(完整word版)给排水专业英语
给排水专业英语
School of Civil Engineering and Architecture 土木工程与建筑学院Water Supply and Sawerage Engineering 给水排水工程Municipal Engineering 市政工程civil engineering 土木工程engineering management 工程管理engineering teaching 工程教育construction 施工、建设、结构irrigation 灌溉drainage 排水power plant 动力厂（发电厂）water and sewage systems 饮用水和污水系统（给水排水系统）mass transit 公共交通residential 住宅的house 容纳self-contained 自足的，完备的survey 测量，勘察map 测绘placement 方位sewer 污水管specification 规格，详述，说明书supervise 监督，管理coordinate 协调，整合constructor 承包商subconstructor 分包商Structural engineering 结构工程supports for equipment 设备支撑transmission tower 输电塔giant astronomical and radio telescopes 巨型天文射电望远镜force 力own weight 自重hurricane 飓风concrete 混凝土asphalt 沥青brick 砖aluminum 铝load 荷载Water resources engineering 水利资源工程runoff 径流量lock 水闸hydroelectric 水电的geotechnical engineering 岩土工程settlement 沉降stem form 源于（基于，出于）stability 稳定性slope 边坡，斜坡fills 填土air scrubbers 空气滤清器incineration 焚烧，焚化toxic 有毒的hazardous 有害的，危险的dump site 垃圾堆积场neutralize 中和sanitary 卫生的，清洁的landfill 垃圾掩埋场transportation engineering 交通运输工程highway 公路slurry 泥浆combustible 易燃的，燃烧性的traverse 横贯，穿过hazardous 有害的，危险的construction engineering 施工工程，建筑工程surveyor 测量员lay out 放样ramp 斜坡，坡道form 模板pour 浇筑photogrammetry 摄影测量sonic 音波的，音速的boring 钻孔plot 绘图municipal 市的，市政的U. S. Army Crops of Engineering 美国陆军工程师semiautonomous 半自治的authoriries 当局，官方Environmental engineering 环境工程Water treatment and disposal 水处理coagulation 混凝flocculation 絮凝Wastewater solids treatment and disposal 废水固体物质处理Hazardous waste disposal 危险性废物处理Air-pollution control空气污染控制Potable management 饮用水管理Sources 来源Quality 质量Other aspects其他方面perturbation 动乱，混乱，扰动，破坏ecosystem 生态系统，生态区系subdiscipline（学科的）分支，分科depletion 省耗，消耗，枯竭，耗减anaerobic 厌氧的，无氧的，略氧的scum 浮渣，浮垢，糟粕，泡沫grease 油脂，油膏，润滑油coagulation 凝结，凝结物，凝结作用sedimentation 沉降，沉淀，沉积法，沉积作用emanate 散发，发出，发源colloidal 胶状的，胶质的，胶体的filtration 过滤，滤清，筛选pesticide 农药，杀虫剂herbicide 除草剂fertilizer 肥料，化肥，矿物质肥料centrifuge 离心，离心机，离心作用aquifer 蓄水层，含水土层impoundment 蓄水，积水，人工湖，蓄水池ozone 臭氧，新鲜的空气carcinogenic 致癌物（质）的eutrophic 富营养的，营养良好的algae 藻类，海藻runoff 径流，流出，溢出，径流量refuse disposal 垃圾处理by-product 副产品，出乎意料的结果deal with 安排，处理，涉及ventilate vt. 使通风, 给...装通风设备acoustics n. 声学cognizance n. 认识, 审理, 认定humidity n. 湿气, 潮湿, 湿度<美>沼泽中的肥沃高地charcoal n. 木炭aperture n.孔, 穴, 缝隙, (照相机, 望远镜等的)光圈, 孔径potbelly n.大肚皮, 大腹hut n.小屋, 棚屋hypocaust n. 坑式装置, 热坑canopy n. 天篷, 遮篷Pedestal n. 基架, 底座, 基础vt. 加座, 搁在台上, 支持cloak n.斗蓬, 宽大外衣, 掩护vt. 用外衣遮蔽, 披斗篷horticultural adj. 园艺的convector n. 对流式暖房器apparatus n. 器械, 设备, 仪器amelioration n. 改善, 改进suction n. 吸入, 吸力, 抽气, 抽气机, 抽水泵, 吸引ubiquitous adj. 到处存在的, (同时)普遍存在的perforate v. 打孔trough n. 槽, 水槽, 饲料槽, 木钵Mediterranean n. 地中海, 地中海沿岸的居民adj. 地中海的, 地中海民族的air conditioning n. 空气调节装置plenum system 压力通风系统terra-cotta n. 陶瓦, 赤陶, 棕橙色（terra n. 土地；cotta n. 短袖(无袖)白法衣, 束腰外衣）Thames River n. 泰晤士河(流经牛津,伦敦等)take cognizance of 正式获知；认识；【律】受理（审判）take no cognizance of 对...置之不理windward 迎风面leeward 背风面out of 由于；在...外；从里面；缺乏；放弃；丧失；在...范围外；用...制成；来自，与...不相宜，不相称；离开, 脱离Underground Space Utilization 地下空间的利用two-dimensional 两维的，平面的self-contained 设备齐全的，独立的，成套的inaccessible 达不到的，难接受的dismantle 拆除，拆掉infrastructure 下部构造，下部结构，基础设施in one’s own right 凭本身的头衔（资格或质量等）Those engaged in this area of civil engineering may plan and develop communities within a city, or entire cities. 该领域的工程师从事规划小区或者一个完整的城市。
给排水专业英语(上)
1】Professional English on Water Supply and Sewerage Engineering 给水排水工程专业英语drains for water-carried wastes 污水处理(排污水的排水管道)a settling reservoir 预沉池aqueduct 渠道，导水管filtration 过滤distillation 蒸馏clarification 澄清coagulation血凝stone-grated 格栅、格网turbidity 浊度cistern 蓄水池、槽gpcd 每日每人加仑数coagulant 混凝剂combined sewers 合流制排水管道prehistoric word 石器时代rapid-sand filter 快砂滤池water supply and wastewater disposal facilities给排水处理设施per capita 按人口平均计算ferment 发酵toxic 有毒的These cisterns provided a daily average supply of about 4.2 gallons per capita per day(gpcd).这些贮水池仅能提供每人每天4.2加仑的水量The connection was established between a contaminated water supply and spread of the disease, and it was determined that the absence of effective sewerage was a major hindrance in combating the problem. 人们发现疾病的传播和饮用水受到污染有关，并由此确定缺少有效的排水系统是解决这一问题的主要障碍。
2】The exterior network 室外管网distribution systems 配水系统communication pipe引入管 a meter box 水表节点/盒pressure booster增压装置storage tank 储水箱 a piping line管道water-dispensing fixtures配水器具water meter 水表flange 法兰；阀门gate valve 闸阀deaerator除氧器incorporate 合并fixture trap 存水弯plumbing fixture 卫生器具manhole 检查井fire-protection 消防The function of a drainage system in a building is to remove safely and quickly sanitary sewage, industrial wastes, and rainwater.室内排水系统的作用是为了安全快速地排出生活污水、工业废水和雨水。
给排水专业英语Unit1
Water supply and Sewerage System
Physical-chemical Treatment Process Biological Treatment Process
0. Introduction
7. Assessment 考核方式 • 上课考勤,课堂提问, 完成作业,课堂测 平时成绩（40%） 考试成绩（60%） 验（40%) •期末考试（60%）
2.2 Important sentences
（第三段）4. Air currents move water vapor around the
globe,cloud particles collide,grow,and fall out of the sky as precipitation.Some precipitation falls as snow or hail,sleet,and can accumulate as ice caps and glaciers,which can store frozen water for thousands of years.Most water falls back into the oceans or onto land as rain,where the water flows over the ground as surface runoff.
Water and wastewater engineering
Water supply & sanitation engineering Municipal engineering 市政工程 • 相关专业英语名称 Environmental engineering 环境工程
Civil engineering 土木工程
给排水专业英语
1 管道组成件Piping component1.1 管子Pipe管子(按照配管标准规格制造的) pipe管子(不按配管标准规格制造的其他用管) tube钢管steel pipe铸铁管cast iron pipe衬里管lined pipe复合管clad pipe碳钢管carbon steel pipe合金钢管alloy steel pipe不锈钢stainless steel pipe奥氏体不锈钢管austenitic stainless steel pipe铁合金钢管ferritic alloy steel pipe轧制钢管wrought-steel pipe锻铁管wrought-iron pipe无缝钢管seamless (SMLS) steel pipe焊接钢管welded steel pipe电阻焊钢管electric-resistance welded steel pipe电熔〔弧〕焊钢板卷管electric-fusion (arc)-welded steel-plate pipe螺旋焊接钢管spiral welded steel pipe镀锌钢管galvanized steel pipe热轧无缝钢管hot-rolling seamless pipe冷拔无缝钢管cold-drawing seamless pipe水煤气钢管water-gas steel pipe塑料管plastic pipe玻璃管glass tube橡胶管rubber tube直管run pipe; straight pipe1.2 管件Fitting弯头elbow异径弯头reducing elbow带支座弯头base elbow长半径弯头long radius elbow短半径弯头short radius elbow长半径180°弯头long radius return短半径180°弯头short radius return带侧向口的弯头〔右向或左向〕side outlet elbow (right hand or left hand) 双支管弯头〔形〕double branch elbow三通tee异径三通reducing tee等径三通straight tee带侧向口的三通〔右向或左向〕side outlet tee (right hand or 1eft hand)异径三通〔分支口为异径〕reducing tee (reducing on outlet)异径三通〔一个直通口为异径〕reducing tee (reducing on one run)带支座三通base tee异径三通〔一个直通口及分支口为异径〕reducing tee (reducing on one run and outlet)异径三通〔两个直通口为异径，双头式〕reducing tee (reducing on both runs, bull head)45°斜三通45° lateral45°斜三通〔支管为异径〕45° lateral (reducing on branch)45°斜三通(一个直通口为异径) 45° lateral (reducing on one run)45°斜三通(一个直通口及支管为异径) 45° lateral (reducing on one run and branch)Y型三通〔俗称裤衩〕true “Y〞四通cross等径四通straight cross异径四通reducing cross异径四通〔一个分支口为异径〕reducing cross (reducing on one outlet)异径四通〔一个直通口及分支口为异径〕reducing cross (reducing on one run and outlet)异径四通〔两个分支口为异径〕reducing cross (reducing on both outlet)异径四通〔一个直通口及两个分支口为异径〕reducing cross (reducing on one run and both outlet) 异径管reducer同心异径管concentric reducer偏心异径管eccentric reducer锻制异径管reducing swage螺纹支管台threadolet焊接支管台weldolet承插支管台sockolet弯头支管台elbolet斜接支管台latrolet镶入式支管嘴sweepolet短管支管台nipolet支管台，插入式支管台boss管接头coupling, full coupling半管接头half coupling异径管接头reducing coupling活接头union内外螺纹缩接〔俗称补芯〕bushing管帽cap (C)堵头plug短节nipple异径短节reducing nipple; swage nipple1.3 弯管Bend预制弯管fabricated pipe bend跨越弯管〔^ 形〕cross-over bend偏置弯管〔~ 形〕offset bend90°弯管quarter bend环形弯管cirele bend单侧偏置90°弯管〔? 形〕single offset quarter bendS形弯管“S〞bend单侧偏置U形膨胀弯管〔| ?形〕single offset “U〞bendU形弯管“U〞bend双偏置U膨胀弯管double offset expansion “U〞bend斜接弯管mitre bend三节斜接弯管3-piece mitre bend折皱弯管corrugated bend圆度roundness1.4 法兰Flange (FLG〕整体管法兰integral pipe flange钢管法兰steel pipe flange螺纹法兰threaded flange滑套法兰〔包括平焊法兰〕slip-on flange (SO); slip-on welding flange 承插焊法兰socket welding flange松套法兰lap joint flange (LJF)对焊法兰welding neckflange (WNF)法兰盖blind flange, blind孔板法兰orifice flange异径法兰reducing flange盘座式法兰pad type flange松套带颈法兰loose hubbed flange焊接板式法兰welding plate flange对焊环welding neck collar 〔与stub end相似〕平焊环welding-on collar突缘短节stub end, lap翻边端lapped pipe end松套板式法兰loose plate flange压力级pressure rating, pressure rating class压力—温度等级pressure-temperature rating法兰密封面，法兰面flange facing突面raised face (RF)凸面male face (MF)凹面female face (FMF)榫面tongue face槽面groove face环连接面ring joint face全平面；满平面flat face; full face (FF)光滑突面smooth raised face (SRF)法兰面加工facing finish粗糙度roughness光滑的smooth齿形serrated均方根root mean square (RMS)算术平均粗糙高度arithmetical average roughness height (AARH)配对法兰companion-flange螺栓圆bolt circle (B.C.)1.5 垫片Gasket (GSKT)垫片的型式type of gasket平垫片flat gasket环形平垫片flat ring gasket平金属垫片flat metal gasket夹棉织物的橡胶elastomer with cotton fabric insertion夹石棉织物的橡胶elastomer with asbestos fabric insertion夹石棉织物及金属丝加强的橡胶elastomer with asbestos fabric insertion and with wire reinforcement无石墨压缩白石棉垫片non graphited compressed white asbestos gasket天然白橡胶垫片natural white rubber gasket压缩石棉垫片compressed asbestos class gasket浸聚四氟乙烯的石棉垫片PTFE impregnated asbestos gasket夹石棉的缠绕金属垫片spiral-wound metal gasket with asbestos filler内环inner ring外环，外定位环outer ring波纹金属垫片corrugated metal gasket波纹金属包嵌石棉垫片corrugated metal gasket with asbestos inserted双夹套波纹金属包石棉垫片corrugated metal double jacketed asbestos filled gasket 双夹套垫片double jacketed gasket金属包石棉平垫片flat metal jacketed asbestos filled gasket整体金属齿形垫片solid metal serrated gasket槽形金属垫片grooved metal gasket环形连接金属垫片ring joint metal gasket八角环形垫片octagonal ring gasket椭圆环形垫片oval ring gasket透镜式垫片lens gasket非金属垫片non-metallic gasket1.6 阀门Valve阀门结构、零件阀轭yoke外螺纹阀杆及阀轭outside screw and yoke (OS & Y)阀杆stem内螺纹inside screw (IS)阀轭套yoke sleeve阀杆环stem ring阀座valve seat (body seat)阀座环、密封圈seat ring整体〔阀〕座integral seat堆焊〔阀〕座deposited seat阀芯〔包括密封圈、杆等内件〕trim阀盘disc阀盘密封圈disc seat阀体body阀盖bonnet阀盖衬套bonnet bush螺纹阀帽screw cap螺纹阀盖screw bonnet螺栓连接的阀盖bolted bonnet (BB)活接阀盖〔帽〕union bonnet (cap)螺栓连接的阀帽bolted cap (BC)焊接阀盖welded bonnet (WB)本体阀杆密封body stem seal石棉平安密封asbestos emenen seal倒密封back seal压力密封的阀盖pressure-tight bonnet动力操纵器powered operator电动操纵器electric motor operator气动操纵器pneumatic operator液压操纵器hydraulic operator快速操纵器quick-acting operator滑动阀杆sliding stem正齿轮传动spur gear operated伞齿轮传动bevel gear operated扳手操作wrench operated链轮chain wheel手轮hand wheel手柄hand lever (handle)气缸〔或液压缸〕操纵的cylinder operated链条操纵的chain operated等径孔道full bore; full port异径孔道reducing bore, reduced port,venturi port 短型short pattern紧凑型〔小型〕compact type笼式环lantern ring压盖gland阀杆填料stem packing阀盖垫片bonnet gasket升杆式〔明杆〕rising stem (RS)非升杆式〔暗杆〕non-rising stem (NRS)指示器/限位器indicator/stopper注油器grease injector可更换的阀座环renewable seat ring常用阀(1〕闸阀gate valve平行双闸板double disc parallel seat开口楔形闸板split wedge挠性整体楔形闸扳flexible solid wedge整体楔形闸板solid wedge塞型闸阀plug gate valve直通型闸阀through conduit gate valve(2) 截止阀globe valve球心型阀盘globe type disc塞型阀盘plug type disc可转动的阀盘swivel disc(3) 节流闪阀throttle valve针阀needle valve(4) 角阀angle valve(5) Y型阀〔Y 型阀体截止阀〕Y-valve (Y-body globe valve)(6) 球阀ball valve三通球阀3-way ball valve装有底轴的trunnion mounted耐火型fire safe type浮动球型floating ball type防脱出阀杆blowout proof stem(7) 蝶阀butterfly valve对夹式〔薄片型〕wafer type凸耳式lug type偏心阀板蝶阀offset disc burerfly valve; eccentric butterfly valve 斜阀盘蝶阀canted disc butterfly valve连杆式蝶阀link butterfly valve8) 柱塞阀piston type valve(9) 旋塞阀plug valve三通旋塞阀three-way plug valve四通旋塞阀four-way plug valve旋塞cock衬套旋塞sleeve cock(10) 隔膜阀diaphragm valve橡胶衬里隔膜阀rubber lined diaphragm valve直通式隔膜阀straight way diaphragm valve堰式隔膜阀weir diaphragm valve(11) 夹紧式胶管阀pinch valve〔用于泥浆、粉尘等〕(12) 止回阀check valve升降式止回阀lift check valve旋启式止回阀swing check valve, flap check valve落球式止回阀ball check valve弹簧球式止回阀spring ball check valve双板对夹式止回阀dual plate wafer type check valve无撞击声止回阀non-slam cheek valve底阀foot valve切断式止回阀stop check valve; non-return valve活塞式止回阀piston check valve斜翻盘止回阀tilting disc check valve蝶式止回阀butterfly check valve其它用途的阀平安泄气阀safety valve (SV)平安泄液阀relief valve (RV)平安泄压阀safety relief valve杠杆重锤式lever and weight type引导阀操纵的平安泄气阀pilot operated safety valve复式平安泄气阀twin type safety valve罐底排污阀flush-bottom tank valve电磁阀solenoid valve, solenoid operated valve电动阀electrically operated valve, electric-motor operated valve气动阀pneumatic operated valve低温用阀cryogenic service valve蒸汽疏水阀steam trap机械式疏水阎mechanical trap浮桶式疏水阀open bucket trap, open top bucket trap浮球式疏水阀float trap倒吊桶式疏水阀inverted bucket trap自由浮球式疏水阀loose float trap恒温式疏水阀thermostatic trap金属膨胀式蒸汽疏水阀metal expansion steam trap液体膨胀式蒸汽疏水阀liquid expansion steam trap双金属膨胀式蒸汽疏水阀bimetallic expansion steam trap压力平衡式恒温疏水阀balanced pressure thermostatic trap热动力式疏水阀thermodynamic trap脉冲式蒸汽疏水阀impulse steam trap放气阀〔自动放气阀〕air vent valve (automatic air vent valve) 〔疏水阀用〕平板式滑动闸阀slab type sliding gate valve盖阀flat valve换向阀diverting valve, reversing valve热膨胀阀thermo expansion valve自动关闭阀self-closing gate valve自动排液阀self-draining valve管道盲板阀line-blind valve挤压阀squeeze valve〔用于泥浆及粉尘等〕呼吸阀breather valve风门、挡板damper减压阀pressure reducing valve, reducing valve控制阀control valve膜式控制阀diaphragm operated control valve执行机构actuator背压调节阀back pressure regulating valve差压调节阀differential pressure regulating valve压力比例调节阀pressure ratio regulating valve未指明结构〔或阀型〕的阀切断阀block valve; shut-off valve; stop valve调节阀regulating valve快开阀quick opening valve快闭阀quick closing valve隔断阀isolating valve三通阀three way valve夹套阔jacketed valve非旋转式阀non-rotary valve排污阀blowdown valve集液排放阀drip valve排液阀drain valve放空阀vent valve卸载阀unloading valve排出阀discharge valve吸入阀suction valve多通路阀multiport valve取样阀sampling valve手动阀hand-operated valve; manually operated valve 锻造阀forged valve铸造阀cast valve〔水〕龙头bibb; bib; faucet抽出液阀〔小阀〕bleed valve旁路阀by-pass valve软管阀hose valve混合阀mixing valve破真空阀vacuum breaker冲洗阀flush valve第一道阀；根部阀primary valve根部阀root valve总管阀header valve事故切断阀emergency valve1.7 管道特殊件Piping Specialty管道特殊件〔组件〕粗滤器strainer过滤器filter临时粗滤器〔锥型〕temporary strainer (cone type)y 型粗滤器y-type strainerT型粗滤器T-type strainer永久过滤器permanent filter丝网粗滤器gauze strainer洗眼器及淋浴器eye washer and shower视镜sight glass阻火器flame arrester喷嘴；喷头spray nozzle取样冷却器sample cooler消声器silencer膨胀节expansion joint波纹膨胀节bellow expansion joint单波single bellow双波double bellow多波multiple bellow压力平衡式膨胀节pressure balanced expansion带铰链膨胀节hinged expansion joint轴向位移型膨胀节axial movement type expansion joint 自均衡膨胀节〔外加强环〕self-equalizing expansion joint 带接杆膨胀节tied expansion joint万向型膨胀节universal type expansion joint球形补偿器ball type expansion joint填函式补偿器slip type (packed type) expansion joint单向滑动填料函补偿器single actionpacked slip joint管道特殊元件Piping Special Element软管接头hose connection (HC)快速接头quick coupling金属软管metal hose橡胶管rubber hose挠性管flexible tube鞍形补强板reinforcing saddles补强板reinforcement pad特殊法兰special flange漏斗funnel排液环drip ring排液漏斗drain funnel插板blank垫环spacer8字盲板spectacle blind; figure 8 blind限流孔板restriction orifice爆破片rupture disk法兰盖贴面protective disc费托立克接头victaulic coupling1.8 端部连接End Connection法兰端flanged end坡口端beveled end (BE)对焊端butt welded end平端plain end (PE)承插焊端socket welding end螺纹端threaded end (TE)承口bell end焊接端welding end法兰连接〔接头〕flanged joint对焊连接〔接头〕butt welded joint螺纹连接，管螺纹连接threaded joint, pipe threaded joint 锥管螺纹密封焊连接seal-welded taper pipe threaded joint 承插焊连接〔接头〕socket welded joint承插连接〔接头〕bell and spigot joint环垫接头ring joint (RJ)万向接头universal joint软钎焊连接〔接头〕soldered joint搭接接头，松套连接lapped joint外侧厚度切斜角bevel for outside thickncss内侧厚度切斜角bevel for inside thickness内外侧厚度切斜角bevel for combined thickness法兰式的flanged (FLGD)对焊的butt welded (BW)螺纹的threaded (THD)承插焊的socket welded (SW)小端为平的small end plain (SEP)大端为平的large end plain (LEP)两端平both ends plain (BEP)小端带螺纹small end thread (SET)大端带螺纹large end thread (LET)两端带螺纹both end thread (BET)一端带螺纹one end thread (OET)支管连接branch connection焊接支管branch pipe welded directly to the run pipe 2 管道用紧固件及螺纹2.1 紧固件螺栓 bolt六角头螺栓 hexagonal head bolt方头螺栓 square head bolt螺柱，双头螺栓 stud bolt环头螺检 eye bolt沉头螺栓 countersunk (head) screw地脚螺栓 anchor bolt; foundation bolt 松紧螺旋扣〔花篮螺丝〕 turnbuckleU形螺栓 U-boltT形螺栓 T-bolt圆头螺钉 round head bolt机螺栓，机螺钉 maehine bolt顶开螺栓，顶起螺栓 Jack screw自攻螺钉 self tapping screw膨胀螺栓 expansion bolt粗制的 coarse精制的 finished, fine螺母 nut六角螺母 hexagonal nut方螺母 square nut蝶形螺母 wing nut扁螺母 flat nut锁紧螺母 lock nut垫圈 washer平垫圈 plain washer球面垫圈 spherical washer弹簧垫圈 spring washer方垫圈 square washer斜垫圈 slant washer销轴 pinned shan销 pin开口销 cotter pin定位销 dowel pin带孔销 pin with hole圆锥销 taper pin铆钉 rivet键 key2.2 螺纹左螺纹left hand thread右螺纹 right hand thread管螺纹 pipe thread锥管螺纹 taper pipe thread直管螺纹straight pipe thread梯形螺纹 trapezoid thread螺距pitch of thread粗牙螺纹coarse thread细牙螺纹 fine thread特细牙螺纹extra fine thread通长螺纹full thread惠氏螺纹whitworth thread公制螺纹 metric ibread美国标准锥管螺纹 American standard taper pipe thread (NPT) 螺孔 tap3 材料、型钢及填料3.1 金属材料黑色金属 Ferrous Metal碳素钢 carbon steel (CS)低碳钢 low-carbon steel中碳钢 medium-carbon steel高碳钢 high-carbon steel普通碳素钢 general carbon steel优质碳素钢 high-quality carbon steel普通低合金结构钢 general structure low-alloy steel合金结构钢 structural alloy steel合金钢 alloy steel低合金钢 low alloy steel中合金钢 medium alloy steel高合金钢 high alloy steel耐热钢 heat resisting steel高强度钢 high strength steel复合钢 clad steel工具钢 tool steel弹簧钢 spring steel钼钢 molybdenum steel镍钢 nickel steel铬钢 chromium steel铬钼钢 chrome-molybdenum steel铬镍钢 chromium-nickel steel,chrome-nickel steel 不锈钢 stainless steel (S.S.)奥氏体不锈钢 Austenitic stainless steel马氏体不锈钢 Martensitic stainless steel司特来合金〔钨铬钴台金〕 Stellite耐蚀耐热镍基合金 Hastelloy铬镍铁合金 inconel耐热铬镍铁合金 incoloy20合金 20 alloy平炉钢〔马丁钢〕 Martin steel镇静钢 killed steel半镇静钢 semi-killed steel沸腾钢 rimmed steel; rimming steel; open-steel锻钢 forged steel铸钢 cast steel铸铁 cast iron (C.I.)灰铸铁 grey cast iron可锻铸铁 malleable iron (MI)球墨铸铁 nodular cast iron; nodular graphite iron 生铁 pig iron熟铁，锻铁 wrought iron铸件 casting高硅铸铁 high silicon cast iron镀层及制造方法渗铬钢，镀铬钢 chromized steel镀铬的 chromium-plated, chrome-plated镀层 plating锻造，型钢 swage锻造的，锻造 forging轧制 rolling热轧 hot rolling冷轧 cold rolling挤压 extruding冷加工 cold working热加工 hot working拔制 drawing有色金属Non-ferrous Metal铝 aluminum铜，紫铜 copper黄铜 brass青铜 bronze铝青铜 aluminum bronze磷青铜 phosphor bronze铝镁合金 aluminum magnesium锰青铜 manganese bronze蒙乃尔〔注：镍及铜合金〕 Monel镍铜台金 nickel copper alloy非铁合金 nonferrous alloy钛 titanium铅 lead硬铅 hard lead材料性能极限强度 ultimate strength抗拉强度 tensile strength屈服极限 yield limit屈服点 yield point延伸率 percentage elongation抗压强度 compressive strength抗弯强度 bending strength弹性极限 elastic limit冲击值 impact value疲劳极限 fatigue limit蠕变极限 creep limit持久极限 endurance limit布氏硬度 Brinell hardness洛氏硬度 Rockwell hardness维氏硬度 Vickers diamond hardness, diamond penetrator hardness 蠕变断裂强度 creep rupture strength断面收缩率 reduction of area韧性 toughess脆性 brittleness延性 ductility冷脆 cold shortness冷流 cold flow3.2 非金属材料 Non-metallic Material塑料 plastic丙烯腈—丁二烯—苯乙烯 acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) 聚乙烯 polyethylene (PE)聚氯乙烯 polyvinyl chloride (PVC)苯乙烯橡胶 styrene-rubber (SR)聚丁烯 polybutylene (PB)聚丙烯 polypropylene (PP)聚苯乙烯 polystyrene (PS)氯化聚醚 chlorinated polyether (CPE)聚酰胺 polyamide (PA)聚碳酸酯 polycarbonate (PC)聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯 polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA)醋酸丁酸纤维素cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB)氯化聚氯乙烯 chlorinated polyvinyl chloride (CPVC)聚偏二氟乙烯 polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)缩醛塑料 acetal plastic尼龙塑料 nylon plastic聚烯烃 polyolefin (PO)石墨酚醛塑料 graphite phenolic plastics聚四氟乙烯 polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)纤维增强热塑性塑料 fiber reinforced thermoplastics热塑性塑料 thermoplastic热固性塑料 thermosetting plastics胶粘剂 adhesive溶剂胶接剂 solvent cement树脂 resin环氧树脂 epoxy, epoxy resin聚酯树脂 polyester resin聚酯纤维 polyester fibers氟塑料 fluoroplastics聚氨基甲酸酯 polyurethane丙烯酸树脂 acrylic resin脲醛树脂 urea resin呋哺树脂 furan resin乙烯丙烯二烃单体 ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) 合成橡胶 synthetic rubber橡胶 rubber丁腈橡胶 nitrile butadiene rubber氯丁橡胶 neoprene天然橡胶 natural rubber乙丙橡胶 ethylene propylene rubber (EPR)玻璃 glass硼硅玻璃 borosilicate glass耐火砖 fire brick陶瓷 ceramic搪瓷 porcelain enamel木材 wood3.3 型材型钢 shaped steel, section steel, swage角钢 angle steel槽钢 channel工字钢 I-beam宽缘工字钢或H钢 wide flanged beamT型钢 T-bar方钢 square bar扁钢 flat bar角钢 hexagonal steel bar圆钢 round steel; rod钢带 strap steel钢板 plate网纹钢板 checkered plate腹板〔指型钢的立板〕 web翼缘〔指型钢的缘〕 wing3.4 填料及填料函填料 packing石棉绳 asbestos rope, asbestos cord．O形环 O-ring自密封 self-sealing四氟带 Teflon tap带铬镍合金丝的石棉绳 asbestos rope with inconel wire, inconel wire asbestos浸聚四氟乙烯的石棉填料 Teflon impregnated asbestos packing金属填料 metallic stuffing填料箱，填料函 packing box, stuffing box填料函压盖 stuffing box gland4 管道等级及材料统计4.1 管道材料规定 Piping Material Specification管道等级 piping class; piping classification管道等级号 class designation公称直径 nominal diameter (DN); nominal (pipe) size公称压力 nominal pressure (PN)压力级，等级，类别 class (CL)低压 low pressure (L.P.)中压 medium pressure (M.P.)高压 high pressure (H.P.)大气压 atmosphere (ATM)真空 vacuum工作压力 operating pressure; working pressure设计压力 design pressure工作温度 operating temperature设计温度 design temperature环境温度 ambient temperature腐蚀裕量 corrosion allowance管道附件 piping attachment管道元件 piping element壁厚 wall thickness (WT)壁厚系列号 schedule number (SCH. No.)加厚的，加强的 extra heavy, extra strong双倍加厚的，双倍加强的 double extra heavy, double extra strong通用连接组 typieal installation分组〔类〕形式〔如管道等级表〕 block form数据库 data base文件 file4.2 材料统计 Material Take-off (MTO)汇总表 summary sheet材料表 bill of material (BM)综合管道材料表 consolidated piping material summary sheet (CPMSS) 统计材料准确度 accuracy of take-off材料情况报告 material status report (MSR)散装材料 bulk material编位号的 itemized代码 code number短代码 short code数量 quantity (QTY)重力 weight净重 net weight毛重 gross weight5 设备布置及管道布置Plot Plan and Piping Layout,Equipment and Piping Arrangement5.1 设备名称 Equipment Name容器 Vessel(1) 塔 tower, column洗涤塔 scrubber吸收塔 absorber冷却塔 cooling tower精馏塔 fractionating tower蒸馏塔 distillation tower再生塔 regenering tower造粒塔 prflling tower汽提塔 stripper脱气塔 degasifier合成塔 synthesis tower(2) 反响器 reactor聚台釜 polymerizer转化器，变换器 converter脱硫反响器 desulphurization reactor 甲烷化器 methanator(3) 气柜 gas-holder螺旋式气柜 helical gas-holder湿式气柜 wet gas-holder干式气柜 dry gas-holder(4) 槽罐贮罐 tank; storage tank缓冲罐 knock out drum球罐 spheroid, spherical tank罐 drum接受槽 receiver计量槽 measuring tank加料槽 feed tank排污罐 blow down tank闪蒸罐 flash drum汽包 steam drum溶液贮槽 solution storage tank地下槽 sloptank(5) 其它设备别离器 separator旋风别离器 cyclone分子筛 molecular sieve脱氧器 deaerator搅拌器 agitator枯燥器 dryer混合器 mixer萃取器 extractor结晶器 crystallizer澄清器 gravity settler净化器 purifier气化器 vaporizer吸附器 adsorber融解槽 melter减温器 desuperheater升压器 booster喷射器 ejector喷头 sprayer火炬 flare消声器 silencer(6) 换热器、加热器、冷却器换热器 heat exchanger空冷器 air cooler水冷却器 water cooler冷凝器 condenser螺旋板式换热器 spiral plate heat exchanger 蒸发器 evaporator再沸器 reboiler急冷器 quencher深冷器 chiller预热器 preheater再热器 reheater加热器 heater电加热器 electric heater过热器 super heater给水加热器 feed water heater中间冷却器 inter cooler后冷却器 after cooler工业炉及锅炉炉子 furnace烧嘴 burner锅炉 boiler烟囱 stack废热锅炉 waste heat boiler辅助锅炉 auxiliary boiler省煤器 economizer回热炉 direct-fired heater辐射段 radiant section对流段 convection section裂化炉 reformer燃烧炉 incinerator回转窑 rotary kiln炉管 furnace tube吹灰器 soot blower观察孔 observation door, peep door防爆门 explosion door5.2 辅助用房名称5.2.1 生产用房分析室 analyzer room变压器室 transformer room配电室，变电所 substation, switch room蓄电池室 battery room控制室 control room通风室 ventilating room贮藏室 storage room维修间 maintenance room办公室 office生活用房更农室 locker room盥洗室，厕所 closet, lavatory, toilet5.3 图名管道布置平面 piping arrangement plan (PAP)管道布置 piping layout轴测图 isometric drawing分区索引图 key plan初版设备布置图〔“A〞版〕preliminary plot plan ( “A〞 issue)内部审查版设备布置图〔“B〞版〕inrernal approval plot plan ( “B〞 issue) 用户审查版设备布置图〔“C〞版) owner approval plot plan ( “C〞 issue) 确认版设备布置图〔“D〞版〕 conf irm plot plan ( “D〞 issue)研究版设备布置图〔“e〞版〕planning plot plan ( “E〞 issue)设计版设备布置图〔“F〞〕designing plot plan ( “F〞 issue)施工版设备布置图〔“G〞版〕construction plot plan ( “G〞 issue)5.4 厂房、站、单元压缩机房 compressor house (room)泵房 pump house (room)洗眼站 eye washer station泡沫站 foam station软管站，公用工程站 hose station (HS), utility station成套设备 package unit设施 facilities罐区 tank yard空分装置 air separation facility5.5 设备布置设备位号 equipment item number工厂 plant工厂区界 plant limit工程区界内侧 inside battery limit (I.S.B.L.) 工程区界 batterylimit (BL)区界 area limit区域边界 zone iimit界外 off site东 east (E)西 west (W)南 south (S)北 north (N)上 up下 down工厂北向 plant north真实北向 true north道路 road小过道 cat walk, cat way走道，过道 walk way, gangway, access way污水坑〔井〕 sump pit集水池 catch basin沟槽 through预留区 trough场地 future area铺砌区 paving area非铺砌区 unpaved area碎石铺面 gravel paving橡皮铺面 rubber paving面积，区域 area体积，容积 volume (VOL)5.6 管道布置管道设计 piping design管道研究 piping study走向研究 routing study重要管道 critical piping地上管道 above ground piping地下管道 under ground piping管网 network of pipes管廊 pipe rack管沟 piping trench管间距 line spacing管道跨距 line span总管 header, manifold旁路 by pass排液 drain放空 vent上升管，垂直管 riser导管 canduit裸管 bare iine管件直接 fitting to fitting (FTF)管段，接口 spool piece, spool取样接口 sampling connection集液包 drip leg伴热管 tracing pipe蒸汽伴热 steam tracing热水伴热 hot-water tracing电伴热 electrical tracing夹套管 jacketed line, jacketed piping全夹套的 full jacketed平面 plan详图 detail“ 〞视图X view “X〞“ 〞剖视A-A section “A-A〞连接图 hook up drawing接续图 continue on drawing (COD)接续线 match line (M.L.)比例 scale图例 legend符号 symbol管口表 list of nozzles方位 orientation管口方位 nozzle orientation定位 location相交 intersection水平的 horizontal垂直的，立式的 vertical垂直，正交，垂直的 perpendicular平行，平行的 parallel水平安装 horizontal installation垂直安装 vertical installafion对称的 symmetric相反〔的〕，对面〔的〕 opposite顺时针方向 clock wise逆时针方向 counter clock wise计算机辅助设计 computer aided design (CAD)5.7 图面标注绝对标高 abselute elevation海平面标高 over-sea mean level (OSL)标高，立面 elevation (EL)混凝土顶面 top of concrete架顶面 top of support (TOS)钢结构顶面 top of steel梁项面 top of beam (TOB)支撑点 point of suppon (POS)管顶 top of pipe (TOP)管底 bouom of pipe (BOP)沟底 boaom of trench管子内底 invert (inside bottom of pipe) 底平 flat on bottom (FOB)顶平 flat on top (FOT)工作点 working point (W.P.)面至面 face to face (F-F)中心至端面 center to end (C-E)中心至面 center to face (C-F)中心至中心，中至中 center to center (C-C) 坐标 coordinate坐标原点 origin of coordinate出口中心线 center line of discharge入口中心线 center line of suction中心线 centerline (CL)入口 inlet, suction出口 outlet, discharge排出口 exhaust距离 distance5.8 相关专业的专业词汇工艺(1) 图及表流程图 flow diagram工艺流程图 process flow diagram (PFD)管道及仪表流程图 piping andinstrument flow diagram (PID)公用工程流程图 utility flow diagram (UFD) 管线表 line list; line schedule命名表；管道表 nomenclature设备表 equipment list (schedule)(2) 流体 fluid空气 air仪表空气 instrument air工艺空气 process air低压蒸汽 low pressure steam中压蒸汽 medium pressure steam高压蒸汽 high pressure steam伴热蒸汽 tracing steam饱和蒸汽 saturated steam过热蒸汽 superheated steam氧气 oxygen氢气 hydrogen氮气 nitrogen燃料气 fuel gas天然气 natural gas火炬气 flare gas酸性气 sour gas液化石油气 liquefired petroleum gas (LPG) 氨气 ammonia gas冷却水 cooling循环水 circulating water锅炉给水 boiler feed water热水 hot water蒸汽冷凝水 steam condensate盐水 brine工艺水 process water化学污水 chemical sewage防腐剂 corrosion inhibitor重油 heavy oil石脑油 naphtha燃料油 fuel oil润滑油 lubricating oil密封油 sealing oil冷冻剂 refrigerant载热体 heating medium溶剂 solvent溶液 solution母液 mother liquor单体 monomer聚合物 polymer均聚物 homopolymer共聚物 copolymer工艺液体 process liquid工艺气体 process gas硫酸 sulphuric acid盐酸 chlorhydric acid硝酸 nitric acid烧碱 caustic soda(3) 流体特性 fluid characteristics蒸汽压 vapor pressure临界温度 critical temperature临界点 critical point临界压力 critical pressure比热 specific heat湿度 humidity密度 density比重 specific gravity粘度 viscosity闪点 flash point融点 melting point凝固点 freezing point浓度 concentration爆炸极限 limit of explosion有毒的 toxic可燃的；易燃的 flammable(4) 其它回收 recovery再生 regeneration循环 cireulatlon再循环；再生 recycle补充 make-up制备 preparation蒸汽吹扫 steaming out吹扫 purge抽空；排空 evacuation吹出 blow-off排污 blow down破真空 vacuum breaker大气腿 barometric leg备用 stand-by化学清洗 chemical cleaning净正吸入压头 net positive suction head (NPSH) 进料 feed成品 product污染 contamination大气污染 atmospheric pollution环境温度 ambient temperature建筑、结构建筑物 building钢结构 steel structure已有钢结构 existing steel structure钢筋混凝土结构 reinforced concrete construction 楼面 floor平台 platform (PF)地面 ground level栏杆 handrail楼梯 stair; stair way直梯 ladder柱 column; post; stanchion根底 foundation; footing粱 beam斜撑；支撑 bracing桁架；主粱 girder构件 member隔墙 partition wall墙 wall篦子板 grate; grating吊装孔 erection opening吊梁 hoisting beam棚 shelter窗 window天窗 skylight门 door防火门 fire door地漏 floor drain防火层 fire-proofing总图 general plot plan路肩 shoulder桩 pile灌浆 grouting风荷载 wind load雪荷载 snow load动力荷载 dynamic load静荷载 dead load活荷载 live load风速 wind velocity主导风向 most frequent wind direction仪表盘〔操作盘〕 panel就地盘 local panel仪表盘 instrument panel常开 normally open常闭 normally closed电缆槽〔架〕 cable tray (channel); cable rack 仪表电缆槽〔架〕 instrument cable tray (duct) 压力计 manometer; pressure gauge热电偶 thermocouple温度计 thermometer液位计 level gauge玻璃液位计 gage glass温度计保护管 thermowell流量计 flow meter孔板 orifice变送器 transmitter联锁 interlock仪器；设备 apparatus仪器分析 instrumental analysis自动分析 automatic analysis气体分析 gas analysis化学分析 chemical analysis气相色谱仪 gas chromatograph液相色谱仪 liquid chromatograph质谱分析 mass spectrometric analysis电气危险区划分 hazardous area classification危险区平面图 hazardous area plan电气盘 electrical panel配电盘 switch board电缆沟 cable trench电流 current直流 direct current交流 alternating current频率 frequency相位 phase功率因数 power factor电压 voltage电阻 resistance电容 capacitance静电 static electricity接地 grounding; easthing照明 lighting; illumination避雷针 lightning preventertelephone电线 wire接线箱〔盒〕 junction box导线管 conduit tube设备固定鞍座 fixed saddle滑动鞍座 sliding saddle管口 nozzle人孔 manhole (MH)手孔 handhole (HH)检查孔 inspection hole吊柱 davit切线 tangent line焊接线 weldingiine件号 part humbet椭圆形封头 ellipsoidal head加强圈 reinforcing ring接地板 earth lug吊耳 lifting lug气缸 cylinder轴 shaft轴承 bearing附件，附属设备 accessory编位号设备 itemized equipment无位号设备 non-itemized equipment 水道(1) 流体原水 raw water硬水 hard water软水 soft water饮用水 potable water循环冷却水给水 cooling water supply 循环冷却水回水 cooling water return 脱盐水 demineralized water。
给水排水专业英语翻译
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《给水排水专业英语》Lesson 1specific yield [spə'sifik] ［ji：ld］单位产水量mass curve 累积曲线capital investment 投资recurring natural event ［'nætʃərəl］重现历史事件subterranean [sʌbtə'reiniən］地下的groundwater 地下水surface water 地表水tap ［tæp］开关、龙头；在…上开空（导出液体)swampland [’swɔmplænd］n。
沼泽地;沼泽地带capillary ［kə’piləri］ n. 毛细管 adj。
毛状的，毛细管的hygro- ［词头] 湿（气)，液体hygroscopic [,haigrəu'skɔpik] adj。
易湿的，吸湿的hygroscopic moisture 吸湿水stratum ［'streitəm］ n。
［地质学］地层，[生物学］（组织的）层aquifer [’ækwəfə］ ['ækwifə］ n。
含水层，地下蓄水层saturation [,sætʃə’reiʃən］ n.饱和 (状态）,浸润，浸透，饱和度hydrostatic [，haidrəu'stætik] adj. 静水力学的，流体静力学的hydrostatic pressure 静水压力water table 1. 地下水位，地下水面,潜水面2。
给排水专业英语Unit 1
• Reading and writing papers
• Communicating and obtaining information
3. Requirements 学习要求
• Vocabulary • Reading and translation • Speaking and communication • Writing 完成毕业设计译文 能从容进行面试 会写毕业设计摘要
锁住
caps of Antarctic and Greenland )and (in deep underground aquifers),
(which remains technologically or economically beyond our reach.)
