罗斯《公司理财》第9版笔记和课后习题(含考研真题)详解-第8篇理财专题【圣才出品】

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罗斯《公司理财》第9版笔记和课后习题(含考研真题)详解[视频详解](风险、资本成本和资本预算)【圣才

罗斯《公司理财》第9版笔记和课后习题（含考研真题）详解[视频详解]第13章风险、资本成本和资本预算[视频讲解]13.1复习笔记运用净现值法，按无风险利率对现金流量折现，可以准确评价无风险现金流量。

然而，现实中的绝大多数未来现金流是有风险的，这就要求有一种能对有风险现金流进行折现的方法。

确定风险项目净现值所用的折现率可根据资本资产定价模型CAPM（或套利模型APT）来计算。

如果某无负债企业要评价一个有风险项目，可以运用证券市场线SML来确定项目所要求的收益率r s，r s也称为权益资本成本。

当企业既有债务融资又有权益融资时，所用的折现率应是项目的综合资本成本，即债务资本成本和权益资本成本的加权平均。

联系企业的风险贴现率与资本市场要求的收益率的原理在于如下一个简单资本预算原则：企业多余的现金，可以立即派发股利，投资者收到股利自己进行投资，也可以用于投资项目产生未来的现金流发放股利。

从股东利益出发，股东会在自己投资和企业投资中选择期望收益率较高的一个。

只有当项目的期望收益率大于风险水平相当的金融资产的期望收益率时，项目才可行。

因此项目的折现率应该等于同样风险水平的金融资产的期望收益率。

这也说明了资本市场价格信号作用。

1．权益资本成本从企业的角度来看，权益资本成本就是其期望收益率，若用CAPM模型，股票的期望收益率为：其中，R F是无风险利率，是市场组合的期望收益率与无风险利率之差，也称为期望超额市场收益率或市场风险溢价。

要估计企业权益资本成本，需要知道以下三个变量：①无风险利率；②市场风险溢价；③公司的贝塔系数。

根据权益资本成本计算企业项目的贴现率需要有两个重要假设：①新项目的贝塔风险与企业风险相同；②企业无债务融资。

2．贝塔的估计估算公司贝塔值的基本方法是利用T个观测值按照如下公式估计：估算贝塔值可能存在以下问题：①贝塔可能随时间的推移而发生变化；②样本容量可能太小；③贝塔受财务杠杆和经营风险变化的影响。

罗斯《公司理财》第9版笔记和课后习题(含考研真题)详解[视频详解](折现现金流量估价)【圣才出品】

罗斯《公司理财》第9版笔记和课后习题（含考研真题）详解[视频详解]第4章折现现金流量估价[视频讲解]4.1复习笔记当前的1美元与未来的1美元的价值是不同的，因为当前1美元用于投资，在未来可以得到更多，而且未来的1美元具有不确定性。

这种区别正是“货币的时间价值”。

货币的时间价值概念是金融投资和融资的基石之一，资本预算、项目决策、融资管理和兼并等领域均有涉及。

因此有必要理解和掌握相关的现值、终值、年金和永续年金的概念和计算公式。

1．现值与净现值现值是未来资金在当前的价值，是把未来的现金流按照一定的贴现率贴现到当前的价值。

以单期为例，一期后的现金流的现值：其中，C1是一期后的现金流，r是适当贴现率。

在多期的情况下，求解PV的公式可写为：其中，C T是在T期的现金流，r是适当贴现率。

净现值的计算公式为：NPV=-成本+PV。

也就是说，净现值NPV是这项投资未来现金流的现值减去成本的现值所得的结果。

一种定量的财务决策方法是净现值分析法。

产生N期现金流的投资项目的净现值为：NPV=其中，-C0是初始现金流，由于它代表了一笔投资，即现金流出，因而是负值。

2．终值一笔投资在多期以后终值的一般计算公式可以写为：FV=C0×（1+r）T其中，C0是期初投资的金额，r是利息率，T是资金投资持续的期数。

一项投资每年按复利计息m次的年末终值为：其中：C0是投资者的初始投资；r是名义年利率。

当m趋近于无限大时，则是连续复利计息，这时T年后的终值可以表示为：C0×e rT。

连续复利在高级金融中有广泛的应用。

3．名义利率和实际利率名义年利率是不考虑年内复利计息的，不同的银行或金融机构有不同的称谓，比较通用的是年百分比利率（APR）；实际利率（EAR）是指在年内考虑复利计息的，然后折算成一年的利率。

名义利率和实际利率之间的差别在于名义利率只有给出计息间隔期下才有意义。

4．年金年金是指一系列稳定有规律的，持续一段固定时期的现金收付活动，即在一定期间内，每隔相同时期（一年、半年或一季等）收入或支出相等金额的款项。

罗斯《公司理财》(第9版)课后习题(第1~3章)【圣才出品】

罗斯《公司理财》（第9版）课后习题第1章公司理财导论一、概念题1．资本预算（capital budgeting）答：资本预算是指综合反映投资资金来源与运用的预算，是为了获得未来产生现金流量的长期资产而现在投资支出的预算。

资本预算决策也称为长期投资决策，它是公司创造价值的主要方法。

资本预算决策一般指固定资产投资决策，耗资大，周期长，长期影响公司的产销能力和财务状况，决策正确与否影响公司的生存与发展。

完整的资本预算过程包括：寻找增长机会，制定长期投资战略，预测投资项目的现金流，分析评估投资项目，控制投资项目的执行情况。

资本预算可通过不同的资本预算方法来解决，如回收期法、净现值法和内部收益率法等。

2．货币市场（money markets）答：货币市场指期限不超过一年的资金借贷和短期有价证券交易的金融市场，亦称“短期金融市场”或“短期资金市场”，包括同业拆借市场、银行短期存贷市场、票据市场、短期证券市场、大额可转让存单市场、回购协议市场等。

其参加者为各种政府机构、各种银行和非银行金融机构及公司等。

货币市场具有四个基本特征：①融资期限短，一般在一年以内，最短的只有半天，主要用于满足短期资金周转的需要；②流动性强，金融工具可以在市场上随时兑现，交易对象主要是期限短、流动性强、风险小的信用工具，如票据、存单等，这些工具变现能力强，近似于货币，可称为“准货币”，故称货币市场；③安全性高，由于货币市场上的交易大多采用即期交易，即成交后马上结清，通常不存在因成交与结算日之间时间相对过长而引起价格巨大波动的现象，对投资者来说，收益具有较大保障；④政策性明显，货币市场由货币当局直接参加，是中央银行同商业银行及其他金融机构的资金连接的主渠道，是国家利用货币政策工具调节全国金融活动的杠杆支点。

