试题及答案二
管理学基础试题及答案2
管理学基础试题及答案2一、判断题（每小题2.5分，共20分）1．（）企业的规章制度一旦制定出来，就必须不折不扣地加以执行。
2．（）如果管理者在把任务分配给下属的同时，也把相应的权力授予其下属，则日后其下属如果在完成任务中出了差错，该管理者可以不负责任，因为他已将权力下放给下属，下属就应该对完成任务负全责。
3．（）正式组织的领导者是指那些能够影响他人并拥有职位权力的人。
4．（）根据激励理论，消除了工作中的不满意因素便能使人们体会到满意。
5．（）领导是对人的思想和行为产生影响，这种影响力只能建立在职位权力的基础之上。
6．（）管理者通过授权而给下属进行的领导，是一种放任式领导。
7．（）指挥链赋予了主管人员直接命令和指挥其所有下属人员的权力。
8．（）组织中的所有管理人员都毫无例外地对他人的工作好坏负有责任。
二、选择题（每小题2.5分，共25分）1．宗教领袖所具有的权威通常来自：（）A．专长影响力B．个人影响力C．惩罚权D．奖励权2．管理层次的存在是由于：（）A．管理幅度的存在B．美学上的原因C．可使组织更加灵活D．有利于沟通联络3．在下列各种划分部门的形式中，哪一种最有利于培养具有全面管理能力的主管人员？（）A．按人数划分部门B．按职能划分部门C．按地区划分部门D．按时间划分部门4．“士为知己者死”这一古训反映了有效的领导始于：（）A．上下级之间的友情B．为下属设定崇高的目标C．舍己为人D．了解下属的欲望和要求5．以下哪项因素最可能是赫兹伯格所认为的激励因素？（）A．富有挑战性的工作B．良好的人际关系C．较高的工资水平D．完备的管理制度6．商业银行在设计组织结构时，经常设立证券投资部、房地产部、信托投资部等，这是按什么方式进行部门划分？（）A．按职能性质B．按产品性质C．按顾客性质D．按销售渠道7．根据双因素理论，工作环境应该属于：（）A．正强化因素B．激励因素C．负强化因素D．保健因素8．“根据过去工作的情况，去调整未来的行为。
2023新高考2卷语文试题及答案解析(新高考全国Ⅱ卷)
2023新高考2卷语文试题及答案解析(新高考全国Ⅱ卷)2023年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试【新课标II卷】语文注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必用黑色碳素笔将自己的姓名、准考证号、考场号、座位号填写在答题卡上，并认真核准条形码上的准考证号、姓名、考场号、座位号及科目，在规定的位置贴好条形码。
2. 回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。
回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。
写在本试卷上无效。
3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
一、现代文阅读 (35 分)(一) 现代文阅读 I (本题共 5 小题，19 分)阅读下面的文字，完成 1-5 题。
材料一：搞好调查研究，一定要从群众中来、到群众中去，广泛听取群众意见。
人民群众的社会实践，是获得正确认识的源泉，也是检验和深化我们认识的根本所在。
调查研究成果的质量如何，形成的意见正确与否，最终都要由人民群众的实践来检验。
毛泽东同志 1930 年在寻乌县调查时，直接与各界群众开调查会，掌握了大量第一手材料，诸如该县各类物产的产量、价格，县城各业人员数量、比例，各商铺经营品种、收入，各地农民分了多少土地、收入怎样，各类人群的政治态度，等等，都弄得一清二楚。
这种深入、唯实的作风值得我们学习。
领导干部进行调查研究，要放下架子、扑下身子，深入田间地头和厂矿车间，同群众一起讨论问题，倾听他们的呼声，体察他们的情绪，感受他们的疾苦，总结他们的经验，吸取他们的智慧。
既要听群众的顺耳话，也要听群众的逆耳言;既要让群众反映情况，也要请群众提出意见。
尤其对群众最盼、最急、最忧、最怨的问题更要主动调研，抓住不放。
这样才能真正听到实话、察到实情、获得真知、收到实效。
调查研究必须坚持实事求是的原则，树立求真务实的作风，具有追求真理、修正错误的勇气。
现在有的干部善于察言观色，准备了几个口袋，揣摩上面或领导的意图来提供材料。
山西自考英语二试题及答案
山西自考英语二试题及答案一、阅读理解（共20分，每题4分）阅读下列短文，然后根据短文内容回答问题。
A篇In the past few years, there has been a significant increase in the number of people who work from home. This trend has been driven by advancements in technology, which have made it easier for employees to connect with their colleagues and complete their tasks remotely. Working from home offers several benefits, including a better work-life balance and reduced commuting time. However, it also presents challenges such as isolation and the need for self-discipline.1. What is the main reason for the increase in remote work?a) Better work-life balanceb) Technological advancementsc) Reduced commuting timed) Isolation2. What benefits are mentioned in the passage for working from home?a) Increased productivityb) Better work-life balancec) More frequent promotionsd) Higher salaries3. What challenges does remote work present?a) Technological issuesb) Isolationc) Office politicsd) Long working hoursB篇The concept of lifelong learning has gained popularity in recent years. It emphasizes the importance of continuous education and skill development throughout one's life. Lifelong learning can take various forms, from formal education to self-directed learning and online courses. The benefits of lifelong learning are numerous, including personal growth, increased employability, and the ability to adapt to changes in the job market.4. What is the main idea of lifelong learning?a) The importance of formal educationb) Continuous education throughout lifec) The need for online coursesd) The benefits of self-directed learning5. What are some forms that lifelong learning can take?a) Formal education onlyb) Self-directed learning and online coursesc) Job promotions and raisesd) Networking and professional events6. What are the benefits of lifelong learning?a) Personal growth and adaptabilityb) Higher starting salariesc) Increased job securityd) Access to better job titles二、词汇与语法（共30分，每题3分）7. The company has been ________ for its innovative approach to problem-solving.a) criticizedb) recognizedc) ignoredd) forgotten8. Despite the heavy rain, the construction work was not________.a) delayedb) advancedc) canceledd) resumed9. She has a ________ knowledge of French, which allows her to communicate effectively with French speakers.a) limitedb) profoundc) superficiald) basic10. The new policy will come into ________ next month.a) actionb) effectc) forced) operation三、完形填空（共20分，每题2分）阅读下面的短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
2023考研英语二真题及答案解析
2023年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（二）试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points)Here’s a common scenario that any number of entrepreneurs face today:you’re the CEO of a small business,and though you’re making a nice1,you need to find a way to take it to the next level.What you need to do is__2__growth by establishing a growth team.A growth team is made up of members from different departments within your company,and it harnesses the power of collaboration to focus3on finding ways to grow.Let’s look at a real-world4.Prior to forming a growth team,the software company BitTorrent had50employees working in the5departments of engineering,marketing and product development.This brought them good results until2012,when their growth plateaued. The6was that too many customers were using the basic,free version of their product.And 7making improvements to the premium,paid version,few people were making the upgrade. Things changed,8,when an innovative project-marketing manager came aboard,9a growth team and sparked the kind of10perspective they needed.By looking at engineering issues from a marketing point of view,it became clear that the11of upgrades wasn’t due to a quality issue.Most customers were simply unaware of the premium version and what it offered. Armed with this12,the marketing and engineering teams joined forces to raise awareness by prominently13the premium version to users of the free version.14, upgrades skyrocketed,and revenue increased by92percent.But in order for your growth team to succeed,it needs to have a strong leader.It needs someone who can15the interdisciplinary team and keep them on course for improvement.This leader will16the target area,set clear goals and establish a time frame for the17of these goals.The growth leader is also18for keeping the team focused on moving forward and steering them clear of distractions.19attractive new ideas can be distracting,the team leader must recognize when these ideas don’t20the current goal and need to be put on the back burner.1.