从句，指代句子主语 all of this fresh water
dwelling sanitation runoff apportion rain gauge
n. n. n. v. n.
住处，房屋，公寓，住宅 卫生, 卫生设施 溢流
分摊，分配
雨量计
temporal
static dynamic
adj.
adj. adj.
暂时的，世俗的
静态的, 静力的 static electricity 动力的, 动力学的, 动态的 reserves 保留 severe 极其恶略的，严重的 reverse 相反的；颠倒
beginning in the mid 1960’s,) was successful [in elucidating many unknown aspects of the global hydrological cycle and some of the best references on global water resources still date from the period.]
给排水专业英语汇总
给排水专业英语汇总废水处理 wastewater disposal 合流制 combined sewers UNIT 1给水工程 water supply engineering 受纳水体 receiving waters 分流制separate sewers排水工程 sewetage engineering 污染 pollution pollute 建筑排水系统building drainage system市政工程 civil engineering 污染物 pollntant 卫生洁具 plumbing fixtures市政工程师 civil engineer 玷污、污染 contamination 卫浴设备 bathroom fixtures环境工程 environmental engineering 致污物 contaminant 输水系统 water transmission system水文学 hydrology 未污染 uncontaminated 漏水率 leakage rate水力学 hydranlies 水污染 water pollution 配水系统 water distribution system水环境 natural aquatic environment 水污染控制 water pollutioncontrol 环状管网 grid system流域 watershed 水污染防治 water pollution prevention 支状管网branching system水体 waterbody 污水回用 wastewater reuse 下水管道 sanitary sewer 地表水 surface water 污水节流管 intercepting sewer UNIT 2新鲜水 freshwater 水短缺 water scarcity 污水节流系统 intercepting sewer system地下水 groundwater 地表水资源 surface water resource 污水节流井sewage intercepting cell含水层 aquifer 管网 Pipe Network 支管 collection sewer collector sewer天然含水层 natural aquifer 供水系统 water supply system 生活污水sanitary sewage地下含水层 underground aquifer 市政配水系统 municipal distribution system domestic sewage水文循环 natural hydrologic cycle 建筑给水系统house water supply system domestic wastewater渗滤 infiltration 分区供水系统 dual distribution system 工业污水industrial wastewater降水 precipitation 小区 micro district 工业污水/液/物 industrial wastes渗入 precolation 小社区 small community 农业用水 agricultural wastewater/wastes蒸发 evaporation 冷水供水系统 cold water supply system 雨水rainwater stormwater蒸腾 transpiration 热水供水系统 hot water supply system 水位waterlevel城市水文循环 urban hydrologic cycle 消防系统 fire protection system 海拔、标高 elevation水源 water source 坡度 grade 喷淋系统 fire protection sprinkler system水资源 water resource 自动水幕系统 automatic drencher system 倾斜度slope取水 water withdrawal 半自动水幕系统明渠 Open channel水处理 water treatment 开挖 excavation semi automatic drencher system配水 water distribution 消火栓 hydrant 深度 excavation depth用水 water use 排水系统 drainage system 水力分析 hydraulic analysis 污水 wastewater 生活排水系统 sanitary system 水头 pressure head废水 abwasser 工业排水系统 industrial system 总水头 total head废水收集 wastewater collection 雨水排水系统 stormwater system Unit 3 水头损失 Head loss 水源 Water sources 审美 Esthetic速度头动压头 Velocity head 味 Taste供水水源 Water supples静压 Static head 原水 Raw water 嗅 Odo摩擦水头 Friction head 未处理水 Untreated water 色 Colour水力坡度线 Hydranlic grade line 出水 Finished water 变色Discolouration 重力流 Gravity flow 原水水质 Raw-water quality 变色Discolor水塔 Water castle 水质标准 Water quality standards 水质物理参数Physical parameters of water quality 贮水箱 Cistern 水质要求 Water quality requirements 水的物理性质 Physical quality of water 泵站 Pump station 饮用水 Drink water\potable water 浊度值 Turbidity values 给水泵站 Water pump station 自来水 Tap water 浊度单位 Turdidity unit 污水泵站Sewage station 纯水 Pure water 浑浊单位 Turdid提升泵站 Lift pumping plant 嗅阈值 Threshold odor number 饮用水标准Drinking water standards增压泵 Booster pump 化学性质 Chemical quality 饮用水一级标Primary drinking water standards离心泵 Centrifugal pump 最大允许浓度 Maxmum permissible levels 水质化学参数Chemical parameters of water quality 潜水泵 Submer sible pump 溶解氧 Dissolved oxygen (DO) maxmum allowable levels潜水艇 Submerine 最大污染物浓度 Maxmum contaminant levels 溶解氧浓度Do level深井泵 Well pump 主要污染物 Primary contaminants 溶解氧平衡 Do balance虹吸虹吸管 Siphon 有机化合物 Organic chemicals 氧损 Oxygen depletion 人孔 Manhole 合成有机化合物 Synthetic organic chemicals 有机污染物 Organic pollutant 法兰 Flange 挥发性有机化合物 Volatile organic ohemicals 生化需氧量 Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) 阀门 Valve 无机化合物 Inorganic chemical 总氮 Total nitrogen (TN) 闸阀 Gate valve 微生物Micro organisms\microbes 总凯式氮 Total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN) 微生物污染 Microbial contaminants 悬浮固体 Suspended solids (SS) 泵送系统 Pumping system流量 Flow rate 病原微生物 Pathogenic micro organisms 总悬浮固体Total suspended solids (TSS)病原体 Pathogenic 溶解 D流速 Fluid velocity issolved (DS)层流 Laminar flow 病毒 Pathogenic bacterin 总溶解 Total dissolved (TDS) 滞流粘性流 viscous flow 细菌 Bacteria Unit 4大肠杆菌 Coliform bacteria 过渡流 Transitional flow 溶解的铁和锰Dissolved iron and manganese 湍流 Turbulent flow 病毒 Viruses 硬度Hardness藻类 Algae 紊流 Turbulence flow 碱度 Alkalinity涡流 Eddying flow 浊度 Turbidity 盐度 Salinity雷诺数 Teynolds number 放射性 Radionuclide 有害物质 Toxic and hazardous materials感官性状 Esthetic qualities 水质 Water guality 氰化物 Cyanides急性毒性 Acute toxity 处理水 Treated wastes 砂 Grit慢性毒性 Chronic toxity 回用水 Redaimed water 沙 Sand基因毒性 Genetic toxicity 水处理过程 Water processing 除砂 Grit removal 基因 Gene 收集 Collect 沉砂池 Grit chamber 难降解有机化合物Refractory organic chemicals 处置 Dispose 沉淀 Settling永久性有机污染物 Persistent organic pollutants 处理方法 Treatment method 沉淀池 Settling tank 致癌化学性 Carcinogenic chemicals 处理费用Treatment costs 澄清池 Clarifier 三卤甲烷 Trihalo methanes 处理单元Treatment process 初澄清池 Primary clarifier 卤素 Halogen 运行模式Operational mode 初沉池 Primary settling tank 甲基 Methyl 间歇处理方式Batch treatment approach 一级出水 Primary effluent 氯仿 Trichloromethane 均匀均化 Equalization 二级处理 Secondary treatment 三氯甲烷 Chloroform 均匀 Equalize 二级处理工艺 Secondary treatment process 杀虫剂农药Pesticide 调蓄水池 Equalization storage 生物处理 Biological treatment 害虫 Pest 调节池 Equalization tank 二澄清池 Secondary clarifier 杀虫剂Insecticide 蓄水池二沉池 Secondary settling tank Storage tank除草剂 Herbicide 降解 Degrade 最终澄清池 Final clarifier 杀菌剂Germicide 分解 Decompose 最终沉淀池 Final settling tank 细菌 Germ 分离Separate 二级出水 Secondary effluent 防腐剂 Preservative 隔离 Separation 三级处理 Tertiary treatment 保证 Preserve 物理法 Physical process 深度处理 Advanced treatment 清洗剂 Cleaning agent 物理处理 Physical treatment 废水消毒 Waste disinfection 洗涤剂 Detergent 物理处理过程 Physical treatment process 出流出水 Effluent flow允许浓度 Allowable levels 发泡剂 Foaming agent 一级处理 Primary treatment泡沫 Foam 初步处理 Preliminary treatment 优异出水 High-quality polished effluent格栅筛滤 Screening 废水处理厂 Wastewater treatment plant 化肥Fertilizer肥沃的 Fertile 格栅 Screen 污水处理厂 Sewage treatment plant 富营养化 Eutrophication 格栅 Bar screen 二级处理厂 Secondary treatment plant 城市污水处理营养的 Trophic 栅条 Bars营养水平 Trophic level 钢栅条 Steel bars Municipal wastewater treatment市政工程 Municipal engineering 生态位 Niche 渣耙 Cleaning rakes圆形破碎机 Circular grinder 土木工程 Civil engineering Unit 5原污水 Raw sewage 破碎 Grind 城市污水处理厂原废水 Raw wastes 除砂 Degritting Municipal wastewater treatment plant污水处理能力 Sewage treatment capacity 混合池 mixer tank 刮泥机sludge scraper 电容 Capacitance 快速混合池 flash-mix tank 排泥 sludge drawoff 污水处理设施 Municipal treatment facilities 絮凝器 n.flocculator sludge withdrawal 多反应器设施 Multi-reactor facility 絮凝池flocculation tank 预沉淀 n. presedimentation 处理池 Treatment tank 预沉淀池 presedimentation basin负荷 Load 固体接触池 solids-contact tank负荷 Loadings 澄清 n. clarification 3(过滤 n. filtration 水力负荷Hydrautic loading 滤池 n. filter v. clarify污染负荷 Pollutant load 澄清池 n. clarifier 慢滤池 slow filter 有机负荷 Organic load 高负荷澄清池 high rate clarifier 快滤池 rapid filter 无机负荷 Inorganic load 澄清水 clarifying water 高速(负荷)滤池 high rate filter 不含化肥、农药无机的 Unorganic 砂滤池 sand filter 周期性负荷 Periodic(intermitlent) loading 2(沉淀 n. sedimentation 慢砂滤池 slow sand filter 第五部分: 物化处理沉降 n. sedimentation 快砂滤池 rapid sand filter 1(混凝 n. coagulation 自由沉降 plain settling 重力滤池 gravity filter混凝过程 coagulation process 拥挤沉降 hindered settling 压力滤池pressure filter化学混凝 chemical coagulation 重力沉降 gravity settling 过滤介质，滤料 filter medium凝聚 n. aggregation 沉淀池 settling tank silica sand 石英砂絮凝 n. flocculation 沉淀池，沉降池 sedimentation tank 无烟煤 n. anthracite矩形沉淀池 rectangular settling tank 硅藻土 diatomaceous earth v. flocculate异向絮凝 perikinetic flocculation 圆形沉淀池 circular settling tank 煤—砂滤床 coal-sand beds同向絮凝 orthokinetic flocculation 管式沉淀池 tube settler 多层滤料multilayered media混凝剂 n. coagulant 斜管沉淀池 steeply inclined tube settler 混合滤料 mixed media混凝剂投量 coagulant dosage 板式沉淀池 parallel-plate settler 双层滤料滤池 dual media filter烧杯实验 jar test 双层滤池 two-layer filter 板式沉淀池 plate separator最佳混凝剂投量 optimum coagulant dosage 气浮 n. floatation 粗滤料coarse media助凝剂 coagulant aid 泡沫分离 foam separation 细滤料 fine media 助凝剂 flocculation aid 溶气气浮 dissolved-air floatation 助滤剂filter aid聚电解质 n. polyelectrolytes 气浮池 floatation tank 滤后水，滤出水filtered water快速混合 flash-mix , 表面撇渣装置 surface-skimming device 滤后水，滤池出水 filter effluent撇去 v. skim 滤前水，滤池进水 filter influent rapid-mix快速混合器 flash mixer , 浮渣 n. scum 浊度穿透 turbidity breakthrough浮渣槽 scum trough 过滤周期 filter cycle rapid mixer清洗周期 cleaning cycle 病毒 n. viruses v. inactivate刮砂法 scraping method 藻类 n. algae 接触时间 contact time表面刮砂 surface scraping 需氯量 chlorine demand 原生动物 n.protozoa反冲洗 backwashing 加氯量，投氯量 chlorine dosage ,水力反冲洗 hydraulic backwashing 5(氧化 n. oxidation appliedchlorine水力反冲洗 hydraulic backwash 自由氯，游离氯 free chlorine , 还原 n. reduction水力分级 hydraulic grading 氧化剂 n. oxidant free available chlorine 化合氯 combined chlorine 强氧化剂 strong oxidizing agent4(消毒 n. disinfection 剩余保护 residual protection 高级氧化法 (AOP) advanced oxidation process余氯 residual chlorine 高级氧化工艺 (AOP) advanced oxidation process v. disinfect消毒剂 n. disinfectant 余氯量 chlorine residual 高级氧化过程 (AOP) advanced oxidation process自由余氯 free residual chlorine 高级氧化技术 (AOT) disinfectionagent杀菌剂 n. germicide 自由氯余量 free chlorine residual advanced oxidation technology消毒过程 disinfection process 化合余氯 combined residual chlorine消毒副产物 disinfection by-products 化合氯余量 combined chlorine residuals 6(吸附 n. adsorption氯化 n. chlorination 折点氯化(法) breakpoint chlorination 活性炭 (AC) activated carbon折点氯化曲线 breakpoint chlorination curve 粉末炭 (PAC) powdered activated carbon v. chlorinate氯化水 chlorinated water 折点加氯量 breakpoint dosage 粒状炭 (GAC) granular activated carbon预氯化 n. prechlorination 氯折点 chlorine breakpoint 颗粒活性炭(GAC) granular activated carbon氯化消毒副产物 by压力钢瓶 pressured steel cylinder 活性炭纤维 (ACF) activated carbon fiber -products of chlorination化学消毒剂 chemical disinfectants 臭氧发生器 ozone generator 再生 n. regeneration液氯 liquid chlorine , 需臭氧量 ozone demand v. regenerate剩余臭氧量 ozone residual 吸附剂 n. adsorbent liquefied chlorine氯胺 n. chloramines 剩余臭氧 residual ozone 吸附质 n. adsorbate次氯酸盐 hypochlorites 吸附塔，吸附柱 adsorption column次氯酸钠 sodium hypochlorite 致病微生物，病源微生物吸附床adsorption bed二氧化氯 chlorine dioxide 空床接触时间 empty bed contact time pathogenic microorganisms病原体 n. pathogens 吸附带 mass transfer zone 臭氧 n. ozone臭氧化，臭氧消毒 n. ozonation 致病细菌或病毒 pathogenic bacteria or viruses 快速小柱试验 rapid small scale column test细菌 n. bacteria 臭氧化 v. ozonate 生物活性炭 (BAC) biological activated carbon紫外线 (UV) ultraviolet radiation (UV) 大肠杆菌 coliform bacteria 伽马射线 gamma radiation 阿米巴氏菌 amoebic cysts 7(离子交换 n. ion exchange孢子，芽孢 n. spores 灭活 n. inactivation 离子交换树脂 ion exchange resin离子交换器 ion exchanger 电解 n. electrolysis 底物(基质)利用substrate utilization离子交换柱 ion exchange column 电除盐 (EDI) n. electrodeionization 生物量 n. biomass硬度 n. hardness 吹脱、汽提法 n. stripping 生物反应 biological reaction除硬 hardness removal 生物氧化 biological oxidation软化 n. softening 冷却 n. cooling 生物降解 n. biodegradation冷却水 cooling water 生物降解性 n. biodegradability v. soften化学软化 chemical softening 冷却塔 cooling tower 生物可降解的，可生物降解的 a. biodegradable沉淀软化 precipitation softening 第六部分生物处理不可生物降解的 a. nonbiodegradable除盐，脱盐 n. desaltination 生物反应器 n. bioreactor 生物处理biological treatment微生物 n. microorganisms 废水生物处理 biological wastewater treatment v. desalt去矿化 n. demineralization 废水生物处理系统 biological wastewater treatment n. microbes微生物种群 microbial population v. demineralize system离子交换软化法 ion exchange softening process 混合群落 mixed communities 污水生物处理系统 biological sewage treatment 离子交换除盐法 ion exchange desalting process 细菌 n. bacteria system复床 combined bed 原生动物 n. protozoa 生物处理法 biological treatment process混合床 mixed bed 真菌 n. fungi 生物处理装置 biological treatment unit轮虫 n. rotifers 串联 in series8(膜分离 membrane separation 生长 n. growth 悬浮生长处理法suspended-growth treatment processes微滤 n. microfiltration 繁殖 n. reproduction 生物固体 biological solids超滤 n. hyperfiltration 世代时间 generation time 活性污泥 activated sludge纳滤 n. nanofiltration 生长速率 growth rates 附着生长处理法attached-growth treatment processes反渗透 reverse osmosis 环境因子 environmental factors 附着的微生物attached microbes渗透 n. osmosis 生态因子 ecological factors 微生物附着生长 attached microbial growth半透膜 semipermeable membrane 微生物生长动力学 microbial growth kinetics 生物膜 n. biofilm电渗析 n. electrodialysis 1. 迟滞期 lag phase渗析 n. dialysis 2. 对数生长期 exponential-growth phase 代谢 n. metabolism3. 减速生长期 decling growth phase v. metabolize9(其它处理方法稳定期 stationary phase 稳定，稳定化 n. stabilization 中和 n. neutralization 4. 内源呼吸阶段 endogenous stage v. stabilize 内源生长期 endogenous growth phase 生物代谢 biological metabolism v. neutralize酸性废水 acidic wastes 内源呼吸 endogenous respiration 微生物代谢microbial metabolism化学沉淀 chemical precipitation 好氧的 a. aerobic好氧菌 aerobic bacteria沉淀软化 precipitation softening 底物，基质 n. substrate好氧微生物 aerobic microorganisms 曝气池 aeration basin 非挥发性固体nonvolatile solids好氧氧化 aerobic oxidation 曝气池 aeration chamber 挥发性悬浮固体(VSS) volatile suspended solids厌氧的 a. anaerobic 完全混合曝气池 completely mixed aeration basin混合液 mixed liquor厌氧菌 anaerobic bacteria 活性污泥池 activated sludge tank 混合液悬浮固体 (MLSS) mixed liquor suspended厌氧氧化 anaerobic oxidation 曝气 n. aeration solids兼性的 a. facultative 混合 n. mixing 混合液挥发性悬浮固体 (MLVSS) mixed liquor volatile兼性菌 facultative bacteria 曝气系统 aeration system suspended solids好氧环境 aerobic environment 曝气器 n. aerator 污泥沉降比 (SV) settling velocity厌氧环境 anaerobic environment 压缩空气 compressed air 污泥容积指数(SVI) sludge volume index营养物 n. nutrients 空气压缩机，空压机 air compressor 比耗氧速率(SOUR) specific oxygen uptake rate无机营养物 inorganic nutrients 鼓风机，风机 n. blower营养物去除 nutrient removal 循环/切换 n. cycling/switchover 污泥龄sludge age营养物生物去除biological nutrient removal 扩散装置，扩散器 n. diffuser 曝气池容积 aeration tank volume脱氮除磷 nitrogen and phosphorus removal 空气扩散装置，空气扩散器air diffuser 曝气时间 aeration period生物硝化 biological nitrification 鼓泡空气扩散装置(扩散器) bubble air diffuser 曝气时间 aeration time硝化菌 nitrifying bacteria 微气泡扩散装置(扩散器) fine-bubble diffuser 水力停留时间 (HRT) hydraulic residence time 生物反硝化，生物脱氮 biological denitrification 扩散板 plate diffuser 水力负荷 hydraulic loading生物除磷 biological phosphorus removal 扩散管 tube diffuser BOD负荷BOD loading扩散罩 dome diffuser1(活性污泥法 activated sludge process 微气泡扩散曝气 fine-bubble diffused aeration 普通活性污泥法 conventional activated sludge process 微生物 n. microorganisms n. microbes 微气泡 fine-bubble 传统活性污泥法 conventional activated sludge process细菌 n. bacteria 大气泡 coarse-bubble 标准活性污泥法 standard activated sludge process生物絮体 biological floc 传统活性污泥厂 conventional activatedsludge plant 静态混合器 static mixer微生物絮体 microbial floc 机械曝气系统 mechanical aeration systems阶段曝气活性污泥step aeration activated sludge process活性污泥 activated sludge 机械曝气 mechanical aeration 分段 v. step 絮状活性污泥 flocculate-bacterial sludge 表面曝气 surface aeration进水负荷 influent load回流活性污泥 (RAS) returned activated sludge 表面曝气器 surface aerator 分段进水 step loading回流污泥 returned sludge 需氧量 oxygen demand 渐减 v. taper回流污泥 recycled sludge 供气量 air supply 渐减曝气 tapered aeration 剩余污泥 excess sludge 氧转移效率 oxygen tansfer efficiency 接触稳定活性污泥法废活性污泥 (WAS) waste activated sludge contact stabilization activated sludge process废污泥 waste sludge 可沉降固体 settleable solids 再曝气 n. reaeration曝气曝气池 aeration tank 挥发性固体 volatile solids —沉淀—再曝气进水阀 influent valve aeration-sedimentation-reaeration membrane biological reactor完全好氧处理法反应阶段 react phase 2(生物膜法沉淀阶段 settle phase complete aerobic treatment process高负荷(完全混合)活性污泥法清水，上清液 clear water 生物膜 n. biofilm上清液 n. supernatant 生物膜反应器 biofilm reactor high-rate (completely mixed) activated sludge process延时曝气活性污泥法排水阶段 draw phase 生物滤池 n. biofilter滗水阶段 decant phase 生物过滤 n. biofiltration extended aeration activated sludge process延时曝气法 extended aeration process 滗水装置 decant mechanism 旋转布水器 rotary sprinkler延时曝气 extended aeration 闲置阶段，待机阶段 idle phase 填料 n. packings氧化沟 oxidation ditch 塑料管状或蜂窝状填料 plastic tubular or 水平转刷 horizontal rotor 营养物去除 nutrient removal honeycomb-shaped packings转刷曝气 rotor aeration 营养物生物去除 biological nutrient removal滴滤池 trickling filter笼型转刷 caged rotor 碳源 carbon source 普通生物滤池 tricklingfilter吸附—生物降解工艺 (AB法) 硝化 n. nitrification 高负荷生物滤池 high-rate filter塔式生物滤池 tower biofilter adsorption-biodegradation process v. nitrify序批式活性污泥法 (SBR法) sequencing batch reactor 硝化菌 nitrifying bacteria 曝气生物滤池 (BAF) biological aerated filter (SBR) process、反硝化 n. denitrification序批式活性污泥法 (SBR法) sequential batch reactor 生物转盘法 biodisc process v. denitrify脱氮 n. denitrification 生物转盘 rotating biological contactor (SBR) processSBR法 SBR process 生物反硝化，生物脱氮生物转盘 n. biodisc序批式反应器 (SBR) sequencing batch reactor (SBR) 塑料盘片 plastic discs biological denitrification序批式反应器 (SBR) sequential batch reactor 缺氧—好氧脱氮工艺 (A/O 法) 轻质盘片 lightweight discs初沉 primary clarification 水平轴 horizontal shaft anoxic-oxic process 2 曝气 n. aeration 厌氧—缺氧—好氧法 (A/O法) 生物粘液biological slime二沉 secondary clarification 粘液层 slime layer anaerobic-anoxic-aerobic process初沉池 primary clarifier A-A-O法同步脱氮除磷工艺二沉池 secondary clarifier 生物流化床 biological fluidized bed anaerobic-anoxic-aerobic process泵送系统 pumping system 脱氮除磷 nitrogen and phosphorus removal biological fluidised bed活性污泥法 activated sludge process 厌氧氨氧化 (ANAMMOX) 生物流化床反应器 fluidized-bed bioreactor移动床生物膜反应器 (MBBR) 变体 n. variant anaerobic ammonium oxidationSBR运行周期 SBR cycle 生物除磷 biological phosphorus removal moving-bed biofilm reactor处理周期 process cycle进水阶段 fill phase 膜生物反应器 (MBR) 3(厌氧生物处理厌氧生化反应 anaerobic biochemical reaction发酵 n. fermentation 消化 n. digestion 厌氧分解 anaerobic decomposition厌氧分解 decompose anaerobically v. fermentate v. digest产酸细菌 n. acidogens 消化池 n. digestor 好氧稳定 aerobic stabilization产甲烷细菌 n. methanogens 厌氧消化 anaerobic digestion 细菌 n. bacteria产酸阶段 acidogenic phase 污泥消化 sludge digestion 藻类 n. algae产甲烷阶段 methanogenic phase 厌氧消化池 anaerobic digestor 微型植物microscopic plants水解 n. hydrolysis 厌氧接触法 anaerobic contact process 出流，出水effluent flow厌氧膨胀床反应器光合作用 n. photosynthesis v. hydrolysis产酸发酵 acidogenic fermentation anaerobic expanded-bed reactor 产氢产乙酸 H-producing acetogenesis 厌氧流化床反应器厌氧塘anaerobic pond 2产甲烷 methanogenesis 曝气塘 aerated pond anaerobic fluidized-bed reactor产酸菌 acid formers 厌氧生物转盘修饰塘 polishing pond产甲烷菌 methane formers , 熟化塘 maturation lagoon anaerobic rotating biological contactor深度处理塘 advanced treatment pond methane-forming bacteria有机酸 organic acids 4(自然生物处理系统三级处理塘 tertiary treatment pond挥发性脂肪酸 (VFAs) volatile fatty acids自然净化系统 natural purification system 土地处理工艺(过程) land treatment processes硫酸盐还原 sulfate reduction 稳定塘 stabilization ponds 关键因素critical factors硫酸盐还原菌 sulfate-reducing bacteria 土壤类型 soil type stabilization lagoons氧化塘 oxidation ponds 气候 n. climate上流式厌氧污泥床 (UASB) 土地处理系统 land treatment systems 土地处理系统 land treatment systems废水土地处理 land treatment of wastewater 慢速土地处理系统 upflow anaerobic sludge blanket上升流速 upflow velocity 净化过程 purification process slow rate land treatment system自然净化 natural purification 低负荷土地处理系统厌氧折流板反应器 (ABR) low-rate land treatment system污水塘 sewage lagoon 三级处理水平 tertiary treatment level anaerobic baffled reactor稳定塘 stabilization ponds 灌溉 n. irrigation两段或两级厌氧生物处理 two-stage anaerobic stabilization lagoons v. irrigate氧化塘 oxidation ponds 土壤的天然过滤和吸附性质 biotreatment两相厌氧生物处理 two-phase anaerobic biotreatment 好氧塘 aerobic pond natural filtration and adsorption properties of soil 产酸相 acidogenic phase 兼性塘 facultative pond 投配的废水 applied wastewater好氧生化反应垄—沟表面布水产甲烷相 methanogenic phase aerobic biochemical reaction浓缩的底流 thickened underflow ridge-and-furrow surface spreading 污泥减量 sludge volume reduction 浓缩污泥 thickened sludge 喷洒布水系统，喷灌布水系统 sprinkler systems快速渗滤土地处理系统 rapid infiltration land 污泥稳定化 sludge stabilization 出水 n. effluent上清液 n. supernatant treatment system渗滤—渗透土地处理 infiltration-percolation land (污泥)浓缩 n. thickening 溢流 v. overflow污泥浓缩 sludge thickening 堰 n. weir treatment快速渗滤 rapid infiltration 稳定，稳定化 n. stabilization 气浮浓缩floatation thickening快速渗滤法 rapid infiltration method 溶气气浮 dissolved-air floatation v. stabilize过滤作用 filtering action 稳定了的污泥 stabilized sludge 气浮池floatation tank吸附作用 adsorption action 调理(调节) n. conditioning 入流污泥influent sludge地表漫流土地处理系统污泥絮体 sludge flocs v. condition脱水 n. dewatering 撇去 v. skim overland flow land treatment system 地表漫流 overland flow 漂浮污泥层 floating sludge layer v. dewater 径流集水沟 runoff collection ditch 干化 n. drying物理、化学和生物过程污泥干化场 sludge drying bed 污泥消化 sludge digestion污泥干燥 heat drying 消化池 n. digester physical , chemical , and biological processes湿地 n. wetland 干燥器 n. dryer 消化池装置 digester unit天然湿地 natural wetland 污泥焚烧，污泥焚化 n. incineration 消化 n. digestion人工湿地 constructed wetland 焚烧炉，焚化炉 n. incinerator v. digest 有机固体 organic solids man-made wetland污泥浓缩 sludge thickening 生化分解 biochemical decomposition第七部分:污泥处理、处置与利用物理过程 physical process 好氧消化aerobic digestion污泥 n. sludge 含水过多的污泥 watery sludge 好氧污泥消化 aerobic sludge digestion生活污水污泥 sewage sludge 稀污泥 thin sludge 好氧消化过程 aerobic digestion process污泥体积，污泥量 sludge volume 处理装置 treatment unit 活性污泥池activated sludge tank原污泥，生污泥 raw sludge 浓缩池 n. thickener 预制的(成套)活性污泥处理系统新鲜污泥，生污泥 fresh sludge 重力浓缩 gravity thickening prefabricated (package) activated sludge treatment消化污泥，熟污泥 digested sludge 重力浓缩池 gravity thickener systems混合污泥 mixed sludge 圆形污水沉淀池预制的接触稳定或污泥处理 sludge treatment circular sewage sedimentation tank prefabricated contact stabilization or污泥处置 sludge disposal 刮泥机 sludge scraper 延时曝气处理系统最终处置 ultimate disposal 搅拌作用 stirring action extended aeration treatment systems填埋 n. landfill 底流 n. underflow BOD负荷 BOD loading细胞物质 cellular mass 废水回用 wastewater reuse 冷却塔水 cooling tower water内源衰亡 endogenous decay 直接回用 direct reuse 选择性处理 optional treatment直接废水回用 direct wastewater reuse 水费 water costs厌氧消化 anaerobic digestion 间接回用 indirect reuse 回用的城市污水厌氧污泥消化 anaerobic sludge digestion 间接废水回用 indirect wastewater reuse reclaimed municipal wastewater 有盖的圆形池 covered circular tank 出水处理 effluent treatment 工业过程 industrial processes 消化过程 digestion process 回用水 reclaimed water 冷却水 cooling water 厌氧消化过程 anaerobic digestion process 排放 n. , v. discharge 锅炉给水boiler feedwater 生化反应 biochemical reactions 保留 n. retention 灌溉回用 irrigation reuse 有机酸 organic acids 循环 n. recycling 废水直接灌溉direct irrigation with wastewater 挥发性脂肪酸 (VFAs) volatile fatty acids 低负荷土地处理系统 low-rate land treatment system v. recycle 甲烷气 methane gas 部分处理 n. partial treatment 间接灌溉回用indirect reuse for irrigation 末端产物 end product 最终用途 end use 废水排放 wastewater discharge 指示剂 n. indicator 城市污水回用 municipal wastewater reuse 雨水回用 storm water reuse 污泥消化池气体 sludge digester gas 灌溉 n. irrigation 可回用水 reusable water 污泥沉淀 sludge settling 景观灌溉 landscape irrigation Part ?: 第九部分:污泥储存 sludge storage 地下水回灌 groundwater recharge 投资成本，投资费(用) capital costs 消化污泥 digested sludge 建设成本，建设费(用) construction costs充分消化的污泥 well-digested sludge 市政回用 municipal reuse 运行成本，运行费(用) operating costs 消化池上清液 digester supernatant 直接市政回用 direct municipal reuse 能耗成本 energy costs 中温消化 mesophilic digestion 深度处理，高级处理 advanced treatment 运行维护 operation and maintenance 高温消化 thermophilic degestion 分质供水系统 dual-distribution system 运行控制 operational control间接市政回用 indirect municipal reuse 控制系统 control system污泥脱水 sludge dewatering 供水系统，给水系统 water supply system 仪表/控制系统混合堆肥 co-composting 取水口 n. intake instrumentation/control system天然同化能力 natural assimilative capacity 自动控制系统，自控系统污泥处理总成本overall sludge-handling costs 人工回灌 artificial recharge automatic control system深井注射 deep-well injection第八部分:废水回用浅表布水 shallow surface spreading地表水资源 surface water resource 渗透 n. percolation地下水资源 groundwater resource 工业回用 industrial reuse水短缺 water scarcity 工艺废水，过程废水 process wastewaters回用 n. , v. reuse 工艺补充水，过程补充水 plant process makeup water。
给水排水专业英语翻译(全)
《给水排水专业英语》译文：（第一课）给水工程我们知道，水的供应对生命的生存至关重要。
人类需要喝水，动物需要喝水，植物也需要喝水。
社会的基本功能需要水：公共卫生设施的冲洗，工业生产过程耗水，电能生产过程的冷却用水。
在这里，我们从两方面讨论水的供给：）1、地下水供给2、地表水供给地下水是通过打井而得到的重要直接供水水源，也是一种重要的间接供水水源，因为地表溪流（或小河）会经常得到地下水的补给。
在靠近地表的通气层中，土壤孔隙内同时包含着空气和水。
这一地层，其厚度在沼泽地可能为零，在山区则可能厚达数百英尺，蕴涵三种类型的水分。
重力水，是在暴雨过后进入较大的土壤孔隙中的水。
毛细水是在毛细作用下进入较小的土壤孔隙中的水，它能够被植物吸收。
吸湿水是在不是最干燥的气候条件下由于分子间引力而被土壤稳定下来的水。
地表通气层的湿气是不能通过凿井方式作为供水水源的。
位于通气层以下的饱和层，土壤孔隙中充满着水，这就是我们通常所说的地下水。
包含大量地下水的地层称为含水层。
通气层和含水层之间的水面称为地下水位或浅层地下水面，地下水静压力与大气压力相等。
含水层可延伸相当深度）, but because the weight of overburden material generally closes pore spaces（但因为地层负荷过重会压缩（封闭、关闭）土壤孔隙，深度超过600m，即2000英寸，就基本找不到地下水了。
能够含水层中自由流出的水量称为单位产水量。
The flow of water out of a soil can be illustrated using Figure 1（土壤中水流如图1所示）. The flow rate must be proportional to the area through which flow occurs times the velocity（流量与流水面积成比例，流经该土壤面积的流量等于面积与速率成的乘积）, orQ=AvWhere（此式中）Q=flow rate , in m3/sec（流量，单位为m3/s）【cubic meter per second】A=area of porous material through which flow occurs, in m2（渗透性土壤的流水断面，单位为m2）v=superficial velocity, in m/sec（表观流速（表面流速），单位为m/s）表观流速当然不是水在土壤中流动的真实速度，因为土壤固体颗粒所占据的体积大大地降低了水流通过的空间。
给排水专业英语汇总88209