货币市场的交易主体是短期资金的供需者。

需求者是为了获得现实的支付手段，调节资金的流动性并保持必要的支付能力，供应者提供的资金也大多是短期临时闲置性的资金。

罗斯公司理财第九版第八章课后答案对应版（英汉）金融专硕复习

罗斯公司理财第九版第八章课后答案对应版（英汉）金融专硕复习第八章：利率和债券估值1. a. P = $1,000/(1 + .05/2)⌒20 = $610.27b. P = $1,000/(1 + .10/2)⌒20 = $376.89c. P = $1,000/(1 + .15/2)⌒20 = $235.412.a. P = $35({1 – [1/(1 + .035)]⌒50 } / .035) + $1,000[1 / (1 + .035)⌒50]= $1,000.00When the YTM and the coupon rate are equal, the bond will sell at par.b. P = $35({1 –[1/(1 + .045)]⌒50 } / .045) + $1,000[1 / (1 + .045)⌒50]= $802.38When the YTM is greater than the coupon rate, the bond will sell at a discount.c. P = $35({1 –[1/(1 + .025)]⌒50 } / .025) + $1,000[1 / (1 + .025)⌒50]= $1,283.62When the YTM is less than the coupon rate, the bond will sell at a premium.3. P = $1,050 = $39(PVIFAR%,20) + $1,000(PVIFR%,20) R = 3.547%YTM = 2 *3.547% = 7.09%4. P = $1,175 = C(PVIFA3.8%,27) + $1,000(PVIF3.8%,27) C = $48.48年收益：2 × $48.48 = $96.96则票面利率：Coupon rate = $96.96 / $1,000 = .09696 or 9.70%5. P = €84({1 –[1/(1 + .076)]⌒15 } / .076) + €1,000[1 / (1 + .076)⌒15] = €1,070.186. P = ￥87,000 = ￥5,400(PVIFAR%,21) + ￥100,000(PVIFR%,21) R = 6.56%7. 近似利率为：R = r + h= .05 –.039 =.011 or 1.10%根据公式(1 + R) = (1 + r)(1 + h)→(1 + .05) = (1 + r)(1 + .039)实际利率= [(1 + .05) / (1 + .039)] – 1 = .0106 or 1.06%8. (1 + R) = (1 + r)(1 + h)→R = (1 + .025)(1 + .047) – 1 = .0732 or 7.32%9. (1 + R) = (1 + r)(1 + h)→h = [(1 + .17) / (1 + .11)] – 1 = .0541 or 5.41%10. (1 + R) = (1 + r)(1 + h)→r = [(1 + .141) / (1.068)] –1 = .0684 or 6.84%11. The coupon rate is 6.125%. The bid price is:买入价= 119:19 = 119 19/32 = 119.59375%? $1,000 = $1,195.9375The previous day‘s ask price is found by:pr evious day‘s ask price = Today‘s asked price – Change = 119 21/32 – (–17/32) = 120 6/32 前一天的卖出价= 120.1875% ? $1,000 = $1,201.87512.premium bond当前收益率= Annual coupon payment / Asked price = $75/$1,347.1875 = .0557 or 5.57% The YTM is located under the ―Asked yield‖column, so the YTM is 4.4817%.Bid-Ask spread = 134:23 – 134:22 = 1/3213.P = C(PVIFAR%,t) + $1,000(PVIFR%,t)票面利率为9%：P0 = $45(PVIFA3.5%,26) + $1,000(PVIF3.5%,26) = $1,168.90 P1 = $45(PVIFA3.5%,24) + $1,000(PVIF3.5%,24) = $1,160.58 P3 = $45(PVIFA3.5%,20) + $1,000(PVIF3.5%,20) = $1,142.12 P8 = $45(PVIFA3.5%,10) + $1,000(PVIF3.5%,10) = $1,083.17 P12 = $45(PVIFA3.5%,2) + $1,000(PVIF3.5%,2) = $1,019.00 P13 = $1,000票面利率为7%：P0 = $35(PVIFA4.5%,26) + $1,000(PVIF4.5%,26) = $848.53P1 = $35(PVIFA4.5%,24) + $1,000(PVIF4.5%,24) = $855.05P3 = $35(PVIFA4.5%,20) + $1,000(PVIF4.5%,20) = $869.92P8 = $35(PVIFA4.5%,10) + $1,000(PVIF4.5%,10) = $920.87P12 = $35(PVIFA4.5%,2) + $1,000(PVIF4.5%,2) = $981.27P13 = $1,00014.PLaurel = $40(PVIFA5%,4) + $1,000(PVIF5%,4) = $964.54PHardy = $40(PVIFA5%,30) + $1,000(PVIF5%,30) = $846.28Percentage change in price = (New price -Original price) / Original price△PLaurel% = ($964.54 -1,000) / $1,000 = -0.0355 or -3.55%△PHardy% = ($846.28 -1,000) / $1,000 = -0.1537 or -15.37% If the YTM suddenly falls to 6 percentPLaurel = $40(PVIFA3%,4) + $1,000(PVIF3%,4) = $1,037.17PHardy = $40(PVIFA3%,30) + $1,000(PVIF3%,30) = $1,196.00 △PLaurel% = ($1,037.17 -1,000) / $1,000 = +0.0372 or 3.72% △PHardy% = ($1,196.002 -1,000) / $1,000 = +0.1960 or 19.60%15. Initially, at a YTM of 10 percent, the prices of the two bonds are:P Faulk = $30(PVIFA5%,16) + $1,000(PVIF5%,16) = $783.24P Gonas = $70(PVIFA5%,16) + $1,000(PVIF5%,16) = $1,216.76If the YTM rises from 10 percent to 12 percent:P Faulk = $30(PVIFA6%,16) + $1,000(PVIF6%,16) = $696.82P Gonas = $70(PVIFA6%,16) + $1,000(PVIF6%,16) = $1,101.06Percentage change in price = (New price – Original price) / Original price△PFaulk% = ($696.82 -783.24) / $783.24 = -0.1103 or -11.03% △PGonas% = ($1,101.06 -1,216.76) / $1,216.76 = -0.0951 or -9.51%If the YTM