英语高考虚拟语气语法
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虚拟语气
1.英语的动词有三种语气形式,即陈述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气。
A.陈述语气用来说明事实或就事实提出询问,可用于陈述句、疑问句和某些
感叹句中;
B.祈使语气用于表示请求、命令、建议或警告等。
C.虚拟语气是谓语动词的一种特殊形式,用来表达假设、主观愿望、猜测、
建议、可能或空想等非真实情况。
Example:
If I were you ,I would not go. 我要是你,我就不会去。(虚拟语气)
I wish I had a lot of money. 要是我有很多很多钱就好了。(虚拟语气)
2.条件句中的虚拟语气
A.条件句有真实条件句和虚拟条件句两种。真实条件句所表示的假设是有可
能发生的,此时主句不用虚拟语气;而虚拟条件句则表示一种假想,与事实相反或不大可能会发生,此时用虚拟语气。如:
We hope they will come. (We don’t know if they can come.)
We wish they could come. (We know they are not coming.)
B.if only 与I wish一样,也用于表示与事实相反的愿望,其后所虚拟语气的
时态与wish后所接时态的情况相同:
If only she had had more courage! 她再勇敢一些就好了。
If only I had listened to my parents! 我要是当时听了父母的话就好了。
If only she would go with me! 她要是愿意和我一道去就好了!
*if only 可以独立使用,没有主句。
C.l would rather后句子用虚拟语气只分现在和过去
在would rather, would sooner, would just as soon后的that从句中, 句子谓语习惯上要用虚拟语气,表示"宁愿做什么" ,具体用法为:
①一般过去时表示现在或将来的愿望
I’d rather you went tomorrow (now). 我宁愿你明天(现在)去。
②用过去完成时表过去的愿望
I’d rather you hadn’t said it. 我真希望你没有这样说过。
D.l as if (though)从句用虚拟语气
以as if (as though)引导的方式状语从句或表语从句,有时用虚拟语气,则与wish用法相同,例:
He acts as if he knew me. 他显得认识我似的。
They treat me as though I were a stranger. 他们待我如陌生人。
He talks as if he had been abroad. 他说起话来好像曾经出过国。
注:两点说明
(1) 从句所表示的内容若为事实或可能为事实,也可用陈述语气:
It looks as if we’ll be late. 我们似乎要迟到了。
(2) 注意It isn’t as if…的翻译:
It isn’t as if he were poor. 他不像穷的样子(或他又不穷)。
4.表示祝愿话语中也可以用虚拟语气
A.May god bless you.愿上帝保佑你。
B.May you enjoy many years of health and happiness.祝您健康长寿美满幸福。
5.总结
A.表示与现在事实相反的愿望
构成:主语+ wish (that) + 从句主语+ 动词过去式(be 一律用were)
例如:I wish I knew everything in the world.我希望我知道世界上所有的事。
I wish that the experiment were a success.我希望这个实验是成功的。
We wish we had wings.我们希望有翅膀。
B.表示与过去事实相反的愿望
构成:主语+ wish (that) + 从句主语+ would/could + have + 过去分词或had + 过去分词
例如:I wish that you had come yesterday.我希望你昨天来过。
I wish that I could have gone with you last night.我希望我昨晚能和你一起去。
I didn’t go to the party, but I do wish I had been there.我没有去参加晚会,但是
我真的希望我去过那里。
C.表示将来不大可能实现的愿望
构成:主语+ wish (that) + 从句主语+ would/should/could/might + 原形动词
例如:I wish that he could try again.我希望他能再次尝试。
I wish that someday I should live on the moon.
We wish that they would come soon.
II. As if 引出的虚拟。
As if….表好像……我们经常会利用一下句型来表达不能实现的虚拟状态:It is as if……。(就好像是……)
As if + 从句,主句。(好像…… Sb.+ do…)表达一种假设的条件。而As if 之后的假设内容的语法结构和wish虚拟的结构一样。