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A MVr彳..................UNIT 1给水工程water supply engin eeri ng 排水工程sewetage engin eeri ng市政工程civil engin eeri ng市政工程师civil engin eer 环境工程environmen tai engin eeri ng水文学hydrology 水力学h ydra nlies水环境n atural aquatic environment 流域watershed 水体waterbody 地表水surface water 新鲜水freshwater 地下水groun dwater含水层aquifer 天然含水层n atural aquifer地下含水层un dergr ound aquifer 水文循环n atural hydrologic cycle 渗滤in filtrati on降水precipitati on渗入precolatio n蒸发evaporati on蒸腾tran spiratio n城市水文循环urba n hydrologic cycle 水源water source水资源water resource 取水water withdrawal水处理water treatme nt酉己水water distributi on用水water use污水wastewater废水abwasser废水收集wastewater collecti on废水处理wastewater disposal受纳水体receivi ng waters污染polluti on pollute 污染物poll ntant玷污、污染con tam in ati on致污物con tam inant未污染uncon tam in ated 水污染waterpolluti on 水污染控制water pollutioncontrol水污染防治water polluti on preve ntio n 污水回用wastewater reuseUNIT 2水短缺water scarcity 地表水资源surfacewater resource管网Pipe Network供水系统water supply system市政配水系统muni cipal distributi on system建筑给水系统house water supply system 分区供水系统dual distribution system小区micro district 小社区small commu nity冷水供水系统cold water supply system热水供水系统hot water supply system消防系统fire protectio n system喷淋系统fire protecti on spri nkler system 自动水幕系统automatic dren cher system 半自动水幕系统semi automatic dren cher system 消火栓hydra nt排水系统drain age system生活排水系统sani tary system工业排水系统in dustrial system雨水排水系统stormwater system合流制comb ined sewers分流制separate sewers建筑排水系统buildi ng drain age system 卫生洁具plumbi ng fixtures卫浴设备bathroom fixtures输水系统water tran smissi on system漏水率leakage rate 配己水系统waterdistributi on system 环状管网grid system支状管网branching system下水管道san itary sewer污水节流管in tercepti ng sewer污水节流系统in tercept ing sewersystem污水节流井sewage in tercept ing cell支管collect ion sewer collector sewer生活污水san itary sewagedomestic sewagedomestic wastewater 工业污水in dustrial wastewater工业污水/ 液/物in dustrial wastes 农业用水agricultural wastewater/wastes雨水rai nwater stormwater水位waterlevel 海拔、标高elevati on坡度grade 倾斜度slope 明渠Open channel开挖excavati on深度excavati on depth水力分析hydraulic an alysis水头pressure head总水头total headUnit 3 水头损失Head loss速度头动压头Velocity head静压Static head摩擦水头Friction head水力坡度线Hydra nlic grade li重力流Gravity flow水塔Water castle贮水箱Cistern泵站Pump stati on给水泵站Water pump statio n 污水泵站Sewage stati on提升泵站Lift pump ing pla nt 增压泵Booster pump离心泵Cen trifugal pump潜水泵Submer sible pump潜水艇Submeri ne深井泵Well pump虹吸虹吸管Siphon人孔Ma nhole法兰Fla nge阀门Valve闸阀Gate valve泵送系统Pump ing system流量Flow rate流速Fluid velocity........ 旳 A vuVr 彳..层流Lam inar flow滞流粘性流viscous flow 过渡流Tran siti onal flow 湍流Turbule nt flow紊流Turbule nee flow涡流Eddyi ng flow雷诺数Teyno Ids nu mber水质Water guality水源Water sources供水水源Water supples原水Raw water 未处理水Un treated water出水Fini shed water原水水质Raw-water quality水质标准Water quality sta ndards水质要求Water quality requireme nts饮用水Drink water\potable water自来水Tap water纯水Pure water 饮用水标准Drinking water standards饮用水一级标Primary drinking water sta ndards 最大允许浓度Maxmum permissible levelsmaxmum allowable levels 最大污染物浓度Maxmum con tami nant levels主要污染物Primary con tam inants有机化合物Orga nic chemicals合成有机化合物Syn thetic organic chemicals挥发性有机化合物Volatile orga nic ohemicals无机化合物Inorganic chemical微生物Micro orga ni sms\microbes 微生物污染Microbial co ntami nants病原微生物Pathoge nic micro organi sms病原体Pathoge nic 病毒Pathoge nic bacteri n细菌Bacteria大肠杆菌Coliform bacteria病毒Viruses藻类Algae浊度Turbidity放射性Radio nuclide感官性状Esthetic qualities审美Esthetic味Taste嗅Odo色Colour变色Discolourati on变色Discolor水质物理参数Physical parameters of water quality水的物理性质Physical quality of water浊度值Turbidity values浊度单位Turdidity un it浑浊单位Turdid嗅阈值Threshold odor nu mber化学性质Chemical quality水质化学参数Chemical parameters of water quality 溶解氧Dissolved oxygen (DO)溶解氧浓度Do level溶解氧平衡Do bala nee氧损Oxyge n depleti on有机污染物Orga nic polluta nt生化需氧量Biochemicaloxygen dema nd (BOD)总氮Total nitroge n (TN)总凯式氮Total Kjeldahl nitroge n (TKN)悬浮固体Suspe nded solids (SS)总悬浮固体Total suspe nded solids (TSS)溶解Dissolved (DS)总溶解Total dissolved (TDS)Unit 4溶解的铁和锰Dissolved iron and mangan ese硬度Hard ness碱度Alkali nity盐度Sali nity有害物质Toxic and hazardous materials氰化物Cya ni des急性毒性Acute toxity慢性毒性Chro nic toxity基因毒性Ge netic toxicity基因Ge ne难降解有机化合物Refractory orga nic chemicals 永久性有机污染物Persiste nt orga nic polluta nts 致癌化学性Carcinogenic chemicals三卤甲烷Trihalo metha nes卤素Haloge n甲基Methyl氯仿Trichlorometha ne三氯甲烷Chloroform杀虫剂农药Pesticide 害虫Pest杀虫剂In secticide除草剂Herbicide杀菌剂Germicide细菌Germ防腐剂Preservative ......... 旳A vuVr彳…保证Preserve清洗剂Clea ning age nt洗涤剂Deterge nt发泡剂Foam ing age nt泡沫Foam 化肥Fertilizer 肥沃的Fertile富营养化Eutrophicati on 营养的Trophic营养水平Trophic level生态位NicheUnit 5原污水Raw sewage原废水Raw wastes处理水Treated wastes 回用水Redaimed water 水处理过程Water process ing收集Collect 处置Dispose 处理方法Treatme ntmethod处理费用Treatme nt costs处理单元Treatme nt process运行模式Operati onal mode间歇处理方式Batch treatme nt approach均匀均化Equalization均匀Equalize 调蓄水池Equalizati on storage调节池Equalizati on tank蓄水池Storage tank 降解Degrade 分解Decompose分离Separate 隔离Separati on 物理法Physicalprocess 物理处理Physical treatme nt物理处理过程Physical treatme nt process一级处理Primary treatme nt初步处理Prelimi nary treatme nt格栅筛滤Screening格栅Screen 格栅Bar scree n栅条Bars 钢栅条Steel bars 渣耙Clea ning rakes圆形破碎机Circular grin der破碎Grind 除砂Degritt ing砂Grit 沙Sa nd 除砂Grit removal 沉砂池Gritchamber 沉淀Settli ng 沉淀池Settli ng tank澄清池Clarifier 初澄清池Primary clarifier初沉池Primary settli ng tank一级出水Primary efflue nt二级处理Secondary treatme nt二级处理工艺Secondary treatme nt process生物处理Biological treatme nt二澄清池Secon dary clarifier二沉池Secon dary settli ng tank最终澄清池Fi nal clarifier最终沉淀池Fi nal settli ng tank二级出水Seco ndary efflue nt三级处理Tertiary treatme nt深度处理Adva need treatme nt废水消毒Waste disi nfectio n出流出水Effluent flow允许浓度Allowable levels优异出水High-quality polished efflue nt废水处理厂Wastewater treatme nt pla nt污水处理厂Sewage treatme nt pla nt二级处理厂Secondary treatme nt pla nt城市污水处理Muni cipal wastewater treatme nt市政工程Muni cipal engin eeri ng土木工程Civil engin eeri ng城市污水处理厂Mun icipal wastewater treatme nt pla nt 污水处理能力Sewage treatme nt capacity电容Capacita nee 污水处理设施Mun icipal treatment facilities多反应器设施Multi-reactor facility处理池Treatme nt tank负荷Load负荷Load ings水力负荷Hydrautic load ing污染负荷Polluta nt load有机负荷Orga nic load无机负荷Inorganic load不含化肥、农药无机的Un orga nic周期性负荷Periodic(intermitlent) loading ......... 旳 A vuVr 彳... 第五部分：物化处理1 .混凝n. coagulati on混凝过程coagulati on process化学混凝chemical coagulati on凝聚n. aggregati on絮凝n. flocculationv. flocculate异向絮凝perik in etic flocculati on同向絮凝orthok in etic flocculati on 混凝剂n. coagula nt 混凝剂投量coagula nt dosage烧杯实验jar test最佳混凝剂投量optimum coagula nt dosage 助凝剂coagula nt aid 助凝剂flocculation aid 聚电解质n. polyelectrolytes 快速混合flash-mix , rapid-mix 快速混合器f lash mixer ,rapid mixer 混合池mixer tank 快速混合池flash-mix tank絮凝器n. flocculator 絮凝池flocculation tank固体接触池solids-co ntact tank 澄清n. clarificati onv. clarify澄清池n. clarifier高负荷澄清池high rate clarifier澄清水clarify ing water 2. 沉淀n. sedime ntati on 沉降n. sedime ntati on 自由沉降plain settli ng 拥挤沉降hi ndered settli ng重力沉降gravity settli ng沉淀池settli ng tank沉淀池，沉降池sedime ntati on tank 矩形沉淀池rectan gular settli ng tank圆形沉淀池circular settli ng tank管式沉淀池tube settler斜管沉淀池steeply inclined tube settler 板式沉淀池parallel-plate settler板式沉淀池plate separator气浮n. floatati on泡沫分离foam separati on溶气气浮dissolved-air floatati on气浮池floatation tank表面撇渣装置surface-skim ming device撇去v. skim浮渣n. scum浮渣槽scum trough刮泥机sludge scraper 排泥sludge drawoffsludge withdrawal预沉淀n. presedime ntati on预沉淀池presedime ntati on bas in3. 过滤n. filtration滤池n. filter慢滤池slow filter快滤池rapid filter高速（负荷）滤池high rate filter 砂滤池sand filter慢砂滤池slow sand filter快砂滤池rapid sand filter重力滤池gravity filter压力滤池pressure filter过滤介质,滤料filter medium石英砂silica sand无烟煤n. an thracite 硅藻土diatomaceous earth 煤一砂滤床coal-sa nd beds 多层滤料multilayeredmedia 混合滤料mixed media双层滤料滤池dual media filter 双层滤池two-layer filter 粗滤料coarse media 纟田滤料fine media助滤剂filter aid滤后水，滤出水filtered water 滤后水，滤池出水filter efflue nt 滤前水，滤池进水filter in flue nt浊度穿透turbidity breakthrough过滤周期filter cycle清洗周期clea ning cycle刮砂法scrap ing method表面刮砂surface scrap ing反冲洗backwash ing水力反冲洗hydraulic backwash ing水力反冲洗hydraulic backwash水力分级hydraulic grad ing4. 消毒n. dis in fecti onv. disi nfect 消毒剂n. dis infectantdis infection age nt 杀菌齐U n. germicide消毒过程dis in fecti on process消毒副产物dis infection by-products氯化n. chlori nati onv. chlori nate 氯化水chlori nated water预氯化n. prechlori nati on氯化消毒副产物by-products of chlori nation化学消毒剂chemical dis infectants液氯liquid chlori ne ,liquefied chlori ne 氯胺n. chloram ines 次氯酸盐hypochlorites次氯酸钠sodium hypochlorite二氧化氯chlori ne dioxide臭氧n. ozone 臭氧化，臭氧消毒n. ozon ati on臭氧化v. ozon ate 紫外线(UV) ultravioletradiation (UV)伽马射线gamma radiati on 灭活n. in activati onv. in activate接触时间con tact time需氯量chlori ne dema nd力口氯量，投氯量chlori ne dosage ,applied chlori ne自由氯，游离氯free chlori ne ,化合氯comb ined chlori ne剩余保护residual protect ion余氯residual chlori ne 余氯量c hlori ne residual自由余氯free residual chlori ne 自由氯余量freechlori ne residual化合余氯comb ined residual chlori ne化合氯余量comb ined chlori ne residuals折点氯化(法) breakpo int chlori nati on折点氯化曲线breakpo int chlori nati on curve折点加氯量breakpo int dosage氯折点chlori ne breakpo int压力钢瓶pressured steel cyli nder臭氧发生器ozone gen erator需臭氧量ozone dema nd剩余臭氧量ozone residual剩余臭氧residual ozone致病微生物，病源微生物pathoge nic microorga ni sms病原体n. pathoge ns致病细菌或病毒pathoge nic bacteria or viruses纟田菌n. bacteria大肠杆菌coliform bacteria阿米巴氏菌amoebic cysts孢子，芽孢n. spores病毒n. viruses藻类n. algae原生动物n. protozoa5. 氧化n. oxidati on还原n. reductio n氧化齐U n. oxida nt强氧化剂strong oxidiz ing age nt高级氧化法(AOP) adva need oxidati on process 高级氧化工艺(AOP) adva need oxidati on process 高级氧化过程(AOP) adva need oxidati on process 高级氧化技术(AOT)adva need oxidati on tech no logy6.吸附n. adsorpti on活性炭(AC) activated carb on粉末炭(PAC) powdered activated carbon粒状炭(GAC) granu lar activated carbonfree available chlori ne颗粒活性炭(GAC) granular activated carbon 活性炭纤维(ACF) activated carbon fiber 再生n. rege nerati on v. rege nerate吸附剂n. adsorbe nt吸附质n. adsorbate吸附塔，吸附柱adsorption colu mn吸附床adsorpti on bed空床接触时间empty bed con tact time吸附带mass tran sfer zone快速小柱试验rapid small scale colu mn test生物活性炭(BAC) biological activated carbon7. 离子交换n. ion excha nge离子交换树脂ion excha nge resin离子交换器ion excha nger离子交换柱ion excha nge colu mn硬度n. hard ness除硬hard ness removal 软化n. softe ningv. softe n化学软化chemical softe ning沉淀软化precipitati on softe ning除盐，脱盐n. desalt in atio n v. desalt 去矿化n. dem in eralizati onv. demi neralize离子交换软化法ion excha nge softe ning process离子交换除盐法ion excha nge desalt ing process 复床comb ined bed 混合床mixed bed8. 膜分离membra ne separati on微滤n. microfiltrati on超滤n. hyperfiltrati on纟纳滤n. nano filtrati on反渗透reverse osmosis渗透n. osmosis半透膜semipermeable membra ne电渗析n. electrodialysis渗析n. dialysis9. 其它处理方法中禾口n. n eutralizati onv. n eutralize酸性废水acidic wastes化学沉淀chemical precipitati on沉淀软化precipitati on softe ning电解n. electrolysis电除盐(EDI) n. electrodeionization吹脱、汽提法n. strippi ng冷去卩n. cooli ng冷去卩水c ooli ng water冷去卩塔c ooli ng tower第六部分生物处理生物反应器n. bioreactor微生物n. microorga ni smsn. microbes 微生物种群microbial population混合群落mixed com mun ities纟田菌n. bacteria原生动物n. protozoa真菌n. fungi轮虫n. rotifers生长n. growth繁殖n. reproduct ion世代时间gen erati on time生长速率growth rates环境因子environmen tal factors生态因子ecological factors微生物生长动力学microbial growth kin etics1. 迟滞期lag phase2. 对数生长期exp onen tial-growth phase3. 减速生长期decli ng growth phase稳定期stati onary phase4. 内源呼吸阶段en doge nous stage内源生长期en doge nous growth phase内源呼吸en doge nous respirati on微生物代谢 microbial metabolism 好氧的 a. aerobic 好氧菌 aerobic bacteria 好氧微生物 aerobic microorga ni sms 好氧氧化aerobic oxidati on厌氧的 a. an aerobic 厌氧菌 an aerobic bacteria 厌氧氧化an aerobic oxidati on兼性的 a. facultative 兼性菌 facultative bacteria 好氧环境 aerobic environment 厌氧环境 an aerobic environment 营养物 n. n utrie nts无机营养物 inorganic nu trie nts 营养物去除 nutrie nt removal营养物生物去除 biological n utrie nt removal脱氮除磷 n itroge n and phosphorus removal 生物硝化 biological nitrificati on 硝化菌 n itrify ing bacteria生物反硝化，生物脱氮biological den itrificati on生物除磷biological phosphorus removal1 .活性污泥法 activated sludge process微生物 n. microorga ni sms n. microbes 纟田菌 n. bacteria生物絮体 biological floc 微生物絮体 microbial floc 活性污泥activated sludge絮状活性污泥 flocculate-bacterial sludge回流活性污泥（RAS ） returned activated sludge回流污泥 returned sludge 回流污泥 recycled sludge 剩余污泥 excess sludge底物，基质 n. substrate底物（基质）利用 substrate utilization 生物量 n. biomass 生物反应 biological reaction 生物氧化biological oxidatio n生物降解 n. biodegradati on 生物降解性 n. biodegradability 生物可降解的，可生物降解的 a. biodegradable不可生物降解的 a. non biodegradable生物处理 biological treatme nt废水生物处理 biological wastewater treatme nt废水生物处理系统 biological wastewater treatmentsystem污水生物处理系统 biological sewage treatment system 生物处理法biological treatme nt process生物处理装置 biological treatme nt unit串联 in series悬浮生长处理法 suspe nded-growth treatme nt processes 生物固体 biological solids 活性污泥activated sludge附着生长处理法 attached-growth treatme nt processes 附着的微生物 attached microbes微生物附着生长 attached microbial growth生物膜 n. biofilm 代谢 n. metabolism v. metabolize稳定，稳定化 n. stabilizati on v. stabilize 生物代谢biological metabolism废活性污泥（WAS） waste activated sludge 废污泥waste sludge曝气池aerati on tank曝气池aerati onbas in曝气池aerati on chamber完全混合曝气池completely mixed aerati on bas in活性污泥池activated sludge tank曝气n. aerati on混合n. mixi ng曝气系统aerati on system曝气器n. aerator压缩空气compressed air空气压缩机，空压机air compressor 鼓风机，风机n. blower 循环/ 切换n. cycli ng/switchover 扩散装置，扩散器n. diffuser空气扩散装置，空气扩散器鼓泡空气扩散装置（扩散器）微气泡扩散装置（扩散器）扩散板plate diffuser 扩散管tube diffuser 扩散罩domediffuser微气泡扩散曝气fin e-bubble diffused aeration 微气泡fin e-bubble大气泡coarse-bubble静态混合器static mixer机械曝气系统mecha ni cal aeratio n systems机械曝气mecha nical aerati on表面曝气surface aerati on air diffuserbubble air diffuser fin e-bubble diffuser表面曝气器surface aerator需氧量oxyge n dema nd供气量air supply氧转移效率oxyge n tansfer efficie ncy可沉降固体settleable solids挥发性固体volatile solids非挥发性固体non volatile solids挥发性悬浮固体（VSS） volatile suspe nded solids混合液mixed liquor混合液悬浮固体（MLSS） mixed liquor suspended solids混合液挥发性悬浮固体（MLVSS） mixed liquor volatile suspe nded solids污泥沉降比（SV）settli ng velocity污泥容积指数（SVI）sludge volume in dex比耗氧速率（SOUR） specific oxygen uptake rate污泥龄sludge age曝气池容积aerati on tank volume曝气时间aerati on period曝气时间aerati on time水力停留时间（HRT） hydraulic reside nee time 水力负荷hydraulic loadi ngBOD 负荷BOD loadingconven ti onal activated sludge processconven ti onal activated sludge processsta ndard activated sludge processconven ti onal activated sludge pla ntstep aerati on activated sludge process分段v. step进水负荷in flue nt load分段进水step loadi ng渐减v. taper渐减曝气tapered aerati on接触稳定活性污泥法con tact stabilizati on activated sludge process再曝气n. reaerati on曝气一沉淀一再曝气aeratio n-sedime ntati on-reaerati on完全好氧处理法complete aerobic treatme nt process高负荷（完全混合）活性污泥法high-rate （completely mixed） activated sludge process 延时曝气活性污泥法exte nded aerati on activated sludge process 延时曝气法exte nded aeratio n process延时曝气exte nded aerati on 氧化沟oxidati on ditch 水平转刷horiz on tal rotor转刷曝气rotor aerati on笼型转刷caged rotor 吸附一生物降解工艺（AB法）adsorpti on-biodegradati on process序批式活性污泥法（SBR 法）sequencing batch reactor （SBR） process、序批式活性污泥法（SBR 法）sequential batch reactor （SBR） processSBR 法SBR process序批式反应器（SBR） seque ncing batch reactor （SBR）序批式反应器（SBR）seque ntial batch reactor普通活性污泥法传统活性污泥法标准活性污泥法传统活性污泥厂阶段曝气活性污泥初沉primary clarificati on曝气n. aerati on二沉sec on dary clarificati on初沉池primary clarifier二沉池sec on dary clarifier泵送系统pump ing system活性污泥法activated sludge process 变体n. varia ntSBR运行周期SBR cycle处理周期process cycle进水阶段fill phase进水阀in flue nt valve 反应阶段react phase 沉淀阶段settle phase清水，上清液clear water 上清液n. super nata nt排水阶段draw phase滗水阶段deca nt phase滗水装置deca nt mecha nism闲置阶段，待机阶段idle phase营养物去除nu trie nt removal营养物生物去除biological n utrie nt removal碳源carb on source硝化n. n itrificati onv. n itrify硝化菌n itrify ing bacteria反硝化n. den itrificati onv. den itrify脱氮n. den itrificati on生物反硝化，生物脱氮biological den itrificati on缺氧一好氧脱氮工艺 (A/0法)ano xic-oxic process厌氧一缺氧一好氧法(A 2/O法 an aerobic-a no xic-aerobic processA-A-0法同步脱氮除磷工艺an aerobic-a no xic-aerobic process脱氮除磷 n itroge n and phosphorus removal 厌氧氨氧化 (ANAMMOX)an aerobic ammonium oxidati on生物除磷 biological phosphorus removal 膜生物反应器 (MBR)membra ne biological reactor2.生物膜法 硫酸盐还原 sulfate reduction硫酸盐还原菌sulfate-reduc ing bacteria上流式厌氧污泥床(UASB)upflow an aerobic sludge bla nket 上升流速upflow velocity厌氧折流板反应器(ABR)an aerobic baffled reactor两段或两级厌氧生物处理 two-stage an aerobic biotreatme nt 两相厌氧生物处理 two-phase an aerobic biotreatme nt产酸相 acidoge nic phase产甲烷相metha nogenic phase消化 n. digesti on v. digest 消化池 n. digestor 厌氧消化an aerobic digesti on污泥消化 sludge digestio n 厌氧消化池 an aerobic digestor 厌氧接触法an aerobic contact process厌氧膨胀床反应器an aerobic expa nded-bed reactor 厌氧流化床反应器an aerobic fluidized-bed reactor 厌氧生物转盘an aerobic rotati ng biological con tactor生物膜 n. biofilm 生物膜反应器 biofilm reactor 生物滤池 n. biofilter 生物过滤 n. biofiltratio n 旋转布水器rotary spri nkler填料 n. pack ings塑料管状或蜂窝状填料 plastic tubular or hon eycomb-shaped pack ings 生物转盘 n. biodisc 塑料盘片plastic discs )轻质盘片lightweight discs 水平轴 horizo ntal shaft生物粘液 biological slime 粘液层 slime layer生物流化床 biological fluidized bed biological fluidised bed 生物流化床反应器 fluidized-bed bioreactor移动床生物膜反应器(MBBR)movin g-bed biofilm reactor3.厌氧生物处理 发酵 n. ferme ntatio n v. ferme ntate 产酸细菌 n. acidoge ns 产甲烷细菌 n. metha nogens 产酸阶段 acidoge nic phase 产甲烷阶段 metha nogenic phase水解 n. hydrolysis v. hydrolysis产酸发酵 acidoge nic ferme ntati on 产氢产乙酸 H 2-produc ing acetoge nesis产甲烷 metha nogen esis 产酸菌acid formers产甲烷菌 metha ne formers , metha ne-form ing bacteria 有机酸 orga nic acids挥发性脂肪酸 (VFAs) volatile fatty acids滴滤池trickli ng filter普通牛物滤池 trickling filter 高负荷生物滤池 high-rate filter 塔式生物滤池tower biofilter曝气生物滤池 (BAF)biological aerated filter生物转盘法 biodisc process 生物转盘 rotati ng biological con tactor4.自然生物处理系统自然净化系统n atural purificati on system 稳定塘stabilizati on pondsstabilizati on Iago ons氧化塘oxidati on ponds土地处理系统land treatme nt systems废水土地处理land treatme nt of wastewater净化过程purificatio n process自然净化n atural purificati on污水塘sewage lago on稳定塘stabilizati on pondsstabilizati on Iago ons氧化塘oxidati on ponds好氧塘aerobic pond兼性塘facultative pond好氧生化反应aerobic biochemical reacti on 厌氧生化反应an aerobic biochemical reaction 厌氧分解an aerobic decompositi on厌氧分解decompose an aerobically好氧稳定aerobic stabilizati on纟田菌n. bacteria藻类n. algae微型植物microscopic pla nts出流，出水efflue nt flow光合作用n. photos yn thesis厌氧塘an aerobic pond曝气塘aerated pond修饰塘polish ing pond熟化塘maturatio n Iago on三级处理塘tertiary treatme nt pond土地处理工艺（过程）land treatme nt processes关键因素critical factors土壤类型soil type气候n. climate土地处理系统land treatme nt systems慢速土地处理系统slow rate land treatme nt system低负荷土地处理系统low-rate land treatme nt system三级处理水平tertiary treatme nt level灌溉n. irrigati onv. irrigate土壤的天然过滤和吸附性质natural filtration and adsorption properties of soil投配的废水applied wastewater垄一沟表面布水ridge-a nd-furrow surface spreadi ng喷洒布水系统，喷灌布水系统sprin kler systems快速渗滤土地处理系统rapid infiltration landtreatme nt system渗滤一渗透土地处理in filtratio n-percolatio n landtreatme nt快速渗滤rapid in filtration快速渗滤法rapid in filtrati on method过滤作用filteri ng action吸附作用adsorptio n acti on地表漫流土地处理系统overla nd flow land treatme nt system地表漫流overla nd flow径流集水沟runoff collectio n ditch物理、化学和生物过程physical , chemical , and biological processes湿地n. wetla nd天然湿地n atural wetla nd人工湿地con structed wetla ndman-made wetla nd第七部分：污泥处理、处置与利用污泥n. sludge生活污水污泥sewage sludge污泥体积，污泥量原污泥，生污泥新鲜污泥，生污泥消化污泥，熟污泥sludge volumeraw sludgefresh sludgedigested sludge混合污泥mixed sludge污泥处理sludge treatme nt污泥处置sludge disposal最终处置ultimate disposal填埋n. Ian dfill污泥减量sludge volume reducti on污泥稳定化sludge stabilizati on（污泥）浓缩n. thicke ning污泥浓缩sludge thicke ning稳定，稳定化n. stabilizati onv. stabilize稳定了的污泥stabilized sludge调理（调节）n. con diti oningv. con diti on深度处理塘adva need treatme nt pond脱水n. dewateri ngv. dewater干化n. drying污泥干化场sludge drying bed 污泥干燥heat drying干燥器n. dryer污泥焚烧，污泥焚化n. incin eratio n焚烧炉，焚化炉n. in ci nerator污泥浓缩sludge thicke ning物理过程physical process 含水过多的污泥watery sludge稀污泥thin sludge 处理装置treatme nt un it浓缩池n. thicke ner重力浓缩gravity thicke ning重力浓缩池gravity thicke ner圆形污水沉淀池circular sewage sedime ntatio n tank 刮泥机sludge scraper 搅拌作用stirri ng acti on 底流n. un derflow 浓缩的底流thicke ned underflow 浓缩污泥thicke ned sludge出水n. efflue nt上清液n. super nata nt 溢流v. overflow堰n. weir 气浮浓缩floatati on thicke ning溶气气浮dissolved-air floatati on气浮池floatation tank辦 A vuVr# .............入流污泥in flue nt sludge污泥絮体sludge flocs 撇去v. skim漂浮污泥层floati ng sludge layer污泥消化sludge digestio n 消化池n. digester消化池装置digester un it 消化n. digesti onv. digest有机固体organic solids生化分解biochemical decompositi on好氧消化aerobic digesti on好氧污泥消化aerobic sludge digesti on好氧消化过程aerobic digesti on process 活性污泥池activated sludge tank 预制的（成套）活性污泥处理系统内源衰亡en doge nous decay厌氧消化an aerobic digesti on厌氧污泥消化an aerobic sludge digesti on有盖的圆形池covered circular tank 消化过程digesti on process厌氧消化过程an aerobic digesti on process 生化反应biochemical reactions有机酸orga nic acids挥发性脂肪酸（VFAs） volatile fatty acids 甲烷气metha ne gas末端产物end product指示剂n. in dicator污泥消化池气体sludge digester gas污泥沉淀sludge settli ng污泥储存sludge storage消化污泥digested sludge充分消化的污泥well-digested sludge消化池上清液digester super nata nt中温消化mesophilic digesti on高温消化thermophilic degesti on污泥脱水sludge dewateri ng混合堆肥co-compost ing污泥处理总成本overall sludge-ha ndli ng costs第八部分：废水回用地表水资源surface water resource地下水资源groun dwater resource水短缺water scarcity回用n. , v. reuse废水回用wastewater reuse直接回用direct reuse直接废水回用direct wastewater reuse间接回用in direct reuse间接废水回用in direct wastewater reuse prefabricated （package） activated sludge treatme ntsystems预制的接触稳定或prefabricated con tact stabilizati on or延时曝气处理系统exte nded aeratio n treatme nt systemsBOD 负荷BOD loading回用水 reclaimed water 排放 n. , v. discharge 保留 n. reten ti on 循环n. recycli ngv. recycle咅 B 分处理 n. partial treatme nt 最终用途 end use城市污水回用mun icipal wastewater reuse 灌溉 n. irrigati on景观灌溉Ian dscape irrigati on地下水回灌 groun dwater recharge 市政回用mun icipal reuse直接市政回用 direct muni cipal reuse深度处理，高级处理adva need treatme nt分质供水系统 dual-distribution system 间接市政回用in direct muni cipal reuse供水系统，给水系统 water supply system取水口 n. in take 天然同化能力 n atural assimilative capacity人工回灌 artificial recharge 深井注射 deep-well injection 浅表布水 shallow surface spreadi ng 渗透 n.percolati on工业回用in dustrial reuse Part IX : 第九部分：投资成本，投资费（用） capital costs 建设成本，建设费（用） con struct ion costs运行成本，运行费（用） operati ng costs能耗成本 energy costs运行维护 operati on and maintenance 运行控制 operati onal control 控制系统con trol system仪表/控制系统in strume ntatio n/con trol system 自动控制系统，自控系统automatic con trol system工艺废水，过程废水process wastewaters工艺补充水，过程补充水 pla nt process makeup water冷去卩塔水 cooli ng tower water选择性处理optio nal treatme nt水费 water costs出水处理 efflue nt treatment ................... 曲A MVr 彳 ...................回用的城市污水reclaimed muni cipal wastewater工业过程 in dustrial processes 冷去卩水 cooli ng water 锅炉给水 boiler feedwater 灌溉回用 irrigati on reuse废水直接灌溉 direct irrigation with wastewater 低负荷土地处理系统low-rate land treatme nt system间接灌溉回用 in direct reuse for irrigati on 废水排放 wastewater discharge 雨水回用 s torm water reuse 可回用水 reusable water。
给排水专业英语_英文1
Sewage treatmentSewage treatment, or domestic wastewatertreatment, is the process of removing contaminantsfrom wastewater and household sewage, bothrunoff (effluents) and domestic. It includesphysical, chemical, and biological processes toremove physical, chemical and biologicalcontaminants. Its objective is to produce a wastestream (or treated effluent) and a solid waste orsludge suitable for discharge or reuse back into theenvironment. This material is often inadvertentlycontaminated with many toxic organic andinorganic compounds.Origins of sewageSewage is created by residences, institutions, and commercial and industrial establishments. Raw influent (sewage) includes household waste liquid from toilets, baths, showers, kitchens, sinks, and so forth that is disposed of via sewers. In many areas, sewage also includes liquid waste from industry and commerce. The separation and draining of household waste into greywater and blackwater is becoming more common in the developed world, with greywater being permitted to be used for watering plants or recycled for flushing toilets. A lot of sewage also includes some surface water from roofs or hard-standing areas. Municipal wastewater therefore includes residential, commercial, and industrial liquid waste discharges, and may include stormwater runoff. Sewage systems capable of handling stormwater are known as combined systems or combined sewers. Such systems are usually avoided since they complicate and thereby reduce the efficiency of sewage treatment plants owing to their seasonality. The variability in flow also leads to often larger than necessary, and subsequently more expensive, treatment facilities. In addition, heavy storms that contribute more flows than the treatment plant can handle may overwhelm the sewage treatment system, causing a spill or overflow. It is preferable to have a separate storm drain system for stormwater in areas that are developed with sewer systems.As rainfall runs over the surface of roofs and the ground, it may pick up various contaminants including soil particles and other sediment, heavy metals, organic compounds, animal waste, and oil and grease. Some jurisdictions require stormwater to receive some level of treatment before being discharged directly into waterways. Examples of treatment processes used for stormwater include sedimentation basins, wetlands, buried concrete vaults with various kinds of filters, and vortex separators (to remove coarse solids).Process overviewSewage can be treated close to where it is created (in septic tanks, biofilters or aerobic treatment systems), or collected and transported via a network of pipes and pump stations to a municipal treatment plant (see sewerage and pipes and infrastructure). Sewage collection and treatment istypically subject to local, state and federal regulations and standards. Industrial sources of wastewater often require specialized treatment processes (see Industrial wastewater treatment).Conventional sewage treatment may involve three stages, called primary, secondary and tertiary treatment. Primary treatment consists of temporarily holding the sewage in a quiescent basin where heavy solids can settle to the bottom while oil, grease and lighter solids float to the surface. The settled and floating materials are removed and the remaining liquid may be discharged or subjected to secondary treatment. Secondary treatment removes dissolved and suspended biological matter. Secondary treatment is typically performed by indigenous, water-bornemicro-organisms in a managed habitat. Secondary treatment may require a separation process to remove the micro-organisms from the treated water prior to discharge or tertiary treatment. Tertiary treatment is sometimes defined as anything more than primary and secondary treatment. Treated water is sometimes disinfected chemically or physically (for example by lagoons and microfiltration) prior to discharge into a stream, river, bay, lagoon or wetland, or it can be used for the irrigation of a golf course, green way or park. If it is sufficiently clean, it can also be used for groundwater recharge or agricultural purposes.Process Flow Diagram for a typical large-scale treatment plantPre-treatmentPre-treatment removes materials that can be easily collected from the raw wastewater before they damage or clog the pumps and skimmers of primary treatment clarifiers (trash, tree limbs, leaves, etc).ScreeningThe influent sewage water is strained to remove all large objects carried in the sewage stream. This is most commonly done with an automated mechanically raked bar screen in modern plants serving large populations, whilst in smaller or less modern plants a manually cleaned screen may be used. The raking action of a mechanical bar screen is typically paced according to the accumulation on the bar screens and/or flow rate. The solids are collected and later disposed in a landfill or incinerated.Grit removalPre-treatment may include a sand or grit channel or chamber where the velocity of the incoming wastewater is carefully controlled to allow sand, grit and stones to settle.Primary treatmentIn the primary sedimentation stage,sewage flows through large tanks,commonly called "primary clarifiers" or"primary sedimentation tanks". The tanksare large enough that sludge can settle andfloating material such as grease and oilscan rise to the surface and be skimmed off.The main purpose of the primarysedimentation stage is to produce both agenerally homogeneous liquid capable ofbeing treated biologically and a sludgethat can be separately treated or processed.Primary settling tanks are usuallyequipped with mechanically drivenscrapers that continually drive the collected sludge towards a hopper in the base of the tank from where it can be pumped to further sludge treatment stages. Grease and oil from the floating material can sometimes be recovered for saponification.Secondary treatmentSecondary treatment is designed to substantially degrade the biological content of the sewage which are derived from human waste, food waste, soaps and detergent. The majority of municipal plants treat the settled sewage liquor using aerobic biological processes. For this to be effective, the biota require both oxygen and a substrate on which to live. There are a number of ways in which this is done. In all these methods, the bacteria and protozoa consume biodegradable soluble organic contaminants (e.g. sugars, fats, organic short-chain carbon molecules, etc.) and bind much of the less soluble fractions into floc. Secondary treatment systems are classified as∙fixed-film or∙suspended-growth.Fixed-film OR attached growth system treatment process including trickling filter and rotating biological contactors where the biomass grows on media and the sewage passes over its surface.In suspended-growth systems, such as activated sludge, the biomass is well mixed with the sewage and can be operated in a smaller space than fixed-film systems that treat the same amount of water. However, fixed-film systems are more able to cope with drastic changes in the amount of biological material and can provide higher removal rates for organic material and suspended solids than suspended growth systems.Roughing filters are intended to treat particularly strong or variable organic loads, typically industrial, to allow them to then be treated by conventional secondary treatment processes. Characteristics include