declines from 10 percent to 8 percent:PFaulk = $30(PVIFA4%,16) + $1,000(PVIF4%,16) = $883.48 PGonas = $70(PVIFA4%,16) + $1,000(PVIF4%,16) = $1,349.57 △PFaulk% = ($883.48 -783.24) / $783.24 = +0.1280 or 12.80% △PGonas% = ($1,349.57 -1,216.76) / $1,216.76 = +0.1092 or 10.92%16.P0 = $960 = $37(PVIFAR%,18) + $1,000(PVIFR%,18) R = 4.016% YTM = 2 *4.016% = 8.03%Current yield = Annual coupon payment / Price = $74 / $960 = .0771 or 7.71% Effective annual yield = (1 + 0.04016)⌒2 – 1 = .0819 or 8.19%17.P = $1,063 = $50(PVIFA R%,40) + $1,000(PVIF R%,40) R = 4.650% YTM = 2 *4.650% = 9.30%18.Accrued interest = $84/2 × 4/6 = $28Clean price = Dirty price – Accrued interest = $1,090 – 28 = $1,06219.Accrued interest = $72/2 × 2/6 = $12.00Dirty price = Clean price + Accrued interest = $904 + 12 = $916.0020.Current yield = .0842 = $90/P0→P0 = $90/.0842 = $1,068.88P = $1,068.88 = $90{[(1 –(1/1.0781)⌒t ] / .0781} + $1,000/1.0781⌒t $1,068.88 (1.0781)⌒t = $1,152.37 (1.0781)⌒t –1,152.37 + 1,000t = log 1.8251 / log 1.0781 = 8.0004 ≈8 years21.P = $871.55 = $41.25(PVIFA R%,20) + $1,000(PVIF R%,20) R = 5.171% YTM = 2 *5.171% = 10.34%Current yield = $82.50 / $871.55 = .0947 or 9.47%22.略23.P: P0 = $90(PVIFA7%,5) + $1,000(PVIF7%,5) = $1,082.00P1 = $90(PVIFA7%,4) + $1,000(PVIF7%,4) = $1,067.74Current yield = $90 / $1,082.00 = .0832 or 8.32%Capital gains yield = (New price – Original price) / Original priceCapital gains yield = ($1,067.74 – 1,082.00) / $1,082.00 = –0.0132 or –1.32%D: P0 = $50(PVIFA7%,5) + $1,000(PVIF7%,5) = $918.00P1 = $50(PVIFA7%,4) + $1,000(PVIF7%,4) = $932.26Current yield = $50 / $918.00 = 0.0545 or 5.45%Capital gains yield = ($932.26 – 918.00) / $918.00 = 0.0155 or 1.55%24. a.P0 = $1,140 = $90(PVIFA R%,10) + $1,000(PVIF R%,10) R = YTM = 7.01%b.P2 = $90(PVIFA6.01%,8) + $1,000(PVIF6.01%,8) = $1,185.87P0 = $1,140 = $90(PVIFA R%,2) + $1,185.87(PVIF R%,2)R = HPY = 9.81%The realized HPY is greater than the expected YTM when the bond was bought because interest rates dropped by 1 percent; bond prices rise when yields fall.25.PM = $800(PVIF A4%,16)(PVIF4%,12)+$1,000(PVIFA4%,12)(PVIF4%,28)+$20,000(PVIF4%,40) PM = $13,117.88Notice that for the coupon payments of $800, we found the PV A for the coupon payments, and then discounted the lump sum back to todayBond N is a zero coupon bond with a $20,000 par value; therefore, the price of the bond is the PV of the par, or: PN = $20,000(PVIF4%,40) = $4,165.7826.(1 + R) = (1 + r)(1 + h)1 + .107 = (1 + r)(1 + .035)→r = .0696 or 6.96%EAR = {[1 + (APR / m)]⌒m }– 1APR = m[(1 + EAR)⌒1/m –1] = 52[(1 + .0696)⌒1/52 – 1] = .0673 or 6.73%Weekly rate = APR / 52= .0673 / 52= .0013 or 0.13%PVA = C({1 –[1/(1 + r)]⌒t } / r)= $8({1 – [1/(1 + .0013)]30(52)} / .0013)= $5,359.6427.Stock account:(1 + R) = (1 + r)(1 + h) →1 + .12 = (1 + r)(1 + .04) →r = .0769 or 7.69%APR = m[(1 + EAR)1/⌒1/m–1]= 12[(1 + .0769)⌒1/12–1]= .0743 or 7.43%Monthly rate = APR / 12= .0743 / 12= .0062 or 0.62%Bond account:(1 + R) = (1 + r)(1 + h)→1 + .07 = (1 + r)(1 + .04)→r = .0288 or 2.88%APR = m[(1 + EAR)⌒1/m–1]= 12[(1 + .0288)⌒1/12–1]= .0285 or 2.85%Monthly rate = APR / 12= .0285 / 12= .0024 or 0.24%Stock account:FVA = C {(1 + r )⌒t–1] / r}= $800{[(1 + .0062)360 –1] / .0062]}= $1,063,761.75Bond account:FVA = C {(1 + r )⌒t–1] / r}= $400{[(1 + .0024)360 –1] / .0024]}= $227,089.04Account value = $1,063,761.75 + 227,089.04= $1,290,850.79(1 + R) = (1 + r)(1 + h)→1 + .08 = (1 + r)(1 + .04) →r = .0385 or 3.85%APR = m[(1 + EAR)1/m– 1]= 12[(1 + .0385)1/12– 1]= .0378or 3.78%Monthly rate = APR / 12= .0378 / 12= .0031 or 0.31%PVA = C({1 – [1/(1 + r)]t } / r )$1,290,850.79 = C({1 – [1/(1 + .0031)]⌒300 } / .0031)C = $6,657.74FV = PV(1 + r)⌒t= $6,657.74(1 + .04)(30 + 25)= $57,565.30。

