911事件与PTSD(创伤后应激障碍)

•
41 risk factors associated with post-traumatic stress symptoms up to 4 years after 9/11 included pre-event psychopathology, female sex, recent immigration to the USA, and increased hours of viewing event-related media coverage. overall, individuals who lived outside the New York City metropolitan area were significantly less likely to have probable PTSD than were those inside the area 2 months after 9/11 (4% vs 11%,p=0.07) . 40 A 2004-05 .44 of nearly survey 35000 US adults showed that those who had indirect experience of 9/11-eg,witnessed the attack on television -had the lowest risk of PTSD (1%) of 32 traumatic events listed.
9:02, united airlines flight 175 ( another loaded with fuel Boeing 767) at about 590 miles per hour collapsed into the world trade center in 78 to 84 layer, and caused a huge explosion.
Fourth, the success of the strategic intents to cover up so that the “9.11” terrorist attacks must be the final implementation.
Stress reactions in the USA
It was the tallest twin towers in the world , and it was also the landmark of New York City .
On September 11, 2001, two planes which were hijacked by terrorists, had crashed into twin towers of the world trade center, due to the fire, two towers had collapsed in a few minutes .
8:46 , American airlines flight 11 (a plane carrying fuel Boeing 767) at about the speed of 490 miles per hour, crashed into the north tower of the world trade center, the impact for the north building was from 94 to 98 layer.
Second, the attacks depends on the success of the staff to identify and effective psychological control.
Third, the long-term, the preparatory work of the system is to implement the “9.11” terrorist attacks.
Measurements taken 3-5 days after 9/11 suggested that 44% of the adult US population experienced substantial stress. 38 Findings from subsequent national studies also showed that individuals across the country experienced fear and insecurity, and had increased rates of posttraumatic stress symptoms 2 months later. Research into the potential causes of these symptoms among people with no direct exposure to the 9/11 attacks, or to other disasters, could be beneficial in view of the broad reach of mass media compared with direct exposure after a disaster.
在9/11事件3-5天之后的统计表明，美国44 ％的成人人口经受了重大的压力。在随后的 国家研究中有38份报告结果还显示，全国各 地的人民经受恐惧和缺乏安全感，并在2个 月后增加了创伤后应激症状率。 这些没有直接看到9 /11 恐怖袭击或其他灾害的人与直接 接触创伤后相比，这些症状的潜在原因，可能是与大众 媒体的广泛影响力的有关。 41种风险因素与在9/11后长达4年的创伤后应激症 状相关，包括事件前精神，女性，最近移民到美 国，并增加查看事件相关媒体报道小时。 总体而言，住在纽约市大以外的人明显比那些在纽约市的 在9/11事件 2个月后有PTSD 可能性小(4% vs 11%,p=0.07)。 40 A2004-05调查中，近35000美国成年人中44人表明，那 些过间接经历9/11的，例如在电视上看到了攻击，在列出 的32个创伤性事件中有PTSD (1%)的风险最低。
Short-term and Medium-term Health of 911
World Trade Center
1973-2001.9.11
In the southwest of Manhattan Island, New York Composed of two tower skyscrapers, 6.5 hectares, 110 layer. 411.5 m high
First of all, the terrorist attacks did not use high-tech means, but use the vulnerability of U.S. airport security measures on the general considerations.
PTSD and depression in New York City
Studies done in the New York City metropolitan area focused on psychopathology,particularly PTSD and depression.Several studies based on a series of cross-sectional surveys and subsequent longitudinal work led by New York Academy of Medicine researchers showed that 1-2 months after 9/11,the prevalence of PTSD in 988 residents of Manhattan south of 110th Street was 7.5%,and that for depression was 9.7%.Peri-event panic attacks,loss of possessions,and job loss were risk factors for the development of PTSD,and low social support was a risk factor for depression.Prevalence of both PTSD and depression had decreased by 6 months after the terrorist attacks.
对纽约市居民的精神病理学尤其集中在创伤后应 激障碍和抑郁发生的研究。以纽约医学学会为首的 研究人员所做的一系列具有代表性的调查以及随后 的纵向工作显示9/11事件后1-2个月，曼哈顿南部第 110th 大街的988个居民创伤后应激障碍的患病率占 7.5%，抑郁占9.7%。恐怖事件发生时，损失财产和 失去工作是导致创伤后应激障碍的主要危险因素， 社会支持度低是导致抑郁的主要风险因素。在恐怖 袭击事件6个月后，创伤后应激障碍和抑郁的发生都 有所降低。
Osama bin laden has been killed. And the September 11 incident seemed to be put an end, but we all know that terrorist still exis百度文库.
U.S. expert analysis "9.11" background
Osama bin laden admitted that he plan this terrorist events, the September 11 attacks some days later. Some people hold the view that American hegemony must be partly to blame in the disaster.
U.S. the intellectual Courand senior consultant Brian Jenkins ecently published "Anatomy of a signed article to the terrorist attacks ccurred in the context of the September 11 terrorist attacks.
其他的研究集中在救援和恢复工作者，曼哈顿居 民、学生、工人、以及袭击那天的路人。根据文件 显示，正如人们所预料的那样，创伤后应激障碍和 抑郁的患病率在直接接触的人员中要比其他人高， 研究描述了慢性和迟发性创伤后应激障碍。
PTSD:Post-traumatic stress disorder
• 创伤后应激障碍 • an anxiety disorder associated with serious traumatic events and characterized by such symptoms as survivor guilt, reliving the trauma in dreams, numbness and lack of involvement with reality, or recurrent thoughts and images.
Other investigations have focused on rescue and recovery workers,lower Manhattan residents,students,works,and passers-by on the day of the attack.The p r e v a l e n c e o f PT S D a n d d e p r e s s i o n documented was,as expected,higher in all these directly exposed groups than in the general populations,and studies describe chronic and delayed-onset PTSD.