our strengths lie in combining the familiar with the foreign. This is not to say that we cannot rightly take pride in our particular faith or heritage. We can and we should. But the notion that what is ours is necessarily in conflict with what is theirs is both false and dangerous. It has resulted in endless hostilities and conflicts, leading men and women to commit the greatest of crimes in the name of a higher power.8 Friends, if today, after the horror of 11 September, we see better, and we see further—we will realize that humanity is indivisible. New threats make no distinction between races, nations or regions. A new insecurity has entered every mind, regardless of wealth or status. A deeper awareness of the bonds that bind us all—in pain as in prosperity—has gripped young and old. The process of globalization cannot remain unchanged in the face of this recognition. It must be made to benefit those at the margins as well as those at the center, the poor as well as the privileged, the shackled as well as the free.9 The global reaction to the 11 September attacks should give us courage and hope that we can succeed in this fight. The sight of people gathering in cities in every part of the world from every religion to mourn—and to express solidarity with the people of the United States—proved more eloquently than any words that terrorism is not an issue that divides humanity, but one that unites it.10 The victims of the attacks on 11 September were, first and foremost, the innocent civilians who lost their lives, and families who now grieve for them. But peace, tolerance, mutual respect, human rights, the role of law and the global economy are all among the casualties of the terrorists’acts. Repairing the damage done to the fabric of the international community—restoring trust among peoples and cultures—will not be easy. But just as a concerted international response can make the work of terrorists much harder to accomplish, so should the unity born of this tragedy bring all nations together in defense of the most basic right—the right of all peoples to live in peace and security.11 An inclusive globalization will be central to achieving this fundamental goal.▇课文参考译文呼吁推行“包容性”全球化科菲·安南1 人们常说，全球化是一个不同于以往任何时代的全新时代。