Cha07 罗斯公司理财第九版原版书课后习题

to abandon, and timing options.4. Decision trees represent an approach for valuing projects with these hidden, or real, options.Concept Questions1. Forecasting Risk What is forecasting risk? In general, would the degree of forecasting risk begreater for a new product or a cost-cutting proposal? Why?2. Sensitivity Analysis and Scenario Analysis What is the essential difference betweensensitivity analysis and scenario analysis?3. Marginal Cash Flows A coworker claims that looking at all this marginal this and incrementalthat is just a bunch of nonsense, and states, “Listen, if our average revenue doesn’t exceed our average cost, then we will have a negative cash flow, and we will go broke!” How do you respond?4. Break-Even Point As a shareholder of a firm that is contemplating a new project, would yoube more concerned with the accounting break-even point, the cash break-even point (the point at which operating cash flow is zero), or the financial break-even point? Why?5. Break-Even Point Assume a firm is considering a new project that requires an initialinvestment and has equal sales and costs over its life. Will the project reach the accounting, cash, or financial break-even point first? Which will it reach next? Last? Will this order always apply?6. Real Options Why does traditional NPV analysis tend to underestimate the true value of acapital budgeting project?7. Real Options The Mango Republic has just liberalized its markets and is now permittingforeign investors. Tesla Manufacturing has analyzed starting a project in the country and has determined that the project has a negative NPV. Why might the company go ahead with the project? What type of option is most likely to add value to this project?8. Sensitivity Analysis and Breakeven How does sensitivity analysis interact with break-evenanalysis?9. Option to Wait An option can often have more than one source of value. Consider a loggingcompany. The company can log the timber today or wait another year (or more) to log the timber.What advantages would waiting one year potentially have?10. Project Analysis You are discussing a project analysis with a coworker. The project involvesreal options, such as expanding the project if successful, or abandoning the project if it fails. Your coworker makes the following statement: “This analysis is ridiculous. We looked at expanding or abandoning the project in two years, but there are many other options we should consider. For example, we could expand in one year, and expand further in two years. Or we could expand in one year, and abandon the project in two years. There are too many options for us to examine.Because of this, anything this analysis would give us is worthless.” How would you evaluate this statement? Considering that with any capital budgeting project there are an infinite number of real options, when do you stop the option analysis on an individual project?Questions and Problems: connect™BASIC (Questions 1–10)1. Sensitivity Analysis and Break-Even Point We are evaluating a project that costs$724,000, has an eight-year life, and has no salvage value. Assume that depreciation is straight-line to zero over the life of the project. Sales are projected at 75,000 units per year. Price per unit is $39, variable cost per unit is $23, and fixed costs are $850,000 per year. The tax rate is 35 percent, and we require a 15 percent return on this project.1. Calculate the accounting break-even point.2. Calculate the base-case cash flow and NPV. What is the sensitivity of NPV to changes inthe sales figure? Explain what your answer tells you about a 500-unit decrease in projected sales.3. What is the sensitivity of OCF to changes in the variable cost figure? Explain what youranswer tells you about a $1 decrease in estimated variable costs.2. Scenario Analysis In the previous problem, suppose the projections given for price, quantity,variable costs, and fixed costs are all accurate to within ±10 percent. Calculate the best-case and worst-case NPV figures.3. Calculating Breakeven In each of the following cases, find the unknown variable. Ignoretaxes.4. Financial Breakeven L.J.’s Toys Inc. just purchased a $250,000 machine to produce toy cars.The machine will be fully depreciated by the straight-line method over its five-year economic life.Each toy sells for $25. The variable cost per toy is $6, and the firm incurs fixed costs of $360,000 each year. The corporate tax rate for the company is 34 percent. The appropriate discount rate is12 percent. What is the financial break-even point for the project?5. Option to Wait Your company is deciding whether to invest in a new machine. The newmachine will increase cash flow by $340,000 per year. You believe the technology used in the machine has a 10-year life; in other words, no matter when you purchase the machine, it will be obsolete 10 years from today. The machine is currently priced at $1,800,000. The cost of the machine will decline by $130,000 per year until it reaches $1,150,000, where it will remain. If your required return is 12 percent, should you purchase the machine? If so, when should you purchase it?6. Decision Trees Ang Electronics, Inc., has developed a new DVDR. If the DVDR is successful,the present value of the payoff (when the product is brought to market) is $22 million. If the DVDR fails, the present value of the payoff is $9 million. If the product goes directly to market, there is a50 percent chance of success. Alternatively, Ang can delay the launch by one year and spend $1.5million to test market the DVDR. Test marketing would allow the firm to improve the product and increase the probability of success to 80 percent. The appropriate discount rate is 11 percent.Should the firm conduct test marketing?7. Decision Trees The manager for a growing firm is considering the launch of a new product. Ifthe product goes directly to market, there is a 50 percent chance of success. For $135,000 the manager can conduct a focus group that will increase the product’s chance of success to 65 percent. Alternatively, the manager has the option to pay a consulting firm $400,000 to research the market and refine the product. The consulting firm successfully launches new products 85 percent of the time. If the firm successfully launches the product, the payoff will be $1.5 million. If the product is a failure, the NPV is zero. Which action will result in the highest expected payoff to the firm?8. Decision Trees B&B has a new baby powder ready to market. If the firm goes directly to themarket with the product, there is only a 55 percent chance of success. However, the firm can conduct customer segment research, which will take a year and cost $1.8 million. By going through research, B&B will be able to better target potential customers and will increase the probability of success to 70 percent. If successful, the baby powder will bring a present value profit (at time of initial selling) of $28 million. If unsuccessful, the present value payoff is only $4 million. Should the firm conduct customer segment research or go directly to market? The appropriate discount rate is15 percent.9. Financial Break-Even Analysis You are considering investing in a company that cultivatesabalone for sale to local restaurants. Use the following information:The discount rate for the company is 15 percent, the initial investment in equipment is $360,000, and the project’s economic life is seven years. Assume the equipment is depreciated on a straight-line basis over the project’s life.1. What is the accounting break-even level for the project?2. What is the financial break-even level for the project?10. Financial Breakeven Niko has purchased a brand new machine to produce its High Flight lineof shoes. The machine has an economic life of five years. The depreciation schedule for the machine is straight-line with no salvage value. The machine costs $390,000. The sales price per pair of shoes is $60, while the variable cost is $14. $185,000 of fixed costs per year are attributed to the machine. Assume that the corporate tax rate is 34 percent and the appropriate discount rate is 8 percent. What is the financial break-even point?INTERMEDIATE (Questions 11–25)11. Break-Even Intuition Consider a project with a required return of R percent that costs $I andwill last for N years. The project uses straight-line depreciation to zero over the N-year life; there are neither salvage value nor net working capital requirements.1. At the accounting break-even level of output, what is the IRR of this project? The paybackperiod? The NPV?2. At the cash break-even level of output, what is the IRR of this project? The paybackperiod? The NPV?3. At the financial break-even level of output, what is the IRR of this project? The paybackperiod? The NPV?12. Sensitivity Analysis Consider a four-year project with the following information: Initial fixedasset investment = $380,000; straight-line depreciation to zero over the four-year life; zero salvage value; price = $54; variable costs = $42; fixed costs = $185,000; quantity sold = 90,000 units; tax rate = 34 percent. How sensitive is OCF to changes in quantity sold?13. Project Analysis You are considering a new product launch. The project will cost $960,000,have a four-year life, and have no salvage value; depreciation is straight-line to zero. Sales are projected at 240 units per year; price per unit will be $25,000; variable cost per unit will be $19,500; and fixed costs will be $830,000 per year. The required return on the project is 15 percent, and the relevant tax rate is 35 percent.1. Based on your experience, you think the unit sales, variable cost, and fixed costprojections given here are probably accurate to within ±10 percent. What are the upper and lower bounds for these projections? What is the base-case NPV? What are the best-case and worst-case scenarios?2. Evaluate the sensitivity of your base-case NPV to changes in fixed costs.3. What is the accounting break-even level of output for this project?14. Project Analysis McGilla Golf has decided to sell a new line of golf clubs. The clubs will sell for$750 per set and have a variable cost of $390 per set. The company has spent $150,000 for a marketing study that determined the company will sell 55,000 sets per year for seven years. The marketing study also determined that the company will lose sales of 12,000 sets of its high-priced clubs. The high-priced clubs sell at $1,100 and have variable costs of $620. The company will also increase sales of its cheap clubs by 15,000 sets. The cheap clubs sell for $400 and have variable costs of $210 per set. The fixed costs each year will be $8,100,000. The company has also spent $1,000,000 on research and development for the new clubs. The plant and equipment required will cost $18,900,000 and will be depreciated on a straight-line basis. The new clubs will also require an increase in net working capital of $1,400,000 that will be returned at the end of the project. The tax rate is 40 percent, and the cost of capital is 14 percent. Calculate the payback period, the NPV, and the IRR.15. Scenario Analysis In the previous problem, you feel that the values are accurate to withinonly ±10 percent. What are the best-case and worst-case NPVs? (Hint: The price and variable costs for the two existing sets of clubs are known with certainty; only the sales gained or lost are uncertain.)16. Sensitivity Analysis McGilla Golf would like to know the sensitivity of NPV to changes in theprice of the new clubs and the quantity of new clubs sold. What is the sensitivity of the NPV to each of these variables?17. Abandonment Value We are examining a new project. We expect to sell 9,000 units per yearat $50 net cash flow apiece for the next 10 years. In other words, the annual operating cash flow is projected to be $50 × 9,000 = $450,000. The relevant discount rate is 16 percent, and the initial investment required is $1,900,000.1. What is the base-case NPV?2. After the first year, the project can be dismantled and sold for $1,300,000. If expectedsales are revised based on the first year’s performance, when would it make sense to abandon the investment? In other words, at what level of expected sales would it make sense to abandon the project?3. Explain how the $1,300,000 abandonment value can be viewed as the opportunity cost ofkeeping the project in one year.18. Abandonment In the previous problem, suppose you think it is likely that expected sales willbe revised upward to 11,000 units if the first year is a success and revised downward to 4,000 units if the first year is not a success.1. If success and failure are equally likely, what is the NPV of the project? Consider thepossibility of abandonment in answering.2. What is the value of the option to abandon?19. Abandonment and Expansion In the previous problem, suppose the scale of the project canbe doubled in one year in the sense that twice as many units can be produced and sold. Naturally, expansion would be desirable only if the project were a success. This implies that if the project is a success, projected sales after expansion will be 22,000. Again assuming that success and failure are equally likely, what is the NPV of the project? Note that abandonment is still an option if the project is a failure. What is the value of the option to expand?20. Break-Even Analysis Your buddy comes to you with a sure-fire way to make some quickmoney and help pay off your student loans. His idea is to sell T-shirts with the words “I get” on them. “You get it?” He says, “You see all those bumper stickers and T-shirts that say ‘got milk’ or ‘got surf.’ So this says, ‘I get.’ It’s funny! All we have to do is buy a used silk screen press for $3,200 and we are in business!” Assume there are no fixed costs, and you depreciate the $3,200 in the first period. Taxes are 30 percent.1. What is the accounting break-even point if each shirt costs $7 to make and you can sellthem for $10 apiece?Now assume one year has passed and you have sold 5,000 shirts! You find out that the Dairy Farmers of America have copyrighted the “got milk” slogan and are requiring you to pay $12,000 to continue operations. You expect this craze will last for another three years and that your discount rate is 12 percent.2. What is the financial break-even point for your enterprise now?21. Decision Trees Young screenwriter Carl Draper has just finished his first script. It has action,drama, and humor, and he thinks it will be a blockbuster. He takes the script to every motion picture studio in town and tries to sell it but to no avail. Finally, ACME studios offers to buy the script for either (a) $12,000 or (b) 1 percent of the movie’s profits. There are two decisions the studio will have to make. First is to decide if the script is good or bad, and second if the movie is good or bad. First, there is a 90 percent chance that the script is bad. If it is bad, the studio does nothing more and throws the script out. If the script is good, they will shoot the movie. After the movie is shot, the studio will review it, and there is a 70 percent chance that the movie is bad. If the movie is bad, the movie will not be promoted and will not turn a profit. If the movie is good, the studio will promote heavily; the average profit for this type of movie is $20 million. Carl rejects the $12,000 and says he wants the 1 percent of profits. Was this a good decision by Carl?22. Option to Wait Hickock Mining is evaluating when to open a gold mine. The mine has 60,000ounces of gold left that can be mined, and mining operations will produce 7,500 ounces per year.The required return on the gold mine is 12 percent, and it will cost $14 million to open the mine.When the mine is opened, the company will sign a contract that will guarantee the price of gold for the remaining life of the mine. If the mine is opened today, each ounce of gold will generate an aftertax cash flow of $450 per ounce. If the company waits one year, there is a 60 percent probability that the contract price will generate an aftertax cash flow of $500 per ounce and a 40 percent probability that the aftertax cash flow will be $410 per ounce. What is the value of the option to wait?23. Abandonment Decisions Allied Products, Inc., is considering a new product launch. The firmexpects to have an annual operating cash flow of $22 million for the next 10 years. Allied Products uses a discount rate of 19 percent for new product launches. The initial investment is $84 million.Assume that the project has no salvage value at the end of its economic life.1. What is the NPV of the new product?2. After the first year, the project can be dismantled and sold for $30 million. If theestimates of remaining cash flows are revised based on the first year’s experience, at what level of expected cash flows does it make sense to abandon the project?24. Expansion Decisions Applied Nanotech is thinking about introducing a new surface cleaningmachine. The marketing department has come up with the estimate that Applied Nanotech can sell15 units per year at $410,000 net cash flow per unit for the next five years. The engineeringdepartment has come up with the estimate that developing the machine will take a $17 million initial investment. The finance department has estimated that a 25 percent discount rate should beused.1. What is the base-case NPV?2. If unsuccessful, after the first year the project can be dismantled and will have an aftertaxsalvage value of $11 million. Also, after the first year, expected cash flows will be revised up to 20 units per year or to 0 units, with equal probability. What is the revised NPV?25. Scenario Analysis You are the financial analyst for a tennis racket manufacturer. Thecompany is considering using a graphitelike material in its tennis rackets. The company has estimated the information in the following table about the market for a racket with the new material. The company expects to sell the racket for six years. The equipment required for the project has no salvage value. The required return for projects of this type is 13 percent, and the company has a 40 percent tax rate. Should you recommend the project?CHALLENGE (Questions 26–30)26. Scenario Analysis Consider a project to supply Detroit with 55,000 tons of machine screwsannually for automobile production. You will need an initial $1,700,000 investment in threading equipment to get the project started; the project will last for five years. The accounting department estimates that annual fixed costs will be $520,000 and that variable costs should be $220 per ton;accounting will depreciate the initial fixed asset investment straight-line to zero over the five-year project life. It also estimates a salvage value of $300,000 after dismantling costs. The marketing department estimates that the automakers will let the contract at a selling price of $245 per ton.The engineering department estimates you will need an initial net working capital investment of $600,000. You require a 13 percent return and face a marginal tax rate of 38 percent on this project.1. What is the estimated OCF for this project? The NPV? Should you pursue this project?2. Suppose you believe that the accounting department’s initial cost and salvage valueprojections are accurate only to within ±15 percent; the marketing department’s price estimate is accurate only to within ±10 percent; and the engineering department’s net working capital estimate is accurate only to within ±5 percent. What is your worst-case scenario for this project? Your best-case scenario? Do you still want to pursue the project? 27. Sensitivity Analysis In Problem 26, suppose you’re confident about your own projections, butyou’re a little unsure about Detroit’s actual machine screw requirements. What is the sensitivity of the project OCF to changes in the quantity supplied? What about the sensitivity of NPV to changes in quantity supplied? Given the sensitivity number you calculated, is there some minimum level of output below which you wouldn’t want to operate? Why?28. Abandonment Decisions Consider the following project for Hand Clapper, Inc. The companyis considering a four-year project to manufacture clap-command garage door openers. This project requires an initial investment of $10 million that will be depreciated straight-line to zero over the project’s life. An initial investment in net working capital of $1.3 million is required to support spare parts inventory; this cost is fully recoverable whenever the project ends. The company believes it can generate $7.35 million in pretax revenues with $2.4 million in total pretax operating costs. The tax rate is 38 percent, and the discount rate is 16 percent. The market value of the equipment over the life of the project is as follows:Lumber is sold by the company for its “pond value.” Pond value is the amount a mill will pay for a log delivered to the mill location. The price paid for logs delivered to a mill is quoted in dollars per thousands of board feet (MBF), and the price depends on the grade of the logs. The forest Bunyan Lumber is evaluating was planted by the company 20 years ago and is made up entirely of Douglas fir trees. The table here shows the current price per MBF for the three grades of timber the company feels will come from the stand:Steve believes that the pond value of lumber will increase at the inflation rate. The company is planning to thin the forest today, and it expects to realize a positive cash flow of $1,000 per acre from thinning. The thinning is done to increase the growth rate of the remaining trees, and it is always done 20 years following a planting.The major decision the company faces is when to log the forest. When the company logs the forest, it will immediately replant saplings, which will allow for a future harvest. The longer the forest is allowed to grow, the larger the harvest becomes per acre. Additionally, an older forest has a higher grade of timber. Steve has compiled the following table with the expected harvest per acre in thousands of board feet, along with the breakdown of the timber grades:The company expects to lose 5 percent of the timber it cuts due to defects and breakage.The forest will be clear-cut when the company harvests the timber. This method of harvesting allows for faster growth of replanted trees. All of the harvesting, processing, replanting, and transportation are to be handled by subcontractors hired by Bunyan Lumber. The cost of the logging is expected to be $140 per MBF. A road system has to be constructed and is expected to cost $50 per MBF on average. Sales preparation and administrative costs, excluding office overhead costs, are expected to be $18 per MBF.As soon as the harvesting is complete, the company will reforest the land. Reforesting costs include the following:All costs are expected to increase at the inflation rate.Assume all cash flows occur at the year of harvest. For example, if the company begins harvesting the timber 20 years from today, the cash flow from the harvest will be received 20 years from today. When the company logs the land, it will immediately replant the land with new saplings. The harvest period chosen will be repeated for the foreseeable future. The company’s nominal required return is 10 percent, and the inflation rate is expected to be 3.7 percent per year. Bunyan Lumber has a 35 percent tax rate.Clear-cutting is a controversial method of forest management. To obtain the necessary permits, Bunyan Lumber has agreed to contribute to a conservation fund every time it harvests the lumber. If the company harvested the forest today, the required contribution would be $250,000. The company has agreed that the required contribution will grow by 3.2 percent per year. When should the company harvest the forest?。