typically tall, circular filters filled with open synthetic filter media to which wastewater is applied at a relatively high rate. They are designed to allow high hydraulic loading and a high flow-through of air. On larger installations, air is forced through the media using blowers. The resultant wastewater is usually within the normal range for conventional treatment processes.Activated sludgeMain article: Activated sludgeIn general, activated sludge plantsencompass a variety of mechanisms andprocesses that use dissolved oxygen topromote the growth of biological floc thatsubstantially removes organic material.The process traps particulate material andcan, under ideal conditions, convertammonia to nitrite and nitrate and ultimatelyto nitrogen gas, (see also denitrification).Surface-aerated basinsMost biological oxidation processesfor treating industrial wastewatershave in common the use of oxygen (orair) and microbial action.Surface-aerated basins achieve 80 to90% removal of Biochemical OxygenDemand with retention times of 1 to10 days. The basins may range indepth from 1.5 to 5.0 metres and usemotor-driven aerators floating on thesurface of the wastewater.In an aerated basin system, theaerators provide two functions: they transfer air into the basins required by the biological oxidation reactions, and they provide the mixing required for dispersing the air and for contacting the reactants (that is, oxygen, wastewater and microbes). Typically, the floating surface aerators are rated to deliver the amount of air equivalent to 1.8 to 2.7 kg O2/kW·h. However, they do not provide as good mixing as is normally achieved in activated sludge systems and therefore aerated basins do not achieve the same performance level as activated sludge units.Biological oxidation processes are sensitive to temperature and, between 0 °C and 40 °C, the rate of biological reactions increase with temperature. Most surface aerated vessels operate at between 4 °C and 32 °C.Filter beds (oxidizing beds)Main article: Trickling filterIn older plants and plants receiving more variable loads, trickling filter beds are used where the settled sewage liquor is spread onto the surface of a deep bed made up of coke (carbonized coal), limestone chips or specially fabricated plastic media. Such media must have high surface areas to support the biofilms that form. The liquor is distributed through perforated rotating arms radiating from a central pivot. The distributed liquor trickles through this bed and is collected in drains at the base. These drains also provide a source of air which percolates up through the bed, keeping it aerobic. Biologica l films of bacteria, protozoa and fungi form on the media’s surfaces and eat or otherwise reduce the organic content. This biofilm is grazed by insect larvae and worms which help maintain an optimal thickness. Overloading of beds increases the thickness of the film leading to clogging of the filter media and ponding on the surface.Biological aerated filtersBiological Aerated (or Anoxic) Filter (BAF) or Biofilters combine filtration with biological carbon reduction, nitrification or denitrification. BAF usually includes a reactor filled with a filter media. The media is either in suspension or supported by a gravel layer at the foot of the filter. The dual purpose of this media is to support highly active biomass that is attached to it and to filter suspended solids. Carbon reduction and ammonia conversion occurs in aerobic mode and sometime achieved in a single reactor while nitrate conversion occurs in anoxic mode. BAF is operated either in upflow or downflow configuration depending on design specified by manufacturer.Membrane bioreactorsMembrane bioreactors (MBR) combine activated sludge treatment with a membrane liquid-solid separation process. The membrane component uses low pressure microfiltration or ultra filtration membranes and eliminates the need for clarification and tertiary filtration. The membranes are typically immersed in the aeration tank; however, some applications utilize a separate membrane tank. One of the key benefits of an MBR system is that it effectively overcomes the limitations associated with poor settling of sludge in conventional activated sludge (CAS) processes. The technology permits bioreactor operation with considerably higher mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS) concentration than CAS systems, which are limited by sludge settling. The process is typically operated at MLSS in the range of 8,000–12,000 mg/L, while CAS are operated in the range of 2,000–3,000 mg/L. The elevated biomass concentration in the MBR process allows for very effective removal of both soluble and particulate biodegradable materials at higher loading rates. Thus increased Sludge Retention Times (SRTs) — usually exceeding 15 days — ensure complete nitrification even in extremely cold weather.The cost of building and operating an MBR is usually higher than conventional wastewater treatment. Membrane filters can be blinded with grease or abraded by suspended grit and lack a clarifier's flexibility to pass peak flows. The technology has become increasingly popular for reliably pretreated waste streams and has gainedwider acceptance where infiltration and inflowhave been controlled, however, and the life-cyclecosts have been steadily decreasing. The smallfootprint of MBR systems, and the high qualityeffluent produced, make them particularly usefulfor water reuse applications.There are MBR plants being built throughout theworld, including North Librty, Iowa, Georgia, andCanada.Secondary sedimentationThe final step in the secondary treatment stage is to settle out the biological floc or filter material and produce sewage water containing very low levels of organic material and suspended matter.Rotating biological contactorsMain article: Rotating biological contactorRotating biological contactors(RBCs) are mechanical secondarytreatment systems, which arerobust and capable ofwithstanding surges in organicload. RBCs were first installed inGermany in 1960 and have sincebeen developed and refined into areliable operating unit. Therotating disks support the growthof bacteria and micro-organismspresent in the sewage, whichbreakdown and stabilise organicpollutants. To be successful, micro-organisms need both oxygen to live and food to grow. Oxygen is obtained from the atmosphere as the disks rotate. As the micro-organisms grow, they build up on the media until they are sloughed off due to shear forces provided by the rotating discs in the sewage. Effluent from the RBC is then passed through final clarifiers where the micro-organisms in suspension settle as a sludge. The sludge is withdrawn from the clarifier for further treatment.A functionally similar biological filtering system has become popular as part of home aquarium filtration and purification. The aquarium water is drawn up out of the tank and then cascaded over a freely spinning corrugated fiber-mesh wheel before passing through a media filter and back into the aquarium. The spinning mesh wheel develops a biofilm coating of microorganisms that feed on the suspended wastes in the aquarium water and are also exposed to the atmosphere as the wheel rotates. This is especially good at removing waste urea and ammonia urinated into the aquarium water by the fish and other animals.。
(完整word版)给排水英语词汇
给排水专业英语采集一、通用术语给水排水工程的通用术语及其涵义应符合下列规定：1、给水工程 water supply engineering 原水的取集和处理以及成品水输配的工程。
2、排水工程 sewerage ，wastewater engineering 收集、输送、处理和处置废水的工程。
3、给水系统 water supply system 给水的取水、输水、水质处理和配水等设施以一定方式组合成的总体。
4、排水系统 sewerage system 排水的收集、输送、水质处理和排放等设施以一定方式组合成的总体。
5、给水水源 water source 给水工程所取用的原水水体。
6、原水raw water 由水源地取来的原料水.7、地表水surface water 存在于地壳表面，暴露于大气的水。
8、地下水ground water 存在于地壳岩石裂缝或工壤空隙中的水。
9、苦咸水（碱性水） brackish water ，alkaline water 碱度大于硬度的水，并含大量中性盐，PH值大于7。
10、淡水fresh water 含盐量小于500mg/L的水。
11、冷却水cooling water 用以降低被冷却对象温度的水.12、废水 wastewater 居民活动过程中排出的水及径流雨水的总称.它包括生活污水、工业废水和初雨径流以及流入排水管渠的其它水.13、污水sewage ，wastewater 受一定污染的来自生活和生产的排出水。
14、用水量 water consumption 用水对象实际使用的水量。
15、污水量 wastewater flow ，sewage flow 排水对象排入污水系统的水量。
16、用水定额 water flow norm 对不同的排水对象，在一定时期内制订相对合理的单位排水量的数值.17、排水定额 wastewater flow norm 对不同的排水对象，在一定时期内制订相对合理的单位排水量的数值。
给排水专业英语汇总doc资料
UNIT 1给水工程water supply engineering 排水工程sewage engineering市政工程civil engineering市政工程师civil engineer环境工程environmental engineering 水文学hydrology水力学hydranlies水环境natural aquatic environment 流域watershed水体waterbody地表水surface water淡水freshwater地下水groundwater含水层aquifer天然含水层natural aquifer地下含水层underground aquifer水文循环natural hydrologic cycle 渗滤infiltration降水precipitation渗入precolation蒸发evaporation蒸腾transpiration城市水文循环urban hydrologic cycle 水源water source水资源water resource取水water withdrawal水处理water treatment配水water distribution用水water use污水sewage废水wastewater废水收集wastewater collection废水处理wastewater disposal受纳水体receiving waters污染pollution pollute污染物pollutant玷污、污染contamination致污物contaminant未污染uncontaminated水污染water pollution水污染控制water pollution control水污染防治water pollution prevention污水回用wastewater reuseUNIT 2水短缺water scarcity地表水资源surface water resource管网Pipe Network供水系统water supply system市政配水系统municipal distribution system建筑给水系统house water supply system分区供水系统dual distribution system小区micro district小社区small community冷水供水系统cold water supply system热水供水系统hot water supply system消防系统fire protection system喷淋系统fire protection sprinkler system自动水幕系统automatic drencher system半自动水幕系统semi automatic drencher system消火栓hydrant排水系统drainage system生活排水系统sanitary system工业排水系统industrial system雨水排水系统stormwater system合流制combined sewers分流制separate sewers建筑排水系统building drainage system卫生洁具plumbing fixtures卫浴设备bathroom fixtures输水系统water transmission system漏水率leakage rate配水系统water distribution system环状管网grid (looped)system支状管网branching(branched) system下水管道sanitary sewer污水节流管intercepting(中间截取) sewer污水节流系统intercepting sewer system污水节流井sewage intercepting well支管collection (目的：收集)sewer collector sewer生活污水sanitary sewagedomestic sewagedomestic wastewater工业污水industrial wastewater工业污水/液/物industrial wastes农业用水agricultural wastewater/wastes雨水rainwater stormwater水位waterlevel海拔、标高elevation坡度grade倾斜度slope明渠Open channel开挖ex cava tion深度excavation depth水力分析hydraulic analysis水头pressure head总水头total headUnit 3水头损失Head loss速度头动压头Velocity head静压Static head摩擦水头Friction head水力坡度线Hydranlic grade line 重力流Gravity flow水塔Water castle贮水箱Cistern泵站Pump station给水泵站Water pump station污水泵站Sewage station提升泵站Lift pumping plant增压泵Booster pump离心泵Centrifugal pump潜水泵Submer sible pump潜水艇Submerine深井泵Well pump虹吸虹吸管Siphon人孔Manhole法兰Flange阀门Valve闸阀Gate valve泵送系统Pumping system流量Flow rate流速Fluid velocity层流Laminar flow滞流粘性流viscous flow过渡流Transitional flow湍流Turbulent flow紊流Turbulence flow涡流Eddying flow雷诺数Teynolds number水质Water guality 水源Water sources供水水源Water supples原水Raw water未处理水Untreated water出水Finished water原水水质Raw-water quality水质标准Water quality standards水质要求Water quality requirements饮用水Drink water\potable water自来水Tap water纯水Pure water饮用水标准Drinking water standards饮用水一级标Primary drinking water standards最大允许浓度Maxmum permissible levelsmaxmum allowable levels最大污染物浓度Maxmum contaminant levels主要污染物Primary contaminants有机化合物Organic chemicals合成有机化合物Synthetic organic chemicals挥发性有机化合物V olatile organic ohemicals无机化合物Inorganic chemical微生物Micro organisms\microbes微生物污染Microbial contaminants病原微生物Pathogenic micro organisms病原体Pathogenic病毒Pathogenic bacterin细菌Bacteria大肠杆菌Coliform bacteria病毒Viruses藻类Algae浊度Turbidity放射性Radionuclide感官性状Esthetic qualities审美Esthetic味Taste嗅Odo色Colour变色Discolouration变色Discolor水质物理参数Physical parameters of water quality水的物理性质Physical quality of water浊度值Turbidity values浊度单位Turdidity unit浑浊单位Turdid嗅阈值Threshold odor number化学性质Chemical quality水质化学参数Chemical parameters of water quality溶解氧Dissolved oxygen (DO)溶解氧浓度Do level溶解氧平衡Do balance氧损Oxygen depletion有机污染物Organic pollutant生化需氧量Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD)总氮Total nitrogen (TN)总凯式氮Total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN)悬浮固体Suspended solids (SS)总悬浮固体Total suspended solids (TSS)溶解Dissolved (DS)总溶解Total dissolved (TDS)Unit 4溶解的铁和锰Dissolved iron and manganese硬度Hardness碱度Alkalinity盐度Salinity有害物质Toxic and hazardous materials氰化物Cyanides急性毒性Acute toxity慢性毒性Chronic toxity基因毒性Genetic toxicity基因Gene难降解有机化合物Refractory organic chemicals 永久性有机污染物Persistent organic pollutants 致癌化学性Carcinogenic chemicals三卤甲烷Trihalo methanes卤素Halogen甲基Methyl氯仿Trichloromethane三氯甲烷Chloroform杀虫剂农药Pesticide害虫Pest杀虫剂Insecticide除草剂Herbicide杀菌剂Germicide细菌Germ防腐剂Preservative保证Preserve清洗剂Cleaning agent洗涤剂Detergent发泡剂Foaming agent泡沫Foam化肥Fertilizer肥沃的Fertile富营养化Eutrophication营养的Trophic营养水平Trophic level生态位NicheUnit 5原污水Raw sewage原废水Raw wastes 处理水Treated wastes回用水Redaimed water水处理过程Water processing收集Collect处置Dispose处理方法Treatment method处理费用Treatment costs处理单元Treatment process运行模式Operational mode间歇处理方式Batch treatment approach均匀均化Equalization均匀Equalize调蓄水池Equalization storage调节池Equalization tank蓄水池Storage tank降解Degrade分解Decompose分离Separate隔离Separation物理法Physical process物理处理Physical treatment物理处理过程Physical treatment process一级处理Primary treatment初步处理Preliminary treatment格栅筛滤Screening格栅Screen格栅Bar screen栅条Bars钢栅条Steel bars渣耙Cleaning rakes圆形破碎机Circular grinder破碎Grind除砂Degritting砂Grit沙Sand除砂Grit removal沉砂池Grit chamber沉淀Settling沉淀池Settling tank澄清池Clarifier初澄清池Primary clarifier初沉池Primary settling tank一级出水Primary effluent二级处理Secondary treatment二级处理工艺Secondary treatment process生物处理Biological treatment二澄清池Secondary clarifier二沉池Secondary settling tank最终澄清池Final clarifier最终沉淀池Final settling tank二级出水Secondary effluent三级处理Tertiary treatment深度处理Advanced treatment废水消毒Waste disinfection出流出水Effluent flow允许浓度Allowable levels优异出水High-quality polished effluent废水处理厂Wastewater treatment plant污水处理厂Sewage treatment plant二级处理厂Secondary treatment plant城市污水处理Municipal wastewater treatment市政工程Municipal engineering土木工程Civil engineering城市污水处理厂Municipal wastewater treatment plant污水处理能力Sewage treatment capacity电容Capacitance污水处理设施Municipal treatment facilities 多反应器设施Multi-reactor facility处理池Treatment tank负荷Load负荷Loadings水力负荷Hydrautic loading污染负荷Pollutant load有机负荷Organic load无机负荷Inorganic load不含化肥、农药无机的Unorganic周期性负荷Periodic(intermitlent) loading第五部分：物化处理1．混凝n. coagulation混凝过程coagulation process化学混凝chemical coagulation凝聚n. aggregation絮凝n. flocculationv. flocculate异向絮凝perikinetic flocculation同向絮凝orthokinetic flocculation混凝剂n. coagulant混凝剂投量coagulant dosage烧杯实验jar test最佳混凝剂投量optimum coagulant dosage 助凝剂coagulant aid助凝剂flocculation aid聚电解质n. polyelectrolytes快速混合flash-mix ,rapid-mix快速混合器flash mixer ,rapid mixer混合池mixer tank快速混合池flash-mix tank絮凝器n. flocculator絮凝池flocculation tank固体接触池solids-contact tank澄清n. clarificationv. clarify澄清池n. clarifier高负荷澄清池high rate clarifier澄清水clarifying water2．沉淀n. sedimentation沉降n. sedimentation自由沉降plain settling拥挤沉降hindered settling重力沉降gravity settling沉淀池settling tank沉淀池，沉降池sedimentation tank矩形沉淀池rectangular settling tank圆形沉淀池circular settling tank管式沉淀池tube settler斜管沉淀池steeply inclined tube settler板式沉淀池parallel-plate settler板式沉淀池plate separator气浮n. floatation泡沫分离foam separation溶气气浮dissolved-air floatation气浮池floatation tank表面撇渣装置surface-skimming device撇去v. skim浮渣n. scum浮渣槽scum trough刮泥机sludge scraper排泥sludge drawoffsludge withdrawal预沉淀n. presedimentation预沉淀池presedimentation basin3．过滤n. filtration滤池n. filter慢滤池slow filter快滤池rapid filter高速（负荷）滤池high rate filter砂滤池sand filter慢砂滤池slow sand filter快砂滤池rapid sand filter重力滤池gravity filter压力滤池pressure filter过滤介质，滤料filter medium石英砂silica sand无烟煤n. anthracite硅藻土diatomaceous earth煤—砂滤床coal-sand beds多层滤料multilayered media混合滤料mixed media双层滤料滤池dual media filter双层滤池two-layer filter粗滤料coarse media细滤料fine media助滤剂filter aid滤后水，滤出水filtered water滤后水，滤池出水filter effluent滤前水，滤池进水filter influent浊度穿透turbidity breakthrough过滤周期filter cycle清洗周期cleaning cycle刮砂法scraping method表面刮砂surface scraping反冲洗backwashing水力反冲洗hydraulic backwashing水力反冲洗hydraulic backwash水力分级hydraulic grading4．消毒n. disinfectionv. disinfect消毒剂n. disinfectantdisinfection agent杀菌剂n. germicide消毒过程disinfection process消毒副产物disinfection by-products氯化n. chlorinationv. chlorinate氯化水chlorinated water预氯化n. prechlorination氯化消毒副产物by-products of chlorination 化学消毒剂chemical disinfectants液氯liquid chlorine ,liquefied chlorine氯胺n. chloramines次氯酸盐hypochlorites次氯酸钠sodium hypochlorite二氧化氯chlorine dioxide臭氧n. ozone臭氧化，臭氧消毒n. ozonation臭氧化v. ozonate紫外线(UV) ultraviolet radiation (UV)伽马射线gamma radiation灭活n. inactivationv. inactivate接触时间contact time需氯量chlorine demand加氯量，投氯量chlorine dosage ,applied chlorine自由氯，游离氯free chlorine ,free available chlorine化合氯combined chlorine剩余保护residual protection余氯residual chlorine余氯量chlorine residual自由余氯free residual chlorine自由氯余量free chlorine residual化合余氯combined residual chlorine化合氯余量combined chlorine residuals折点氯化（法）breakpoint chlorination折点氯化曲线breakpoint chlorination curve折点加氯量breakpoint dosage氯折点chlorine breakpoint压力钢瓶pressured steel cylinder臭氧发生器ozone generator需臭氧量ozone demand剩余臭氧量ozone residual剩余臭氧residual ozone致病微生物，病源微生物pathogenic microorganisms病原体n. pathogens致病细菌或病毒pathogenic bacteria or viruses细菌n. bacteria大肠杆菌coliform bacteria阿米巴氏菌amoebic cysts孢子，芽孢n. spores病毒n. viruses藻类n. algae原生动物n. protozoa5．氧化n. oxidation还原n. reduction氧化剂n. oxidant强氧化剂strong oxidizing agent高级氧化法(AOP) advanced oxidation process高级氧化工艺(AOP) advanced oxidation process高级氧化过程(AOP) advanced oxidation process高级氧化技术(AOT)advanced oxidation technology6．吸附n. adsorption活性炭(AC) activated carbon粉末炭(PAC) powdered activated carbon粒状炭(GAC) granular activated carbon颗粒活性炭(GAC) granular activated carbon活性炭纤维(ACF) activated carbon fiber再生n. regenerationv. regenerate吸附剂n. adsorbent吸附质n. adsorbate吸附塔，吸附柱adsorption column吸附床adsorption bed空床接触时间empty bed contact time吸附带mass transfer zone快速小柱试验rapid small scale column test生物活性炭(BAC) biological activated carbon7．离子交换n. ion exchange离子交换树脂ion exchange resin离子交换器ion exchanger离子交换柱ion exchange column硬度n. hardness除硬hardness removal软化n. softeningv. soften化学软化chemical softening沉淀软化precipitation softening除盐，脱盐n. desaltinationv. desalt去矿化n. demineralizationv. demineralize离子交换软化法ion exchange softening process 离子交换除盐法ion exchange desalting process 复床combined bed混合床mixed bed8．膜分离membrane separation微滤n. microfiltration超滤n. hyperfiltration纳滤n. nanofiltration反渗透reverse osmosis渗透n. osmosis半透膜semipermeable membrane电渗析n. electrodialysis渗析n. dialysis9．其它处理方法中和n. neutralizationv. neutralize酸性废水acidic wastes化学沉淀chemical precipitation沉淀软化precipitation softening电解n. electrolysis电除盐(EDI) n. electrodeionization吹脱、汽提法n. stripping冷却n. cooling冷却水cooling water冷却塔cooling tower第六部分生物处理生物反应器n. bioreactor微生物n.microorganismsn.microbes微生物种群microbial population混合群落mixed communities细菌n. bacteria原生动物n. protozoa真菌n. fungi轮虫n. rotifers生长n. growth繁殖n. reproduction世代时间generation time生长速率growth rates环境因子environmental factors生态因子ecological factors微生物生长动力学microbial growth kinetics1.迟滞期lag phase2.对数生长期exponential-growth phase3.减速生长期decling growth phase稳定期stationary phase4. 内源呼吸阶段endogenous stage内源生长期endogenous growth phase内源呼吸endogenous respiration底物，基质n. substrate底物（基质）利用substrate utilization生物量n. biomass生物反应biological reaction生物氧化biological oxidation生物降解n. biodegradation生物降解性n. biodegradability生物可降解的，可生物降解的 a. biodegradable不可生物降解的 a. nonbiodegradable生物处理biological treatment废水生物处理biological wastewater treatment废水生物处理系统biological wastewater treatmentsystem污水生物处理系统biological sewage treatmentsystem生物处理法biological treatment process生物处理装置biological treatment unit串联in series悬浮生长处理法suspended-growth treatment processes生物固体biological solids活性污泥activated sludge附着生长处理法attached-growth treatment processes附着的微生物attached microbes微生物附着生长attached microbial growth生物膜n. biofilm代谢n. metabolismv. metabolize稳定，稳定化n. stabilizationv. stabilize生物代谢biological metabolism微生物代谢microbial metabolism好氧的 a. aerobic好氧菌aerobic bacteria好氧微生物aerobic microorganisms好氧氧化aerobic oxidation厌氧的 a. anaerobic厌氧菌anaerobic bacteria厌氧氧化anaerobic oxidation兼性的 a. facultative兼性菌facultative bacteria好氧环境aerobic environment厌氧环境anaerobic environment营养物n. nutrients无机营养物inorganic nutrients营养物去除nutrient removal营养物生物去除biological nutrient removal脱氮除磷nitrogen and phosphorus removal生物硝化biological nitrification硝化菌nitrifying bacteria生物反硝化，生物脱氮biological denitrification 生物除磷biological phosphorus removal1．活性污泥法activated sludge process微生物n. microorganisms n. microbes 细菌n. bacteria生物絮体biological floc微生物絮体microbial floc活性污泥activated sludge絮状活性污泥flocculate-bacterial sludge回流活性污泥(RAS)returned activated sludge 回流污泥returned sludge回流污泥recycled sludge剩余污泥excess sludge废活性污泥(W AS)waste activated sludge废污泥waste sludge曝气池aeration tank 曝气池aeration basin曝气池aeration chamber完全混合曝气池completely mixed aeration basin活性污泥池activated sludge tank曝气n. aeration混合n. mixing曝气系统aeration system曝气器n. aerator压缩空气compressed air空气压缩机，空压机air compressor鼓风机，风机n. blower循环/切换n. cycling/switchover扩散装置，扩散器n. diffuser空气扩散装置，空气扩散器air diffuser鼓泡空气扩散装置（扩散器）bubble air diffuser微气泡扩散装置（扩散器）fine-bubble diffuser扩散板plate diffuser扩散管tube diffuser扩散罩dome diffuser微气泡扩散曝气fine-bubble diffused aeration微气泡fine-bubble大气泡coarse-bubble静态混合器static mixer机械曝气系统mechanical aeration systems机械曝气mechanical aeration表面曝气surface aeration表面曝气器surface aerator需氧量oxygen demand供气量air supply氧转移效率oxygen tansfer efficiency可沉降固体settleable solids挥发性固体volatile solids非挥发性固体nonvolatile solids挥发性悬浮固体(VSS) volatile suspended solids混合液mixed liquor混合液悬浮固体(MLSS) mixed liquor suspendedsolids混合液挥发性悬浮固体(MLVSS) mixed liquor volatilesuspended solids污泥沉降比(SV) settling velocity污泥容积指数(SVI) sludge volume index比耗氧速率(SOUR) specific oxygen uptake rate污泥龄sludge age曝气池容积aeration tank volume曝气时间aeration period曝气时间aeration time水力停留时间(HRT) hydraulic residence time水力负荷hydraulic loadingBOD负荷BOD loading普通活性污泥法conventional activated sludge process传统活性污泥法conventional activated sludge process标准活性污泥法standard activated sludge process传统活性污泥厂conventional activated sludge plant阶段曝气活性污泥step aeration activated sludge process分段v. step进水负荷influent load分段进水step loading渐减v. taper渐减曝气tapered aeration接触稳定活性污泥法contact stabilization activated sludge process再曝气n. reaeration曝气—沉淀—再曝气aeration-sedimentation-reaeration完全好氧处理法complete aerobic treatment process高负荷（完全混合）活性污泥法high-rate (completely mixed) activated sludge process延时曝气活性污泥法extended aeration activated sludge process延时曝气法extended aeration process延时曝气extended aeration氧化沟oxidation ditch水平转刷horizontal rotor转刷曝气rotor aeration笼型转刷caged rotor吸附—生物降解工艺(AB法)adsorption-biodegradation process序批式活性污泥法(SBR法) sequencing batch reactor (SBR) process、序批式活性污泥法(SBR法) sequential batch reactor (SBR) processSBR法SBR process序批式反应器(SBR) sequencing batch reactor (SBR) 序批式反应器(SBR) sequential batch reactor初沉primary clarification曝气n. aeration二沉secondary clarification初沉池primary clarifier二沉池secondary clarifier泵送系统pumping system活性污泥法activated sludge process变体n. variantSBR运行周期SBR cycle处理周期process cycle进水阶段fill phase 进水阀influent valve反应阶段react phase沉淀阶段settle phase清水，上清液clear water上清液n. supernatant排水阶段draw phase滗水阶段decant phase滗水装置decant mechanism闲置阶段，待机阶段idle phase营养物去除nutrient removal营养物生物去除biological nutrient removal碳源carbon source硝化n. nitrificationv. nitrify硝化菌nitrifying bacteria反硝化n. denitrificationv. denitrify脱氮n. denitrification生物反硝化，生物脱氮biological denitrification缺氧—好氧脱氮工艺(A/O法)anoxic-oxic process厌氧—缺氧—好氧法(A2/O法)anaerobic-anoxic-aerobic processA-A-O法同步脱氮除磷工艺anaerobic-anoxic-aerobic process脱氮除磷nitrogen and phosphorus removal厌氧氨氧化(ANAMMOX)anaerobic ammonium oxidation生物除磷biological phosphorus removal膜生物反应器(MBR)membrane biological reactor2．生物膜法生物膜n. biofilm生物膜反应器biofilm reactor生物滤池n. biofilter生物过滤n. biofiltration旋转布水器rotary sprinkler填料n. packings塑料管状或蜂窝状填料plastic tubular orhoneycomb-shaped packings滴滤池trickling filter普通生物滤池trickling filter高负荷生物滤池high-rate filter塔式生物滤池tower biofilter曝气生物滤池(BAF) biological aerated filter生物转盘法biodisc process生物转盘rotating biological contactor生物转盘n. biodisc塑料盘片plastic discs轻质盘片lightweight discs水平轴horizontal shaft生物粘液biological slime粘液层slime layer生物流化床biological fluidized bedbiological fluidised bed生物流化床反应器fluidized-bed bioreactor移动床生物膜反应器(MBBR)moving-bed biofilm reactor3．厌氧生物处理发酵n. fermentationv. fermentate产酸细菌n. acidogens产甲烷细菌n. methanogens产酸阶段acidogenic phase产甲烷阶段methanogenic phase水解n. hydrolysisv. hydrolysis产酸发酵acidogenic fermentation产氢产乙酸H2-producing acetogenesis产甲烷methanogenesis产酸菌acid formers产甲烷菌methane formers ,methane-forming bacteria有机酸organic acids挥发性脂肪酸(VFAs) volatile fatty acids硫酸盐还原sulfate reduction硫酸盐还原菌sulfate-reducing bacteria上流式厌氧污泥床(UASB)upflow anaerobic sludge blanket上升流速upflow velocity厌氧折流板反应器(ABR)anaerobic baffled reactor两段或两级厌氧生物处理two-stage anaerobic biotreatment两相厌氧生物处理two-phase anaerobic biotreatment产酸相acidogenic phase产甲烷相methanogenic phase消化n. digestionv. digest消化池n. digestor厌氧消化anaerobic digestion污泥消化sludge digestion厌氧消化池anaerobic digestor厌氧接触法anaerobic contact process厌氧膨胀床反应器anaerobic expanded-bed reactor厌氧流化床反应器anaerobic fluidized-bed reactor厌氧生物转盘anaerobic rotating biological contactor4．自然生物处理系统自然净化系统natural purification system稳定塘stabilization pondsstabilization lagoons氧化塘oxidation ponds土地处理系统land treatment systems废水土地处理land treatment of wastewater净化过程purification process自然净化natural purification污水塘sewage lagoon稳定塘stabilization pondsstabilization lagoons氧化塘oxidation ponds好氧塘aerobic pond兼性塘facultative pond好氧生化反应aerobic biochemical reaction厌氧生化反应anaerobic biochemical reaction厌氧分解anaerobic decomposition厌氧分解decompose anaerobically好氧稳定aerobic stabilization细菌n. bacteria藻类n. algae微型植物microscopic plants出流，出水effluent flow光合作用n. photosynthesis厌氧塘anaerobic pond曝气塘aerated pond修饰塘polishing pond熟化塘maturation lagoon深度处理塘advanced treatment pond三级处理塘tertiary treatment pond土地处理工艺（过程）land treatment processes关键因素critical factors土壤类型soil type气候n. climate土地处理系统land treatment systems慢速土地处理系统slow rate land treatment system低负荷土地处理系统low-rate land treatment system三级处理水平tertiary treatment level灌溉n. irrigationv. irrigate土壤的天然过滤和吸附性质natural filtration and adsorption properties of soil投配的废水applied wastewater垄—沟表面布水ridge-and-furrow surface spreading喷洒布水系统，喷灌布水系统sprinkler systems快速渗滤土地处理系统rapid infiltration land treatment system渗滤—渗透土地处理infiltration-percolation land treatment快速渗滤rapid infiltration快速渗滤法rapid infiltration method过滤作用filtering action吸附作用adsorption action地表漫流土地处理系统overland flow land treatment system地表漫流overland flow径流集水沟runoff collection ditch物理、化学和生物过程physical , chemical , and biological processes湿地n. wetland天然湿地natural wetland人工湿地constructed wetlandman-made wetland第七部分：污泥处理、处置与利用污泥n. sludge生活污水污泥sewage sludge污泥体积，污泥量sludge volume原污泥，生污泥raw sludge新鲜污泥，生污泥fresh sludge消化污泥，熟污泥digested sludge混合污泥mixed sludge污泥处理sludge treatment污泥处置sludge disposal最终处置ultimate disposal填埋n. landfill污泥减量sludge volume reduction污泥稳定化sludge stabilization（污泥）浓缩n. thickening污泥浓缩sludge thickening稳定，稳定化n. stabilizationv. stabilize稳定了的污泥stabilized sludge调理（调节）n. conditioningv. condition脱水n. dewateringv. dewater干化n. drying污泥干化场sludge drying bed污泥干燥heat drying干燥器n. dryer污泥焚烧，污泥焚化n. incineration焚烧炉，焚化炉n. incinerator污泥浓缩sludge thickening物理过程physical process含水过多的污泥watery sludge稀污泥thin sludge处理装置treatment unit浓缩池n. thickener重力浓缩gravity thickening重力浓缩池gravity thickener圆形污水沉淀池circular sewage sedimentation tank刮泥机sludge scraper搅拌作用stirring action底流n. underflow浓缩的底流thickened underflow浓缩污泥thickened sludge出水n. effluent上清液n. supernatant溢流v. overflow堰n. weir气浮浓缩floatation thickening溶气气浮dissolved-air floatation气浮池floatation tank入流污泥influent sludge污泥絮体sludge flocs撇去v. skim漂浮污泥层floating sludge layer污泥消化sludge digestion消化池n. digester消化池装置digester unit消化n. digestionv. digest有机固体organic solids生化分解biochemical decomposition好氧消化aerobic digestion好氧污泥消化aerobic sludge digestion好氧消化过程aerobic digestion process活性污泥池activated sludge tank预制的（成套）活性污泥处理系统prefabricated (package) activated sludge treatmentsystems预制的接触稳定或prefabricated contact stabilization or延时曝气处理系统extended aeration treatment systemsBOD负荷BOD loading细胞物质cellular mass内源衰亡endogenous decay厌氧消化anaerobic digestion厌氧污泥消化anaerobic sludge digestion有盖的圆形池covered circular tank消化过程digestion process厌氧消化过程anaerobic digestion process 生化反应biochemical reactions有机酸organic acids挥发性脂肪酸(VFAs) volatile fatty acids 甲烷气methane gas末端产物end product指示剂n. indicator污泥消化池气体sludge digester gas污泥沉淀sludge settling污泥储存sludge storage消化污泥digested sludge充分消化的污泥well-digested sludge消化池上清液digester supernatant中温消化mesophilic digestion高温消化thermophilic degestion污泥脱水sludge dewatering混合堆肥co-composting污泥处理总成本overall sludge-handling costs第八部分：废水回用地表水资源surface water resource地下水资源groundwater resource水短缺water scarcity回用n. , v. reuse 废水回用wastewater reuse直接回用direct reuse直接废水回用direct wastewater reuse间接回用indirect reuse间接废水回用indirect wastewater reuse出水处理effluent treatment回用水reclaimed water排放n. , v. discharge保留n. retention循环n. recyclingv. recycle部分处理n. partial treatment最终用途end use城市污水回用municipal wastewater reuse灌溉n. irrigation景观灌溉landscape irrigation地下水回灌groundwater recharge市政回用municipal reuse直接市政回用direct municipal reuse深度处理，高级处理advanced treatment分质供水系统dual-distribution system间接市政回用indirect municipal reuse供水系统，给水系统water supply system取水口n. intake天然同化能力natural assimilative capacity人工回灌artificial recharge深井注射deep-well injection浅表布水shallow surface spreading渗透n. percolation工业回用industrial reuse工艺废水，过程废水process wastewaters工艺补充水，过程补充水plant process makeup water冷却塔水cooling tower water选择性处理optional treatment水费water costs回用的城市污水reclaimed municipal wastewater工业过程industrial processes冷却水cooling water锅炉给水boiler feedwater灌溉回用irrigation reuse废水直接灌溉direct irrigation with wastewater低负荷土地处理系统low-rate land treatment system间接灌溉回用indirect reuse for irrigation废水排放wastewater discharge雨水回用storm water reuse可回用水reusable waterPartⅨ:第九部分：投资成本，投资费（用）capital costs建设成本，建设费（用）construction costs运行成本，运行费（用）operating costs能耗成本energy costs运行维护operation and maintenance运行控制operational control控制系统control system仪表/控制系统instrumentation/control system自动控制系统，自控系统automatic control system。