[A]purchase[B]profit[C]connection[D]bet2.[A]define[B]predict[C]prioritize[D]appreciate3.[A]exclusively[B]temporarily[C]potentially[D]initially4.[A]experiment[B]proposal[C]debate[D]example5.[A]identical[B]marginal[C]provisional[D]traditional6.[A]rumor[B]secret[C]myth[D]problem7.[A]despite[B]unlike[C]through[D]besides8.[A]moreover[B]however[C]therefore[D]again9.[A]inspected[B]created[C]expanded[D]reformed10.[A]cultural[B]objective[C]fresh[D]personal11.[A]end[B]burden[C]lack[D]decrease12.[A]policy[B]suggestion[C]purpose[D]insight13.[A]contributing[B]allocating[C]promoting[D]transforming14.[A]as a result[B]at any rate[C]by the way[D]in a sense15.[A]unite[B]finance[C]follow[D]choose16.[A]share[B]identify[C]divide[D]broaden17.[A]announcement[B]assessment[C]adjustment[D]accomplishment18.[A]famous[B]responsible[C]available[D]respective19.[A]before[B]once[C]while[D]unless20.[A]serve[B]limit[C]summarize[D]alterSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions after each text by Choosing A,B,C or D.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40points)Text1In the quest for the perfect lawn,homeowners across the country are taking a shortcut—and it is the environment that is paying the price.About eight million square metres of plastic grass is sold each year but opposition has now spread to the highest gardening circles.The Chelsea Flower Show has banned fake grass from this year’s event,declaring it to be not part of its ethos.The Royal Horticultural Society(RHS),which runs the annual show in west London,says it has introduced the ban because of the damage plastic grass does to the environment and biodiversity.Ed Horne,of the RHS,said:“We launched our sustainability strategy last year and fake grass is just not in line with our ethos and views on plastic.We recommend using real grass because of its environmental benefits,which include supporting wildlife,mitigating flooding and cooling the environment.”The RHS’s decision comes as campaigners try to raise awareness of the problems fake grass causes.A Twitter account called Shit Lawns,which claims to“cut through the greenwash”of artificial grass,already has more than20,000followers.It is trying to encourage people to sign two petitions,one calling for a ban on the sale of plastic grass and another calling for an “ecological damage”tax on such lawns.They have gathered7,260and11,272signatures.However,supporters of fake grass point out that there is also an environmental impact with natural lawns,which need mowing and therefore usually consume electricity or petrol.The industry also points out that real grass requires considerable amounts of water,weed killer or other treatments and that people who lay fake grass tend to use their garden more.The industry also claims that people who lay fake grass spend an average of£500on trees or shrubs for their garden, which provides habitat for insects.In response to another petition last year about banning fake lawns,which gathered30,000 signatures,the government responded that it has“no plans to ban the use of artificial grass”.It added:“We prefer to help people and organizations make the right choice rather than legislating on such matters.However,the use of artificial grass must comply with the legal and policy safeguards in place to protect biodiversity and ensure sustainable drainage,while measures such as the strengthened biodiversity duty should serve to encourage public authorities to consider sustainable alternatives.”21.The RHS thinks that plastic grass.[A]is harmful to the environment[B]is a hot topic in gardening circles[C]is overpraised in the annual show[D]is ruining the view of west London22.The petitions mentioned in para.3reveal the campaigner's.[A]disappointment with the RHS[B]resistance to fake grass use[C]anger over the proposed tax[D]concern above real grass supply23.In para4,supporters of fake grass point out that.[A]the necessity to lower the costs of fake grass[B]the disadvantages of growing real grass[C]the way to take care of artificial lawns[D]the challenges of insect habitat protection24.What would the government do with regard to artificial grass?[A]urge legislation to restrict its use[B]take measures to guarantee its quality[C]remind its users to obey existing rules[D]replace it with sustainable alternatives25.It can be learned from the text that fake grass.[A]is being improved continuously[B]has been a market share decline[C]is becoming affordable[D]has been a controversial productText2It’s easy to dismiss as absurd the Trump administration’s ideas for plugging the chronic funding gap of our national parks.Can anyone really think it’s a good idea to allow Amazon deliveries to your tent in Yosemite or food trucks to line up under the redwood trees at Sequoia National Park? But the administration is right about one thing:U.S.national parks are in crisis.Collectively, they have a maintenance backlog of more than$12billion.Roads,trails,restrooms,visitor centers and other infrastructure are crumbling.But privatizing and commercializing the campgrounds would not be the panacea that the Interior Department’s Outdoor Advisory Committee would have us believe.Campgrounds are a tiny portion of the overall infrastructure backlog,and concessionaires in the parks hand over,on average,only about5%of their revenues to the National Park Service.Moreover,increased privatization would certainly undercut one of the major reasons why300 million visitors come to the parks each year:to enjoy nature and get a respite from the commercial drumbeat that overwhelms daily life.The real problem is that the parks have been chronically starved of funding.We conducted a comprehensive survey examining how U.S.residents view their national parks,and we found that Americans