Cha08 罗斯公司理财第九版原版书课后习题

Earlier in the chapter, we saw how bonds were rated based on their credit risk. What you will find if you start looking at bonds of different ratings is that lower-rated bonds have higher yields.We stated earlier in this chapter that a bond’s yield is calculated assuming that all the promised payments will be made. As a result, it is really a promised yield, and it may or may not be what you will earn. In particular, if the issuer defaults, your actual yield will be lower, probably much lower. This fact is particularly important when it comes to junk bonds. Thanks to a clever bit of marketing, such bonds are now commonly called high-yield bonds, which has a much nicer ring to it; but now you recognize that these are really high promised yield bonds.Next, recall that we discussed earlier how municipal bonds are free from most taxes and, as a result, have much lower yields than taxable bonds. Investors demand the extra yield on a taxable bond as compensation for the unfavorable tax treatment. This extra compensation is the taxability premium.Finally, bonds have varying degrees of liquidity. As we discussed earlier, there are an enormous number of bond issues, most of which do not trade on a regular basis. As a result, if you wanted to sell quickly, you would probably not get as good a price as you could otherwise. Investors prefer liquid assets to illiquid ones, so they demand a liquidity premium on top of all the other premiums we have discussed. As a result, all else being the same, less liquid bonds will have higher yields than more liquid bonds.ConclusionIf we combine everything we have discussed, we find that bond yields represent the combined effect of no fewer than six factors. The first is the real rate of interest. On top of the real rate are five premiums representing compensation for (1) expected future inflation, (2) interest rate risk, (3) default risk, (4) taxability, and (5) lack of liquidity. As a result, determining the appropriate yield on a bond requires careful analysis of each of these factors.Summary and ConclusionsThis chapter has explored bonds, bond yields, and interest rates. We saw that:1. Determining bond prices and yields is an application of basic discounted cash flow principles.2. Bond values move in the direction opposite that of interest rates, leading to potential gains orlosses for bond investors.3. Bonds are rated based on their default risk. Some bonds, such as Treasury bonds, have no riskof default, whereas so-called junk bonds have substantial default risk.4. Almost all bond trading is OTC, with little or no market transparency in many cases. As a result,bond price and volume information can be difficult to find for some types of bonds.5. Bond yields and interest rates reflect six different factors: the real interest rate and fivepremiums that investors demand as compensation for inflation, interest rate risk, default risk, taxability, and lack of liquidity.In closing, we note that bonds are a vital source of financing to governments and corporations of all types. Bond prices and yields are a rich subject, and our one chapter, necessarily, touches on only the most important concepts and ideas. There is a great deal more we could say, but, instead, we will move on to stocks in our next chapter.Concept Questions1. Treasury Bonds Is it true that a U.S. Treasury security is risk-free?2. Interest Rate Risk Which has greater interest rate risk, a 30-year Treasury bond or a 30-year21. Using Bond Quotes Suppose the following bond quote for IOU Corporation appears in thefinancial page of today’s newspaper. Assume the bond has a face value of $1,000 and the current date is April 15, 2010. What is the yield to maturity of the bond? What is the current yield?22. Finding the Maturity You’ve just found a 10 percent coupon bond on the market that sells forpar value. What is the maturity on this bond?CHALLENGE (Questions 23–30)23. Components of Bond Returns Bond P is a premium bond with a 9 percent coupon. Bond D isa 5 percent coupon bond currently selling at a discount. Both bonds make annual payments, havea YTM of 7 percent, and have five years to maturity. What is the current yield for Bond P? For BondD? If interest rates remain unchanged, what is the expected capital gains yield over the next year for Bond P? For Bond D? Explain your answers and the interrelationship among the various types of yields.24. Holding Period Yield The YTM on a bond is the interest rate you earn on your investment ifinterest rates don’t change. If you actually sell the bond before it matures, your realized return is known as the holding period yield (HPY).1. Suppose that today you buy a 9 percent annual coupon bond for $1,140. The bond has 10years to maturity. What rate of return do you expect to earn on your investment?2. Two years from now, the YTM on your bond has declined by 1 percent, and you decide tosell. What price will your bond sell for? What is the HPY on your investment? Compare this yield to the YTM when you first bought the bond. Why are they different?25. Valuing Bonds The Morgan Corporation has two different bonds currently outstanding. Bond Mhas a face value of $20,000 and matures in 20 years. The bond makes no payments for the first six years, then pays $800 every six months over the subsequent eight years, and finally pays $1,000 every six months over the last six years. Bond N also has a face value of $20,000 and a maturity of20 years; it makes no coupon payments over the life of the bond. If the required return on boththese bonds is 8 percent compounded semiannually, what is the current price of Bond M? Of Bond N?26. R eal Cash Flows When Marilyn Monroe died, ex-husband Joe DiMaggio vowed to place freshflowers on her grave every Sunday as long as he lived. The week after she died in 1962, a bunch of fresh flowers that the former baseball player thought appropriate for the star cost about $8.Based on actuarial tables, “Joltin’ Joe” could expect to live for 30 years after the actress died.Assume that the EAR is 10.7 percent. Also, assume that the price of the flowers will increase at 3.5 percent per year, when expressed as an EAR. Assuming that each year has exactly 52 weeks, what is the present value of this commitment? Joe began purchasing flowers the week after Marilyn died.27. Real Cash Flows You are planning to save for retirement over the next 30 years. To save forretirement, you will invest $800 a month in a stock account in real dollars and $400 a month in a bond account in real dollars. The effective annual return of the stock account is expected to be 12 percent, and the bond account will earn 7 percent. When you retire, you will combine your money into an account with an 8 percent effective return. The inflation rate over this period is expected to be 4 percent. How much can you withdraw each month from your account in real terms assuminga 25-year withdrawal period? What is the nominal dollar amount of your last withdrawal?28. Real Cash Flows Paul Adams owns a health club in downtown Los Angeles. He charges hiscustomers an annual fee of $500 and has an existing customer base of 500. Paul plans to raise the annual fee by 6 percent every year and expects the club membership to grow at a constant rate of3 percent for the next five years. The overall expenses of running the health club are $75,000 ayear and are expected to grow at the inflation rate of 2 percent annually. After five years, Paul2. How many of the coupon bonds must East Coast Yachts issue to raise the $40 million? Howmany of the zeroes must it issue?3. In 20 years, what will be the principal repayment due if East Coast Yachts issues the couponbonds? What if it issues the zeroes?4. What are the company’s considerations in issuing a coupon bond compared to a zero couponbond?5. Suppose East Coast Yachts issues the coupon bonds with a make-whole call provision. Themake-whole call rate is the Treasury rate plus .40 percent. If East Coast calls the bonds in 7 years when the Treasury rate is 5.6 percent, what is the call price of the bond? What if it is 9.1 percent?6. Are investors really made whole with a make-whole call provision?7. After considering all the relevant factors, would you recommend a zero coupon issue or aregular coupon issue? Why? Would you recommend an ordinary call feature or a make-whole call feature? Why?。

