小升初英语专题讲解与训练--名词(含答案)

小升初英语专题：名词
一、名词定义
名词是表示人,事物，地点或抽象概念等名称的词，如：student 学生 apple苹果 panda熊猫 ruler尺子。

二、名词分类
名词根据其意义可以分为普通名词和专有名词。

三、名词的数
名词的数主要指普通名词的数。

我们又将普通名词的数分为可数名词和不可数名词，不可数名词没有复数变化，只能是单数，可数名词有单数和复数之分。

可数名词复数变化规律
a) 一般情况下词尾直接加-s，比如book-books, apple-apples
b) 以s, x, sh, ch结尾的名词，通常词尾加-es，比如：bus-buses, boxes, watch →watches, brush→brushes.
c) 名词以元音字母+y结尾时，加-s，读作[z]；
以辅音字母+ y结尾时，变y为i，再加-es，读[iz]
boy →boys 男孩story →stories故事factory →factories工厂
baby →babies婴儿holiday →holidays假期
d) 以o结尾的名词，有些词尾加-es，有些加-s。

口诀：黑人，英雄爱吃西红柿和土豆
中学阶段所学的结尾加-es的主要有以下几个：tomato-tomatoes, potato-potatoes, hero-heroes, Negro-Negroes, mango-mangoes
e) 以f或者fe结尾的名词，有些在词尾加-s，有些将f/fe改为v后再加-es。

我们所见到的改f/fe为v加-es的主要有以下单词：
绕口令：妻子（wife）持刀(knife)去宰狼(wolf)，小偷(thief)吓得发了慌；躲在架后(shelf)保己命(myself)，半(half)片树叶(leaf)遮目光。

wife( ), life( ), knife( ), leaf( ), thief( ), half( ),
self( ), shelf( ), wolf( )。

f) 某些名词的单复数是一样的，这类名词不多，主要有：
sheep, fish, deer, Chinese, Japanese,
g) 有些名词单数变复数时，没有一定的规则的，需要特别记忆：
man→( )男人woman→( )女人
foot→( )脚tooth→( )牙
mouse→( )鼠child→( )儿童
练习：1根据句意，用括号中所给词的正确形式填空。

The ________（story）are very interesting.
必背：由man和woman构成的复合名词的两个构成部分都要变化。

a man doctor→men doctors男医生a woman player→ women players女演员
四、常见不可数名词
常用的不可数名词：food, meat, fish, chicken, drink, orange, milk, tea, water, rice, bread, homework, news, paper, ice, rain, snow, wind, air, weather,music, fun, work等
五、不可数名词的量
用“数词或冠词＋量词＋of＋不可数名词”这样的结构来表示，量词可以是单数也可以是复数，但of后面的名词只能用单数
如：一杯牛奶__________________ 三杯咖啡 _________________
两瓶可乐_________________ 两条新闻_________________
There are five bottles of milk. But there isn't a cup of tea.
可数名词时要注意：后面用复数, 动词要根据量词来决定
如：一箱苹果 _________________ 四双鞋子_________________
There is a box of apples in the car,
There are four pairs of shoes under the bed.
可以修饰不可数名词数量的词语还有：some, any, much, a lot of, plenty of, little, a little等，其中much, little, a little只能用来修饰不可数名词的数量，其它词也可以用来修饰可数名词的量。