place a very high value on them—whether or not they actually visit them.The peer-reviewed economic survey of700U.S.taxpayers,conducted by mail and internet,also found that people would be willing to pay a significant amount of money to make sure the parks and their programs are kept intact.Some81%of respondents said they would be willing to pay additional taxes for the next10years to avoid any cuts to the national parks.The national parks provide great value to U.S.residents both as places to escape and as symbols of nature.On top of this,they produce value from their extensive educational programs,their positive impact on the climate through carbon sequestration,their contribution to our cultural and artistic life,and of course through tourism.The parks also help keep America’s past alive, working with thousands of local jurisdictions around the country to protect historical sites—including Ellis Island and Gettysburg—and to bring the stories of these places to life.The parks do all this on a shoestring.Congress allocates only$3billion a year to the national park system—an amount that has been flat since2001(in inflation-adjusted dollars)with the exception of a onetime boost in2009as part of the Obama stimulus package.Meanwhile,the number of annual visitors has increased by more than50%since1980,and now stands at330 million visitors per year.26.What problem are U.S.national parks faced with?[A]decline of business profits[B]inadequate commercialization[C]lack of transportation services[D]poorly maintained infrastructure27.Increased privatization of the campground may?[A]spoil visitor experience[B]help preserve nature[C]bring operational pressure[D]boost visits to parks28.According to para.5,most respondents in the survey would?[A]go to the national parks on a regular basis[B]advocate a bigger budget for the national parks[C]pay extra for the national parks[D]support the national parks'recent reforms29.The national parks are valuable in that they________[A]lead the way in tourism[B]have historical significance[C]sponsor research on climate[D]provide an income for locals30.It can be concluded from the text that the national park system[A]is able to cope with shortages[B]is able to meet visitors'demand[C]is in need of a new pricing policy[D]is in need of a funding increaseText3The Internet maybe changing merely what we remember,not our capacity to do so,suggests Columbia University psychology professor Betsy Sparrow.In201,Sparrow led a study in which participants were asked to record40facts in a computer("an ostrich's eye is bigger than its brain, for example).Half of the participants were told the information would be erased,while the other half were told it would be saved.Guess what?The latter group made no effort to recall the information when quizzed on it later,because they knew they could find it on their computers.In the same study,a group was asked to remember their information and the folders it was stored in. They didn't remember their information.But they remembered how to find the folders.In other words,human memory is not deteriorating but"adapting to new communications technology," Sparrow says.In a very practical way,the Internet is becoming an external hard drive for our memories,a process known as"cognitive offloading.""Traditionally,this role was fulfilled by data banks, libraries,and other humans.Your father may never remember birthdays because your mother does,for instance.Some worry that this is having a destructive effect on society,but Sparrow sees an upside.Perhaps,she suggests,the trend will change our approach to learning from a focus on individual facts and memorization to an emphasis on more conceptual thinking-something that isnot available on the Internet."I personally have never seen all that much intellectual value in memorizing things,"Sparrow says,adding that we haven't lost our ability to do it.Still,other experts say it's too soon to understand how the Internet affects our brains.There is no experimental evidence showing that it interferes with our ability to focus,for instance,wrote psychologists Christopher Chabris and Daniel Simons.And surfing the web exercised the brain more than reading did among computer-save older adults in a2008study involving24participants at the Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at the University of California,Los Angeles.There maybe costs associated with our increased reliance on the Internet but I'd have to imagine that overall the benefits are going to outweigh those costs,observes psychology professor Benjamin Storm:'It seems pretty clear that memory is changing,but is it changing for the better? At this point,we don't know.31.Sparrow's study shows that with the Internet,the human brain will[A]analyze information in detail[B]collect information efficiently[C]switch its focus of memory[D]extend its memory duration32.The process of"cognitive offloading"[A]helps us identify false information[B]keeps our memory from failing[C]enables us to classify trivial facts[D]lessens our memory burdens33.Which of the following would Sparrow support about the Internet?[A]It may reform our way of learning[B]It may impact our society negatively[C]It may enhance our adaptability to technology[D]It may interfere with our conceptual thinking34.It is indicated in Para3that how the Internet affects our brains?