罗斯公司理财第九版课后习题答案中文版

罗斯公司理财第九版课后习题答案中文版(总95页)本页仅作为文档封面，使用时可以删除This document is for reference only-rar21year.March申明：转载自第一章1.在所有权形式的公司中,股东是公司的所有者。

股东选举公司的董事会,董事会任命该公司的管理层。

企业的所有权和控制权分离的组织形式是导致的代理关系存在的主要原因。

管理者可能追求自身或别人的利益最大化,而不是股东的利益最大化。

在这种环境下,他们可能因为目标不一致而存在代理问题。

2.非营利公司经常追求社会或政治任务等各种目标。

非营利公司财务管理的目标是获取并有效使用资金以最大限度地实现组织的社会使命。

3.这句话是不正确的。

管理者实施财务管理的目标就是最大化现有股票的每股价值，当前的股票价值反映了短期和长期的风险、时间以及未来现金流量。

4.有两种结论。

一种极端,在市场经济中所有的东西都被定价。

因此所有目标都有一个最优水平，包括避免不道德或非法的行为，股票价值最大化。

另一种极端,我们可以认为这是非经济现象,最好的处理方式是通过政治手段。

一个经典的思考问题给出了这种争论的答案:公司估计提高某种产品安全性的成本是30美元万。

然而,该公司认为提高产品的安全性只会节省20美元万。

请问公司应该怎么做呢”5.财务管理的目标都是相同的,但实现目标的最好方式可能是不同的,因为不同的国家有不同的社会、政治环境和经济制度。

6.管理层的目标是最大化股东现有股票的每股价值。

如果管理层认为能提高公司利润，使股价超过35美元,那么他们应该展开对恶意收购的斗争。

如果管理层认为该投标人或其它未知的投标人将支付超过每股35美元的价格收购公司,那么他们也应该展开斗争。

然而,如果管理层不能增加企业的价值,并且没有其他更高的投标价格,那么管理层不是在为股东的最大化权益行事。

现在的管理层经常在公司面临这些恶意收购的情况时迷失自己的方向。

7.其他国家的代理问题并不严重,主要取决于其他国家的私人投资者占比重较小。

公司理财第九版罗斯课后案例答案 Case Solutions Corporate Finance

公司理财第九版罗斯课后案例答案 Case Solutions CorporateFinance1. 案例一：公司资金需求分析问题：一家公司需要资金支持其新项目。

通过分析现金流量，推断该公司是否需要向外部借款或筹集其他资金。

解答：为了确定公司是否需要外部资金，我们需要分析公司的现金流量状况。

首先，我们需要计算公司的净现金流量（净收入加上非现金项目）。

然后，我们需要将净现金流量与项目的投资现金流量进行对比。

假设公司预计在项目开始时投资100万美元，并在项目运营期为5年。

预计该项目每年将产生50万美元的净现金流量。

现在，我们需要进行以下计算：净现金流量 = 年度现金流量 - 年度投资现金流量年度投资现金流量 = 100万美元年度现金流量 = 50万美元净现金流量 = 50万美元 - 100万美元 = -50万美元根据计算结果，公司的净现金流量为负数（即净现金流出），意味着公司每年都会亏损50万美元。

因此，公司需要从外部筹集资金以支持项目的运营。

2. 案例二：公司股权融资问题：一家公司正在考虑通过股权融资来筹集资金。

根据公司的财务数据和资本结构分析，我们需要确定公司最佳的股权融资方案。

解答：为了确定最佳的股权融资方案，我们需要参考公司的财务数据和资本结构分析。

首先，我们需要计算公司的资本结构比例，即股本占总资本的比例。

然后，我们将不同的股权融资方案与资本结构比例进行对比，选择最佳的方案。

假设公司当前的资本结构比例为60%的股本和40%的债务，在当前的资本结构下，公司的加权平均资本成本（WACC）为10%。

现在，我们需要进行以下计算：•方案一：以新股发行筹集1000万美元，并将其用于项目投资。

在这种方案下，公司的资本结构比例将发生变化。

假设公司的股本增加至80%，债务比例减少至20%。

根据资本结构比例的变化，WACC也将发生变化。

新的WACC可以通过以下公式计算得出：新的WACC = (股本比例 * 股本成本) + (债务比例 * 债务成本)假设公司的股本成本为12%，债务成本为8%：新的WACC = (0.8 * 12%) + (0.2 * 8%) = 9.6%•方案二：以新股发行筹集5000万美元，并将其用于项目投资。