六、有生命物体的所有格
有生命的名词所有格：’ s + 名词;表示“……的”
1. 当名词不是s 结尾时，用’s；Lucy’s hair / my mother’s bag
（）-- Whose ruler is it? -- Maybe it’s _____.
A.Peter
B.Peters
C.Mary’s
D.Peters’
2. 当名词加了s时，则用只需要加’，例如students’ reading –room 学生们的阅览室
注意：Women’s Day 妇女节Children’s Day 儿童节
Policemen's office 警察的办公室Teachers’ Day 教师节
【真题再现】
（）Those books are my_____ .
A.teachers
B.teachers’
C.teachers’s
3、表示时间、距离、国家、城市的名词，加’s 构成所有格
five minutes’ walk = a five- minute walk three days' holiday = a three- day holiday
4、双重所有格 : of+名词所有格 / of + 名词性的物主代词
a friend of mine, an old photo of my father’s.
【真题再现】 1 The girl under the tree is a friend of _______（Lucy）．
（）I met a friend of _______ last night.
A. my
B. me
C. I
D. mine
5、共同所有格与个体所有格：
She’s Tom and Jim’s mother. (同一个母亲)
They’re Tom’s and Jim’s mothers. ( 各自的母亲)
（）Mr Smith is _______father. They are twin sisters.
A. Mary 's and John's
B. Mary's and John
C. Mary and John's
D. Mary and Johns'
七、无生命物体的所有格
教室的门 the door of the classroom ；山顶 the top of the hill
我卧室的窗户 the windows of my bedroom
1 ( ) ____is open.
A. The windows of the classroom
B. The classroom's window
C. The window of the classroom
D. The classroom's windows
课堂练习
教室的窗户______________________杰克的朋友___________________
汤姆和海伦的爸爸________________玛丽的姐姐和露西的姐姐______________________ 我父母的车______________________我们老师的书______________________________
专项练习
一写出下列可数名词的复数
toy-__________ dish-__________ tomato-__________ map-__________
leaf-__________ sheep-__________ tooth-__________ woman-_________
factory-__________ goose-__________ minute-__________ ferry-__________
二选择填空
( ) 1. We have some ____but we need some____.
A.tomatos; potatos
B.tomatoes; potatos;
C.tomatoes; potatoes
D.tomatos; potatoes.
( ) 2. The thief has two_____.
A.knife
B.knifes
C.knives
D.knifees
( ) 3. The lion has big_____.
A.teeth
B.tooth
C.tooths
D.toothes
( )4. Father has_____for breakfast.
A.two piece of bread
B.two pieces of bread
C.two pieces of breads
D.two piece of breads ( )5. There are many_____.
A.banana trees
B.banana tree
C.bananas trees
D.bananas tree
( ) 6. How many_____can you see in the picture? -eight.
A.sheep
B.sheeps
C.duck
D.cow
( ) 7.The rooms are_____.
A.Lucy and Lily
B.Lucy's and Lily
C.Lucy's and Lily's
D.Lucy and Lily's
( )8.Can you give me_____?
A.a paper
B.some papers
C.some paper
D.papers
( )9 There are many pictures on_____.
A.the classroom's walls
B.the walls of the classroom
C.the walls in the classroom ( )10.That girl is Susan. She is _____.
A.a friend my sister
B.a friend of my sister
C.a friend of my sister's
( )11. Is that an_____car?
A.Chinese
B.Japanese
C.English
( )12.Two ____ walk didn’t made me tired.
A. hour
B. hours
C. hour’s
D. hours’
( )13. The mother over there is ____ mother.
A. Julia and Mary
B. Julia and Mary’s
C. Julia’s and Mary’s
D. Julia’s and Mary
( )14. We are ____ and they are ____.
A. Englishmen, Germans
B. Englishmen, German
C. Englishmans, Germans
D. Englishmen, Germen
( )15. That boy is Jack .He is _____________
A a friend my brother
B a friend of my brother’s
C a friend of my brother
( )16. A man has two __________.
A foot
B foots
C feet
( )17. The two boys are from the different ____________.
A family B.families C familys
( )18 .Are your English___________ new? __Yes ,They are.
A storybook
B stories books
C storybooks
( )19. Two ____, please.
A. coffee
B. coffees
C. cups of coffee
D. cups coffee ( )20.Mr Black often drink some _________.
A. milk
B. milks
kes
kies
三、用所给单词的正确形式填空
1. How many________(sheep) are there on the hill?
2. There is some________(food) in the basket.
3. The baby has only two________(tooth) now.
4. There is a lot of________(water) in the bottle.
5. There are five________(people ) in his family.
6. Let's take________(photo), OK?
7. I have lots of________(tomato) here.
8. The________(leaf) on the tree turn yellow.
9. Their________(dictionary) look new.
11. There are many________(fox) in the picture.
12. They have five big ________(fish).
13.Would you like some ________(tomato)?
14. Jim has some ____________(knife).
15. The girl under the tree is a friend of _______(Lucy).
16Those hamburgers are________ (Tom).
17Nina is at________ ( grandma).She went there yesterday.
18 Do you like eating________ (rice)?
19.How many________ (wolf)are there?
20.I like________ (chicken)better than pork
专项练习答案
一、toys; dishes; tomatoes; maps; leaves; sheep; teeth; women; factories; geese; minutes; ferries
二、1-5 CCABA 6-10 ACBBC 11-15 CDBAB 16-20 CBCCA
三、sheep; food; teeth; water; people; photos; tomatoes; leaves; dictionaries; foxes; fish; tomatoes; knives; Lucy’s ; Tom’s; grandma’s; rice; wolves; chicken。