[A]requires further academic research[B]is most studies in older adults[C]is reflected in our reading speed[D]depends on our web-surfing habits35.Neither Sparrow nor Storm would agree that[A]our reliance on the Internet will be costly[B]the Internet is weakening our memory[C]memory exercise is a must for our brain[D]our ability to focus decline with ageText4Teenagers are paradoxical.That's a mild and detached way of saying something that parents often express with considerably stronger language.But the paradox is scientific as well as personal.In adolescence,helpless and dependent children who have relied on grown-ups for just about everything become independent people who can take care of themselves and help each other.At the same time,once cheerful and compliant children become rebellious teenage risk-takers,often to the point of self-destruction.Accidental deaths go up dramatically in adolescence.A new study published in the journal Child Development,by Eveline Crone of the University of Leiden and colleagues,suggests that the positive and negative sides of teenagers go hand in hand. The study is part of a new wave of thinking about adolescence.For a long time,scientists and policymakers concentrated on the idea that teenagers were a problem that needed to be solved.The new work emphasizes that adolescence is a time of opportunity as well as risk.The researchers studied“prosocial”and rebellious traits in more than200children and young adults,ranging from11to28years old.The participants filled out questionnaires about how often they did things that were altruistic and positive,like sacrificing their own interests to help a friend, or rebellious and negative,like getting drunk or staying out late.Other studies have shown that rebellious behavior increases as you become a teenager and then fades away as you grow older.But the new study shows that,interestingly,the same pattern holds for prosocial behavior.Teenagers were more likely than younger children or adults to report that they did things like unselfishly help a friend.Most significantly,there was a positive correlation between prosociality and rebelliousness.The teenagers who were more rebellious were also more likely to help others.The good and bad sides of adolescence seem to develop together.Is there some common factor that underlies these apparently contradictory developments?One idea is that teenage behavior is related to what researchers call“reward sensitivity.”Decision-making always involves balancing rewards and risks,benefits and costs.“Reward sensitivity”measures how much reward it takes to outweigh risk.Teenagers are particularly sensitive to social rewards—winning the game,impressing a new friend,getting that boy to notice you.Reward sensitivity,like prosocial behavior and risk-taking, seems to go up in adolescence and then down again as we age.Somehow,when you hit30,the chance that something exciting and new will happen at that party just doesn’t seem to outweigh the effort of getting up off the couch.36.According to Paragraph1,children growing into adolescence tend to[A]develop opposite personality traits[B]see the world in an unreasonable way[C]have fond memories of the past[D]show attention for their parents37.It can be learned from Paragraph2that Crone's study[A]explores teenagers'social resposibilities[B]examines teenagers'emotional problems[C]provides a new insight into adolescence[D]highlight negative adolescent behaviour38.What does Crone's study find about prosocial behavior?[A]It results from the wish to cooperate[B]It is cultivated through education[C]It is subject to family influence[D]It tends to peak in adolescence39.It can be learned from the last two paragraphs that teenagers[A]overstress their influence on others[B]care a lot about social recognition[C]become anxious about their future[D]endeavor to live a joyful life40.What is the text mainly about?[A]why teenagers are self-contradictory[B]why teenagers are risk-sensitive[C]How teenagers develop prosociality[D]How teenagers become independentPart BDirections:Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the list A-G for each of the numbered paragraphs(41-45).There are two extra subheadings which you do not need to use.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points)Net-zero rules set to send cost of new homes and extensions soaringNew building regulations aimed at improving energy efficiency are set to increase the price of new homes,as well as those of extensions and loft conversions on existing ones.The rules,which came into effect on Wednesday in England,are part of government plans to reduce the UK’s carbon emissions to net zero by2050.They set new standards for ventilation, energy efficiency and heating,and state that new residential buildings must have charging points for electric vehicles.The moves are the most significant change to building regulations in years,and industry experts say they will inevitably lead to higher prices at a time when a shortage of materials and high labour costs is already driving up bills.Brian Berry,chief executive of the Federation of Master Builders,a trade group for small and medium-sized builders,says the measures will require new materials,testing methods,productsand systems to be installed.“All this comes at an increased cost during a time when prices are already sky high.Inevitably,consumers will have to pay more,”he says.Gareth Belsham,of surveyors Naismiths,says people who are upgrading,or extending their home,will be directly affected.“The biggest changes relate to heating and insulation,”he says.“There are new rules concerning the amount of glazing used in extensions,and any new windows or doors must be highly insulated.”Windows and doors will have to adhere to higher standards,while there are new limits on the amount of glazing you can have to reduce unwanted heat from the sun.Thomas Goodman,of MyJobQuote,a site which sources quotes,says this will bring in new restrictions for extensions.“Glazing on windows,doors and rooflights must cover no more than 25%of the floor area to prevent heat loss,”he says.As the rules came into effect last Wednesday,property developers were rushing to file plans just before the deadline.Any plans submitted before that date are considered to be under the previous rules,and can go ahead as long as work starts before15June next year.Builders which have costed projects,but have not filed the paperwork,may need to go back and submit fresh estimates,says Marcus Jefford of Build Aviator,which prices projects.As the changes are aimed to make homes more energy efficient,they will eventually drive down heating bills.But in the short-term homeowners are likely to face higher costs for work. Materials prices are already up25%in the last two years,according to figures from the Construction Products Association.How much overall prices will increase as a result of the rule changes is not clear.