给排水专业英语
1 管道组成件Piping component1.1 管子Pipe管子(按照配管标准规格制造的) pipe管子(不按配管标准规格制造的其他用管) tube钢管steel pipe铸铁管cast iron pipe衬里管lined pipe复合管clad pipe碳钢管carbon steel pipe合金钢管alloy steel pipe不锈钢stainless steel pipe奥氏体不锈钢管austenitic stainless steel pipe铁合金钢管ferritic alloy steel pipe轧制钢管wrought-steel pipe锻铁管wrought-iron pipe无缝钢管seamless (SMLS) steel pipe焊接钢管welded steel pipe电阻焊钢管electric-resistance welded steel pipe电熔（弧）焊钢板卷管electric-fusion (arc)-welded steel-plate pipe螺旋焊接钢管spiral welded steel pipe镀锌钢管galvanized steel pipe热轧无缝钢管hot-rolling seamless pipe冷拔无缝钢管cold-drawing seamless pipe水煤气钢管water-gas steel pipe塑料管plastic pipe玻璃管glass tube橡胶管rubber tube直管run pipe; straight pipe1.2 管件Fitting弯头elbow异径弯头reducing elbow带支座弯头base elbow长半径弯头long radius elbow短半径弯头short radius elbow长半径180°弯头long radius return短半径180°弯头short radius return带侧向口的弯头（右向或左向）side outlet elbow (right hand or left hand) 双支管弯头（形）double branch elbow三通tee异径三通reducing tee等径三通straight tee带侧向口的三通（右向或左向）side outlet tee (right hand or 1eft hand)异径三通（分支口为异径）reducing tee (reducing on outlet)异径三通（一个直通口为异径）reducing tee (reducing on one run)带支座三通base tee异径三通（一个直通口及分支口为异径）reducing tee (reducing on one run and outlet)异径三通（两个直通口为异径，双头式）reducing tee (reducing on both runs, bull head)45°斜三通45° lateral45°斜三通（支管为异径）45° lateral (reducing on branch)45°斜三通(一个直通口为异径) 45° lateral (reducing on one run)45°斜三通(一个直通口及支管为异径) 45° lateral (reducing on one run and branch)Y型三通（俗称裤衩）true “Y”四通cross等径四通straight cross异径四通reducing cross异径四通（一个分支口为异径）reducing cross (reducing on one outlet)异径四通（一个直通口及分支口为异径）reducing cross (reducing on one run and outlet)异径四通（两个分支口为异径）reducing cross (reducing on both outlet)异径四通（一个直通口及两个分支口为异径）reducing cross (reducing on one run and both outlet) 异径管reducer同心异径管concentric reducer偏心异径管eccentric reducer锻制异径管reducing swage螺纹支管台threadolet焊接支管台weldolet承插支管台sockolet弯头支管台elbolet斜接支管台latrolet镶入式支管嘴sweepolet短管支管台nipolet支管台，插入式支管台boss管接头coupling, full coupling半管接头half coupling异径管接头reducing coupling活接头union内外螺纹缩接（俗称补芯）bushing管帽cap (C)堵头plug短节nipple异径短节reducing nipple; swage nipple1.3 弯管Bend预制弯管fabricated pipe bend跨越弯管（^ 形）cross-over bend偏置弯管（~ 形）offset bend90°弯管quarter bend环形弯管cirele bend单侧偏置90°弯管（? 形）single offset quarter bendS形弯管“S” bend单侧偏置U形膨胀弯管（| ?形）single offset “U” bendU形弯管“U” bend双偏置U膨胀弯管double offset expansion “U” bend斜接弯管mitre bend三节斜接弯管3-piece mitre bend折皱弯管corrugated bend圆度roundness1.4 法兰Flange (FLG）整体管法兰integral pipe flange钢管法兰steel pipe flange螺纹法兰threaded flange滑套法兰（包括平焊法兰）slip-on flange (SO); slip-on welding flange 承插焊法兰socket welding flange松套法兰lap joint flange (LJF)对焊法兰welding neckflange (WNF)法兰盖blind flange, blind孔板法兰orifice flange异径法兰reducing flange盘座式法兰pad type flange松套带颈法兰loose hubbed flange焊接板式法兰welding plate flange对焊环welding neck collar （与stub end相似）平焊环welding-on collar突缘短节stub end, lap翻边端lapped pipe end松套板式法兰loose plate flange压力级pressure rating, pressure rating class压力—温度等级pressure-temperature rating法兰密封面，法兰面flange facing突面raised face (RF)凸面male face (MF)凹面female face (FMF)榫面tongue face槽面groove face环连接面ring joint face全平面；满平面flat face; full face (FF)光滑突面smooth raised face (SRF)法兰面加工facing finish粗糙度roughness光滑的smooth齿形serrated均方根root mean square (RMS)算术平均粗糙高度arithmetical average roughness height (AARH)配对法兰companion-flange螺栓圆bolt circle (B.C.)1.5 垫片Gasket (GSKT)垫片的型式type of gasket平垫片flat gasket环形平垫片flat ring gasket平金属垫片flat metal gasket夹棉织物的橡胶elastomer with cotton fabric insertion夹石棉织物的橡胶elastomer with asbestos fabric insertion夹石棉织物及金属丝加强的橡胶elastomer with asbestos fabric insertion and with wire reinforcement无石墨压缩白石棉垫片non graphited compressed white asbestos gasket天然白橡胶垫片natural white rubber gasket压缩石棉垫片compressed asbestos class gasket浸聚四氟乙烯的石棉垫片PTFE impregnated asbestos gasket夹石棉的缠绕金属垫片spiral-wound metal gasket with asbestos filler内环inner ring外环，外定位环outer ring波纹金属垫片corrugated metal gasket波纹金属包嵌石棉垫片corrugated metal gasket with asbestos inserted双夹套波纹金属包石棉垫片corrugated metal double jacketed asbestos filled gasket 双夹套垫片double jacketed gasket金属包石棉平垫片flat metal jacketed asbestos filled gasket整体金属齿形垫片solid metal serrated gasket槽形金属垫片grooved metal gasket环形连接金属垫片ring joint metal gasket八角环形垫片octagonal ring gasket椭圆环形垫片oval ring gasket透镜式垫片lens gasket非金属垫片non-metallic gasket1.6 阀门Valve1.6.1 阀门结构、零件阀轭yoke外螺纹阀杆及阀轭outside screw and yoke (OS & Y)阀杆stem内螺纹inside screw (IS)阀轭套yoke sleeve阀杆环stem ring阀座valve seat (body seat)阀座环、密封圈seat ring整体（阀）座integral seat堆焊（阀）座deposited seat阀芯（包括密封圈、杆等内件）trim阀盘disc阀盘密封圈disc seat阀体body阀盖bonnet阀盖衬套bonnet bush螺纹阀帽screw cap螺纹阀盖screw bonnet螺栓连接的阀盖bolted bonnet (BB)活接阀盖（帽）union bonnet (cap)螺栓连接的阀帽bolted cap (BC)焊接阀盖welded bonnet (WB)本体阀杆密封body stem seal石棉安全密封asbestos emenen seal倒密封back seal压力密封的阀盖pressure-tight bonnet动力操纵器powered operator电动操纵器electric motor operator气动操纵器pneumatic operator液压操纵器hydraulic operator快速操纵器quick-acting operator滑动阀杆sliding stem正齿轮传动spur gear operated伞齿轮传动bevel gear operated扳手操作wrench operated链轮chain wheel手轮hand wheel手柄hand lever (handle)气缸（或液压缸）操纵的cylinder operated链条操纵的chain operated等径孔道full bore; full port异径孔道reducing bore, reduced port,venturi port 短型short pattern紧凑型（小型）compact type笼式环lantern ring压盖gland阀杆填料stem packing阀盖垫片bonnet gasket升杆式（明杆）rising stem (RS)非升杆式（暗杆）non-rising stem (NRS)指示器/限位器indicator/stopper注油器grease injector可更换的阀座环renewable seat ring1.6.2 常用阀(1）闸阀gate valve平行双闸板double disc parallel seat开口楔形闸板split wedge挠性整体楔形闸扳flexible solid wedge整体楔形闸板solid wedge塞型闸阀plug gate valve直通型闸阀through conduit gate valve(2) 截止阀globe valve球心型阀盘globe type disc塞型阀盘plug type disc可转动的阀盘swivel disc(3) 节流闪阀throttle valve针阀needle valve(4) 角阀angle valve(5) Y型阀（Y 型阀体截止阀）Y-valve (Y-body globe valve)(6) 球阀ball valve三通球阀3-way ball valve装有底轴的trunnion mounted耐火型fire safe type浮动球型floating ball type防脱出阀杆blowout proof stem(7) 蝶阀butterfly valve对夹式（薄片型）wafer type凸耳式lug type偏心阀板蝶阀offset disc burerfly valve; eccentric butterfly valve 斜阀盘蝶阀canted disc butterfly valve连杆式蝶阀link butterfly valve8) 柱塞阀piston type valve(9) 旋塞阀plug valve三通旋塞阀three-way plug valve四通旋塞阀four-way plug valve旋塞cock衬套旋塞sleeve cock(10) 隔膜阀diaphragm valve橡胶衬里隔膜阀rubber lined diaphragm valve直通式隔膜阀straight way diaphragm valve堰式隔膜阀weir diaphragm valve(11) 夹紧式胶管阀pinch valve（用于泥浆、粉尘等）(12) 止回阀check valve升降式止回阀lift check valve旋启式止回阀swing check valve, flap check valve落球式止回阀ball check valve弹簧球式止回阀spring ball check valve双板对夹式止回阀dual plate wafer type check valve无撞击声止回阀non-slam cheek valve底阀foot valve切断式止回阀stop check valve; non-return valve活塞式止回阀piston check valve斜翻盘止回阀tilting disc check valve蝶式止回阀butterfly check valve1.6.3 其它用途的阀安全泄气阀safety valve (SV)安全泄液阀relief valve (RV)安全泄压阀safety relief valve杠杆重锤式lever and weight type引导阀操纵的安全泄气阀pilot operated safety valve复式安全泄气阀twin type safety valve罐底排污阀flush-bottom tank valve电磁阀solenoid valve, solenoid operated valve电动阀electrically operated valve, electric-motor operated valve气动阀pneumatic operated valve低温用阀cryogenic service valve蒸汽疏水阀steam trap机械式疏水阎mechanical trap浮桶式疏水阀open bucket trap, open top bucket trap浮球式疏水阀float trap倒吊桶式疏水阀inverted bucket trap自由浮球式疏水阀loose float trap恒温式疏水阀thermostatic trap金属膨胀式蒸汽疏水阀metal expansion steam trap液体膨胀式蒸汽疏水阀liquid expansion steam trap双金属膨胀式蒸汽疏水阀bimetallic expansion steam trap压力平衡式恒温疏水阀balanced pressure thermostatic trap热动力式疏水阀thermodynamic trap脉冲式蒸汽疏水阀impulse steam trap放气阀（自动放气阀）air vent valve (automatic air vent valve) （疏水阀用）平板式滑动闸阀slab type sliding gate valve盖阀flat valve换向阀diverting valve, reversing valve热膨胀阀thermo expansion valve自动关闭阀self-closing gate valve自动排液阀self-draining valve管道盲板阀line-blind valve挤压阀squeeze valve（用于泥浆及粉尘等）呼吸阀breather valve风门、挡板damper减压阀pressure reducing valve, reducing valve控制阀control valve膜式控制阀diaphragm operated control valve执行机构actuator背压调节阀back pressure regulating valve差压调节阀differential pressure regulating valve压力比例调节阀pressure ratio regulating valve1.6.4 未指明结构（或阀型）的阀切断阀block valve; shut-off valve; stop valve调节阀regulating valve快开阀quick opening valve快闭阀quick closing valve隔断阀isolating valve三通阀three way valve夹套阔jacketed valve非旋转式阀non-rotary valve排污阀blowdown valve集液排放阀drip valve排液阀drain valve放空阀vent valve卸载阀unloading valve排出阀discharge valve吸入阀suction valve多通路阀multiport valve取样阀sampling valve手动阀hand-operated valve; manually operated valve 锻造阀forged valve铸造阀cast valve（水）龙头bibb; bib; faucet抽出液阀（小阀）bleed valve旁路阀by-pass valve软管阀hose valve混合阀mixing valve破真空阀vacuum breaker冲洗阀flush valve第一道阀；根部阀primary valve根部阀root valve总管阀header valve事故切断阀emergency valve1.7 管道特殊件Piping Specialty1.7.1 管道特殊件（组件）粗滤器strainer过滤器filter临时粗滤器（锥型）temporary strainer (cone type)y 型粗滤器y-type strainerT型粗滤器T-type strainer永久过滤器permanent filter丝网粗滤器gauze strainer洗眼器及淋浴器eye washer and shower视镜sight glass阻火器flame arrester喷嘴；喷头spray nozzle取样冷却器sample cooler消声器silencer膨胀节expansion joint波纹膨胀节bellow expansion joint单波single bellow双波double bellow多波multiple bellow压力平衡式膨胀节pressure balanced expansion带铰链膨胀节hinged expansion joint轴向位移型膨胀节axial movement type expansion joint 自均衡膨胀节（外加强环）self-equalizing expansion joint 带接杆膨胀节tied expansion joint万向型膨胀节universal type expansion joint球形补偿器ball type expansion joint填函式补偿器slip type (packed type) expansion joint单向滑动填料函补偿器single actionpacked slip joint1.7.2 管道特殊元件Piping Special Element软管接头hose connection (HC)快速接头quick coupling金属软管metal hose橡胶管rubber hose挠性管flexible tube鞍形补强板reinforcing saddles补强板reinforcement pad特殊法兰special flange漏斗funnel排液环drip ring排液漏斗drain funnel插板blank垫环spacer8字盲板spectacle blind; figure 8 blind限流孔板restriction orifice爆破片rupture disk法兰盖贴面protective disc费托立克接头victaulic coupling1.8 端部连接End Connection法兰端flanged end坡口端beveled end (BE)对焊端butt welded end平端plain end (PE)承插焊端socket welding end螺纹端threaded end (TE)承口bell end焊接端welding end法兰连接（接头）flanged joint对焊连接（接头）butt welded joint螺纹连接，管螺纹连接threaded joint, pipe threaded joint 锥管螺纹密封焊连接seal-welded taper pipe threaded joint 承插焊连接（接头）socket welded joint承插连接（接头）bell and spigot joint环垫接头ring joint (RJ)万向接头universal joint软钎焊连接（接头）soldered joint搭接接头，松套连接lapped joint外侧厚度切斜角bevel for outside thickncss内侧厚度切斜角bevel for inside thickness内外侧厚度切斜角bevel for combined thickness法兰式的flanged (FLGD)对焊的butt welded (BW)螺纹的threaded (THD)承插焊的socket welded (SW)小端为平的small end plain (SEP)大端为平的large end plain (LEP)两端平both ends plain (BEP)小端带螺纹small end thread (SET)大端带螺纹large end thread (LET)两端带螺纹both end thread (BET)一端带螺纹one end thread (OET)支管连接branch connection焊接支管branch pipe welded directly to the run pipe 2 管道用紧固件及螺纹2.1 紧固件螺栓 bolt六角头螺栓 hexagonal head bolt方头螺栓 square head bolt螺柱，双头螺栓 stud bolt环头螺检 eye bolt沉头螺栓 countersunk (head) screw地脚螺栓 anchor bolt; foundation bolt 松紧螺旋扣（花篮螺丝） turnbuckleU形螺栓 U-boltT形螺栓 T-bolt圆头螺钉 round head bolt机螺栓，机螺钉 maehine bolt顶开螺栓，顶起螺栓 Jack screw自攻螺钉 self tapping screw膨胀螺栓 expansion bolt粗制的 coarse精制的 finished, fine螺母 nut六角螺母 hexagonal nut方螺母 square nut蝶形螺母 wing nut扁螺母 flat nut锁紧螺母 lock nut垫圈 washer平垫圈 plain washer球面垫圈 spherical washer弹簧垫圈 spring washer方垫圈 square washer斜垫圈 slant washer销轴 pinned shan销 pin开口销 cotter pin定位销 dowel pin带孔销 pin with hole圆锥销 taper pin铆钉 rivet键 key2.2 螺纹左螺纹left hand thread右螺纹 right hand thread管螺纹 pipe thread锥管螺纹 taper pipe thread直管螺纹straight pipe thread梯形螺纹 trapezoid thread螺距pitch of thread粗牙螺纹coarse thread细牙螺纹 fine thread特细牙螺纹extra fine thread通长螺纹full thread惠氏螺纹whitworth thread公制螺纹 metric ibread美国标准锥管螺纹 American standard taper pipe thread (NPT) 螺孔 tap3 材料、型钢及填料3.1 金属材料3.1.1 黑色金属 Ferrous Metal碳素钢 carbon steel (CS)低碳钢 low-carbon steel中碳钢 medium-carbon steel高碳钢 high-carbon steel普通碳素钢 general carbon steel优质碳素钢 high-quality carbon steel普通低合金结构钢 general structure low-alloy steel合金结构钢 structural alloy steel合金钢 alloy steel低合金钢 low alloy steel中合金钢 medium alloy steel高合金钢 high alloy steel耐热钢 heat resisting steel高强度钢 high strength steel复合钢 clad steel工具钢 tool steel弹簧钢 spring steel钼钢 molybdenum steel镍钢 nickel steel铬钢 chromium steel铬钼钢 chrome-molybdenum steel铬镍钢 chromium-nickel steel,chrome-nickel steel 不锈钢 stainless steel (S.S.)奥氏体不锈钢 Austenitic stainless steel马氏体不锈钢 Martensitic stainless steel司特来合金（钨铬钴台金） Stellite耐蚀耐热镍基合金 Hastelloy铬镍铁合金 inconel耐热铬镍铁合金 incoloy20合金 20 alloy平炉钢（马丁钢） Martin steel镇静钢 killed steel半镇静钢 semi-killed steel沸腾钢 rimmed steel; rimming steel; open-steel锻钢 forged steel铸钢 cast steel铸铁 cast iron (C.I.)灰铸铁 grey cast iron可锻铸铁 malleable iron (MI)球墨铸铁 nodular cast iron; nodular graphite iron 生铁 pig iron熟铁，锻铁 wrought iron铸件 casting高硅铸铁 high silicon cast iron3.1.2 镀层及制造方法渗铬钢，镀铬钢 chromized steel镀铬的 chromium-plated, chrome-plated镀层 plating锻造，型钢 swage锻造的，锻造 forging轧制 rolling热轧 hot rolling冷轧 cold rolling挤压 extruding冷加工 cold working热加工 hot working拔制 drawing3.1.3 有色金属Non-ferrous Metal铝 aluminum铜，紫铜 copper黄铜 brass青铜 bronze铝青铜 aluminum bronze磷青铜 phosphor bronze铝镁合金 aluminum magnesium锰青铜 manganese bronze蒙乃尔（注：镍及铜合金） Monel镍铜台金 nickel copper alloy非铁合金 nonferrous alloy钛 titanium铅 lead硬铅 hard lead3.1.4 材料性能极限强度 ultimate strength抗拉强度 tensile strength屈服极限 yield limit屈服点 yield point延伸率 percentage elongation抗压强度 compressive strength抗弯强度 bending strength弹性极限 elastic limit冲击值 impact value疲劳极限 fatigue limit蠕变极限 creep limit持久极限 endurance limit布氏硬度 Brinell hardness洛氏硬度 Rockwell hardness维氏硬度 Vickers diamond hardness, diamond penetrator hardness 蠕变断裂强度 creep rupture strength断面收缩率 reduction of area韧性 toughess脆性 brittleness延性 ductility冷脆 cold shortness冷流 cold flow3.2 非金属材料 Non-metallic Material塑料 plastic丙烯腈—丁二烯—苯乙烯 acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) 聚乙烯 polyethylene (PE)聚氯乙烯 polyvinyl chloride (PVC)苯乙烯橡胶 styrene-rubber (SR)聚丁烯 polybutylene (PB)聚丙烯 polypropylene (PP)聚苯乙烯 polystyrene (PS)氯化聚醚 chlorinated polyether (CPE)聚酰胺 polyamide (PA)聚碳酸酯 polycarbonate (PC)聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯 polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA)醋酸丁酸纤维素cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB)氯化聚氯乙烯 chlorinated polyvinyl chloride (CPVC)聚偏二氟乙烯 polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)缩醛塑料 acetal plastic尼龙塑料 nylon plastic聚烯烃 polyolefin (PO)石墨酚醛塑料 graphite phenolic plastics聚四氟乙烯 polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)纤维增强热塑性塑料 fiber reinforced thermoplastics热塑性塑料 thermoplastic热固性塑料 thermosetting plastics胶粘剂 adhesive溶剂胶接剂 solvent cement树脂 resin环氧树脂 epoxy, epoxy resin聚酯树脂 polyester resin聚酯纤维 polyester fibers氟塑料 fluoroplastics聚氨基甲酸酯 polyurethane丙烯酸树脂 acrylic resin脲醛树脂 urea resin呋哺树脂 furan resin乙烯丙烯二烃单体 ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) 合成橡胶 synthetic rubber橡胶 rubber丁腈橡胶 nitrile butadiene rubber氯丁橡胶 neoprene天然橡胶 natural rubber乙丙橡胶 ethylene propylene rubber (EPR)玻璃 glass硼硅玻璃 borosilicate glass耐火砖 fire brick陶瓷 ceramic搪瓷 porcelain enamel木材 wood3.3 型材型钢 shaped steel, section steel, swage角钢 angle steel槽钢 channel工字钢 I-beam宽缘工字钢或H钢 wide flanged beamT型钢 T-bar方钢 square bar扁钢 flat bar角钢 hexagonal steel bar圆钢 round steel; rod钢带 strap steel钢板 plate网纹钢板 checkered plate腹板（指型钢的立板） web翼缘（指型钢的缘） wing3.4 填料及填料函填料 packing石棉绳 asbestos rope, asbestos cord．O形环 O-ring自密封 self-sealing四氟带 Teflon tap带铬镍合金丝的石棉绳 asbestos rope with inconel wire, inconel wire asbestos浸聚四氟乙烯的石棉填料 Teflon impregnated asbestos packing金属填料 metallic stuffing填料箱，填料函 packing box, stuffing box填料函压盖 stuffing box gland4 管道等级及材料统计4.1 管道材料规定 Piping Material Specification管道等级 piping class; piping classification管道等级号 class designation公称直径 nominal diameter (DN); nominal (pipe) size公称压力 nominal pressure (PN)压力级，等级，类别 class (CL)低压 low pressure (L.P.)中压 medium pressure (M.P.)高压 high pressure (H.P.)大气压 atmosphere (ATM)真空 vacuum工作压力 operating pressure; working pressure设计压力 design pressure工作温度 operating temperature设计温度 design temperature环境温度 ambient temperature腐蚀裕量 corrosion allowance管道附件 piping attachment管道元件 piping element壁厚 wall thickness (WT)壁厚系列号 schedule number (SCH. No.)加厚的，加强的 extra heavy, extra strong双倍加厚的，双倍加强的 double extra heavy, double extra strong通用连接组 typieal installation分组（类）形式（如管道等级表） block form数据库 data base文件 file4.2 材料统计 Material Take-off (MTO)汇总表 summary sheet材料表 bill of material (BM)综合管道材料表 consolidated piping material summary sheet (CPMSS) 统计材料准确度 accuracy of take-off材料情况报告 material status report (MSR)散装材料 bulk material编位号的 itemized代码 code number短代码 short code数量 quantity (QTY)重力 weight净重 net weight毛重 gross weight5 设备布置及管道布置Plot Plan and Piping Layout,Equipment and Piping Arrangement5.1 设备名称 Equipment Name5.1.1 容器 Vessel(1) 塔 tower, column洗涤塔 scrubber吸收塔 absorber冷却塔 cooling tower精馏塔 fractionating tower蒸馏塔 distillation tower再生塔 regenering tower造粒塔 prflling tower汽提塔 stripper脱气塔 degasifier合成塔 synthesis tower(2) 反应器 reactor聚台釜 polymerizer转化器，变换器 converter脱硫反应器 desulphurization reactor 甲烷化器 methanator(3) 气柜 gas-holder螺旋式气柜 helical gas-holder湿式气柜 wet gas-holder干式气柜 dry gas-holder(4) 槽罐贮罐 tank; storage tank缓冲罐 knock out drum球罐 spheroid, spherical tank罐 drum接受槽 receiver计量槽 measuring tank加料槽 feed tank排污罐 blow down tank闪蒸罐 flash drum汽包 steam drum溶液贮槽 solution storage tank地下槽 sloptank(5) 其它设备分离器 separator旋风分离器 cyclone分子筛 molecular sieve脱氧器 deaerator搅拌器 agitator干燥器 dryer混合器 mixer萃取器 extractor结晶器 crystallizer澄清器 gravity settler净化器 purifier气化器 vaporizer吸附器 adsorber融解槽 melter减温器 desuperheater升压器 booster喷射器 ejector喷头 sprayer火炬 flare消声器 silencer(6) 换热器、加热器、冷却器换热器 heat exchanger空冷器 air cooler水冷却器 water cooler冷凝器 condenser螺旋板式换热器 spiral plate heat exchanger 蒸发器 evaporator再沸器 reboiler急冷器 quencher深冷器 chiller预热器 preheater再热器 reheater加热器 heater电加热器 electric heater过热器 super heater给水加热器 feed water heater中间冷却器 inter cooler后冷却器 after cooler5.1.2 工业炉及锅炉炉子 furnace烧嘴 burner锅炉 boiler烟囱 stack废热锅炉 waste heat boiler辅助锅炉 auxiliary boiler省煤器 economizer回热炉 direct-fired heater辐射段 radiant section对流段 convection section裂化炉 reformer焚烧炉 incinerator回转窑 rotary kiln炉管 furnace tube吹灰器 soot blower观察孔 observation door, peep door防爆门 explosion door5.2 辅助用房名称5.2.1 生产用房分析室 analyzer room变压器室 transformer room配电室，变电所 substation, switch room蓄电池室 battery room控制室 control room通风室 ventilating room贮藏室 storage room维修间 maintenance room办公室 office5.2.2 生活用房更农室 locker room盥洗室，厕所 closet, lavatory, toilet5.3 图名管道布置平面 piping arrangement plan (PAP)管道布置 piping layout轴测图 isometric drawing分区索引图 key plan初版设备布置图（“A”版）preliminary plot plan ( “A” issue)内部审查版设备布置图（“B”版）inrernal approval plot plan ( “B” issue)用户审查版设备布置图（“C”版) owner a pproval plot plan ( “C” issue)确认版设备布置图（“D”版）confirm plot plan ( “D” issue)研究版设备布置图（“e”版）planning plot plan ( “E” issue)设计版设备布置图（“F”）designing plot plan ( “F” issue)施工版设备布置图（“G”版）construction plot plan ( “G” issue)5.4 厂房、站、单元压缩机房 compressor house (room)泵房 pump house (room)洗眼站 eye washer station泡沫站 foam station软管站，公用工程站 hose station (HS), utility station成套设备 package unit设施 facilities罐区 tank yard空分装置 air separation facility5.5 设备布置设备位号 equipment item number工厂 plant工厂区界 plant limit项目区界内侧 inside battery limit (I.S.B.L.) 项目区界 batterylimit (BL)区界 area limit区域边界 zone iimit界外 off site东 east (E)西 west (W)南 south (S)北 north (N)上 up下 down工厂北向 plant north真实北向 true north道路 road小过道 cat walk, cat way走道，过道 walk way, gangway, access way污水坑（井） sump pit集水池 catch basin沟槽 through预留区 trough场地 future area铺砌区 paving area非铺砌区 unpaved area碎石铺面 gravel paving橡皮铺面 rubber paving面积，区域 area体积，容积 volume (VOL)5.6 管道布置管道设计 piping design管道研究 piping study走向研究 routing study重要管道 critical piping地上管道 above ground piping地下管道 under ground piping管网 network of pipes管廊 pipe rack管沟 piping trench管间距 line spacing管道跨距 line span总管 header, manifold旁路 by pass排液 drain放空 vent上升管，垂直管 riser导管 canduit裸管 bare iine管件直接 fitting to fitting (FTF)管段，接口 spool piece, spool取样接口 sampling connection集液包 drip leg伴热管 tracing pipe蒸汽伴热 steam tracing热水伴热 hot-water tracing电伴热 electrical tracing夹套管 jacketed line, jacketed piping全夹套的 full jacketed平面 plan详图 detail“ ”视图X view “X”“ ”剖视A-A section “A-A”连接图 hook up drawing接续图 continue on drawing (COD)接续线 match line (M.L.)比例 scale图例 legend符号 symbol管口表 list of nozzles方位 orientation管口方位 nozzle orientation定位 location相交 intersection水平的 horizontal垂直的，立式的 vertical垂直，正交，垂直的 perpendicular平行，平行的 parallel水平安装 horizontal installation垂直安装 vertical installafion对称的 symmetric相反（的），对面（的） opposite顺时针方向 clock wise逆时针方向 counter clock wise计算机辅助设计 computer aided design (CAD)5.7 图面标注绝对标高 abselute elevation海平面标高 over-sea mean level (OSL)标高，立面 elevation (EL)混凝土顶面 top of concrete架顶面 top of support (TOS)钢结构顶面 top of steel梁项面 top of beam (TOB)支撑点 point of suppon (POS)管顶 top of pipe (TOP)管底 bouom of pipe (BOP)沟底 boaom of trench管子内底 invert (inside bottom of pipe) 底平 flat on bottom (FOB)顶平 flat on top (FOT)工作点 working point (W.P.)面至面 face to face (F-F)中心至端面 center to end (C-E)中心至面 center to face (C-F)中心至中心，中至中 center to center (C-C) 坐标 coordinate坐标原点 origin of coordinate出口中心线 center line of discharge入口中心线 center line of suction中心线 centerline (CL)入口 inlet, suction出口 outlet, discharge排出口 exhaust距离 distance5.8 相关专业的专业词汇5.8.1 工艺(1) 图及表流程图 flow diagram工艺流程图 process flow diagram (PFD)管道及仪表流程图 piping andinstrument flow diagram (PID)公用工程流程图 utility flow diagram (UFD) 管线表 line list; line schedule命名表；管道表 nomenclature设备表 equipment list (schedule)(2) 流体 fluid空气 air仪表空气 instrument air工艺空气 process air低压蒸汽 low pressure steam中压蒸汽 medium pressure steam高压蒸汽 high pressure steam伴热蒸汽 tracing steam饱和蒸汽 saturated steam过热蒸汽 superheated steam氧气 oxygen氢气 hydrogen氮气 nitrogen燃料气 fuel gas天然气 natural gas火炬气 flare gas酸性气 sour gas液化石油气 liquefired petroleum gas (LPG) 氨气 ammonia gas冷却水 cooling循环水 circulating water锅炉给水 boiler feed water热水 hot water蒸汽冷凝水 steam condensate盐水 brine工艺水 process water化学污水 chemical sewage防腐剂 corrosion inhibitor重油 heavy oil石脑油 naphtha燃料油 fuel oil润滑油 lubricating oil密封油 sealing oil冷冻剂 refrigerant载热体 heating medium溶剂 solvent溶液 solution母液 mother liquor单体 monomer聚合物 polymer均聚物 homopolymer共聚物 copolymer工艺液体 process liquid工艺气体 process gas硫酸 sulphuric acid盐酸 chlorhydric acid硝酸 nitric acid烧碱 caustic soda(3) 流体特性 fluid characteristics蒸汽压 vapor pressure临界温度 critical temperature临界点 critical point临界压力 critical pressure比热 specific heat湿度 humidity密度 density比重 specific gravity粘度 viscosity闪点 flash point融点 melting point凝固点 freezing point浓度 concentration爆炸极限 limit of explosion有毒的 toxic可燃的；易燃的 flammable(4) 其它回收 recovery再生 regeneration循环 cireulatlon再循环；再生 recycle补充 make-up制备 preparation蒸汽吹扫 steaming out吹扫 purge抽空；排空 evacuation吹出 blow-off排污 blow down破真空 vacuum breaker大气腿 barometric leg备用 stand-by化学清洗 chemical cleaning净正吸入压头 net positive suction head (NPSH) 进料 feed成品 product污染 contamination大气污染 atmospheric pollution环境温度 ambient temperature5.8.2 建筑、结构建筑物 building钢结构 steel structure已有钢结构 existing steel structure钢筋混凝土结构 reinforced concrete construction 楼面 floor平台 platform (PF)地面 ground level栏杆 handrail楼梯 stair; stair way直梯 ladder柱 column; post; stanchion基础 foundation; footing粱 beam斜撑；支撑 bracing桁架；主粱 girder构件 member隔墙 partition wall墙 wall篦子板 grate; grating吊装孔 erection opening吊梁 hoisting beam棚 shelter窗 window天窗 skylight门 door防火门 fire door地漏 floor drain防火层 fire-proofing总图 general plot plan路肩 shoulder桩 pile灌浆 grouting风荷载 wind load雪荷载 snow load动力荷载 dynamic load静荷载 dead load活荷载 live load风速 wind velocity主导风向 most frequent wind direction5.8.3 仪表盘（操作盘） panel就地盘 local panel仪表盘 instrument panel常开 normally open常闭 normally closed电缆槽（架） cable tray (channel); cable rack 仪表电缆槽（架） instrument cable tray (duct) 压力计 manometer; pressure gauge热电偶 thermocouple温度计 thermometer液位计 level gauge玻璃液位计 gage glass温度计保护管 thermowell流量计 flow meter孔板 orifice变送器 transmitter联锁 interlock仪器；设备 apparatus仪器分析 instrumental analysis自动分析 automatic analysis气体分析 gas analysis化学分析 chemical analysis气相色谱仪 gas chromatograph液相色谱仪 liquid chromatograph质谱分析 mass spectrometric analysis5.8.4 电气危险区划分 hazardous area classification危险区平面图 hazardous area plan电气盘 electrical panel配电盘 switch board电缆沟 cable trench电流 current直流 direct current交流 alternating current频率 frequency相位 phase功率因数 power factor电压 voltage电阻 resistance电容 capacitance静电 static electricity接地 grounding; easthing照明 lighting; illumination避雷针 lightning preventer电话 telephone电线 wire接线箱（盒） junction box导线管 conduit tube5.8.5 设备固定鞍座 fixed saddle滑动鞍座 sliding saddle管口 nozzle人孔 manhole (MH)手孔 handhole (HH)检查孔 inspection hole吊柱 davit切线 tangent line焊接线 weldingiine件号 part humbet椭圆形封头 ellipsoidal head加强圈 reinforcing ring接地板 earth lug吊耳 lifting lug气缸 cylinder轴 shaft轴承 bearing附件，附属设备 accessory编位号设备 itemized equipment无位号设备 non-itemized equipment 5.8.6 水道(1) 流体原水 raw water硬水 hard water软水 soft water饮用水 potable water循环冷却水给水 cooling water supply 循环冷却水回水 cooling water return 脱盐水 demineralized water。
(完整word版)给排水专业英语汇总