“While admirable in their intentions,they will add to the cost of housebuilding at a time when many already feel that they are priced out of homeownership,”says Rolande.“An average extension will probably see around£3,000additional cost thanks to the new regs.”John Kelly,a construction lawyer at Freeths law firm,believes prices will eventually come down.But not in the immediate future.“As the marketplace adapts to the new requirements,and the technologies that support them,the scaling up of these technologies will eventually bring costs down,but in the short term,we will all have to pay the price of the necessary transition,”he says. However,the long-term effects of the changes will be more comfortable and energy-efficient homes,adds Andrew Mellor.“Homeowners will probably recoup that cost over time in energy bill savings.It will obviously be very volatile at the moment,but they will have that benefit over time.”[A]The rise of home prices is a temporarymatter.41.Brian Berry[B]Builders possibly need to submit newestimates of their projects.42.Gareth Belsham[C]There will be specific limits on homeextensions to prevent heat loss43.Marcus Jefford[D]The new rules will take home price to aneven higher lever.44.John Kelly[E]Many people feel that home prices arealready beyond what they can afford45.Andrew Mellor[F]The new rules will affect people whosehome extensions include new windows ordoors.[G]The rule changes will benefit homeownerseventually.Section III Translation46.Directions:Translate following text into Chinese.Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.(15points) In the late18th century,William Wordsworth became famous for his poems about nature.And he was one of the founders of a movement called Romanticism,which celebrated the wonders of the natural world.Poetry is powerful.Its energy and rhythm can capture a reader,transport them to another world and make them see things differently.Through carefully selected words and phrases,poems can be dramatic,funny,beautiful,moving and inspiring.No one knows for sure when poetry began but it has been around for thousands of years,even before people could write.It was a way to tell stories and pass down history.It is closely related to song and even when written it is usually created to be performed out loud.Poems really cometo life when they are recited.This can also help with understanding them too,because the rhythm and sounds of the words become clearer.Section IV WritingPart A47.Directions:An art exhibition and a robot show are to beheld on Sunday,your friend David asks which one he should go to.Write him an email to1)make a suggestion,and2)give your reason(s)Write your answer in about100words on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not use your own name in your email,use Li Ming instead.(10points)Part B48.Directions:Write an essay based on the chart below.In your writing,you should1)describe and interpret the chart and2)give your comments.You should write at least150words.Write your essay on ANSWER SHEET(15points)2012-2021年我国居民健康素养水平*健康素养（health literacy）。
2024年考研英语二试题及答案：完形填空部分带答案
2024年考研英语二试题及答案：完形填空带答案业务课名称：英语考生须知：1.答案必须写在答题纸上，写在其他纸上无效。
2.答题时必须使用蓝、黑色墨水笔或圆珠笔做答，用其他答题不给分，不得使用涂改液。
Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read fhe jollowing fexr. Choose the best word (s) for eachnumbered blank and mark A B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10points)You social life is defined as the activities you do with other peoplefor pleasure,when you are not working ,It's important to have a sociallife,but what's right for one person won't be right for another.Some of usfeel energised by spending lots of time with others, 1 ,some of usmay feel drained,even if it's doing something we enjoy.This is why finding a 2in your social life is key.Spending toomuch time on your own,not 3 others,can make you feel lonely and 4Loneliness is known to impart onyour mental health and 5 a lowmood.Anyone can feel lonely at any time.This might be especially true if,6 ,you are working from home and you are 7 on the usual sociaconversations that happen in an office.Other life changes can 8 periodsof loneliness too,such as retirement changing jobs or becoming a parent.It's important to recognise these feelings of loneliness .There are waysto9 a social life,but it can feel overwhelming l0 It's a great ideal tostart by thinking about hobbies you enjoy.You can them find groups andactivities related tothose where you will be able to meet 11 people.There are groups almed at new parents.at those who want to 12 a new sport for the first time,or networking events for those in the sameprofession to meet upand 13ideas.On the other hand, it's 14 possible to have too much of a sociallife. lf you fecl like you're always doing something and there is never any15 in your calendar for downtime, you could suffer social burnout orsocial16. We all have our own social limit and it's important torecongnise when you're feeling like it's all too much. Low mood, lowenergy, irritability and trouble sleeping could all be 17 of poorsocialhealth. Make sure you 18 some time in your diary when you're19for socialising and use this time to relax,20and recover.答案1-5题CBADA答案6-10题CABDA答案11-14题DABC。
国际公法期末试题及答案一、二
国际公法试题及答案一一、填空题1.国际法的主要渊源有▁▁和▁▁。
2.国际法的制定者是▁▁，没有统一的▁▁来制定、颁布法律和法令。
3.和平共处五项原则是指：▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁4. ▁▁是国际法的基本主体。
▁▁是现代国际法主体的观点，已为国际法学界普遍接受，而▁▁的国际法主体资格，实际上已得到国际上的普遍承认。
但是▁▁、▁▁都不能作为国际法的主体。
5.国际法上的国家，具有区别于其他非国家实体的四个条件：▁▁、▁▁、▁▁和主权。
6.国家的类型包括单一国和▁▁、独立国和▁▁，此外还有▁▁。
7.国家的基本权利可以概括为以下四项：独立权、▁▁、▁▁和▁▁。
8.国家行为和国家财产享有▁▁。
9.国际法上的承认，主要有对▁▁的承认和对▁▁的承认两种。
10.国际法上的继承包括▁▁、▁▁和国际组织的继承。
11.国家责任的主体主要是▁▁。
▁▁和▁▁是引起国家责任的原因，国家责任是一种▁▁。
国家责任的形式主要有以下几种：▁▁、▁▁、▁▁、▁▁。
12.国家领土包括▁▁、▁▁、▁▁及底土。
领土主权包括三方面的内容；、▁▁及▁▁。
13.根据《联合国海洋法公约》，沿海国可以要求从测算其领海宽度的基线量起不超过▁▁海里的领海和不超过▁▁的毗连区。
14.根据《联合国海洋法公约》，公海自由包括▁▁、▁▁、▁▁铺设海底电缆和管道的自由、建造国际法所准许的人工岛和其他设施的自由、▁▁、▁▁。
15.国籍的取得主要有两种方式，一种是因▁▁而取得，另一种是因▁▁而取得。
国籍的丧失可为▁▁和▁▁两种。
16.根据国际实践，各国对外国人待遇，常见的有以下原则：▁▁、▁▁、差别待遇原则和▁▁。
17.在国际法上，国家▁▁引渡罪犯的义务。
因而，引渡是根据▁▁进行的。
庇护是国家的▁▁行为。
引伸于国家的▁▁。
18.国内的外交机关有：▁▁、▁▁、外交部门。
一国派驻国外的外交机关有常设的机关和▁▁。
根据《维也纳外交关系公约》，使馆馆长分为▁▁、▁▁、▁▁三级。
机械设计基础试题二及答案
机械设计基础试题二及答案一、填空题：（每空1分，共30分）1、力偶矩的、和称为力偶的三要素。
2、两构件相互作用时，它们之间的作用与反作用力必然、、，但分别作用于两个构件上。
3、机器或机构各部分之间应具有运动。
4、一平面铰链四杆机构的各杆长度分别为a=350mm,b=600mm,c=200mm,d=700mm；(1) 当取 c 杆为机架时，它为机构；（2）当取d杆为机架时，则为。
5、渐开线标准直齿圆柱齿轮传动，正确啮合条件是。
6、分度圆上的压力角等于，摸数取的是值，齿厚和齿槽宽的齿轮，称为标准齿轮。
7、槽轮机构能把主动轴的等速连续，转换成从动轴的周期性的运动。
8、槽轮机构、，在进入和脱离啮合时。
但在运动过程中的加速度变化较大，冲击较严重，因而不适用于。
9、在材料、热处理及几何参数均相同的直齿圆柱、斜齿圆柱和直齿圆锥三种齿轮传动中，承载能力最高的是传动，承载能力最低的是传动。
10、齿轮传动的润滑方式主要根据齿轮的选择。
闭式齿轮传动采用油浴润滑时的油量根据确定。
11、带传动的失效形式有和。
12、传动带中的的工作应力包括、和。
13、根据轮系中各个齿轮的几何轴线的位置是否变动，轮系可分为三类：、和混合轮系。
二、选择题：（每题1分，共12分）1、如果力R是F1、F2二力的合力,用矢量方程表示为R=F1+F2,则三力大小之间的关系为( )。
A.必有R=F1+F2;B.不可能有R=F1+F2;C.必有R>F1,R>F2; D可能有R<F1,R<F2。
2、刚体受三力作用而处于平衡状态,则此三力的作用线( )。
A. 必汇交于一点;B. 必互相平行;C. 必都为零;D. 必位于同一平面内。
3、等截面直杆在两个外力的作用下发生轴向压缩变形时，这对外力所具备的特点一定是等值、( )。
A. 反向、共线；B. 反向，过截面形心；C. 方向相对，作用线与杆轴线重合；D方向相对，沿同一直线作用。
4、轴向拉伸杆，正应力最大的截面和剪应力最大的截面( )A. 分别是横截面、450斜截面；B. 都是横截面;C. 分别是450斜截面、横截面;D. 都是450斜截面。
生理学试题答案及解析(二)
1.★基础代谢率与下列哪项具有比例关系A.体重B.身高C.体表面积D.环境温度E.心率本题正确答案：C题解：单位时间内的基础代谢称为基础代谢率。
基础代谢率一般比安静时的机体代谢率低，但并非最低，因为熟睡时更低。
基础代谢率的高低与体重不成比例关系，而与体表面积基本成正比。
基础代谢率以每小时、每平方米体表面积的产热量为单位，记以kJ/（m2）。
2.★★★关于体温生理变动的叙述，错误的是A.女性基础体温低于男性B.老年人体温略低C.女性体温随月经周期而变动D.运动时体温升高E.体温呈昼夜周期性波动本题正确答案：A题解：在生理情况下，人的体温随昼夜、性别、肌肉活动和精神因素等变化而有所波动。
在一昼夜之中，清晨2～6时体温最低，下午1～6时体温最高，波动幅度一般不超过1℃。
女性体温平均比男性略高（约高0.3℃），女性基础体温还随月经周期发生规律性变化。
月经期和排卵前期体温较低，排卵日体温降至最低，排卵后期体温回到较高水平。
幼儿体温略高于成人，老年人又略低于成人。
肌肉活动时，骨骼肌的产热量增加，体温可轻度升高。
3.★正常情况下胃黏膜不被胃液消化的原因是由于A.胃液中不含有可消化胃黏膜的酶B.粘液-碳酸氢盐屏障的作用C.胃液中的内因子对胃黏膜具有保护作用D.胃液中的糖蛋白可中和胃酸E.胃液中含有大量HCO3-可中和胃酸本题正确答案：B题解：黏液和HCO3-构成黏液－碳酸氢盐屏障，在保护胃黏膜方面起着极为重要的作用：①阻挡H+的逆向弥散和侵蚀作用；②粘液深层的中性pH环境使胃蛋白酶丧失活性，防止胃蛋白酶对胃黏膜的自身消化。
4.★副交感神经兴奋可使A.胃肠平滑肌收缩增强B.胆道奥迪（oddi）括约肌收缩增强C.回盲括约肌收缩增强D.肛门内括约肌收缩增强E.肛门外括约肌收缩减弱本题正确答案：A题解：副交感神经兴奋时，其末梢主要释放乙酰胆碱与效应器上的相应受体（M受体）结合后，能促进胃肠运动，蠕动加强、加快，括约肌舒张，加快胃肠内容物的推进速度；能使消化腺的分泌增加，如引起唾液、胃液、胰液和胆汁的分泌；还可使胆囊收缩，奥迪括约肌舒张。
国开+法律专题(本)形考二试题及答案
国开+法律专题(本)形考二试题及答案丁公司员工方某驾车接送客人时，为躲避一辆逆行摩托车，将行人赵某撞伤。
关于对赵某的损害应承担侵权责任的主体，下列选项正确的是：选择一项：A.方某B.摩托车主和丁公司C.丁公司D.摩托车主正确答案是：摩托车主某机关法定代表人甲安排驾驶员乙开车执行公务，乙以身体不适为由拒绝。
甲遂临时安排丙出车，丙在途中将行人丁撞成重伤。
有关部门认定丙和丁对事故的发生承担同等责任。
关于丁人身损害赔偿责任的承担，下列哪些表述是错误的？A.乙不服从领导安排应当承担部分赔偿责任B.丙有过错应当承担部分赔偿责任C.甲用人不当应当承担部分赔偿责任D.该机关应当承担全部赔偿责任正确答案是：甲用人不当应当承担部分赔偿责任, 乙不服从领导安排应当承担部分赔偿责任, 丙有过错应当承担部分赔偿责任, 该机关应当承担全部赔偿责任甲在自己家院外空地上擅自占地造了一个简易房以堆放杂物，邻居乙过年放烟花，火花窜入该简易房，点燃了里面的杂物引起大火，火势蔓延，烧毁了邻居丙家的花架。
关于本案，下列说法中正确的是选择一项：A.丙的损害应由甲乙承担连带责任甲和丙的损害均应由乙赔偿C.因甲违章占地搭建，简易房及杂物的损害应由其自己承担D.甲的损害由乙赔偿，丙的损害由甲赔偿正确答案是：甲和丙的损害均应由乙赔偿赵某系全国知名演员，张某经多次整容后外形酷似赵某，此后多次参加营利性模仿秀表演，承接并拍摄了一些商业广告。
下列哪一选项是正确的？选择一项：A.张某整容后参加营利性模仿秀表演侵害了赵某的肖像权B.张某的行为不构成对赵某人格权的侵害C.张某故意整容成赵某外形的行为侵害了赵某的肖像权D.张某整容后承接并拍摄商业广告的行为侵害了赵某的名誉权正确答案是：张某的行为不构成对赵某人格权的侵害张某毕业要去外地工作，将自己贴身生活用品、私密照片及平板电脑等装箱交给甲快递公司运送。
张某在箱外贴了“私人物品，严禁打开”的字条。
张某到外地收到快递后察觉有异，经查实，甲公司工作人员李某曾翻看箱内物品，并损坏了平板电脑。
知识题库-人社练兵比武竞赛测试题及答案(二)
知识题库-人社练兵比武竞赛测试题及答案（二）一、单选题（每题1分）1．《就业促进法》规定，县级以上人民政府通过发展经济和调整产业结构、规范人力资源市场、完善就业服务、加强职业教育和培训、提供( )等措施，创造就业条件，扩大就业。
A．创业服务B．就业援助C．职业指导D．政策支持答案：B解析：《就业促进法》第五条规定，县级以上人民政府通过发展经济和调整产业结构、规范人力资源市场、完善就业服务、加强职业教育和培训、提供就业援助等措施，创造就业条件，扩大就业。
2．《就业促进法》规定，劳动者依法享有( )和( )的权利。
A．平等就业、自主择业B．公平就业、自由择业C．充分就业、自主择业D．平等就业、按需择业答案：A解析：就业促进法第三条规定，劳动者依法享有平等就业和自主择业的权利。
3．下列选项中，( )不属于就业促进法中规定的对劳动者就业的歧视。
A．性别B．从业经历C．民族D．种族答案：B解析：就业促进法第三条规定，劳动者就业，不因民族、种族、性别、宗教信仰等不同而受歧视。
4．( )以上人民政府把扩大就业作为经济和社会发展的重要目标，纳入国民经济和社会发展规划，并制定促进就业的中长期规划和年度工作计划。
A．省级B．地市级C．县级D．乡镇级答案：C解析：就业促进法第四条规定，县级以上人民政府把扩大就业作为经济和社会发展的重要目标，纳入国民经济和社会发展规划，并制定促进就业的中长期规划和年度工作计划。
5．《国务院关于机关事业单位工作人员养老保险制度改革的决定》规定，机关事业单位工作人员养老保险制度改革从( )起实施。
A．2013年10月1日B．2014年10月1日C．2015年1月1日D．2015年10月1日答案：B解析：《国务院关于机关事业单位工作人员养老保险制度改革的决定》中第十二条规定，本决定自2014年10月1日起实施。
6．《国务院关于机关事业单位工作人员养老保险制度改革的决定》规定，机关事业单位实行社会统筹与( )相结合的基本养老保险制度。
2024年考研英语二试题及答案：41-45试题及答案
2024年考研英语二试题及答案：41-45试题及答案业务课名称：英语考生须知：1.答案必须写在答题纸上，写在其他纸上无效。
2.答题时必须使用蓝、黑色墨水笔或圆珠笔做答，用其他答题不给分，不得使用涂改液。
Part BDirections: Read the following text and match each of the numbereditems in the left column to its corresponding information in the righicolumn. There are two extra choices in the right column. Mark youranswers on the ANSWER SHEET (10 points)High school students eager to stand out in the college applicationprocess often participate in a litany of extracurricular activities hoping tobolster their chances of admission to a selective undergraduate institution.However, college admissionsexperts say that the quality of a collegehopeful's extracurricular activitiesmatters more than the number ofactivities he or she participates in.Sue Rexfor, the director of college guidance at the Charles E. Smith Jewish Day School, says it is not necessary for a student filling out theCommon Application to list 10 activities in the application"No college will expect that a student has a huge laundry list ofextracurriculars that they have been passionately involved in each for anextended period of timc" Rexford wrote in an email.Experts say it is tougher to distinguish oneself in a school-affiliatedcxtracurricular activity that is common among high school students than itis to stand out while doing an uncommon activity."The competition to stand out and make an impact is going to bemuch stiffer, and so if they 're going to do a popular activity, I'd say, be thebest at it" says Sara Harberson, a college admissions consultant.High school students who have an impressive personal project theyare working onindependently often impress colleges, experts say."For example, a student with an interest in entrepreneurship coulddemonstrate skill and potential by starting a profitable small business,'Olivia Valdes, the founder of Zen Admissions consulting firm, wrote in anemail.Joseph Adegboyega-Edun, a Maryland high school guidancecounselor, says unconventional extracurricular activities can help studentsimpress college admissions offices, assuming they demonstrated seriouscommitnent. "Again , since one of the big questions high school seniorsmust consider is What makes you unique?, having an uncommon extracurricular activity vs. a conventional one is an advantage," he wrote inan email.Experts say demonstrating talent in at least one extracurricular activitycan help in the college admissions process, especially at