UNIT 1给水工程water supply engineering 排水工程sewage engineering市政工程civil engineering市政工程师civil engineer环境工程environmental engineering 水文学hydrology水力学hydranlies水环境natural aquatic environment 流域watershed水体waterbody地表水surface water淡水freshwater地下水groundwater含水层aquifer天然含水层natural aquifer地下含水层underground aquifer水文循环natural hydrologic cycle 渗滤infiltration降水precipitation渗入precolation蒸发evaporation蒸腾transpiration城市水文循环urban hydrologic cycle 水源water source水资源water resource取水water withdrawal水处理water treatment配水water distribution用水water use污水sewage废水wastewater废水收集wastewater collection废水处理wastewater disposal受纳水体receiving waters污染pollution pollute污染物pollutant玷污、污染contamination致污物contaminant未污染uncontaminated水污染water pollution水污染控制water pollution control水污染防治water pollution prevention污水回用wastewater reuseUNIT 2水短缺water scarcity地表水资源surface water resource管网Pipe Network供水系统water supply system市政配水系统municipal distribution system建筑给水系统house water supply system分区供水系统dual distribution system小区micro district小社区small community冷水供水系统cold water supply system热水供水系统hot water supply system消防系统fire protection system喷淋系统fire protection sprinkler system自动水幕系统automatic drencher system半自动水幕系统semi automatic drencher system消火栓hydrant排水系统drainage system生活排水系统sanitary system工业排水系统industrial system雨水排水系统stormwater system合流制combined sewers分流制separate sewers建筑排水系统building drainage system卫生洁具plumbing fixtures卫浴设备bathroom fixtures输水系统water transmission system漏水率leakage rate配水系统water distribution system环状管网grid (looped)system支状管网branching(branched) system下水管道sanitary sewer污水节流管intercepting(中间截取) sewer污水节流系统intercepting sewer system污水节流井sewage intercepting well支管collection (目的：收集)sewer collector sewer生活污水sanitary sewagedomestic sewagedomestic wastewater工业污水industrial wastewater工业污水/液/物industrial wastes农业用水agricultural wastewater/wastes雨水rainwater stormwater水位waterlevel海拔、标高elevation坡度grade倾斜度slope明渠Open channel开挖ex cava tion深度excavation depth水力分析hydraulic analysis水头pressure head总水头total headUnit 3 水头损失Head loss速度头动压头Velocity head静压Static head摩擦水头Friction head水力坡度线Hydranlic grade line 重力流Gravity flow水塔Water castle贮水箱Cistern泵站Pump station给水泵站Water pump station污水泵站Sewage station提升泵站Lift pumping plant增压泵Booster pump离心泵Centrifugal pump潜水泵Submer sible pump潜水艇Submerine深井泵Well pump虹吸虹吸管Siphon人孔Manhole法兰Flange阀门Valve闸阀Gate valve泵送系统Pumping system流量Flow rate流速Fluid velocity 层流Laminar flow滞流粘性流viscous flow过渡流Transitional flow湍流Turbulent flow紊流Turbulence flow涡流Eddying flow雷诺数Teynolds number水质Water guality水源Water sources供水水源Water supples原水Raw water未处理水Untreated water出水Finished water原水水质Raw-water quality水质标准Water quality standards水质要求Water quality requirements饮用水Drink water\potable water自来水Tap water纯水Pure water饮用水标准Drinking water standards饮用水一级标Primary drinking water standards最大允许浓度Maxmum permissible levelsmaxmum allowable levels最大污染物浓度Maxmum contaminant levels主要污染物Primary contaminants有机化合物Organic chemicals合成有机化合物Synthetic organic chemicals挥发性有机化合物V olatile organic ohemicals无机化合物Inorganic chemical微生物Micro organisms\microbes微生物污染Microbial contaminants病原微生物Pathogenic micro organisms病原体Pathogenic病毒Pathogenic bacterin细菌Bacteria大肠杆菌Coliform bacteria病毒Viruses藻类Algae浊度Turbidity放射性Radionuclide感官性状Esthetic qualities审美Esthetic味Taste嗅Odo色Colour变色Discolouration变色Discolor水质物理参数Physical parameters of water quality水的物理性质Physical quality of water浊度值Turbidity values浊度单位Turdidity unit浑浊单位Turdid嗅阈值Threshold odor number化学性质Chemical quality水质化学参数Chemical parameters of water quality溶解氧Dissolved oxygen (DO)溶解氧浓度Do level溶解氧平衡Do balance氧损Oxygen depletion有机污染物Organic pollutant生化需氧量Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD)总氮Total nitrogen (TN)总凯式氮Total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN)悬浮固体Suspended solids (SS)总悬浮固体Total suspended solids (TSS)溶解Dissolved (DS)总溶解Total dissolved (TDS)Unit 4溶解的铁和锰Dissolved iron and manganese硬度Hardness碱度Alkalinity盐度Salinity有害物质Toxic and hazardous materials氰化物Cyanides急性毒性Acute toxity慢性毒性Chronic toxity基因毒性Genetic toxicity基因Gene难降解有机化合物Refractory organic chemicals 永久性有机污染物Persistent organic pollutants 致癌化学性Carcinogenic chemicals三卤甲烷Trihalo methanes卤素Halogen甲基Methyl氯仿Trichloromethane三氯甲烷Chloroform杀虫剂农药Pesticide害虫Pest杀虫剂Insecticide除草剂Herbicide杀菌剂Germicide细菌Germ防腐剂Preservative 保证Preserve清洗剂Cleaning agent洗涤剂Detergent发泡剂Foaming agent泡沫Foam化肥Fertilizer肥沃的Fertile富营养化Eutrophication营养的Trophic营养水平Trophic level生态位NicheUnit 5原污水Raw sewage原废水Raw wastes处理水Treated wastes回用水Redaimed water水处理过程Water processing收集Collect处置Dispose处理方法Treatment method处理费用Treatment costs处理单元Treatment process运行模式Operational mode间歇处理方式Batch treatment approach均匀均化Equalization均匀Equalize调蓄水池Equalization storage调节池Equalization tank蓄水池Storage tank降解Degrade分解Decompose分离Separate隔离Separation物理法Physical process物理处理Physical treatment物理处理过程Physical treatment process一级处理Primary treatment初步处理Preliminary treatment格栅筛滤Screening格栅Screen格栅Bar screen栅条Bars钢栅条Steel bars渣耙Cleaning rakes圆形破碎机Circular grinder破碎Grind除砂Degritting砂Grit沙Sand除砂Grit removal沉砂池Grit chamber沉淀Settling沉淀池Settling tank澄清池Clarifier初澄清池Primary clarifier初沉池Primary settling tank一级出水Primary effluent二级处理Secondary treatment二级处理工艺Secondary treatment process生物处理Biological treatment二澄清池Secondary clarifier二沉池Secondary settling tank最终澄清池Final clarifier最终沉淀池Final settling tank二级出水Secondary effluent三级处理Tertiary treatment深度处理Advanced treatment废水消毒Waste disinfection出流出水Effluent flow允许浓度Allowable levels优异出水High-quality polished effluent废水处理厂Wastewater treatment plant污水处理厂Sewage treatment plant二级处理厂Secondary treatment plant城市污水处理Municipal wastewater treatment市政工程Municipal engineering土木工程Civil engineering城市污水处理厂Municipal wastewater treatment plant 污水处理能力Sewage treatment capacity电容Capacitance污水处理设施Municipal treatment facilities 多反应器设施Multi-reactor facility处理池Treatment tank负荷Load负荷Loadings水力负荷Hydrautic loading污染负荷Pollutant load有机负荷Organic load无机负荷Inorganic load不含化肥、农药无机的Unorganic周期性负荷Periodic(intermitlent) loading 第五部分：物化处理1．混凝n. coagulation混凝过程coagulation process化学混凝chemical coagulation凝聚n. aggregation絮凝n. flocculationv. flocculate异向絮凝perikinetic flocculation同向絮凝orthokinetic flocculation混凝剂n. coagulant混凝剂投量coagulant dosage烧杯实验jar test最佳混凝剂投量optimum coagulant dosage助凝剂coagulant aid助凝剂flocculation aid聚电解质n. polyelectrolytes快速混合flash-mix ,rapid-mix快速混合器flash mixer ,rapid mixer混合池mixer tank快速混合池flash-mix tank絮凝器n. flocculator絮凝池flocculation tank固体接触池solids-contact tank澄清n. clarificationv. clarify澄清池n. clarifier高负荷澄清池high rate clarifier澄清水clarifying water2．沉淀n. sedimentation沉降n. sedimentation自由沉降plain settling拥挤沉降hindered settling重力沉降gravity settling沉淀池settling tank沉淀池，沉降池sedimentation tank矩形沉淀池rectangular settling tank圆形沉淀池circular settling tank管式沉淀池tube settler斜管沉淀池steeply inclined tube settler板式沉淀池parallel-plate settler板式沉淀池plate separator气浮n. floatation泡沫分离foam separation溶气气浮dissolved-air floatation气浮池floatation tank表面撇渣装置surface-skimming device撇去v. skim浮渣n. scum浮渣槽scum trough刮泥机sludge scraper排泥sludge drawoffsludge withdrawal预沉淀n. presedimentation预沉淀池presedimentation basin3．过滤n. filtration滤池n. filter慢滤池slow filter快滤池rapid filter高速（负荷）滤池high rate filter 砂滤池sand filter慢砂滤池slow sand filter快砂滤池rapid sand filter重力滤池gravity filter压力滤池pressure filter过滤介质，滤料filter medium石英砂silica sand无烟煤n. anthracite硅藻土diatomaceous earth 煤—砂滤床coal-sand beds多层滤料multilayered media混合滤料mixed media双层滤料滤池dual media filter 双层滤池two-layer filter粗滤料coarse media细滤料fine media助滤剂filter aid滤后水，滤出水filtered water滤后水，滤池出水filter effluent 滤前水，滤池进水filter influent 浊度穿透turbidity breakthrough过滤周期filter cycle清洗周期cleaning cycle刮砂法scraping method表面刮砂surface scraping反冲洗backwashing水力反冲洗hydraulic backwashing 水力反冲洗hydraulic backwash水力分级hydraulic grading 4．消毒n. disinfectionv. disinfect消毒剂n. disinfectantdisinfection agent杀菌剂n. germicide消毒过程disinfection process消毒副产物disinfection by-products氯化n. chlorinationv. chlorinate氯化水chlorinated water预氯化n. prechlorination氯化消毒副产物by-products of chlorination化学消毒剂chemical disinfectants液氯liquid chlorine ,liquefied chlorine氯胺n. chloramines次氯酸盐hypochlorites次氯酸钠sodium hypochlorite二氧化氯chlorine dioxide臭氧n. ozone臭氧化，臭氧消毒n. ozonation臭氧化v. ozonate紫外线(UV) ultraviolet radiation (UV)伽马射线gamma radiation灭活n. inactivationv. inactivate接触时间contact time需氯量chlorine demand加氯量，投氯量chlorine dosage ,applied chlorine自由氯，游离氯free chlorine ,free available chlorine化合氯combined chlorine剩余保护residual protection余氯residual chlorine余氯量chlorine residual自由余氯free residual chlorine自由氯余量free chlorine residual化合余氯combined residual chlorine化合氯余量combined chlorine residuals折点氯化（法）breakpoint chlorination折点氯化曲线breakpoint chlorination curve折点加氯量breakpoint dosage氯折点chlorine breakpoint压力钢瓶pressured steel cylinder臭氧发生器ozone generator需臭氧量ozone demand剩余臭氧量ozone residual剩余臭氧residual ozone致病微生物，病源微生物pathogenic microorganisms病原体n. pathogens致病细菌或病毒pathogenic bacteria or viruses细菌n. bacteria大肠杆菌coliform bacteria阿米巴氏菌amoebic cysts孢子，芽孢n. spores病毒n. viruses藻类n. algae原生动物n. protozoa5．氧化n. oxidation还原n. reduction氧化剂n. oxidant强氧化剂strong oxidizing agent高级氧化法(AOP) advanced oxidation process 高级氧化工艺(AOP) advanced oxidation process 高级氧化过程(AOP) advanced oxidation process 高级氧化技术(AOT)advanced oxidation technology6．吸附n. adsorption活性炭(AC) activated carbon粉末炭(PAC) powdered activated carbon粒状炭(GAC) granular activated carbon颗粒活性炭(GAC) granular activated carbon活性炭纤维(ACF) activated carbon fiber再生n. regenerationv. regenerate吸附剂n. adsorbent吸附质n. adsorbate吸附塔，吸附柱adsorption column吸附床adsorption bed空床接触时间empty bed contact time吸附带mass transfer zone快速小柱试验rapid small scale column test生物活性炭(BAC) biological activated carbon7．离子交换n. ion exchange离子交换树脂ion exchange resin离子交换器ion exchanger离子交换柱ion exchange column硬度n. hardness除硬hardness removal软化n. softeningv. soften化学软化chemical softening沉淀软化precipitation softening除盐，脱盐n. desaltinationv. desalt去矿化n. demineralizationv. demineralize离子交换软化法ion exchange softening process离子交换除盐法ion exchange desalting process复床combined bed混合床mixed bed8．膜分离membrane separation微滤n. microfiltration超滤n. hyperfiltration纳滤n. nanofiltration反渗透reverse osmosis渗透n. osmosis半透膜semipermeable membrane电渗析n. electrodialysis渗析n. dialysis9．其它处理方法中和n. neutralizationv. neutralize酸性废水acidic wastes化学沉淀chemical precipitation沉淀软化precipitation softening电解n. electrolysis电除盐(EDI) n. electrodeionization吹脱、汽提法n. stripping冷却n. cooling冷却水cooling water冷却塔cooling tower第六部分生物处理生物反应器n. bioreactor微生物n.microorganismsn.microbes微生物种群microbial population混合群落mixed communities细菌n. bacteria原生动物n. protozoa真菌n. fungi轮虫n. rotifers生长n. growth繁殖n. reproduction世代时间generation time生长速率growth rates环境因子environmental factors生态因子ecological factors微生物生长动力学microbial growth kinetics1.迟滞期lag phase2.对数生长期exponential-growth phase3.减速生长期decling growth phase稳定期stationary phase4. 内源呼吸阶段endogenous stage内源生长期endogenous growth phase内源呼吸endogenous respiration底物，基质n. substrate底物（基质）利用substrate utilization生物量n. biomass生物反应biological reaction生物氧化biological oxidation生物降解n. biodegradation生物降解性n. biodegradability生物可降解的，可生物降解的 a. biodegradable不可生物降解的 a. nonbiodegradable生物处理biological treatment废水生物处理biological wastewater treatment废水生物处理系统biological wastewater treatment system污水生物处理系统biological sewage treatment system生物处理法biological treatment process生物处理装置biological treatment unit串联in series悬浮生长处理法suspended-growth treatment processes 生物固体biological solids活性污泥activated sludge附着生长处理法attached-growth treatment processes 附着的微生物attached microbes微生物附着生长attached microbial growth生物膜n. biofilm代谢n. metabolismv. metabolize稳定，稳定化n. stabilizationv. stabilize生物代谢biological metabolism微生物代谢microbial metabolism好氧的 a. aerobic好氧菌aerobic bacteria好氧微生物aerobic microorganisms好氧氧化aerobic oxidation厌氧的 a. anaerobic厌氧菌anaerobic bacteria厌氧氧化anaerobic oxidation兼性的 a. facultative兼性菌facultative bacteria好氧环境aerobic environment厌氧环境anaerobic environment营养物n. nutrients无机营养物inorganic nutrients营养物去除nutrient removal营养物生物去除biological nutrient removal脱氮除磷nitrogen and phosphorus removal生物硝化biological nitrification硝化菌nitrifying bacteria生物反硝化，生物脱氮biological denitrification生物除磷biological phosphorus removal1．活性污泥法activated sludge process微生物n. microorganisms n. microbes细菌n. bacteria生物絮体biological floc微生物絮体microbial floc活性污泥activated sludge絮状活性污泥flocculate-bacterial sludge回流活性污泥(RAS)returned activated sludge回流污泥returned sludge回流污泥recycled sludge剩余污泥excess sludge废活性污泥(W AS)waste activated sludge废污泥waste sludge曝气池aeration tank曝气池aeration basin曝气池aeration chamber完全混合曝气池completely mixed aeration basin活性污泥池activated sludge tank曝气n. aeration混合n. mixing曝气系统aeration system曝气器n. aerator压缩空气compressed air空气压缩机，空压机air compressor鼓风机，风机n. blower循环/切换n. cycling/switchover扩散装置，扩散器n. diffuser空气扩散装置，空气扩散器air diffuser鼓泡空气扩散装置（扩散器）bubble air diffuser微气泡扩散装置（扩散器）fine-bubble diffuser扩散板plate diffuser扩散管tube diffuser扩散罩dome diffuser微气泡扩散曝气fine-bubble diffused aeration微气泡fine-bubble大气泡coarse-bubble静态混合器static mixer机械曝气系统mechanical aeration systems机械曝气mechanical aeration表面曝气surface aeration表面曝气器surface aerator需氧量oxygen demand供气量air supply氧转移效率oxygen tansfer efficiency可沉降固体settleable solids挥发性固体volatile solids非挥发性固体nonvolatile solids挥发性悬浮固体(VSS) volatile suspended solids混合液mixed liquor混合液悬浮固体(MLSS) mixed liquor suspended solids混合液挥发性悬浮固体(MLVSS) mixed liquor volatile suspended solids污泥沉降比(SV) settling velocity污泥容积指数(SVI) sludge volume index比耗氧速率(SOUR) specific oxygen uptake rate污泥龄sludge age曝气池容积aeration tank volume曝气时间aeration period曝气时间aeration time水力停留时间(HRT) hydraulic residence time水力负荷hydraulic loadingBOD负荷BOD loading普通活性污泥法conventional activated sludge process 传统活性污泥法conventional activated sludge process 标准活性污泥法standard activated sludge process传统活性污泥厂conventional activated sludge plant阶段曝气活性污泥step aeration activated sludge process分段v. step进水负荷influent load分段进水step loading渐减v. taper渐减曝气tapered aeration接触稳定活性污泥法contact stabilization activated sludge process再曝气n. reaeration曝气—沉淀—再曝气aeration-sedimentation-reaeration完全好氧处理法complete aerobic treatment process高负荷（完全混合）活性污泥法high-rate (completely mixed) activated sludge process延时曝气活性污泥法extended aeration activated sludge process延时曝气法extended aeration process延时曝气extended aeration氧化沟oxidation ditch水平转刷horizontal rotor转刷曝气rotor aeration笼型转刷caged rotor吸附—生物降解工艺(AB法)adsorption-biodegradation process序批式活性污泥法(SBR法) sequencing batch reactor(SBR) process、序批式活性污泥法(SBR法) sequential batch reactor(SBR) processSBR法SBR process序批式反应器(SBR) sequencing batch reactor (SBR)序批式反应器(SBR) sequential batch reactor初沉primary clarification曝气n. aeration二沉secondary clarification初沉池primary clarifier二沉池secondary clarifier泵送系统pumping system活性污泥法activated sludge process变体n. variantSBR运行周期SBR cycle处理周期process cycle进水阶段fill phase进水阀influent valve反应阶段react phase沉淀阶段settle phase清水，上清液clear water上清液n. supernatant排水阶段draw phase滗水阶段decant phase滗水装置decant mechanism闲置阶段，待机阶段idle phase营养物去除nutrient removal营养物生物去除biological nutrient removal碳源carbon source硝化n. nitrificationv. nitrify硝化菌nitrifying bacteria反硝化n. denitrificationv. denitrify脱氮n. denitrification生物反硝化，生物脱氮biological denitrification缺氧—好氧脱氮工艺(A/O法)anoxic-oxic process厌氧—缺氧—好氧法(A2/O法) anaerobic-anoxic-aerobic processA-A-O法同步脱氮除磷工艺anaerobic-anoxic-aerobic process脱氮除磷nitrogen and phosphorus removal厌氧氨氧化(ANAMMOX)anaerobic ammonium oxidation生物除磷biological phosphorus removal膜生物反应器(MBR)membrane biological reactor2．生物膜法生物膜n. biofilm生物膜反应器biofilm reactor生物滤池n. biofilter生物过滤n. biofiltration旋转布水器rotary sprinkler填料n. packings塑料管状或蜂窝状填料plastic tubular or honeycomb-shaped packings滴滤池trickling filter普通生物滤池trickling filter高负荷生物滤池high-rate filter塔式生物滤池tower biofilter曝气生物滤池(BAF) biological aerated filter生物转盘法biodisc process生物转盘rotating biological contactor生物转盘n. biodisc塑料盘片plastic discs轻质盘片lightweight discs水平轴horizontal shaft生物粘液biological slime粘液层slime layer生物流化床biological fluidized bedbiological fluidised bed生物流化床反应器fluidized-bed bioreactor移动床生物膜反应器(MBBR)moving-bed biofilm reactor3．厌氧生物处理发酵n. fermentationv. fermentate产酸细菌n. acidogens产甲烷细菌n. methanogens产酸阶段acidogenic phase产甲烷阶段methanogenic phase水解n. hydrolysisv. hydrolysis产酸发酵acidogenic fermentation产氢产乙酸H2-producing acetogenesis产甲烷methanogenesis产酸菌acid formers产甲烷菌methane formers ,methane-forming bacteria有机酸organic acids挥发性脂肪酸(VFAs) volatile fatty acids硫酸盐还原sulfate reduction硫酸盐还原菌sulfate-reducing bacteria上流式厌氧污泥床(UASB)upflow anaerobic sludge blanket上升流速upflow velocity厌氧折流板反应器(ABR)anaerobic baffled reactor两段或两级厌氧生物处理two-stage anaerobicbiotreatment两相厌氧生物处理two-phase anaerobic biotreatment产酸相acidogenic phase产甲烷相methanogenic phase消化n. digestionv. digest消化池n. digestor厌氧消化anaerobic digestion污泥消化sludge digestion厌氧消化池anaerobic digestor厌氧接触法anaerobic contact process厌氧膨胀床反应器anaerobic expanded-bed reactor厌氧流化床反应器anaerobic fluidized-bed reactor厌氧生物转盘anaerobic rotating biological contactor 4．自然生物处理系统自然净化系统natural purification system稳定塘stabilization pondsstabilization lagoons氧化塘oxidation ponds土地处理系统land treatment systems废水土地处理land treatment of wastewater净化过程purification process自然净化natural purification污水塘sewage lagoon稳定塘stabilization pondsstabilization lagoons氧化塘oxidation ponds好氧塘aerobic pond兼性塘facultative pond好氧生化反应aerobic biochemical reaction厌氧生化反应anaerobic biochemical reaction 厌氧分解anaerobic decomposition厌氧分解decompose anaerobically好氧稳定aerobic stabilization细菌n. bacteria藻类n. algae微型植物microscopic plants出流，出水effluent flow光合作用n. photosynthesis厌氧塘anaerobic pond曝气塘aerated pond修饰塘polishing pond熟化塘maturation lagoon深度处理塘advanced treatment pond三级处理塘tertiary treatment pond土地处理工艺（过程）land treatment processes关键因素critical factors土壤类型soil type气候n. climate土地处理系统land treatment systems慢速土地处理系统slow rate land treatment system低负荷土地处理系统low-rate land treatment system三级处理水平tertiary treatment level灌溉n. irrigationv. irrigate土壤的天然过滤和吸附性质natural filtration and adsorption properties of soil投配的废水applied wastewater垄—沟表面布水ridge-and-furrow surface spreading喷洒布水系统，喷灌布水系统sprinkler systems快速渗滤土地处理系统rapid infiltration landtreatment system渗滤—渗透土地处理infiltration-percolation landtreatment快速渗滤rapid infiltration快速渗滤法rapid infiltration method过滤作用filtering action吸附作用adsorption action地表漫流土地处理系统overland flow land treatment system地表漫流overland flow径流集水沟runoff collection ditch物理、化学和生物过程physical , chemical , and biological processes湿地n. wetland天然湿地natural wetland人工湿地constructed wetlandman-made wetland第七部分：污泥处理、处置与利用污泥n. sludge生活污水污泥sewage sludge污泥体积，污泥量sludge volume原污泥，生污泥raw sludge新鲜污泥，生污泥fresh sludge消化污泥，熟污泥digested sludge混合污泥mixed sludge污泥处理sludge treatment污泥处置sludge disposal最终处置ultimate disposal填埋n. landfill污泥减量sludge volume reduction污泥稳定化sludge stabilization（污泥）浓缩n. thickening污泥浓缩sludge thickening稳定，稳定化n. stabilizationv. stabilize稳定了的污泥stabilized sludge调理（调节）n. conditioningv. condition脱水n. dewateringv. dewater干化n. drying污泥干化场sludge drying bed污泥干燥heat drying干燥器n. dryer污泥焚烧，污泥焚化n. incineration焚烧炉，焚化炉n. incinerator污泥浓缩sludge thickening物理过程physical process含水过多的污泥watery sludge稀污泥thin sludge处理装置treatment unit浓缩池n. thickener重力浓缩gravity thickening重力浓缩池gravity thickener圆形污水沉淀池circular sewage sedimentation tank 刮泥机sludge scraper搅拌作用stirring action底流n. underflow浓缩的底流thickened underflow浓缩污泥thickened sludge出水n. effluent上清液n. supernatant溢流v. overflow堰n. weir气浮浓缩floatation thickening溶气气浮dissolved-air floatation气浮池floatation tank入流污泥influent sludge污泥絮体sludge flocs撇去v. skim漂浮污泥层floating sludge layer污泥消化sludge digestion消化池n. digester消化池装置digester unit消化n. digestionv. digest有机固体organic solids生化分解biochemical decomposition好氧消化aerobic digestion好氧污泥消化aerobic sludge digestion好氧消化过程aerobic digestion process活性污泥池activated sludge tank预制的（成套）活性污泥处理系统prefabricated (package) activated sludge treatmentsystems预制的接触稳定或prefabricated contact stabilization or延时曝气处理系统extended aeration treatment systemsBOD负荷BOD loading细胞物质cellular mass内源衰亡endogenous decay厌氧消化anaerobic digestion厌氧污泥消化anaerobic sludge digestion有盖的圆形池covered circular tank消化过程digestion process厌氧消化过程anaerobic digestion process生化反应biochemical reactions有机酸organic acids挥发性脂肪酸(VFAs) volatile fatty acids甲烷气methane gas末端产物end product指示剂n. indicator污泥消化池气体sludge digester gas污泥沉淀sludge settling污泥储存sludge storage消化污泥digested sludge充分消化的污泥well-digested sludge消化池上清液digester supernatant中温消化mesophilic digestion高温消化thermophilic degestion污泥脱水sludge dewatering混合堆肥co-composting污泥处理总成本overall sludge-handling costs第八部分：废水回用地表水资源surface water resource地下水资源groundwater resource水短缺water scarcity回用n. , v. reuse废水回用wastewater reuse直接回用direct reuse直接废水回用direct wastewater reuse间接回用indirect reuse间接废水回用indirect wastewater reuse 出水处理effluent treatment回用水reclaimed water排放n. , v. discharge保留n. retention循环n. recyclingv. recycle部分处理n. partial treatment最终用途end use城市污水回用municipal wastewater reuse 灌溉n. irrigation景观灌溉landscape irrigation地下水回灌groundwater recharge市政回用municipal reuse直接市政回用direct municipal reuse深度处理，高级处理advanced treatment 分质供水系统dual-distribution system间接市政回用indirect municipal reuse供水系统，给水系统water supply system 取水口n. intake天然同化能力natural assimilative capacity 人工回灌artificial recharge深井注射deep-well injection浅表布水shallow surface spreading渗透n. percolation工业回用industrial reuse工艺废水，过程废水process wastewaters工艺补充水，过程补充水plant process makeup water 冷却塔水cooling tower water选择性处理optional treatment水费water costs回用的城市污水reclaimed municipal wastewater工业过程industrial processes冷却水cooling water锅炉给水boiler feedwater灌溉回用irrigation reuse废水直接灌溉direct irrigation with wastewater低负荷土地处理系统low-rate land treatment system 间接灌溉回用indirect reuse for irrigation废水排放wastewater discharge雨水回用storm water reuse可回用水reusable waterPartⅨ:第九部分：投资成本，投资费（用）capital costs建设成本，建设费（用）construction costs运行成本，运行费（用）operating costs能耗成本energy costs运行维护operation and maintenance运行控制operational control控制系统control system仪表/控制系统instrumentation/control system自动控制系统，自控系统automatic control system。
(完整版)给排水专业英语汇总,推荐文档
废水abwasser废水收集wastewater collecti on废水处理wastewater disposal受纳水体receivi ng waters污染polluti on pollute 污染物poll ntant玷污、污染con tam in ati on致污物con tam inant未污染uncon tam in ated 水污染water polluti on 水污染控制water pollution control水污染防治water polluti on preve ntio n 污水回用wastewater reuseUNIT 2水短缺water scarcity 地表水资源surface water resource管网Pipe Network供水系统water supply system市政配水系统muni cipal distributi on system 建筑给水系统house water supply system 分区供水系统dual distribution system小区micro district 小社区small commu nity 冷水供水系统cold water supply system热水供水系统hot water supply system消防系统fire protectio n system喷淋系统fire protecti on spri nkler system 自动水幕系统automatic dren cher system 半自动水幕系统semi automatic dren cher system 消火栓hydra nt排水系统drain age system生活排水系统san itary system工业排水系in dustrial system雨水排水系统stormwater system合流制comb ined sewers分流制separate sewers建筑排水系统buildi ng drain age system 卫生洁具plumbi ng fixtures卫浴设备bathroom fixtures输水系统water tran smissi on system漏水率leakage rate配水系统water distributi on system环状管网grid system支状管网branching system下水管道san itary sewer污水节流管in tercepti ng sewer污水节流系统in tercept ing sewersystem污水节流井sewage in tercept ing cell 支管collect ion sewer collector sewer生活污水san itary sewagedomestic sewagedomestic wastewater工业污水in dustrial wastewater工业污水/ 液/物in dustrial wastes农业用水agricultural wastewater/wastes 雨水rai nwater stormwater水位waterlevel 海拔、标高elevati on坡度grade 倾斜度slope 明渠Open cha nnelUNIT 1给水工程water supply engin eeri ng 排水工程sewetage engin eeri ng市政工程civil engin eeri ng市政工程师civil engin eer环境工程environmen tal engin eeri ng水文学hydrology水力学hydra nlies水环境n atural aquatic environment流域watershed 水体waterbody地表水surface water新鲜水freshwater地下水gro un dwater含水层aquifer天然含水层n atural aquifer地下含水层un dergr ound aquifer水文循环n atural hydrologic cycle渗滤in filtrati on降水precipitati on渗入precolatio n蒸发evaporati on蒸腾tran spiratio n城市水文循环urba n hydrologic cycle 水源water source水资源water resource取水water withdrawal水处理water treatme nt配水water distributi on 用水water use污水wastewater层流Lam inar flow 滞流粘性流viscous flow 过渡流Tran siti onal flow湍流Turbule nt flow紊流Turbule nee flow涡流Eddyi ng flow雷诺数Teyno Ids nu mber水质Water guality水源Water sources供水水源Water supples原水Raw water 未处理水Un treated water出水Fini shed water原水水质Raw-water quality水质标准Water quality sta ndards水质要求Water quality requireme nts饮用水Drink water\potable water自来水Tap water纯水Pure water 饮用水标准Drinking water sta ndards 饮用水一级标Primary drinking water sta ndards 最大允许浓度Maxmum permissible levelsmaxmum allowable levels 最大污染物浓度Maxmum con tami nant levels主要污染物Primary con tam inants有机化合物Orga nic chemicals合成有机化合物Syn thetic organic chemicals挥发性有机化合物Volatile orga nic ohemicals无机化合物Inorganic chemical微生物Micro orga ni sms\microbes微生物污染Microbial co ntami nants病原微生物Pathoge nic micro organi sms病原体Pathoge nic 病毒Pathoge nic bacteri n细菌Bacteria大肠杆菌Coliform bacteria 病毒Viruses藻类Algae浊度Turbidity放射性Radio nuclide感官性状Esthetic qualities审美Esthetic味Taste嗅Odo色Colour变色Discolourati on变色Discolor水质物理参数Physical parameters of water quality 水的物理性质Physical quality of water浊度值Turbidity values浊度单位Turdidity un it浑浊单位Turdid嗅阈值Threshold odor nu mber化学性质Chemical quality水质化学参数Chemical parameters of water quality 溶解氧Dissolved oxygen (DO)溶解氧浓度Do level溶解氧平衡Do bala nee氧损Oxyge n depleti on有机污染物Orga nic polluta nt生化需氧量Biochemicaloxygen dema nd (BOD) 总氮Total nitroge n (TN)开挖excavati on深度excavati on depth水力分析hydraulic an alysis水头pressure head总水头total headUnit3水头损失Head loss速度头动压头Velocity head 静压Static head摩擦水头Friction head水力坡度线Hydra nlicgrade li重力流Gravity flow水塔Water castle贮水箱Cistern泵站Pump stati on给水泵站Water pump statio n 污水泵站Sewage stati on 提升泵站Lift pump ing pla nt 增压泵Booster pump离心泵Cen trifugal pump潜水泵Submer sible pump 潜水艇Submeri ne深井泵Well pump虹吸虹吸管Siphon人孔Ma nhole法兰Fla nge阀门Valve闸阀Gate valve泵送系统Pump ing system 流量Flow rate流速Fluid velocity保证 Preserve 清洗剂 Clea ning age nt 洗涤剂 Deterge nt 发泡剂 Foam ing age nt泡沫 Foam 化肥 Fertilizer 肥沃的Fertile富营养化 Eutrophicati on 营养的 Trophic 营养水平 Trophic level 生态位 NicheUnit 5原污水 Raw sewage 原废水Raw wastes处理水 Treated wastes 回用水 Redaimed water 水处理过程 Water process ing收集 Collect 处置 Dispose 处理方法 Treatment method处理费用 Treatme nt costs 处理单元 Treatme nt process 运行模式 Operati onal mode 间歇处理方式 Batch treatme nt approach均匀均化 Equalization 均匀 Equalize 调蓄水池Equalizati on storage调节池 Equalizati on tank 蓄水池 Storage tank 降解 Degrade 分解 Decompose分离 Separate 隔离 Separati on 物理法 Physical process 物理处理 Physical treatme nt 物理处理过程Physical treatme nt process一级处理 Primary treatme nt 初步处理 Prelimi nary treatme nt 格栅筛滤Screening格栅 Screen 格栅Bar scree n栅条 Bars 钢栅条 Steel bars 渣耙 Clea ningrakes 圆形破碎机Circular grin der破碎 Grind 除砂Degritt ing砂 Grit 沙 Sa nd 除砂 Grit removal 沉砂池 Grit chamber 沉淀 Settli ng 沉淀池 Settli ng tank 澄清池 Clarifier 初澄清池 Primary clarifier 初沉池Primary settli ng tank一级出水 Primary efflue nt 二级处理 Secondary treatme nt 二级处理工艺Secondary treatme nt process生物处理 Biological treatme nt 二澄清池 Secon dary clarifier 二沉池Secon dary settli ng tank总凯式氮 Total Kjeldahl nitroge n (TKN) 悬浮固体 Suspe nded solids (SS) 总悬浮固体 Total suspe nded solids (TSS) 溶解 Dissolved (DS)总溶解 Total dissolved (TDS) Unit 4溶解的铁和锰 Dissolved iron and mangan ese 硬度 Hard ness 碱度 Alkali nity 盐度 Sali nity 有害物质 Toxic and hazardous materials 氰化物 Cya ni des 急性毒性 Acute toxity 慢性毒性 Chro nic toxity 基因毒性 Ge netic toxicity基因 Ge ne 难降解有机化合物 Refractory orga nic chemicals 永久性有机污染物 Persiste nt orga nic pollutants 致癌化学性Carcinogenic chemicals卤素 Haloge n 甲基 Methyl氯仿 Trichlorometha ne 三氯甲烷 Chloroform 杀虫剂 农药 Pesticide 害虫Pest 杀虫剂 In secticide 除草剂 Herbicide 杀菌剂 Germicide 细菌Germ 防腐剂Preservative最终澄清池Final clarifier最终沉淀池Final settli ng tank二级出水Secon dary efflue nt三级处理Tertiary treatme nt深度处理Adva need treatme nt废水消毒Waste disi nfectio n出流出水Efflue nt flow允许浓度Allowable levels优异出水High-quality polished efflue nt废水处理厂Wastewater treatme nt pla nt污水处理厂Sewage treatme nt pla nt二级处理厂Secon dary treatme nt pla nt城市污水处理Muni cipal wastewater treatme nt 市政工程Muni cipal engin eeri ng土木工程Civil engin eeri ng城市污水处理厂Mun icipal wastewater treatme nt pla nt 污水处理能力Sewage treatme nt capacity电容Capacita nee污水处理设施Mun icipal treatme nt facilities 多反应器设施Multi-reactor facility处理池Treatme nt tank负荷Load负荷Load ings水力负荷Hydrautic load ing污染负荷Polluta nt load有机负荷Orga nic load无机负荷Inorganic load不含化肥、农药无机的Un orga nic周期性负荷Periodic(i ntermitle nt) loadi ng第五部分：物化处理1 .混凝n. coagulati on混凝过程coagulati on process化学混凝chemical coagulati on凝聚n. aggregati on絮凝n. flocculationv. flocculate异向絮凝perik in etic flocculati on同向絮凝orthok in etic flocculati on 混凝剂n.coagula nt 混凝剂投量coagula nt dosage烧杯实验jar test最佳混凝剂投量optimum coagula nt dosage助凝剂coagula nt aid助凝剂flocculation aid 聚电解质n. polyelectrolytes快速混合flash-mix ,rapid-mix 快速混合器flash mixer ,rapid mixer 混合池mixer tank 快速混合池flash-mix tank絮凝器n. flocculator 絮凝池flocculation tank固体接触池solids-co ntact tank澄清n. clarificati onv. clarify澄清池n. clarifier高负荷澄清池high rate clarifier澄清水clarify ing water:.