top-tierundcrgraduatc Institutions Distinguishing yourself in one focused type of extracurricularactivity can be a positive in the admissions process, especially for highlyselective institutions,where having top grades and test scores is notenough," Katie Kelley, admissions counselorat lvyWise admissionsconsultancy,wrote in an email." Students need to have that quality or hookthat will appeal to admissions officers and allow them to visualize how thestudent might come and enrich their campus community.?Extracurricular activities related to the college major declared on acollege application are beneficial, experts suggest. "lf you already knowyour major,baving an extracurricular that fits into that major can be a bigplus."says Mayghin Levine,the manager of educational opportunitieswith The Cabbage PatchSettlement House, a Louisville, Kentucky, nonprofit communitycenterHigh school students who have had a strong positive influence ontheir community through an extracurricular activity may impress a collegcand win a scholarshipsays Erica Gwyn, a former math and science magnet program assistant at a public high school who is now executive director ofthe Kaleidoscope Careers Academy in Atlanta, a nonprofit organization.assistant at a public high school who is noW cxcculiye director oftheKaleidoscope Careers Academy in Atlanta, a nonprofitorganization.英语二翻译With the smell of coffee and fresh bread floating in the air, Stalls bursting with colorful vegetables and tempting cheeses, and the buzz of friendly chats, farmers’markets are a feast for the senses. They also provide an opportunity to talk to the people responsible for growing or raising your food, support your local economy andpick up fresh seasonal produce—all at the same time.Farmers’markets are usually weekly or monthly events, most often with outdoor stalls, whichallow farmers or producers to sell their food directly to customers. The size or regularity of markets can vary from season to season, depending on the area's agricultural calendar, and you’re likely to find different produce on sale at different times of the year. By cutting out the middlemen, the farmers secure more profit for their produce. Shoppers also benefit from seeing exactly where-and to who- their money is going.空气中弥漫着咖啡和新鲜面包的味道，摊位上挤满了五颜六色的蔬菜和诱人的奶酪，以及友好聊天的嗡嗡声，农贸市场是感官的盛宴（3分）。
高数B(上)试题及答案2
高等数学B （上）试题2答案一、判断题（每题2分，共16分）（在括号里填写“√”或“×”分别表示“对”或“错”） （ × ）1. 两个无穷大量之和必定是无穷大量. （ × ）2. 闭区间上的间断函数必无界.（ √ ）3. 若)(x f 在某点处连续，则)(x f 在该点处必有极限. （ × ）4. 单调函数的导函数也是单调函数.（ √ ）5. 无穷小量与有界变量之积为无穷小量.（ × ）6. ()y f x =在点0x 连续，则()y f x =在点0x 必定可导. （ × ）7. 若0x 点为()y f x =的极值点，则必有0()0f x '=. （ × ）8. 若()()f x g x ''≡，则()()f x g x ≡.二、填空题（每题3分，共24分） 1. 设2)1(x x f =-，则(3)f =16. 2．1lim sinx x x→∞＝1。
3.112lim sin sin xx x x x x x x →∞⎡⎤+⎛⎫++=⎢⎥ ⎪⎝⎭⎢⎥⎣⎦21e +.4. 曲线326y y x -=在(2,2)-点切线的斜率为23.5．设0()f x A '=，则000(2)(3)limh f x h f x h h→+--＝5A.6. 设1()sin cos,(0)f x x x x=≠，当(0)f =0时，)(x f 在0=x 点连续.7. 函数33y x x =-在x =1-处有极大值.8. 设)(x f 为可导函数,(1)1f '=，21()()F x f f x x ⎛⎫=+ ⎪⎝⎭，则=')1(F 1.三、计算题（每题6分，共42分）1．求极限 3(2)(3)(4)lim5n n n n n →+∞+++ .解： 3(2)(3)(4)lim 5n n n n n →+∞+++234lim 111n n n n →+∞⎛⎫⎛⎫⎛⎫=+++ ⎪⎪⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭⎝⎭（3分）1= （3分）2. 求极限 0cos lim sin x x x xx x →--.解：0cos lim sin x x x xx x→--01cos sin lim 1cos x x x x x →-+=- （2分） 02sin cos lim sin x x x x x→+= （2分） 3= （2分）3. 求23(1)(2)(3)y x x x =+++在(0,)+∞内的导数.解：ln ln(1)2ln(2)3ln(3)y x x x =+++++， （2分）123123y y x x x '=+++++， （2分） 故23123(1)(2)(3)123y x x x x x x ⎛⎫'=+++++ ⎪+++⎝⎭（2分） 4. 求不定积分221d 1x x x ++⎰.解：221d 1x x x ++⎰22211d(1)d 11x x x x =++++⎰⎰ （3分） 2ln(1)arctan x x C =+++ （3分）5. 求不定积分2sin d x x x ⎰.解：2sin d x x x ⎰()221sin d 2x x =⎰ （3分） 21cos 2x C =-+ （3分）6．求不定积分sin 2d x x x ⎰. 解：sin 2d x x x ⎰11sin 2d(2)dcos222x x x x x ==-⎰⎰ （2分） ()1cos 2cos2d 2x x x x =--⎰ （2分）11cos 2sin 224x x x C =-++ （2分）7. 求函数()cos sin xy x =的导数.解：ln cos lnsin y x x = （3分）()()cos 12sin cotln sin x y x x x +'=- （3分）四、解答题（共9分）某车间靠墙壁要盖一间长方形小屋,现有存砖只够砌20米长的墙壁,问应围成的长方形的长,宽各为多少才能使这间小屋面积最大.解：设垂直于墙壁的边为x ，所以平行于墙壁的边为202x -，所以，面积为2(202)220S x x x x =-=-+， （3分）由4200S x '=-+=，知 （3分） 当宽5x =时，长20210y x =-=， （3分） 面积最大51050S =⨯=（平方米）。
《护理学导论》试题库及答案（二）
《护理学导论》试题库及答案（⼆）护理学导论试卷(课程代码03201)本试卷共4页，满分100分，考试时间150分钟。
考⽣答题注意事项：1．本卷所有试题必须在答题卡上作答。
答在试卷上⽆效，试卷空⽩处和背⾯均可作草稿纸。
2．第⼀部分为选择题。
必须对应试卷上的题号使⽤2B铅笔将“答题卡”的相应代码涂⿊。
3．第⼆部分为⾮选择题。
必须注明⼤、⼩题号，使⽤0.5毫⽶⿊⾊字迹签字笔作答。
4．合理安排答题空间。
超出答题区域⽆效。
第⼀部分选择题⼀、单项选择题：本⼤题共20⼩题。
每⼩题1分，共20分。
在每⼩题列出的备选项中只有⼀项是最符合题⽬要求的，请将其选出。
1．护理⼈员按照医师处⽅对服务对象实施的护理，属于DA．独⽴性护理功能 B．合作性护理功能C．指导性护理功能 D．依赖性护理功能2．在初级卫⽣保健原则中最难贯彻的原则是CA．持续性 B．可近性C.⾃我决策性 D．⽂化感受性3．某患者为舞蹈演员，突遇车祸，双腿须截肢，出现⼤吵⼤闹、不配合治疗等反应，此种情绪属于CA．病⼈⾓⾊⾏为异常 B．病⼈⾓⾊⾏为强化C．病⼈⾓⾊⾏为冲突 D．病⼈⾓⾊⾏为缺如4．下列关于压⼒的说法正确的是BA．⽇常⽣活中的压⼒都会损害⼈的⾝体健康B．压⼒包括刺激、认知评价及反应三个环节C．压⼒与多种疾病都有关系，我们应积极避免⼀切压⼒D．压⼒是环境刺激的直接结果5．根据马斯洛的⼈类基本需要理论，最⾼层次的需要是CA．尊重的需要 B．安全的需要C．⾃我实现的需要 D．爱与归属的需要6．艾瑞克森在1950年提出的解释⽣命发展过程的著名理论是BA．性⼼理发展学说 B．⼼理社会发展理论C．道德发展理论 D．智⼒发展学说7．个体对他⼈的⼼理状态、⾏为动机和意向做出推测与判断的过程，称为AA．社会认知 B．社会推断C．社会评价 D．⼈际判断8．⼈际关系双⽅相互赞同与接纳，获得⼼理上的愉快及满⾜感，此种吸引称为BA．相近吸引 B．相悦吸引C．相容吸引 D．相补吸引9．下列属于共同参与型护患关系模式特点的是BA．适⽤于急性疾病患者 B．护患双⽅⼼理⽅位为等位关系C．此模式临床中最常见 D．护⼠占主导地位10．从个别或特殊的知识中概括出⼀般知识的思维⽅法是BA．观察 B．归纳 C．演绎 D．综合11．健康系统层属于⽇出模式的CA．I级 B．Ⅱ级 C．Ⅲ级 D．Ⅳ级12.影响健康的主要因素是AA．⽣物因素 B．⼼理因素C．物理因素 D．社会因素13．⼫僵开始出现的时间为⼈死后的AA．1～3⼩时 B．3～6⼩时C．12～16⼩时 D．24～36⼩时14．护理⼈员在护理专业信念的指导下，以维护服务对象利益为基础进⾏专业决策，并为此承担相应的责任，属于评判性思维的CA．基础层次 B．复杂层次C．尽职层次 D．认知层次15．下列关于护理⽬标的陈述，正确的是DA．⼀个预期⽬标可针对多个护理诊断B．⽬标的主语应该是护理⼈员C．⽬标应陈述清楚所进⾏的护理活动D.⽬标是期望护理活动后护理对象能够达到的健康状态16．法律意义上的护⼠应CA．具有中专或中专以上⽂凭 B．受聘于某个医疗机构C．通过护⼠执业资格考试并经过注册 D．具有⼀定的医学知识17．专题讲座法是⼀种传统的健康教育⽅法，其优点是CA．能根据每个⼈不同特点进⾏有针对性的教育B．帮助学习者表达内⼼世界及⾏为C．能在有限时问内将知识传授给许多⼈D．适⽤于教授某种技术或技巧18．罗伊(Roy)适应理论出现于CA．20世纪30年代 B．20世纪40年代C.20世纪70年代 D．20世纪80年代19．个体逐步以理智⾯对丧失，组织悼念活动，内⼼恢复平静，属于悲哀过程的CA．震惊阶段 B．逐步认知阶段C.修复重建阶段 D．抑郁接受阶段20．抢救病历必须据实补记的时限是抢救结束后AA．6⼩时之内 B．12⼩时之内C．24⼩时之内 D．36⼩时之内⼆、多项选择题：本⼤题共5⼩题，每⼩题2分，共l0分。
非高危安全员试题(二)试题及答案
非高危安全员试题（二）试题及答案一、非高危安全员单选1、安全生产改革创新坚持两个导向，即目标导向和（）。
[单选题] *A、经济导向B、问题导向(正确答案)C、社会导向2、安全措施、安全信号、安全标志、安全用具、个人防护用品缺乏或有缺陷，是（）造成的。
[单选题] *A、管理缺陷(正确答案)B、物的不安全状态C、人的不安全行为3、安全培训的两个核心任务是落实（）制度。
[单选题] *A、领导重视和资金保障B、持证上岗和先培训后上岗(正确答案)C、企业负责和政府监督4、安全生产标准化企业证书和牌匾有效期为（）年。
期满前3个月，企业可按相关规定申请延期，换发证书、牌匾。
[单选题] *A、3(正确答案)B、4C、55、安全生产的教育和培训应当记入从业人员安全生产记录卡，记录卡应当由生产经营单位负责考核的人员和（）本人签名。
[单选题] *A、安全生产管理人员B、主要负责人C、从业人员(正确答案)6、事故隐患是指在生产经营活动中（）物的不安全状态、人的不安全行为和管理上的缺陷。
[单选题] *A、经过评估B、存在C、存在可导致事故发生(正确答案)7、按《工伤保险条例》规定，（）视同工伤。
[单选题] *A、自残或自杀的B、在抢险救灾等维护国家利益、公共利益活动中受到伤害的(正确答案)C、在国家规定的节假日受到伤害的8、严格班组现场安全管理，提高员工的（）能力。
[单选题] *A、业务保安B、隐患排查治理(正确答案)C、应急处置的能力9、现代安全生产管理的原理有（）、人本原理、预防原理、强制原理。
[单选题] *A、监督原理B、教育原理C、系统原理(正确答案)10、班组长是班组安全第一责任人，应贯彻执行有关安全生产的各项规章制度，对本辖区职工劳动环境及（）负责。
[单选题] *A．安全健康(正确答案)B、生产任务C、企业领导11、按可能造成事故的严重后果和治理难度，生产安全事故隐患分为（）。
[单选题] *A、一般隐患和较大隐患B、一般隐患和重大隐患(正确答案)C、较大隐患和重大隐患12、按照相关规定，将重大危险源向（）和相关部门备案 [单选题] *A、安全监管(正确答案)B、公安C、主管13、班组安全生产确认制度，要求对人对物对环境对（）确认。
二年级数学试题及答案
二年级数学试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 下列哪个数字是偶数？A. 3B. 5C. 7D. 8答案：D2. 一个苹果加上两个苹果一共有几个苹果？A. 2B. 3C. 4D. 5答案：C3. 10减去5等于多少？A. 3B. 4C. 5D. 6答案：C4. 一个班级有20个学生，如果每个学生都带一个书包，那么一共需要多少个书包？A. 10B. 15C. 20D. 25答案：C5. 一个长方形的长是4厘米，宽是2厘米，它的周长是多少厘米？A. 6B. 8C. 10D. 12答案：C6. 一个数的三倍是12，这个数是多少？A. 3B. 4C. 5D. 6答案：B7. 一个数加上4等于9，这个数是多少？A. 1B. 3C. 5D. 7答案：B8. 一个数减去2等于3，这个数是多少？A. 1B. 4C. 5D. 6答案：C9. 一个数乘以5等于20，这个数是多少？A. 3B. 4C. 5D. 6答案：B10. 一个数除以2等于4，这个数是多少？A. 6B. 7C. 8D. 9答案：C二、填空题（每题3分，共30分）1. 一个数的一半是5，这个数是______。
答案：102. 两个相同的数相加等于8，这个数是______。
答案：43. 一个数的三倍是15，这个数是______。
答案：54. 一个数加上6等于12，这个数是______。
答案：65. 一个数减去3等于7，这个数是______。
答案：106. 一个数乘以4等于16，这个数是______。
7. 一个数除以2等于5，这个数是______。
答案：108. 一个数乘以3等于9，这个数是______。
答案：39. 一个数加上8等于16，这个数是______。
答案：810. 一个数除以4等于3，这个数是______。
答案：12三、计算题（每题5分，共30分）1. 计算下列算式：7 + 5 - 2答案：102. 计算下列算式：9 - 4 + 6答案：113. 计算下列算式：8 × 2 ÷ 4答案：44. 计算下列算式：12 ÷ 3 × 2答案：85. 计算下列算式：15 - 7 + 3答案：116. 计算下列算式：6 × 3 ÷ 2四、应用题（每题10分，共20分）1. 小明有10个苹果，他给了小华5个，小明还剩下多少个苹果？答案：小明有10个苹果，给了小华5个，所以小明还剩下 10 - 5 = 5个苹果。
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2012年自考试题及答案_管理信息系统_模拟试题及答案（二）（考试时间150分钟）第一部分选择题一、单项选择题（本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分）在每小题列出的四个选项中只有一个选项是符合题目要求的，请将正确选项前的字母填在题后的括号内。
1.在管理信息中，执行层信息的特性包括（）A.大部分来源于企业内部B.使用频率较低C.保密要求较高D.使用时间较长2.下列属于系统主要特征的是（）A.目的性B.相关性C.边界性D.以上均正确3.管理信息系统阶段为20世纪（）A.50年代中期至60年代中期B.60年代中期至70年代初期C.70年代初期至90年代D.90年代至今4.最传统和古老的组织结构形式是（）A.事业部制B.职能式C.直线式D.矩阵制5.下列属于逻辑运算的是（）B.减A.加C.乘D.比较6.关于DBMS的功能下列说法错误的是（）A.合理组织大量数据以避免冗余B.支持多用户对数据的共享C.保证数据的安全D.保证用户对数据存取的合法性7. 802.3规范是IEEE802标准体系之一，它规定用无源的_______来作为总线来传送数据帧。
（）A.双绞线B.电缆D.微波8.下列IP地址正确的是（）A. 19.2.1.300B.192. 22.a.15C. 202.112.0.xD.202. 112. 111. 1909.关于关系数据模型说法错误的是（）A.建立在逻辑概念的基础上B.存取路径对用户透明C.数据独立性好D.查询效率较低10. Access数据表以行和列的格式组织存储数据，在表中，每一行为一个（）A.字段B.属性C.记录D.单元11. Access视图中，用于查看报表的页面数据输出形态的是（）A.“视计”视图B.“打印预览”视图C.“版面预览”视图D.“定义”视图12.生命周期法中，系统设计阶段的主要工作内容是（）A.系统的逻辑设计B.系统的物理设计C.编写程序D.系统调试13. ERP是指（）A.物料需求计划B.制造资源计划C.企业资源计划D.供应链管理14.下列不属于数据流程图的基本元素的是（）A.数据结构B.数据存储C.数据流D.外部实体15.在系统设计中，物理模块是逻辑模块的（）B.综合C.具体化D.集合16.数据模型的规范化可提高数据的（）A.一致性B.完整性C.可修改性D.以上均对17. -般情况下，服务器上需安装的系统不包括（）A.网络操作系统B.网络管理系统C.防病毒系统D.数据库应用系统18.系统维护的主要内容有（）A.硬件B.软件C.文件、业务代码D.以上均对19.强凋持续改进的质量管理阶段所处的时期为（）A.18世纪-1950年B.1950-1987年C.1987年-现在D.1957-1980年20.数据库人员不包括（）A.系统分析员B.系统程序员C. ODBD.应用程序员第二部分非选择题二、填空题（本大题共15小题，每空1分，共20分）21.企业包括多种多样的流动，常用的“流”有：物流、资金流、事务流以及______等。
22.综合数据处理阶段的数据处理方式主要是____。
23.构成信息系统的要素有组织与变革、______、技术、世界范围的商业竞争环境。
24. MRPⅡ与MRP的本质区别在于它包含了______的能力。
25.由计算机、通信设备和通信线路等组成了______。
26.调制解调器的主要功能是______信号的转换。
27. Access是一种______数据库管理系统。
28.（m ：n）关系转化为关系数据模型时，已知实体A的关键字为A1，B的关键字是B1，则形成的多对多关系的关键是______。
29.信息系统的开发过程一般包括系统规划、______、系统设计、系统实施、______五个步骤。
30.测试工具涉及测试的全过程，包括______、测试程序和数据的生成、______及结果评价等等。
31.系统详细调查中，有一点必须要强调，即______原则。
32.数据字典中主要有六类条目：数据元素、数据结构、数据流、______ 、外部实体和______。
33.代码的校验位的产生方式主要是______。
34.集中式系统是集设备、软件和______于一体的工作模式，主要包括单机结构和______结构。
35.风险管理具体可以分为风险识别、______、风险规划和______四个步骤。
三、名词解释（本大题共5小题，每小题3分，共15分）36.管理37.信息技术38.模块结构图39. CASF法40.工作站四、简答题（本大题共5小题，每小题5分，共25分）41.信息具有哪些特性？42. Access中包括哪几种查询方式？各有什么特点？43.简述面向对象法的优点。
44.简述系统设计应遵循的原则。
45.输入设计应遵循哪些原则？输人数据的校验方法有哪些？五、应用题（本大题共2小题，每小题10分，共20分）46.某校校长与学校间存在关系的E-R图如下，试将其转换为关系模式。
47.请画出某学院购置设备的数据流程图：由需购置设备的部门填空申请表格，将此表格送交设备科，设备科填写预算表格送财务处，财务处核对后，将资金返回设备科，设备科利用资金购买设备，购得设备送需购设备的部门，将收据送财务处。
参考答案一、1.A 2.D 3.C 4.C 5.D 6.A 7.B 8.D 9.A 10. C 11. B 12. B 13. C 14. A 15. C 16. D 17. D 18.D 19. C20. C二、21.信息流22.联机实时处理23.管理24.财务管理和模拟25.计算机网络系统26.数模/模数27.关系型28. （A1，B1）29.系统分析系统运行与维护30.测试执行测试用例的选择31.用户参与32.数据存储加工处理33.模数加权法34.数据主机35.风险分析风险监控三、36.管理者或管理机构，在一定范围内，通过计划、组织、控制、领导等工作，对组织所拥有的资源（包括人、财、物、时间、信息等）进行合理配置和有效使用，以实现组织预定目标的过程。
37.信息技术是指以现代计算机及通信技术为代表的，对信息的产生、收集、处理、加工、传递和使用等环节提供支持的技术总称。
38.模块结构图又称结构图、系统结构图，它用一种特殊的图形符号按照一定的规则描述系统整体结构。
模块结构图是结构化系统设计的一个主要工具，它可以描述的问题包括：模块化分解后的系统结构层次、模块间组成层次的调用关系、模块间传递的数据信息及控制信息等。
模块结构图由模块、调用、数据信息、控制信息和转接等基本符号组成。
39.计算机辅助软件工程方法（CASE）是一种自动化或半自动化的方法，能够较全面她支持除系统调查外的每一个开发步骤。
它是20世纪80年代末从计算机辅助编程工具、第四代语言（4GL）及绘图工具发展而来的一个大型综合计算机辅助软件工程开发环境，为具体的开发方法提供了支持开发过程的专门工具。
40.工作站是连入网络的、具有独立运行功能并且接受网络服务器控制和管理的、共享网络资源的计算机。
它可以通过网卡、传输介质和互联设备连接到网络服务器上访问数据资源。
四、41.信息具有哪些特性？（1）真伪性。
信息有真伪之分，客观反映现实世界事物的程度是信息的准确性。
（2）层次性。
信息是分等级的。
信息和管理层一样，一般分为战略层、策略层和执行层三个层次。
（3）可传输性。
信息的可传输性是指信息可以通过各种局域网络、互联网等媒介快速传输和扩展的特性。
（4）可变换性。
可变换性是指信息可以转化成不同的形态，也可以由不同的载体来存储。
（5）共享性。
从共享的角度来讲，信息不同于其它资源，它不具有独占性。
42. Access中包括哪几种查询方式？各有什么特点？在Access中主要有选择查询、交叉表查询、参数查询、操作查询和SQL查询。
查询的各种功能可以通过这些查询来实现。
（1）选择查询是最常用的查询类型，即是根据指定的查询准则，从一个或多个表中获取数据并显示结果。
也可以对记录进行分组，并且对记录进行总计、计数、求平均值以及其他运算。
（2）交叉表查询将来源于某个表中的字段进行分组，一组列在数据表的左侧，一组列在数据表的上部，然后在数据表行与列的交叉处显示表中某个字段的统计值。
交叉表查询就是采用了表中的行和列来统计数据的。
（3）参数查询是一种利用对话框来提示用户输入准则的查询。
这种查询可以根据用户输入的准则来检索符合相应条件的记录。
（4）操作查询是由用户指定查找记录的条件，在一次查询操作中对所得结果进行编辑等操作。
（5）SQL查询是用户使用SQL语句来创建的一种查询。
43.简述面向对象法的优点。
（1）与人们习惯的思维方法一致。
面向对象以对象为核心，按照人类对现实世界的认识将现实世界中的实体抽象为对象，避免了其它方法可能出现的客观世界问题领域与软件系统结构不一致的问题。
（2）稳定性好。
面向对象方法基于构造问题领域的对象模型。
当系统功能需求发生变化时，并不会带来软件结构的整体变化。
（3）可重用性好。
对象固有的封装性、多态性等特点使对象内部的实现与外界隔离，因而具有较强的独立性，为可重用性提供支持。
（4）可维护性好。
面向对象的软件容易理解、修改、测试、调试，从而缩短了开发周期并利于系统的修改维护。
44.简述系统设计应遵循的原则。
（1）系统性原则。
在系统设计中要从整个系统的角度进行考虑，注意保证系统的一致性和完整性。
（2）灵活性及可变性原则。
灵活性是指系统对外界环境变化的适应能力。
（3）可靠性原则。
可靠性指系统抵御外界干扰的能力及受外界干扰时的恢复能力。
（4）经济性原则。
经济性是指在满足系统要求的前提下，不仅追求给用户带来一定的效益，还应尽可能减少系统不必要的开销。
45.输入设计应遵循哪些原则？输入数据的校验方法有哪些？输入设计应遵循以下基本原则：（1）输入量小。
输入量应保持在能满足处理要求的最低限度。
（2）输入简便。
输入数据的汇集和输入操作应尽可能简便易行，从而减少错误的发生。
（3）数据转换少。
输入数据应尽量用其处理所需的形式进行记录，以便减少或避免数据由一种介质转换到另一种介质时可能产生的错误。
（4）数据尽早检验。
对输入数据的检验应尽量接近原数据发生点，使错误能及时得到更正。
常见的输入校验方式有二次输入校验法、静态校验法、平衡校验法、文件查询校验法、界限校验法、数据格式校验法和校验码方法等。
五、46.学校（校名，地址，电话，校长名，任职年月）校长（姓名，年龄，性别，职称）。