沉淀n. sedime ntati on沉降n. sedime ntati on自由沉降plain settli ng拥挤沉降hin dered settli ng重力沉降gravity settli ng沉淀池settli ng tank沉淀池，沉降池sedime ntati on tank矩形沉淀池recta ngular settli ng tank圆形沉淀池circular settli ng tank管式沉淀池tube settler斜管沉淀池steeply in cli ned tubesettler板式沉淀池parallel-plate settler板式沉淀池plate separator气浮n. floatati on泡沫分离foam separati on溶气气浮dissolved-air floatati on气浮池floatation tank表面撇渣装置surface-skim ming device撇去v. skim浮渣n. scum浮渣槽scum trough刮泥机sludge scraper排泥sludge drawoffsludge withdrawal预沉淀n. presedime ntati on预沉淀池presedime ntati on bas in3. 过滤n. filtration滤池n. filter慢滤池slow filter4. 消毒n. dis in fecti onv. disi nfect 消毒剂n. dis infectantdis infection age nt杀菌齐U n. germicide消毒过程dis in fecti on process消毒副产物dis infection by-products氯化n. chlori nati onv. chlori nate氯化水chlori nated water预氯化n. prechlori nati on氯化消毒副产物by-products of chlori nation化学消毒剂chemical dis infectants液氯liquid chlori ne ,liquefied chlori ne力口氯量，投氯量chlori ne dosage , applied chlori ne自由氯，游离氯free chlori ne ,free available chlori ne化合氯comb ined chlori ne剩余保护residual protect ion余氯residual chlori ne 余氯量chlori ne residual 自由余氯free residual chlori ne 自由氯余量free chlori ne residual 化合余氯comb ined residual chlori ne化合氯余量comb ined chlori ne residuals折点氯化（法）breakpo int chlori nati on折点氯化曲线breakpo int chlori nati on curve 折点加氯量breakpo int dosage氯折点chlori ne breakpo int 压力钢瓶pressured steel cyli nder 臭氧发生器ozone gen erator 需臭氧量ozone dema nd 剩余臭氧量ozone residual 剩余臭氧residual ozone致病微生物，病源微生物pathoge nic microorga ni sms病原体n. pathoge ns致病细菌或病毒pathoge nic bacteria or viruses 纟田菌n. bacteria大肠杆菌coliform bacteria阿米巴氏菌amoebic cysts 孢子，芽孢n. spores 病毒n. viruses藻类n. algae原生动物n. protozoa快滤池rapid filter高速（负荷）滤池high rate filter 砂滤池sand filter慢砂滤池slow sand filter快砂滤池rapid sa nd filter重力滤池gravity filter压力滤池pressure filter过滤介质，滤料filter medium石英砂silica sand无烟煤n. an thracite硅藻土diatomaceous earth煤一砂滤床coal-sa nd beds多层滤料multilayered media混合滤料mixed media双层滤料滤池dual media filter双层滤池two-layer filter粗滤料coarse media细滤料fine media助滤剂filter aid滤后水，滤出水filtered water 滤后水，滤池出水filter efflue nt 滤前水，滤池进水filter in flue nt 浊度穿透turbidity breakthrough过滤周期filter cycle清洗周期clea ning cycle刮砂法scrap ing method 表面刮砂surface scrap ing 反冲洗backwash ing 水力反冲洗hydraulic backwash ing 水力反冲洗hydraulic backwash水力分级hydraulic grad ing 氯胺n. chloram ines次氯酸盐hypochlorites次氯酸钠sodium hypochlorite二氧化氯chlori ne dioxide臭氧n. ozone臭氧化，臭氧消毒n. ozon ati on臭氧化v. ozon ate紫外线（UV） ultraviolet radiation （UV）伽马射线gamma radiati on灭活n. in activati onv. in activate接触时间con tact time需氯量chlori ne dema nd5. 氧化 n. oxidati on还原 n. reductio n 氧化齐 U n. oxida nt 强氧化剂strong oxidiz ing age nt高级氧化法 (AOP) adva need oxidati on process 高级氧化工艺 (AOP) adva need oxidati on process 高级氧化过程 (AOP) adva need oxidati on process 高级氧化技术(AOT)adva need oxidati on tech no logy再生 n. regen erati onv. rege nerate 吸附剂 n. adsorbe nt 吸附质 n. adsorbate 吸附塔，吸附柱 adsorption colu mn 吸附床 adsorpti on bed 空床接触时间empty bed con tact time吸附带 mass tran sfer zone快速小柱试验 rapid small scale colu mn test生物活性炭 (BAC) biological activated carbon 7.离子交换 n. ion excha nge 离子交换树脂 ion excha nge resin 离子交换器 ion excha nger 沉淀软化 precipitati on softe ning电解 n. electrolysis 电除盐(EDI) n.electrodeionization 吹脱、汽提法n.strippi ng冷去卩 n. cooli ng 冷去卩水 cooli ng water 冷去卩塔 cooli ng tower 第六部分生物处理 生物反应器n. bioreactor 微生物 n.microorga ni smsn. microbes微生物种群microbial population微生物生长动力学 microbial growth kinetics1. 迟滞期 lag phase2. 对数生长期 exp onen tial-growth phase3. 减速生长期decli ng growth phase稳定期 stati onary phase4. 内源呼吸阶段 en doge nous stage 内源生长期en doge nous growth phase6.吸附n. adsorpti on 活性炭 (AC) activated carb on 粉末炭 (PAC ) powdered activated carb on 粒状炭(GAC ) granu lar activated carb on 离子交换柱 ion excha nge colu mn 硬度 n. hard ness 除硬hard ness removal软化 n. softe ning v. softe n化学软化 chemical softe ning 沉淀软化 precipitati on softe ning除盐，脱盐 n. desalt in ati onv. desalt去矿化dem ineralizationv. demi neralize离子父换软化法ion excha nge softe ning process离子父换除盐法 ion excha nge desalt ing process 复床 comb ined bed 混合床mixed bed&膜分离membrane separati on 微滤 microfiltrati on 超滤 hyperfiltratio n 纳滤 nano filtrati on 反渗透 reverse osmosis渗透osmosis半透膜 semipermeable membra ne 电渗析 n. electrodialysis 渗析dialysis9.其它处理方法中和n eutralizatio n v. n eutralize 酸性废水 acidic wastes化学沉淀chemical precipitati on混合群落 mixed com mun ities细菌 n. bacteria 原生动物 n. protozoa真菌 n. fun gi 轮虫 n rotifers 生长 n.growth繁殖 n. reproduct ion 世代时间 gen erati on time 生长速率 growth rates 环境因子 environmen tal factors生态因子ecological factors 颗粒活性炭(GAC) granular activated carbon 活性炭纤维 (ACF) activated carbon fiber内源呼吸en doge nous respirati on底物，基质n. substrate底物（基质）利用substrate utilization生物量n. biomass生物反应biological reaction生物氧化biological oxidatio n生物降解n. biodegradati on生物降解性n. biodegradability生物可降解的，可生物降解的 a. biodegradable不可生物降解的 a. non biodegradable生物处理biological treatme nt废水生物处理biological wastewater treatme nt废水生物处理系统biological wastewater treatment system污水生物处理系统biological sewage treatment system 生物处理法biological treatme nt process生物处理装置biological treatme nt unit串联in series悬浮生长处理法suspe nded-growth treatme nt processes 生物固体biological solids活性污泥activated sludge附着生长处理法attached-growth treatme nt processes 附着的微生物attached microbes微生物附着生长attached microbial growth生物膜n. biofilm代谢n. metabolismv. metabolize稳定，稳定化n. stabilizati on生物代谢biological metabolism微生物代谢microbial metabolism好氧的 a. aerobic好氧菌aerobic bacteria好氧微生物aerobic microorga ni sms好氧氧化aerobic oxidati on厌氧的 a. an aerobic厌氧菌an aerobic bacteria厌氧氧化an aerobic oxidati on兼性的 a. facultative兼性菌facultative bacteria好氧环境aerobic environment厌氧环境an aerobic environment营养物n. nu trie nts无机营养物inorganic nu trie nts营养物去除nu trie nt removal营养物生物去除biological n utrie nt removal脱氮除磷n itroge n and phosphorusremoval生物硝化biological n itrificati on硝化菌n itrify ing bacteria生物反硝化，生物脱氮biological den itrification生物除磷biological phosphorus removal1 .活性污泥法activated sludge process微生物n. microorga ni sms n. microbes细菌n. bacteria生物絮体biological floc微生物絮体microbial floc活性污泥activated sludgev. stabilize絮状活性污泥flocculate-bacterial sludge回流活性污泥（RAS） returned activated sludge回流污泥returned sludge回流污泥recycled sludge剩余污泥excess sludge废活性污泥（WAS） waste activated sludge 废污泥waste sludge曝气池aerati on tank曝气池aerati onbas in曝气池aerati on chamber完全混合曝气池completely mixed aerati on bas in活性污泥池activated sludge tank曝气n. aerati on混合n. mixi ng曝气系统aerati on system曝气器n. aerator压缩空气compressed air空气压缩机，空压机air compressor 鼓风机，风机n. blower 循环/ 切换n. cycling/switchover 扩散装置，扩散器n.diffuser空气扩散装置，空气扩散器鼓泡空气扩散装置（扩散器）微气泡扩散装置（扩散器）扩散板plate diffuser 扩散管tube diffuser 扩散罩domediffuserair diffuserbubble air diffuserfin e-bubble diffuser微气泡扩散曝气fin e-bubble diffused aeration微气泡fin e-bubble大气泡coarse-bubble 静态混合器static mixer机械曝气系统mecha ni cal aeratio nsystems机械曝气mecha nical aeratio n表面曝气surface aerati on表面曝气器surface aerator需氧量oxyge n dema nd供气量air supply 氧转移效率oxyge n tansfer efficie ncy可沉降固体settleable solids挥发性固体volatile solids非挥发性固体non volatile solids 挥发性悬浮固体（VSS） volatile suspe nded solids 混合液mixed liquor混合液悬浮固体（MLSS） mixed liquor suspended solids 混合液挥发性悬浮固体（MLVSS） mixed liquor volatile suspe nded solids污泥沉降比（SV）settli ng velocity污泥容积指数（SVI） sludge volume in dex比耗氧速率（SOUR） specific oxygen uptake rate污泥龄sludge age曝气池容积aerati on tank volume曝气时间aerati on period曝气时间aerati on time水力停留时间（HRT） hydraulic reside nee time 水力负荷hydraulic loadi ngBOD 负荷BOD loadingconven ti onal activated sludge processconven ti onal activated sludge process standard activated sludge process传统活性污泥厂conven ti onal activated sludge pla nt阶段曝气活性污泥step aeratio n activated sludge process分段v. step进水负荷in flue nt load分段进水step loadi ng渐减v. taper渐减曝气tapered aerati on接触稳定活性污泥法con tact stabilizati on activated sludge process再曝气n. reaerati on曝气一沉淀一再曝气aeratio n-sedime ntati on-reaerati on完全好氧处理法complete aerobic treatme nt process高负荷（完全混合）活性污泥法high-rate （completely mixed） activated sludge process 延时曝气活性污泥法exte nded aerati on activated sludge process 延时曝气法exte nded aeratio n process延时曝气exte nded aerati on 氧化沟oxidati on ditch 水平转刷horiz on tal rotor转刷曝气rotor aerati on笼型转刷caged rotor 吸附一生物降解工艺（AB法）adsorpti on-biodegradati on process序批式活性污泥法（SBR 法）sequencing batch reactor（SBR） process、序批式活性污泥法（SBR 法）sequential batch reactor（SBR） processSBR 法SBR process序批式反应器（SBR）seque ncing batch reactor （SBR）序批式反应器（SBR）seque ntial batch reactor初沉primary clarificati on曝气n. aerati on二沉sec on dary clarificati on初沉池primary clarifier二沉池sec on dary clarifier泵送系统pump ing system活性污泥法activated sludge process变体n. varia ntSBR运行周期SBR cycle处理周期process cycle进水阶段fill phase进水阀in flue nt valve反应阶段react phase沉淀阶段settle phase清水，上清液clear water 上清液n. super nata nt排水阶段draw phase滗水阶段deca nt phase滗水装置deca nt mecha nism闲置阶段，待机阶段idle phase营养物去除nu trie nt removal营养物生物去除biological n utrie nt removal碳源carb on source硝化n. n itrificati onv. n itrify硝化菌n itrify ing bacteria反硝化n. den itrificati onv. den itrify普通活性污泥法传统活性污泥法标准活性污泥法脱氮n. den itrificati on生物反硝化，生物脱氮biological den itrificati on缺氧一好氧脱氮工艺(A/O法)ano xic-oxic process厌氧一缺氧一好氧法(A2/Oan aerobic-a no xic-aerobic processA-A-O法同步脱氮除磷工艺an aerobic-a no xic-aerobic process脱氮除磷n itroge n and phosphorus removal厌氧氨氧化(ANAMMOX)an aerobic ammonium oxidati on生物除磷biological phosphorus removal膜生物反应器(MBR)membra ne biological reactor2.生物膜法生物膜n. biofilm生物膜反应器biofilm reactor生物滤池n. biofilter生物过滤n. biofiltratio n旋转布水器rotary spri nkler填料n. pack ings塑料管状或蜂窝状填料plastic tubular or hon eycomb-shaped pack ings滴滤池trickli ng filter普通生物滤池trickli ng filter高负荷生物滤池high-rate filter塔式生物滤池tower biofilter曝气生物滤池(BAF) biological aerated filtermetha ne-form ing bacteria有机酸orga nic acids挥发性脂肪酸(VFAs) volatile fatty acids硫酸盐还原sulfate reduction硫酸盐还原菌sulfate-reduc ing bacteria上流式厌氧污泥床(UASB)upflow an aerobic sludge bla nket上升流速upflow velocity厌氧折流板反应器(ABR)an aerobic baffled reactor两段或两级厌氧生物处理two-stage an aerobic biotreatme nt两相厌氧生物处理two-phase an aerobic biotreatme nt产酸相acidoge nic phase产甲烷相metha nogenic phase消化n. digesti onv. digest消化池n. digestor厌氧消化an aerobic digesti on污泥消化sludge digestio n厌氧消化池an aerobic digestor厌氧接触法an aerobic contact process厌氧膨胀床反应器an aerobic expa nded-bed reactor厌氧流化床反应器an aerobic fluidized-bed reactor生物转盘法biodisc process生物转盘rotati ng biological contactor生物转盘n. biodisc塑料盘片plastic discs轻质盘片lightweight discs水平轴horiz on tal shaft生物粘液biological slime粘液层slime layer生物流化床biological fluidized bedbiological fluidised bed生物流化床反应器fluidized-bed bioreactor移动床生物膜反应器(MBBR)movi ng-bed biofilm reactor3.厌氧生物处理发酵n. ferme ntatio nv. ferme ntate产酸细菌n. acidoge ns产甲烷细菌n. metha nogens产酸阶段acidoge nic phase产甲烷阶段metha nogenic phase水解n. hydrolysisv. hydrolysis产酸发酵acidoge nic ferme ntati on产氢产乙酸H2-produc ing acetoge nesis产甲烷metha nogen esis产酸菌acid formers产甲烷菌metha ne formers ,厌氧生物转盘an aerobic rotati ng biological con tactor4.自然生物处理系统自然净化系统n atural purificati on system 稳定塘stabilizati on pondsstabilizati on Iago ons氧化塘oxidati on ponds土地处理系统land treatme nt systems废水土地处理land treatme nt of wastewater 净化过程purificatio n process自然净化n atural purificati on污水塘sewage lago on稳定塘stabilizati on pondsstabilizati on Iago ons氧化塘oxidati on ponds好氧塘aerobic pond兼性塘facultative pond好氧生化反应aerobic biochemical reacti on厌氧生化反应an aerobic biochemical reaction 厌氧分解an aerobic decompositi on厌氧分解decompose an aerobically好氧稳定aerobic stabilizati on纟田菌n. bacteria藻类n. algae微型植物microscopic pla nts出流，出水efflue nt flow光合作用n. photos yn thesis厌氧塘an aerobic pond曝气塘aerated pond修饰塘polish ing pond熟化塘maturati on Iago on深度处理塘adva need treatme nt pond三级处理塘tertiary treatme nt pond土地处理工艺（过程）land treatme nt processes关键因素critical factors土壤类型soil type气候n. climate土地处理系统land treatme nt systems慢速土地处理系统slow rate land treatme nt system低负荷土地处理系统low-rate land treatme nt system三级处理水平tertiary treatme nt level灌溉n. irrigati onv. irrigate土壤的天然过滤和吸附性质n atural filtrati on and adsorpti on properties of soil投配的废水applied wastewater垄一沟表面布水ridge-a nd-furrow surface spreadi ng喷洒布水系统，喷灌布水系统sprin kler systems快速渗滤土地处理系统rapid infiltration landtreatme nt system渗滤一渗透土地处理in filtratio n-percolatio n landtreatme nt快速渗滤rapid in filtration快速渗滤法rapid in filtrati on method过滤作用filteri ng action吸附作用adsorpti on action地表漫流土地处理系统overla nd flow land treatme nt system地表漫流overla nd flow径流集水沟runoff collectio n ditch物理、化学和生物过程physical , chemical , and biological processes湿地n. wetla nd 天然湿地n atural wetla nd人工湿地con structed wetla ndman-made wetla nd第七部分：污泥处理、处置与利用污泥n. sludge生活污水污泥sewage sludge污泥体积，污泥量原污泥，生污泥新sludge volumeraw sludgefresh sludgedigested sludge混合污泥mixed sludge污泥处理sludge treatme nt污泥处置sludge disposal最终处置ultimate disposal填埋n. Ian dfill污泥减量sludge volume reducti on污泥稳定化sludge stabilizati on（污泥）浓缩n. thicke ning 污泥浓缩sludge thicke ning稳定，稳定化n. stabilizati onv. stabilize稳定了的污泥stabilized sludge调理（调节）n. con diti oningv. con diti on脱水n. dewateri ngv. dewater干化n. drying污泥干化场sludge drying bed污泥干燥heat drying干燥器n. dryer 污泥焚烧，污泥焚化n. incin eratio n焚烧炉，焚化炉n. in ci nerator污泥浓缩sludge thicke ning物理过程physical process含水过多的污泥watery sludge稀污泥thin sludge处理装置treatme nt un it浓缩池n. thicke ner重力浓缩gravity thicke ning重力浓缩池gravity thicke ner圆形污水沉淀池circular sewage sedime ntatio n tank 刮泥机sludge scraper 搅拌作用stirri ng acti on 底流n. un derflow浓缩的底流thicke ned un derflow 浓缩污泥thicke ned sludge出水n. efflue nt上清液n. super nata nt溢流v. overflow堰n. weir气浮浓缩floatatio n thicke ning溶气气浮dissolved-air floatati on气浮池floatation tank入流污泥in flue nt sludge污泥絮体sludge flocs撇去v. skim漂浮污泥层floati ng sludge layer污泥消化sludge digestio n消化池n. digester消化池装置digester un it消化n. digesti onv. digest有机固体organic solids生化分解biochemical decompositi on好氧消化aerobic digesti on好氧污泥消化aerobic sludge digesti on好氧消化过程aerobic digesti on process活性污泥池activated sludge tank预制的（成套）活性污泥处理系统prefabricated （package） activated sludge treatme ntsystems预制的接触稳定或prefabricated con tact stabilizati on or延时曝气处理系统exte nded aeratio n treatme nt systemsBOD 负荷BOD loading细胞物质cellular mass内源衰亡en doge nous decay厌氧消化an aerobic digesti on厌氧污泥消化an aerobic sludge digesti on有盖的圆形池covered circular tank消化过程digestio n process厌氧消化过程an aerobic digesti on process 生化反应biochemical reactions有机酸orga nic acids挥发性脂肪酸（VFAs） volatile fatty acids 甲烷气metha ne gas末端产物end product 指示剂n. in dicator污泥消化池气体sludge digester gas污泥沉淀sludge settli ng污泥储存sludge storage消化污泥digested sludge充分消化的污泥well-digested sludge消化池上清液digester super nata nt 中温消化mesophilic digesti on高温消化thermophilic degesti on污泥脱水sludge dewateri ng混合堆肥co-compost ing污泥处理总成本overall sludge-ha ndli ng costs第八部分：废水回用地表水资源surface water resource地下水资源groun dwater resource水短缺water scarcity回用n. , v. reuse11废水回用wastewater reuse直接回用direct reuse直接废水回用direct wastewater reuse间接回用in direct reuse间接废水回用in direct wastewater reuse出水处理efflue nt treatme nt 回用水reclaimed water 排放n. , v. discharge 保留n.reten ti on循环n. recycli ngv. recycle咅B分处理n. partial treatme nt最终用途end use城市污水回用mun icipal wastewater reuse 灌溉n. irrigati on景观灌溉Ian dscape irrigati on地下水回灌groun dwater recharge市政回用mun icipal reuse直接市政回用direct muni cipal reuse深度处理，高级处理adva need treatme nt 分质供水系统dual-distribution system间接市政回用in direct muni cipal reuse供水系统，给水系统water supply system 取水口n. in take天然同化能力n atural assimilative capacity 人工回灌artificial recharge深井注射deep-well injection浅表布水shallow surface spreadi ng渗透n. percolati on工业回用in dustrial reuse废水排放wastewater discharge雨水回用storm waterreuse可回用水reusable waterPart IX : 第九部分：投资成本,投资费（用）capital costs建设成本,建设费（用）con struct ioncosts运行成本,运行费（用）operati ng costs能耗成本en ergy costs运行维护operati on and maintenance运行控制operati onal con trol控制系统con trol system仪表/控制系统in strume ntatio n/c on trol system 自动控制系统，自控系统automatic con trol system工艺废水，过程废水process wastewaters工艺补充水，过程补充水pla nt process makeup water冷去卩塔水cooli ng tower water选择性处理optio nal treatme nt水费water costs回用的城市污水reclaimed muni cipal wastewater工业过程in dustrial processes冷去卩水cooli ng water锅炉给水boiler feedwater灌溉回用irrigati on reuse废水直接灌溉direct irrigation with wastewater低负荷土地处理系统low-rate land treatme nt system间接灌溉回用in direct reuse for irrigati on12。
给排水专业英语单词
英汉对照给水排水专业名词来源：广州大学水质工程学发表时间：2007-5-24 最近更新时间：2008-7-22给水工程 water supply engineering排水工程 sewerage，wastewater engineering给水系统 water supply system排水系统 sewerage system给水水源 water source原水 raw water地表水 surface water地下水 ground water苦咸水（碱性水）brackish water；alkaline water淡水 fresh water冷却水 cooling water废水 wastewater污水 sewage；wastewater用水量 water consumption供水量 output污水量 wastewater flow；sewage flow用水定额 water consumption norm排水定额 wastewater flow norm水质 water quality渠道 channel；conduit干管 main泵站 pumping house泵站 pumping station给水处理 water treatment污水处理 sewage treatment；wastewater treatment废水处置 wastewater disposal格栅 bar screen曝气 aeration沉淀 sedimentation澄清 clarification过滤 filtration离子交换法 ion exchange消毒 disinfection氯化 chlorination余氯 residual chlorine游离性余氯 free residual chlorine结合性余氯 combinative residual chlorine污泥 sludge污泥处理 sludge treatment污泥处置 sludge disposal水头损失 head loss贮水池 storage reservoir；storage tank过河管 river crossing倒虹管 inverted siphon稳定 stabilization异重流density current直流水系统 once through system复用水系统 water reuse system循环水系统 water reuse system生活用水 domestic water生产用水 process water消防用水fire demand浇洒道路用水 street flushing demand, road watering绿化用水 green belt sprinkling, green plot sprinkling 未预见用水量 unforeseen demand自用水量 water consumption in water-works管网漏失水量 leakage平均日供水量 average daily coefficient最高日供水量 maximum service coefficient日变化系数 daily variation coefficient时变化系数 hourly variation coefficient最小服务水头 minimum service head管井 deep well ,drilled well管井滤水管 deep well screen管井沉淀管 grit compartment大口井 dug well；open well井群 battery of wells渗渠 infiltration gallery地下水取水构筑物及滤层 inverted layer泉室 spring chamber取水构筑物 intake structure取水口（取水头部）intake进水间 intake structure格网 screen吸水井 suction well净水构筑物 purification structure投药 chemical dosing混合 mixing凝聚 coagulation絮凝 flocculation自然沉淀 plain sedimentation凝聚沉淀 coagulation sedimentation凝聚剂 coagulant助凝剂 coagulant aid药剂固定储备量 standby reserve药剂周转储备量 current reserve沉沙池(沉砂池) desilting basin；grit chamber预沉池 pre-sedimentation tank平流沉淀池 horizontal flow sedimentation tank异向流斜管（或斜板）沉淀池 tube (plate)settler同向流斜板沉淀池 lamella机械搅拌澄清池 accelerator水力循环澄清池 circulation clarifier脉冲澄清池 plusator悬浮澄清池 sludge blanket clarifier液面负荷 surface load气浮池 floataion tank气浮溶气罐 dissloved air vessel气浮接触室 contact chamber快滤池 rapid filter虹吸滤池 siphon filter无阀滤池 pressure filter压力滤池 pressure filter移动罩滤池 movable hood backwashing filter滤料 filtering media承托层 graded gracel layer滤速 rate of filtration滤池配水系统 filter underdrain system表面冲洗 surface washing反冲洗 backwash气水反冲洗 air-water washing滤池冲洗水量 filter wash water consumption冲洗强度 intensity of back washing膨胀率 percentage of bed-expansion除铁接触氧化法 contact-axidation清水池 clean-water reservoir配水管网distribution system；pipe system环状管网 pipe network枝状管网 branch system水管支墩 buttress；anchorage软化水 softened water除盐水 demineralized water高纯水 high-purity water；ultra-high purity water 除硅 desilication；silica removal脱碱 dialkalization酸洗 acid cleaning石灰浆 lime slurry石灰乳 milk of lime树脂污染 resin fouling树脂降解 resin degradation离子交换剂 ion exchanger离子交换树脂 ion exchange resin弱碱性阴离子交换树脂 weak-base exchange resin强碱性阴离子交换树脂 strong-base anion exchange resin弱酸性慢离子交换树脂 weak-acid exchange resin强酸性阳离子交换树脂 storng-acid cation exchange resin凝胶型离子交换树脂 gel –type ion exange resin大孔型离子交换树脂 macro-reticular typeion exchange resin 磺化煤 sulfonated coal后处理 post-treatment再生 regemeration再生液置换 rinse displacement二级钠离子交换twostage sodium iopn exchange顺流再生 co-current regeneration对流再生counter-current regeneration逆流再生 up-flow regeneration浮动床 fluidized bed混合离子交换器 mixed bed空气顶压逆流再生 air hold down C.C.C,air blanket C.C.R水顶压逆流再生 water hold down C.C.R,water blanket C.C.R 无顶压逆流再生 atmospheric press bed C.C.R离子交换剂床层膨胀率 ion exchange bed expansion移动床 moving bed再生剂耗量 chemical consumption ,regenerant consumption 再生剂量 regeneration lever再生剂计量 chemical measurement超滤器 ultrafilter微孔过滤器 microporus filter双层床 stratabed,multibed双室床 double bed分步再生 stepwise regeration工作交换容量 operating capacity树脂捕捉器 resintrapper电渗析器 dlectordialyzer反渗透器 reverse osmosis unit一级除盐系统 primary demineralixation system单塔单周期移动床 monobed and single cycle moving bed双塔连续再生移动床 duad bed contactor单床离子交换器 mono-bed ion exchange冷却塔 cooling tower温式冷却塔 dry cooling tower干式冷却塔 dry cooling tower干一湿式冷却塔 dry-wet cooling tower自然通风冷却塔 natural draft cooling tower机械通风冷却塔 mechamical draft cooling tower风筒式冷却塔 chimney cooling tower开放式冷却塔 atmospheric cooling tower抽风式机械通风冷却塔 induced draft mechanical cooling tower 鼓风式机械通风冷却塔 forced draft mechnical cooling tower 横流式冷却塔 crossfolw cooling tower逆流式冷却塔 counter flow cooling tower淋水填料 packing点滴式淋水材料splash packing薄膜式淋水材料 film packing点滴薄膜式淋水填料 splash-film packing冷却塔配水系统 cooling tower distribution system槽式配水系统 troughing distribution system管式配水系统 piping distribution system管――槽结合式配水系统 pipe-troughing distrbution system池式配水系统 hot water distribution basin旋转布水器 rotating distributor溅水喷嘴 spray nozzle冷却塔配水竖件 vertical well of water distribution淋水面积 area of water drenching淋水密度 water drenching density逼近度approach冷却水温差 cooling range除水器 drift eliminator飘滴 drift湿空气回流 recirculation of wet air喷水池 qpray pond冷却池 cooling pond深水型冷却池 shallow cooling pond浅水型冷却池 deep cooling pond挡热墙 skimmer wall潜水堰 submerged weir蒸发损失 evaporation loss风吹损失 windage loss渗漏损失 seepage loss温差异重流 thermal density flow水面综合散热系数 heat transfer coefficient循环冷却水 recirculating cooling water直流冷却水 once-through cooling water直接冷却水 dircet cooling water间接冷却水 indirect coolint water补充水 make-up water旁流 side stream排污 blowdown循环冷却水系统 recirculating cooling water system直流冷却水系统 once-through cooling water system敞开式循环冷却水系统 opened recirculation cooling water system 密闭式循环冷却水系统 closed recirculation cooling water system 结垢scale污垢 fouling生物粘泥 slime,biological fouling污垢热阻 fouling resistance生物粘泥量 slime content腐蚀 corrosion全面腐蚀(均匀腐蚀) general corrosion局部腐蚀 localozed corrosion垢下腐蚀 under-deposit corrosion点蚀 pitting腐蚀率 corrosion rate点蚀系数 pitting factor阻垢 scale inhibition缓蚀 corrosion inhibition防腐蚀 corrosion prevention浓缩倍数 cyclw of concentratin系统容积 volumetric content of system饱和指数 saturation index,Langelier index稳定指数 saturation inde，Ｌangelier index冷却水处理 coolimg water treatment旁流水处理 side-stream treatment补充水处理 make-up water treatment加酸处理scidification菌藻处理 microbiogiacl control旁流过滤 side-dtream filtration预膜 perfillmimg降解 degradation监测试片 monitoring coupon腐蚀试片 corrosion coupon阻垢剂 scale inhibitor分散剂 dispersant缓蚀剂 corrosion inhibitor杀生物剂 biocide预膜剂 prefilming abent剥离剂 stripping agent表面活性剂 surfactant消泡剂 defoaming agent排水制度 sewwer system合流制combined system分流制separate system检查井manhole跃水井drop manhole事故排出口emergencg outlet暴雨溢流井（截留井）storm overflow well, intercepting well 防潮门tide gate生活污水domestic sewage,domestic wastewater工业废水industrial wastewater生产污水polluted industrial wastewater生产废水non-polluted industrial wastewater城市污水municipal sewage；municipal wastewater旱流污水dry weather flow水体自净self-purification of water bodies一级处理primary treatment二级处理 secondary treatment生物处理biological treatment活性污泥法activated sludge process生物膜法biomembrance process双层沉淀池（隐化池）Imhoff tank初次沉淀池primary sedimentation tank二次沉淀池secondary sedimentation tank生物滤池biological filter, trickling filter塔式生物滤池 biotower生物转盘rotating biological disk生物接触氧化bio-contact oxidation曝气池aeration tank推流曝气plug flow aeration完全混合曝气complete-mixing aeration普通曝气conventional aeration阶段曝气step aeration吸附再生曝气 biosorption process,contact stabilization高负荷曝气 high-rate aeration延时曝气 extended aeration氧化沟 oxidation aitch稳定塘（氧化塘）stabilization pond,oxidation pond灌溉田 sewage farming隔油池 oil separtor固定布水器 fixed distributor活动布水器 movable distributor空气扩散曝气 diffused air aeration浅层曝气 inka aeration机械表面曝气 mechamical xurface aeration 混合液 mixed liquor堰门 weir gate原污泥raw sludge初沉污泥 primary sludge二沉污泥secondary sludge活性污泥 activated sludge消化污泥 activated sludge回流污泥 returned sludge剩余污泥 excess activated sludge污泥气 sludge gas污泥消化 sludge digestion好氧消化 aerobic sigestion厌氧消化 anaerobic digestion中温消化 mesophilic digestion高温消化 thermophilic digestion污泥浓缩 sludge thickening污泥淘洗 elutriation of sludge污泥脱水 sludge dewatering污泥真空过滤 sludge vacuum filtration污泥压滤sludge pressure filtration污泥干化 sludge drying污泥焚烧 sludge incineration合流水量 combined flow雨水量storm runoff暴雨强度 rainfall intensity人口当量 population equivalent重现期 recurrence interval降雨历时 duration of rainfall地面集水时间 time of flow管内流行时间 time of flow汇水面积 catchment area充满度 depth ratio表面水力负荷 hydraulic surface loading 固体负荷 solid loading堰负荷 weir loading容积负荷 volume loading表面有机负荷 organic surface loading污泥负荷 sludge loading需氧量 oxygen demand供氧（气）量 oxygen (air) supply氧转移率 oxygen transfer efficiency充氧能力 oxygenation capacity泥饼产率 sludge cake production污泥回流比 return sludge ratio污泥浓度 sludge concentration截流倍数 interception ratio径流系数 runoff coefficient总变化系数 peaking variation factor生化需氧量 biochemical oxygen demand化学需氧量 chemical oxygen demand耗氧量 oxygen consumption悬浮固体 suspended solid电镀废水 electroplating wastewater电镀清洗废水 electroplating rinse-wastewater闭路循环 closed system, closed loop连续处理 continuous treatment间歇处理 batch treatment清洗槽 rinse tank连续式逆流清洗 continuous countercurrent rinsing 间歇式逆流清洗 intermittent countercurrent rinsing 反喷洗清洗 back spray rinsing清洗用水定额 rinsing water norm末级清洗槽浓度 final rinse tank concentration清洗倍率 rinsing ratio碱性氯化法 alkaline chlorination process一级氧化处理 first stage oxidation treatment二级氧化处理 second stage oxidation treatment槽内处理法 tank treatment铁氧体法 ferriter technique树脂交换容量 resin exchange capacity空间流速 space flow rate交换流速 exchange flow rate再生周期 regeneration period洗脱液 spent regenerant离子交换柱 ion exchange column电解处理法 electrolytic treatment电极密度 electrode density极距 electrode distance双极性电极 bipolar electrode不溶性阳极 insoluble anode周期换向 periodic reversal脉冲电解 pulse electrolysis流出水头 static pressure for outflow给水额定流量 rate of flow设计秒流量 design flow design load卫生器具当量 fixture unit设计小时耗热量 heat consumption热水循环流量 hot water circulating flow循环附加流量 additional circulating flow配水点 points of distribution上行下给式 upfeed system下行上给式 downfeed system单向供水 one way service pipe system双向供水 multi-way service pipe system竖向分区 vertical division block明设 exposed installation暗设 concealed installation，embedded installation回流污染 backflow pollution空气间歇 air gap粪便污水 soil生活废水 waste水流转角 angle of turning flow内排水系统 interior storm system外排水系统 outside storm system集中热水供应系统 central heating system开式热水供应系统 open system of hot water supply单管热水供应系统 single pipe system of hot water supply 自然循环 natural circulation机械循环 mechanical circulation第一循环管系 primary circulating system第二循环管系 secondary circulating system引入管 service pipe, inlet pipe排出管 building drain, outlet pipe立管 vertical pipe, riser, stack横管 horizontal pipe悬吊管 hanged pipe清扫口 cleanout检查口 checkhole，checkpipe存水弯 trap,water-sealed joint水封 water seal通气管 vent pipe,vent伸顶通气管 stack vent专用通气立管 specific vent stack主通气立管 main vent stack副通气立管 secondary vent stack, assistant vent stack 环形通气管 loop vent器具通气管 firxture vent结合通气管 yoke vent, yoke vent pipe间接排水管 indirect waste pipe雨水斗 rain strainer回水管 return pipe如有帮助欢迎下载支持卫生器具 plumbing fixtrure, fixture气压给水设备 pneumatic tank隔油井 grease interceptor降温池 cooling tank化粪池 septic tank接触消毒池 disinfecting tank11。
给排水专业英语
1 管道组成件Piping component1.1 管子Pipe管子(按照配管标准规格制造的) pipe管子(不按配管标准规格制造的其他用管) tube钢管steel pipe铸铁管cast iron pipe衬里管lined pipe复合管clad pipe碳钢管carbon steel pipe合金钢管alloy steel pipe不锈钢stainless steel pipe奥氏体不锈钢管austenitic stainless steel pipe铁合金钢管ferritic alloy steel pipe轧制钢管wrought-steel pipe锻铁管wrought-iron pipe无缝钢管seamless (SMLS) steel pipe焊接钢管welded steel pipe电阻焊钢管electric-resistance welded steel pipe电熔（弧）焊钢板卷管electric-fusion (arc)-welded steel-plate pipe螺旋焊接钢管spiral welded steel pipe镀锌钢管galvanized steel pipe热轧无缝钢管hot-rolling seamless pipe冷拔无缝钢管cold-drawing seamless pipe水煤气钢管water-gas steel pipe塑料管plastic pipe玻璃管glass tube橡胶管rubber tube直管run pipe; straight pipe1.2 管件Fitting弯头elbow异径弯头reducing elbow带支座弯头base elbow长半径弯头long radius elbow短半径弯头short radius elbow长半径180°弯头long radius return短半径180°弯头short radius return带侧向口的弯头（右向或左向）side outlet elbow (right hand or left hand) 双支管弯头（形）double branch elbow三通tee异径三通reducing tee等径三通straight tee带侧向口的三通（右向或左向）side outlet tee (right hand or 1eft hand)异径三通（分支口为异径）reducing tee (reducing on outlet)异径三通（一个直通口为异径）reducing tee (reducing on one run)带支座三通base tee异径三通（一个直通口及分支口为异径）reducing tee (reducing on one run and outlet)异径三通（两个直通口为异径，双头式）reducing tee (reducing on both runs, bull head)45°斜三通45° lateral45°斜三通（支管为异径）45° lateral (reducing on branch)45°斜三通(一个直通口为异径) 45° lateral (reducing on one run)45°斜三通(一个直通口及支管为异径) 45° lateral (reducing on one run and branch)Y型三通（俗称裤衩）true “Y”四通cross等径四通straight cross异径四通reducing cross异径四通（一个分支口为异径）reducing cross (reducing on one outlet)异径四通（一个直通口及分支口为异径）reducing cross (reducing on one run and outlet)异径四通（两个分支口为异径）reducing cross (reducing on both outlet)异径四通（一个直通口及两个分支口为异径）reducing cross (reducing on one run and both outlet) 异径管reducer同心异径管concentric reducer偏心异径管eccentric reducer锻制异径管reducing swage螺纹支管台threadolet焊接支管台weldolet承插支管台sockolet弯头支管台elbolet斜接支管台latrolet镶入式支管嘴sweepolet短管支管台nipolet支管台，插入式支管台boss管接头coupling, full coupling半管接头half coupling异径管接头reducing coupling活接头union内外螺纹缩接（俗称补芯）bushing管帽cap (C)堵头plug短节nipple异径短节reducing nipple; swage nipple1.3 弯管Bend预制弯管fabricated pipe bend跨越弯管（^ 形）cross-over bend偏置弯管（~ 形）offset bend90°弯管quarter bend环形弯管cirele bend单侧偏置90°弯管（? 形）single offset quarter bendS形弯管“S” bend单侧偏置U形膨胀弯管（| ?形）single offset “U” bendU形弯管“U” bend双偏置U膨胀弯管double offset expansion “U” bend斜接弯管mitre bend三节斜接弯管3-piece mitre bend折皱弯管corrugated bend圆度roundness1.4 法兰Flange (FLG）整体管法兰integral pipe flange钢管法兰steel pipe flange螺纹法兰threaded flange滑套法兰（包括平焊法兰）slip-on flange (SO); slip-on welding flange 承插焊法兰socket welding flange松套法兰lap joint flange (LJF)对焊法兰welding neckflange (WNF)法兰盖blind flange, blind孔板法兰orifice flange异径法兰reducing flange盘座式法兰pad type flange松套带颈法兰loose hubbed flange焊接板式法兰welding plate flange对焊环welding neck collar （与stub end相似）平焊环welding-on collar突缘短节stub end, lap翻边端lapped pipe end松套板式法兰loose plate flange压力级pressure rating, pressure rating class压力—温度等级pressure-temperature rating法兰密封面，法兰面flange facing突面raised face (RF)凸面male face (MF)凹面female face (FMF)榫面tongue face槽面groove face环连接面ring joint face全平面；满平面flat face; full face (FF)光滑突面smooth raised face (SRF)法兰面加工facing finish粗糙度roughness光滑的smooth齿形serrated均方根root mean square (RMS)算术平均粗糙高度arithmetical average roughness height (AARH)配对法兰companion-flange螺栓圆bolt circle (B.C.)1.5 垫片Gasket (GSKT)垫片的型式type of gasket平垫片flat gasket环形平垫片flat ring gasket平金属垫片flat metal gasket夹棉织物的橡胶elastomer with cotton fabric insertion夹石棉织物的橡胶elastomer with asbestos fabric insertion夹石棉织物及金属丝加强的橡胶elastomer with asbestos fabric insertion and with wire reinforcement无石墨压缩白石棉垫片non graphited compressed white asbestos gasket天然白橡胶垫片natural white rubber gasket压缩石棉垫片compressed asbestos class gasket浸聚四氟乙烯的石棉垫片PTFE impregnated asbestos gasket夹石棉的缠绕金属垫片spiral-wound metal gasket with asbestos filler内环inner ring外环，外定位环outer ring波纹金属垫片corrugated metal gasket波纹金属包嵌石棉垫片corrugated metal gasket with asbestos inserted双夹套波纹金属包石棉垫片corrugated metal double jacketed asbestos filled gasket 双夹套垫片double jacketed gasket金属包石棉平垫片flat metal jacketed asbestos filled gasket整体金属齿形垫片solid metal serrated gasket槽形金属垫片grooved metal gasket环形连接金属垫片ring joint metal gasket八角环形垫片octagonal ring gasket椭圆环形垫片oval ring gasket透镜式垫片lens gasket非金属垫片non-metallic gasket1.6 阀门Valve1.6.1 阀门结构、零件阀轭yoke外螺纹阀杆及阀轭outside screw and yoke (OS & Y)阀杆stem内螺纹inside screw (IS)阀轭套yoke sleeve阀杆环stem ring阀座valve seat (body seat)阀座环、密封圈seat ring整体（阀）座integral seat堆焊（阀）座deposited seat阀芯（包括密封圈、杆等内件）trim阀盘disc阀盘密封圈disc seat阀体body阀盖bonnet阀盖衬套bonnet bush螺纹阀帽screw cap螺纹阀盖screw bonnet螺栓连接的阀盖bolted bonnet (BB)活接阀盖（帽）union bonnet (cap)螺栓连接的阀帽bolted cap (BC)焊接阀盖welded bonnet (WB)本体阀杆密封body stem seal石棉安全密封asbestos emenen seal倒密封back seal压力密封的阀盖pressure-tight bonnet动力操纵器powered operator电动操纵器electric motor operator气动操纵器pneumatic operator液压操纵器hydraulic operator快速操纵器quick-acting operator滑动阀杆sliding stem正齿轮传动spur gear operated伞齿轮传动bevel gear operated扳手操作wrench operated链轮chain wheel手轮hand wheel手柄hand lever (handle)气缸（或液压缸）操纵的cylinder operated链条操纵的chain operated等径孔道full bore; full port异径孔道reducing bore, reduced port,venturi port 短型short pattern紧凑型（小型）compact type笼式环lantern ring压盖gland阀杆填料stem packing阀盖垫片bonnet gasket升杆式（明杆）rising stem (RS)非升杆式（暗杆）non-rising stem (NRS)指示器/限位器indicator/stopper注油器grease injector可更换的阀座环renewable seat ring1.6.2 常用阀(1）闸阀gate valve平行双闸板double disc parallel seat开口楔形闸板split wedge挠性整体楔形闸扳flexible solid wedge整体楔形闸板solid wedge塞型闸阀plug gate valve直通型闸阀through conduit gate valve(2) 截止阀globe valve球心型阀盘globe type disc塞型阀盘plug type disc可转动的阀盘swivel disc(3) 节流闪阀throttle valve针阀needle valve(4) 角阀angle valve(5) Y型阀（Y 型阀体截止阀）Y-valve (Y-body globe valve)(6) 球阀ball valve三通球阀3-way ball valve装有底轴的trunnion mounted耐火型fire safe type浮动球型floating ball type防脱出阀杆blowout proof stem(7) 蝶阀butterfly valve对夹式（薄片型）wafer type凸耳式lug type偏心阀板蝶阀offset disc burerfly valve; eccentric butterfly valve 斜阀盘蝶阀canted disc butterfly valve连杆式蝶阀link butterfly valve8) 柱塞阀piston type valve(9) 旋塞阀plug valve三通旋塞阀three-way plug valve四通旋塞阀four-way plug valve旋塞cock衬套旋塞sleeve cock(10) 隔膜阀diaphragm valve橡胶衬里隔膜阀rubber lined diaphragm valve直通式隔膜阀straight way diaphragm valve堰式隔膜阀weir diaphragm valve(11) 夹紧式胶管阀pinch valve（用于泥浆、粉尘等）(12) 止回阀check valve升降式止回阀lift check valve旋启式止回阀swing check valve, flap check valve落球式止回阀ball check valve弹簧球式止回阀spring ball check valve双板对夹式止回阀dual plate wafer type check valve无撞击声止回阀non-slam cheek valve底阀foot valve切断式止回阀stop check valve; non-return valve活塞式止回阀piston check valve斜翻盘止回阀tilting disc check valve蝶式止回阀butterfly check valve1.6.3 其它用途的阀安全泄气阀safety valve (SV)安全泄液阀relief valve (RV)安全泄压阀safety relief valve杠杆重锤式lever and weight type引导阀操纵的安全泄气阀pilot operated safety valve复式安全泄气阀twin type safety valve罐底排污阀flush-bottom tank valve电磁阀solenoid valve, solenoid operated valve电动阀electrically operated valve, electric-motor operated valve气动阀pneumatic operated valve低温用阀cryogenic service valve蒸汽疏水阀steam trap机械式疏水阎mechanical trap浮桶式疏水阀open bucket trap, open top bucket trap浮球式疏水阀float trap倒吊桶式疏水阀inverted bucket trap自由浮球式疏水阀loose float trap恒温式疏水阀thermostatic trap金属膨胀式蒸汽疏水阀metal expansion steam trap液体膨胀式蒸汽疏水阀liquid expansion steam trap双金属膨胀式蒸汽疏水阀bimetallic expansion steam trap压力平衡式恒温疏水阀balanced pressure thermostatic trap热动力式疏水阀thermodynamic trap脉冲式蒸汽疏水阀impulse steam trap放气阀（自动放气阀）air vent valve (automatic air vent valve) （疏水阀用）平板式滑动闸阀slab type sliding gate valve盖阀flat valve换向阀diverting valve, reversing valve热膨胀阀thermo expansion valve自动关闭阀self-closing gate valve自动排液阀self-draining valve管道盲板阀line-blind valve挤压阀squeeze valve（用于泥浆及粉尘等）呼吸阀breather valve风门、挡板damper减压阀pressure reducing valve, reducing valve控制阀control valve膜式控制阀diaphragm operated control valve执行机构actuator背压调节阀back pressure regulating valve差压调节阀differential pressure regulating valve压力比例调节阀pressure ratio regulating valve1.6.4 未指明结构（或阀型）的阀切断阀block valve; shut-off valve; stop valve调节阀regulating valve快开阀quick opening valve快闭阀quick closing valve隔断阀isolating valve三通阀three way valve夹套阔jacketed valve非旋转式阀non-rotary valve排污阀blowdown valve集液排放阀drip valve排液阀drain valve放空阀vent valve卸载阀unloading valve排出阀discharge valve吸入阀suction valve多通路阀multiport valve取样阀sampling valve手动阀hand-operated valve; manually operated valve 锻造阀forged valve铸造阀cast valve（水）龙头bibb; bib; faucet抽出液阀（小阀）bleed valve旁路阀by-pass valve软管阀hose valve混合阀mixing valve破真空阀vacuum breaker冲洗阀flush valve第一道阀；根部阀primary valve根部阀root valve总管阀header valve事故切断阀emergency valve1.7 管道特殊件Piping Specialty1.7.1 管道特殊件（组件）粗滤器strainer过滤器filter临时粗滤器（锥型）temporary strainer (cone type)y 型粗滤器y-type strainerT型粗滤器T-type strainer永久过滤器permanent filter丝网粗滤器gauze strainer洗眼器及淋浴器eye washer and shower视镜sight glass阻火器flame arrester喷嘴；喷头spray nozzle取样冷却器sample cooler消声器silencer膨胀节expansion joint波纹膨胀节bellow expansion joint单波single bellow双波double bellow多波multiple bellow压力平衡式膨胀节pressure balanced expansion带铰链膨胀节hinged expansion joint轴向位移型膨胀节axial movement type expansion joint 自均衡膨胀节（外加强环）self-equalizing expansion joint 带接杆膨胀节tied expansion joint万向型膨胀节universal type expansion joint球形补偿器ball type expansion joint填函式补偿器slip type (packed type) expansion joint单向滑动填料函补偿器single actionpacked slip joint1.7.2 管道特殊元件Piping Special Element软管接头hose connection (HC)快速接头quick coupling金属软管metal hose橡胶管rubber hose挠性管flexible tube鞍形补强板reinforcing saddles补强板reinforcement pad特殊法兰special flange漏斗funnel排液环drip ring排液漏斗drain funnel插板blank垫环spacer8字盲板spectacle blind; figure 8 blind限流孔板restriction orifice爆破片rupture disk法兰盖贴面protective disc费托立克接头victaulic coupling1.8 端部连接End Connection法兰端flanged end坡口端beveled end (BE)对焊端butt welded end平端plain end (PE)承插焊端socket welding end螺纹端threaded end (TE)承口bell end焊接端welding end法兰连接（接头）flanged joint对焊连接（接头）butt welded joint螺纹连接，管螺纹连接threaded joint, pipe threaded joint 锥管螺纹密封焊连接seal-welded taper pipe threaded joint 承插焊连接（接头）socket welded joint承插连接（接头）bell and spigot joint环垫接头ring joint (RJ)万向接头universal joint软钎焊连接（接头）soldered joint搭接接头，松套连接lapped joint外侧厚度切斜角bevel for outside thickncss内侧厚度切斜角bevel for inside thickness内外侧厚度切斜角bevel for combined thickness法兰式的flanged (FLGD)对焊的butt welded (BW)螺纹的threaded (THD)承插焊的socket welded (SW)小端为平的small end plain (SEP)大端为平的large end plain (LEP)两端平both ends plain (BEP)小端带螺纹small end thread (SET)大端带螺纹large end thread (LET)两端带螺纹both end thread (BET)一端带螺纹one end thread (OET)支管连接branch connection焊接支管branch pipe welded directly to the run pipe 2 管道用紧固件及螺纹2.1 紧固件螺栓 bolt六角头螺栓 hexagonal head bolt方头螺栓 square head bolt螺柱，双头螺栓 stud bolt环头螺检 eye bolt沉头螺栓 countersunk (head) screw地脚螺栓 anchor bolt; foundation bolt 松紧螺旋扣（花篮螺丝） turnbuckleU形螺栓 U-boltT形螺栓 T-bolt圆头螺钉 round head bolt机螺栓，机螺钉 maehine bolt顶开螺栓，顶起螺栓 Jack screw自攻螺钉 self tapping screw膨胀螺栓 expansion bolt粗制的 coarse精制的 finished, fine螺母 nut六角螺母 hexagonal nut方螺母 square nut蝶形螺母 wing nut扁螺母 flat nut锁紧螺母 lock nut垫圈 washer平垫圈 plain washer球面垫圈 spherical washer弹簧垫圈 spring washer方垫圈 square washer斜垫圈 slant washer销轴 pinned shan销 pin开口销 cotter pin定位销 dowel pin带孔销 pin with hole圆锥销 taper pin铆钉 rivet键 key2.2 螺纹左螺纹left hand thread右螺纹 right hand thread管螺纹 pipe thread锥管螺纹 taper pipe thread直管螺纹straight pipe thread梯形螺纹 trapezoid thread螺距pitch of thread粗牙螺纹coarse thread细牙螺纹 fine thread特细牙螺纹extra fine thread通长螺纹full thread惠氏螺纹whitworth thread公制螺纹 metric ibread美国标准锥管螺纹 American standard taper pipe thread (NPT) 螺孔 tap3 材料、型钢及填料3.1 金属材料3.1.1 黑色金属 Ferrous Metal碳素钢 carbon steel (CS)低碳钢 low-carbon steel中碳钢 medium-carbon steel高碳钢 high-carbon steel普通碳素钢 general carbon steel优质碳素钢 high-quality carbon steel普通低合金结构钢 general structure low-alloy steel合金结构钢 structural alloy steel合金钢 alloy steel低合金钢 low alloy steel中合金钢 medium alloy steel高合金钢 high alloy steel耐热钢 heat resisting steel高强度钢 high strength steel复合钢 clad steel工具钢 tool steel弹簧钢 spring steel钼钢 molybdenum steel镍钢 nickel steel铬钢 chromium steel铬钼钢 chrome-molybdenum steel铬镍钢 chromium-nickel steel,chrome-nickel steel 不锈钢 stainless steel (S.S.)奥氏体不锈钢 Austenitic stainless steel马氏体不锈钢 Martensitic stainless steel司特来合金（钨铬钴台金） Stellite耐蚀耐热镍基合金 Hastelloy铬镍铁合金 inconel耐热铬镍铁合金 incoloy20合金 20 alloy平炉钢（马丁钢） Martin steel镇静钢 killed steel半镇静钢 semi-killed steel沸腾钢 rimmed steel; rimming steel; open-steel锻钢 forged steel铸钢 cast steel铸铁 cast iron (C.I.)灰铸铁 grey cast iron可锻铸铁 malleable iron (MI)球墨铸铁 nodular cast iron; nodular graphite iron 生铁 pig iron熟铁，锻铁 wrought iron铸件 casting高硅铸铁 high silicon cast iron3.1.2 镀层及制造方法渗铬钢，镀铬钢 chromized steel镀铬的 chromium-plated, chrome-plated镀层 plating锻造，型钢 swage锻造的，锻造 forging轧制 rolling热轧 hot rolling冷轧 cold rolling挤压 extruding冷加工 cold working热加工 hot working拔制 drawing3.1.3 有色金属Non-ferrous Metal铝 aluminum铜，紫铜 copper黄铜 brass青铜 bronze铝青铜 aluminum bronze磷青铜 phosphor bronze铝镁合金 aluminum magnesium锰青铜 manganese bronze蒙乃尔（注：镍及铜合金） Monel镍铜台金 nickel copper alloy非铁合金 nonferrous alloy钛 titanium铅 lead硬铅 hard lead3.1.4 材料性能极限强度 ultimate strength抗拉强度 tensile strength屈服极限 yield limit屈服点 yield point延伸率 percentage elongation抗压强度 compressive strength抗弯强度 bending strength弹性极限 elastic limit冲击值 impact value疲劳极限 fatigue limit蠕变极限 creep limit持久极限 endurance limit布氏硬度 Brinell hardness洛氏硬度 Rockwell hardness维氏硬度 Vickers diamond hardness, diamond penetrator hardness 蠕变断裂强度 creep rupture strength断面收缩率 reduction of area韧性 toughess脆性 brittleness延性 ductility冷脆 cold shortness冷流 cold flow3.2 非金属材料 Non-metallic Material塑料 plastic丙烯腈—丁二烯—苯乙烯 acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) 聚乙烯 polyethylene (PE)聚氯乙烯 polyvinyl chloride (PVC)苯乙烯橡胶 styrene-rubber (SR)聚丁烯 polybutylene (PB)聚丙烯 polypropylene (PP)聚苯乙烯 polystyrene (PS)氯化聚醚 chlorinated polyether (CPE)聚酰胺 polyamide (PA)聚碳酸酯 polycarbonate (PC)聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯 polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA)醋酸丁酸纤维素cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB)氯化聚氯乙烯 chlorinated polyvinyl chloride (CPVC)聚偏二氟乙烯 polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)缩醛塑料 acetal plastic尼龙塑料 nylon plastic聚烯烃 polyolefin (PO)石墨酚醛塑料 graphite phenolic plastics聚四氟乙烯 polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)纤维增强热塑性塑料 fiber reinforced thermoplastics热塑性塑料 thermoplastic热固性塑料 thermosetting plastics胶粘剂 adhesive溶剂胶接剂 solvent cement树脂 resin环氧树脂 epoxy, epoxy resin聚酯树脂 polyester resin聚酯纤维 polyester fibers氟塑料 fluoroplastics聚氨基甲酸酯 polyurethane丙烯酸树脂 acrylic resin脲醛树脂 urea resin呋哺树脂 furan resin乙烯丙烯二烃单体 ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) 合成橡胶 synthetic rubber橡胶 rubber丁腈橡胶 nitrile butadiene rubber氯丁橡胶 neoprene天然橡胶 natural rubber乙丙橡胶 ethylene propylene rubber (EPR)玻璃 glass硼硅玻璃 borosilicate glass耐火砖 fire brick陶瓷 ceramic搪瓷 porcelain enamel木材 wood3.3 型材型钢 shaped steel, section steel, swage角钢 angle steel槽钢 channel工字钢 I-beam宽缘工字钢或H钢 wide flanged beamT型钢 T-bar方钢 square bar扁钢 flat bar角钢 hexagonal steel bar圆钢 round steel; rod钢带 strap steel钢板 plate网纹钢板 checkered plate腹板（指型钢的立板） web翼缘（指型钢的缘） wing3.4 填料及填料函填料 packing石棉绳 asbestos rope, asbestos cord．O形环 O-ring自密封 self-sealing四氟带 Teflon tap带铬镍合金丝的石棉绳 asbestos rope with inconel wire, inconel wire asbestos浸聚四氟乙烯的石棉填料 Teflon impregnated asbestos packing金属填料 metallic stuffing填料箱，填料函 packing box, stuffing box填料函压盖 stuffing box gland4 管道等级及材料统计4.1 管道材料规定 Piping Material Specification管道等级 piping class; piping classification管道等级号 class designation公称直径 nominal diameter (DN); nominal (pipe) size公称压力 nominal pressure (PN)压力级，等级，类别 class (CL)低压 low pressure (L.P.)中压 medium pressure (M.P.)高压 high pressure (H.P.)大气压 atmosphere (ATM)真空 vacuum工作压力 operating pressure; working pressure设计压力 design pressure工作温度 operating temperature设计温度 design temperature环境温度 ambient temperature腐蚀裕量 corrosion allowance管道附件 piping attachment管道元件 piping element壁厚 wall thickness (WT)壁厚系列号 schedule number (SCH. No.)加厚的，加强的 extra heavy, extra strong双倍加厚的，双倍加强的 double extra heavy, double extra strong通用连接组 typieal installation分组（类）形式（如管道等级表） block form数据库 data base文件 file4.2 材料统计 Material Take-off (MTO)汇总表 summary sheet材料表 bill of material (BM)综合管道材料表 consolidated piping material summary sheet (CPMSS) 统计材料准确度 accuracy of take-off材料情况报告 material status report (MSR)散装材料 bulk material编位号的 itemized代码 code number短代码 short code数量 quantity (QTY)重力 weight净重 net weight毛重 gross weight5 设备布置及管道布置Plot Plan and Piping Layout,Equipment and Piping Arrangement5.1 设备名称 Equipment Name5.1.1 容器 Vessel(1) 塔 tower, column洗涤塔 scrubber吸收塔 absorber冷却塔 cooling tower精馏塔 fractionating tower蒸馏塔 distillation tower再生塔 regenering tower造粒塔 prflling tower汽提塔 stripper脱气塔 degasifier合成塔 synthesis tower(2) 反应器 reactor聚台釜 polymerizer转化器，变换器 converter脱硫反应器 desulphurization reactor 甲烷化器 methanator(3) 气柜 gas-holder螺旋式气柜 helical gas-holder湿式气柜 wet gas-holder干式气柜 dry gas-holder(4) 槽罐贮罐 tank; storage tank缓冲罐 knock out drum球罐 spheroid, spherical tank罐 drum接受槽 receiver计量槽 measuring tank加料槽 feed tank排污罐 blow down tank闪蒸罐 flash drum汽包 steam drum溶液贮槽 solution storage tank地下槽 sloptank(5) 其它设备分离器 separator旋风分离器 cyclone分子筛 molecular sieve脱氧器 deaerator搅拌器 agitator干燥器 dryer混合器 mixer萃取器 extractor结晶器 crystallizer澄清器 gravity settler净化器 purifier气化器 vaporizer吸附器 adsorber融解槽 melter减温器 desuperheater升压器 booster喷射器 ejector喷头 sprayer火炬 flare消声器 silencer(6) 换热器、加热器、冷却器换热器 heat exchanger空冷器 air cooler水冷却器 water cooler冷凝器 condenser螺旋板式换热器 spiral plate heat exchanger 蒸发器 evaporator再沸器 reboiler急冷器 quencher深冷器 chiller预热器 preheater再热器 reheater加热器 heater电加热器 electric heater过热器 super heater给水加热器 feed water heater中间冷却器 inter cooler后冷却器 after cooler5.1.2 工业炉及锅炉炉子 furnace烧嘴 burner锅炉 boiler烟囱 stack废热锅炉 waste heat boiler辅助锅炉 auxiliary boiler省煤器 economizer回热炉 direct-fired heater辐射段 radiant section对流段 convection section裂化炉 reformer焚烧炉 incinerator回转窑 rotary kiln炉管 furnace tube吹灰器 soot blower观察孔 observation door, peep door防爆门 explosion door5.2 辅助用房名称5.2.1 生产用房分析室 analyzer room变压器室 transformer room配电室，变电所 substation, switch room蓄电池室 battery room控制室 control room通风室 ventilating room贮藏室 storage room维修间 maintenance room办公室 office5.2.2 生活用房更农室 locker room盥洗室，厕所 closet, lavatory, toilet5.3 图名管道布置平面 piping arrangement plan (PAP)管道布置 piping layout轴测图 isometric drawing分区索引图 key plan初版设备布置图（“A”版）preliminary plot plan ( “A” issue)内部审查版设备布置图（“B”版）inrernal approval plot plan ( “B” issue)用户审查版设备布置图（“C”版) owner a pproval plot plan ( “C” issue)确认版设备布置图（“D”版）confirm plot plan ( “D” issue)研究版设备布置图（“e”版）planning plot plan ( “E” issue)设计版设备布置图（“F”）designing plot plan ( “F” issue)施工版设备布置图（“G”版）construction plot plan ( “G” issue)5.4 厂房、站、单元压缩机房 compressor house (room)泵房 pump house (room)洗眼站 eye washer station泡沫站 foam station软管站，公用工程站 hose station (HS), utility station成套设备 package unit设施 facilities罐区 tank yard空分装置 air separation facility5.5 设备布置设备位号 equipment item number工厂 plant工厂区界 plant limit项目区界内侧 inside battery limit (I.S.B.L.) 项目区界 batterylimit (BL)区界 area limit区域边界 zone iimit界外 off site东 east (E)西 west (W)南 south (S)北 north (N)上 up下 down工厂北向 plant north真实北向 true north道路 road小过道 cat walk, cat way走道，过道 walk way, gangway, access way污水坑（井） sump pit集水池 catch basin沟槽 through预留区 trough场地 future area铺砌区 paving area非铺砌区 unpaved area碎石铺面 gravel paving橡皮铺面 rubber paving面积，区域 area体积，容积 volume (VOL)5.6 管道布置管道设计 piping design管道研究 piping study走向研究 routing study重要管道 critical piping地上管道 above ground piping地下管道 under ground piping管网 network of pipes管廊 pipe rack管沟 piping trench管间距 line spacing管道跨距 line span总管 header, manifold旁路 by pass排液 drain放空 vent上升管，垂直管 riser导管 canduit裸管 bare iine管件直接 fitting to fitting (FTF)管段，接口 spool piece, spool取样接口 sampling connection集液包 drip leg伴热管 tracing pipe蒸汽伴热 steam tracing热水伴热 hot-water tracing电伴热 electrical tracing夹套管 jacketed line, jacketed piping全夹套的 full jacketed平面 plan详图 detail“ ”视图X view “X”“ ”剖视A-A section “A-A”连接图 hook up drawing接续图 continue on drawing (COD)接续线 match line (M.L.)比例 scale图例 legend符号 symbol管口表 list of nozzles方位 orientation管口方位 nozzle orientation定位 location相交 intersection水平的 horizontal垂直的，立式的 vertical垂直，正交，垂直的 perpendicular平行，平行的 parallel水平安装 horizontal installation垂直安装 vertical installafion对称的 symmetric相反（的），对面（的） opposite顺时针方向 clock wise逆时针方向 counter clock wise计算机辅助设计 computer aided design (CAD)5.7 图面标注绝对标高 abselute elevation海平面标高 over-sea mean level (OSL)标高，立面 elevation (EL)混凝土顶面 top of concrete架顶面 top of support (TOS)钢结构顶面 top of steel梁项面 top of beam (TOB)支撑点 point of suppon (POS)管顶 top of pipe (TOP)管底 bouom of pipe (BOP)沟底 boaom of trench管子内底 invert (inside bottom of pipe) 底平 flat on bottom (FOB)顶平 flat on top (FOT)工作点 working point (W.P.)面至面 face to face (F-F)中心至端面 center to end (C-E)中心至面 center to face (C-F)中心至中心，中至中 center to center (C-C) 坐标 coordinate坐标原点 origin of coordinate出口中心线 center line of discharge入口中心线 center line of suction中心线 centerline (CL)入口 inlet, suction出口 outlet, discharge排出口 exhaust距离 distance5.8 相关专业的专业词汇5.8.1 工艺(1) 图及表流程图 flow diagram工艺流程图 process flow diagram (PFD)管道及仪表流程图 piping andinstrument flow diagram (PID)公用工程流程图 utility flow diagram (UFD) 管线表 line list; line schedule命名表；管道表 nomenclature设备表 equipment list (schedule)(2) 流体 fluid空气 air仪表空气 instrument air工艺空气 process air低压蒸汽 low pressure steam中压蒸汽 medium pressure steam高压蒸汽 high pressure steam伴热蒸汽 tracing steam饱和蒸汽 saturated steam过热蒸汽 superheated steam氧气 oxygen氢气 hydrogen氮气 nitrogen燃料气 fuel gas天然气 natural gas火炬气 flare gas酸性气 sour gas液化石油气 liquefired petroleum gas (LPG) 氨气 ammonia gas冷却水 cooling循环水 circulating water锅炉给水 boiler feed water热水 hot water蒸汽冷凝水 steam condensate盐水 brine工艺水 process water化学污水 chemical sewage防腐剂 corrosion inhibitor重油 heavy oil石脑油 naphtha燃料油 fuel oil润滑油 lubricating oil密封油 sealing oil冷冻剂 refrigerant载热体 heating medium溶剂 solvent溶液 solution母液 mother liquor单体 monomer聚合物 polymer均聚物 homopolymer共聚物 copolymer工艺液体 process liquid工艺气体 process gas硫酸 sulphuric acid盐酸 chlorhydric acid硝酸 nitric acid烧碱 caustic soda(3) 流体特性 fluid characteristics蒸汽压 vapor pressure临界温度 critical temperature临界点 critical point临界压力 critical pressure比热 specific heat湿度 humidity密度 density比重 specific gravity粘度 viscosity闪点 flash point融点 melting point凝固点 freezing point浓度 concentration爆炸极限 limit of explosion有毒的 toxic可燃的；易燃的 flammable(4) 其它回收 recovery再生 regeneration循环 cireulatlon再循环；再生 recycle补充 make-up制备 preparation蒸汽吹扫 steaming out吹扫 purge抽空；排空 evacuation吹出 blow-off排污 blow down破真空 vacuum breaker大气腿 barometric leg备用 stand-by化学清洗 chemical cleaning净正吸入压头 net positive suction head (NPSH) 进料 feed成品 product污染 contamination大气污染 atmospheric pollution环境温度 ambient temperature5.8.2 建筑、结构建筑物 building钢结构 steel structure已有钢结构 existing steel structure钢筋混凝土结构 reinforced concrete construction 楼面 floor平台 platform (PF)地面 ground level栏杆 handrail楼梯 stair; stair way直梯 ladder柱 column; post; stanchion基础 foundation; footing粱 beam斜撑；支撑 bracing桁架；主粱 girder构件 member隔墙 partition wall墙 wall篦子板 grate; grating吊装孔 erection opening吊梁 hoisting beam棚 shelter窗 window天窗 skylight门 door防火门 fire door地漏 floor drain防火层 fire-proofing总图 general plot plan路肩 shoulder桩 pile灌浆 grouting风荷载 wind load雪荷载 snow load动力荷载 dynamic load静荷载 dead load活荷载 live load风速 wind velocity主导风向 most frequent wind direction5.8.3 仪表盘（操作盘） panel就地盘 local panel仪表盘 instrument panel常开 normally open常闭 normally closed电缆槽（架） cable tray (channel); cable rack 仪表电缆槽（架） instrument cable tray (duct) 压力计 manometer; pressure gauge热电偶 thermocouple温度计 thermometer液位计 level gauge玻璃液位计 gage glass温度计保护管 thermowell流量计 flow meter孔板 orifice变送器 transmitter联锁 interlock仪器；设备 apparatus仪器分析 instrumental analysis自动分析 automatic analysis气体分析 gas analysis化学分析 chemical analysis气相色谱仪 gas chromatograph液相色谱仪 liquid chromatograph质谱分析 mass spectrometric analysis5.8.4 电气危险区划分 hazardous area classification危险区平面图 hazardous area plan电气盘 electrical panel配电盘 switch board电缆沟 cable trench电流 current直流 direct current交流 alternating current频率 frequency相位 phase功率因数 power factor电压 voltage电阻 resistance电容 capacitance静电 static electricity接地 grounding; easthing照明 lighting; illumination避雷针 lightning preventer电话 telephone电线 wire接线箱（盒） junction box导线管 conduit tube5.8.5 设备固定鞍座 fixed saddle滑动鞍座 sliding saddle管口 nozzle人孔 manhole (MH)手孔 handhole (HH)检查孔 inspection hole吊柱 davit切线 tangent line焊接线 weldingiine件号 part humbet椭圆形封头 ellipsoidal head加强圈 reinforcing ring接地板 earth lug吊耳 lifting lug气缸 cylinder轴 shaft轴承 bearing附件，附属设备 accessory编位号设备 itemized equipment无位号设备 non-itemized equipment 5.8.6 水道(1) 流体原水 raw water硬水 hard water软水 soft water饮用水 potable water循环冷却水给水 cooling water supply 循环冷却水回水 cooling water return 脱盐水 demineralized water。
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1.给水工程water supply engineering FK8G BkQ!原水的取集和处理以及成品水输配的工程。
e>:bV7h j~2.排水工程sewerage,wastewater engineering 6"d^4L?收集、输送、处理和处置废水的工程。
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NbD 4.排水系统sewerage system ,@_$acm排水的收集、输送、水质处理和排放等设施以一定方式组合成的总体。
kH!I&4d& 5.给水水源water source blwdcdh给水工程所取用的原水水体。
Su<Ggv"6.原水raw water iY =M67V由水源地取来的原料水。
TzXivE@mm7.地表水surface water G`9\v=0存在于地壳表面，暴露于大气的水。
Bi"7FF(z8.地下水ground water G?LPj*=$?存在于地壳岩石裂缝或土壤空隙中的水。
DnA}!s9.苦咸水(碱性水)brackish water，alkaline water c9\jELO碱度大于硬度的水，并含大量中性盐，pH值大于7。
OO@ (lt10.淡水fresh water 6(4FC?Y7含盐量小于500mg/L的水。
11.冷却水cooling water dzMlfJp用以降低被冷却对象温度的水。
EnXNTat})12.废水wastewater bX%9'O[-居民活动过程中排出的水及径流雨水的总称。
它包括生活污水、工业废水和初雨径流以及流入排水管渠的其它水。
T+7O+X#13.污水sewage,wastewater [(U:1&x &受一定污染的来自生活和生产的排出水。
/k3v\Jq{14.用水量water consumption eO#Kn'5用水对象实际使用的水量。
&U%AVD[15.供水量output _oK*1#Rm8向用水对象提供的水量。
Coz\fL16.污水量wastewater flow，sewage flow K[JbQ30排水对象排入污水系统的水量。
H1iewsfzH17.用水定额water consumption norm C&Rv$<qc对不同的用水对象，在一定时期内制订相对合理的单位用水量的数值。
!5lb+%7 18.排水定额wastewater flow norm LUSBRr8对不同的排水对象，在一定时期内制订相对合理的单位排水量的数值。
]E/^(T-O 19.水质water quality pRyePxCDj)在给水排水工程中，水的物理、化学、生物学等方面的性质。
6v(?Lr`D20.渠道channel,conduit 4e OS+&天然、人工开凿、整治或砌筑的输水通道。
21.干管main R^u 1(SF输送水的主要管道。
$W}YXLFj?22.泵站pumping house K"fr4xHq设置水泵机组、电气设备和管道、闸阀等的房屋。
p;nRxi7'23.泵站pumping station b { M'aV泵房及其配套设施的总称。
( AI gW24.给水处理water treatment 1s\对不符合用水对象水质要求的水，进行水质改善的过程。
|f+`FOliP25.污水处理sewage treatment,wastewatertreatment OV>JmYe1{/为使污水达到排入某一水体或再次使用的水质要求，对其进d U}kimz行净化的过程。
ja2BK\"1:26.废水处置wastewater disposal ^}Wk对废水的最终安排。
一般将废水排入地表水体、排放土地和再次使用等。
z$A15# 27.格栅bar screen z%lLbKSe一种栅条形的隔污设备，用以拦截水中较大尺寸的漂浮物或其他杂物。
T8t_+| 28.曝气aeration A6S|pO1)3水与气体接触，进行溶氧或散除水中溶解性气体和挥发性物质的过程。
qGkD] L 29.沉淀sedimentation x\K9|_!利用重力沉降作用去除水中杂物的过程。
lHI?GiB@30.澄清clarification +@mgb4_通过与高浓度沉渣层的接触而去除水中杂物的过程31.过滤filtration AYHefAF<w借助粒状材料或多孔介质截除水中杂物的过程。
hOM#j32.离子交换法ion exchange \F8 :6-采用离子交换剂去除水中某些盐类离子的过程。
2*pNIc33.消毒disinfection qk_YFR?R采用物理、化学或生物方法消灭病原体的过程。
/L; c -^34.氯化chlorination d 6=Z =4w在水中投氯或含氯氧化物以达到氧化和消毒等目的的过程。
Q60'5Wt35.余氯residual chlorine K-Fro~U水中投氯，经一定时间接触后，在水中余留的游离性氯和结合性氯的总和。
Nx 36.游离性余氯free residual chlorine "W@>lf?"水中以次氯酸和次氯酸盐形态存在的余氯。
{O5(O oDa37.结合性余氯combinative residual chlorine @2/ xu水中以二氯胺和一氯胺形态存在的余氯。
>slGicZ038.污泥sludge C7_nA:Rc在水处理过程中产生的，以及排水管渠中沉积的固体与水的混合物或胶体物。
39.污泥处理sludge treatment *ulkqpO对污泥进行浓缩、调治、脱水、稳定、干化或焚烧的加工过程。
JqP~2,T 40.污泥处置sludge disposal ^$~&e :{对污泥的最终安排。
一般将污泥作农肥、制作建筑材料、填埋和投弃等。
41.水头损失head loss Ae^ Idz水流通过管渠设备和构筑物等所引起的能量消耗。
] udH`{]42.贮水池storage reservoir, storage tank /YD2F为一定目的而设置的蓄水构筑物。
-(l/.yE{X43.过河管river crossing vl:V?- sY穿越江河的管道。
管道过河可架空跨越，也可倒虹穿越河底。
A)641"[44.倒虹管inverted siphon :qrCqFl管道遇到河道、铁路等障碍物，不能按原有高程埋设，而从障碍物下面绕过时采用的一种倒虹形管段。
\@F!h8e445.稳定stabilization Ztj~Q9mu•(1)在水处理系统中，指将可降解有机物(溶解或悬浮的)氧化为无机物或不易降解的物质的生物或化学过程。
.;jp 2^•(2)在冷却水系统中，指水中碳酸钙和二氧化碳的浓度达到平衡状态，既不由于碳酸钙沉淀而产生结垢，也不由于其溶解而产生腐蚀的过程。
GCv*a[8?n46.异重流density current kC=h[<'两种或两种以上不同密度的流体层发生的相对运动。
1.直流水系统once through system |!\5nix3A>水经一次使用后即行排放或处理后排放的给水系统。
bYB:Fe=22.复用水系统water reuse system &N\4/'wV水经重复利用后再行排放或处理后排放的给水系统。
{aVL3QU3.循环水系统recirculation system 2kV{|`1水经使用后不予排放而循环利用或处理后循环利用的给水系统。
cH{[\F"Eb4.生活用水domestic water 6Cz%i 6)人类日常生活所需用的水。
'?j,oRz^T5.生产用水process water E !}~j生产过程所需用的水。
Mr u6.消防用水fire demand ~N=$%C扑灭火灾所需用的水。
XWNDpL`j57.浇洒道路用水street flushing demand,roadwatering fqQ(EVpQ对城镇道路进行保养、清洗、降温和消尘等所需用的水。
CHo(:A.U>8.绿化用水green belt sprinkling, greenplot sprinkling mb_~ "} A对市政绿地等所需用的水。
cBz_L"5vr[9.未预见用水量unforeseen demand 'awZ-$#给水系统设计中，对难于预测的各项因素而准备的水量。
R7 j'XU10.自用水量water consumption in water-works oNK-^N?-T水厂内部生产工艺过程和为其它用途所需用的水量。
11.管网漏失水量leakage q;0QI{:5v水在输配过程中漏失的水量。
01;12.平均日供水量average daily output !1<?ddH6一年的总供水量除以全年供水天数所得的数值。
13.最高日供水量maximum daily output &Y一年中最大一日的供水量。
|wYOO(!14.日变化系数daily variation coefficient r s?"pGz;最高日供水量与平均日供水量的比值。
? pkg1F715.时变化系数hourly variation coefficient 6;8Jy最高日最高时供水量与该日平均时供水量的比值。
j4hiMI;16.最小服务水头minimum service head AO "pm配水管网在用户接管点处应维持的最小水头。
管井deep well,drilled well -(Y(K!n1.井管从地面打到含水层，抽取地下水的井。
|9X$@R2.管井滤水管deep well screen A_mVe\(*M设置在管井动水位以下，用以从含水层中集水的有缝隙或孔隙的管段。
WTO\#ha 3.管井沉淀管grit compartment +oT/ v3,位于管井最下部，用以容纳进入井内的沙粒和从水中析出的scsN2#D7U/沉淀物的管段。
gq^j-!Q)Q<4.大口井dug well，open well >4.K>U?0FC5.井群battery of wells #9a\Ab数个井组成的群体。
@Weim7r6.渗渠infiltration gallery _=wu>h&7壁上开孔，以集取浅层地下水的水平管渠。