罗斯《公司理财》笔记和课后习题详解(公司理财导论)【圣才出品】

第1章公司理财导论1.1 复习笔记公司的首要目标——股东财富最大化决定了公司理财的目标。

公司理财研究的是稀缺资金如何在企业和市场内进行有效配置，它是在股份有限公司已成为现代企业制度最主要组织形式的时代背景下，就公司经营过程中的资金运动进行预测、组织、协调、分析和控制的一种决策与管理活动。

从决策角度来讲，公司理财的决策内容包括投资决策、筹资决策、股利决策和净流动资金决策；从管理角度来讲，公司理财的管理职能主要是指对资金筹集和资金投放的管理。

公司理财的基本内容包括：投资决策（资本预算）、融资决策（资本结构）、短期财务管理（营运资本）。

1．资产负债表资产负债表是总括反映企业某一特定日期财务状况的会计报表，它是根据资产、负债和所有者权益之间的相互关系，按照一定的分类标准和一定的顺序，把企业一定日期的资产、负债和所有者权益各项目予以适当排列，并对日常工作中形成的大量数据进行高度浓缩整理后编制而成的。

资产负债表可以反映资本预算、资本支出、资本结构以及经营中的现金流量管理等方面的内容。

2．资本结构资本结构是指企业各种资本的构成及其比例关系，它有广义和狭义之分。

广义资本结构，亦称财务结构，指企业全部资本的构成，既包括长期资本，也包括短期资本（主要指短期债务资本）。

狭义资本结构，主要指企业长期资本的构成，而不包括短期资本。

通常人们将资本结构表示为债务资本与权益资本的比例关系（D/E）或债务资本在总资本中的构成（D/A）。

准确地讲，企业的资本结构应定义为有偿负债与所有者权益的比例。

资本结构是由企业采用各种筹资方式筹集资本形成的。

筹资方式的选择及组合决定着企业资本结构及其变化。

资本结构是企业筹资决策的核心问题。

企业应综合考虑影响资本结构的因素，运用适当方法优化资本结构，从而实现最佳资本结构。

资本结构优化有利于降低资本成本，获取财务杠杆利益。

3．财务经理财务经理是公司管理团队中的重要成员，其主要职责是通过资本预算、融资和资产流动性管理为公司创造价值。

罗斯《公司理财》第9版笔记和课后习题（含考研真题）详解-第8篇理财专题【圣才出品】

罗斯《公司理财》第9版笔记和课后习题（含考研真题）详解-第8篇理财专题【圣才出品】第8篇理财专题第29章收购、兼并与剥离29.1 复习笔记企业间的并购是一项充满不确定性的投资活动。

在并购决策中必须运用的基本法则是：当一家企业能够为并购企业的股东带来正的净现值时才会被并购。

因此确定目标企业的净现值显得尤为重要。

并购具有以下几个特点：并购活动产生的收益被称作协同效应；并购活动涉及复杂的会计、税收和法律因素；并购是股东可行使的一种重要控制机制；并购分析通常以计算并购双方的总价值为中心；并购有时涉及非善意交易。

1．收购的基本形式收购是指一个公司（收购方）用现金、债券或股票购买另一家公司的部分或全部资产或股权，从而获得对该公司的控制权的经济活动。

收购的对象一般有两种：股权和资产。

企业可以运用以下三种基本法律程序进行收购，即：①吸收合并或新设合并；②收购股票；③收购资产。

吸收合并是指一家企业被另一家企业吸收，兼并企业保持其名称和身份，并且收购被兼并企业的全部资产和负债的收购形式。

吸收合并的目标企业不再作为一个独立经营实体而存在。

新设合并是指兼并企业和被兼并企业终止各自的法人形式，共同组成一家新的企业。

收购股票是指用现金、股票或其他证券购买目标企业具有表决权的股票。

2．并购的分类兼并通常是指一个公司以现金、证券或其他形式购买取得其他公司的产权，使其他公司丧失法人资格或改变法人实体，并取得对这些企业决策控制权的经济行为。

兼并和收购虽然有很多不同，但也存在不少相似之处：①兼并与收购的基本动因相似。

要么为扩大企业的市场占有率；要么为扩大企业生产规模，实现规模经营；要么为拓宽企业经营范围，实现分散经营或综合化经营。

总之，企业兼并或收购都是增强企业实力的外部扩张策略或途径。

②企业兼并与收购都以企业产权交易为对象，都是企业资本营运的基本方式。

正是由于两者有很多相似之处，现实中，两者通常统称为“并购”。

按照并购双方的业务性质可以分为：（1）横向并购。

罗斯《公司理财》第9版笔记和课后习题（含考研真题）详解[视频详解]（股票估值）【圣才出品】

罗斯《公司理财》第9版笔记和课后习题（含考研真题）详解[视频详解]（股票估值）【圣才出品】罗斯《公司理财》第9版笔记和课后习题（含考研真题）详解[视频详解]第9章股票估值9.1复习笔记1．不同类型股票的估值（1）零增长股利股利不变时，一股股票的价格由下式给出：在这里假定Div1=Div2=…=Div。

（2）固定增长率股利如果股利以恒定的速率增长，那么一股股票的价格就为：式中，g是增长率；Div是第一期期末的股利。

（3）变动增长率股利2．股利折现模型中的参数估计（1）对增长率g的估计有效估计增长率的方法是：g=留存收益比率×留存收益收益率（ROE）只要公司保持其股利支付率不变，g就可以表示公司的股利增长率以及盈利增长率。

（2）对折现率R的估计对于折现率R的估计为：R=Div/P0+g该式表明总收益率R由两部分组成。

其中，第一部分被称为股利收益率，是预期的现金股利与当前的价格之比。

3．增长机会每股股价可以写做：该式表明，每股股价可以看做两部分的加和。

第一部分（EPS/R）是当公司满足于现状，而将其盈利全部发放给投资者时的价值；第二部分是当公司将盈利留存并用于投资新项目时的新增价值。

当公司投资于正NPVGO的增长机会时，公司价值增加。

反之，当公司选择负NPVGO 的投资机会时，公司价值降低。

但是，不管项目的NPV是正的还是负的，盈利和股利都是增长的。

不应该折现利润来获得每股价格，因为有部分盈利被用于再投资了。

只有股利被分到股东手中，也只有股利可以加以折现以获得股票价格。

4．市盈率即股票的市盈率是三个因素的函数：（1）增长机会。

拥有强劲增长机会的公司具有高市盈率。

（2）风险。

低风险股票具有高市盈率。

（3）会计方法。

采用保守会计方法的公司具有高市盈率。

5．股票市场交易商：持有一项存货，然后准备在任何时点进行买卖。

经纪人：将买者和卖者撮合在一起，但并不持有存货。

9.2课后习题详解一、概念题1．股利支付率（payout ratio）答：股利支付率一般指公司发放给普通股股东的现金股利占总利润的比例。

罗斯《公司理财》第9版笔记和课后习题(含考研真题)详解[视频详解](跨国公司财务)【圣才出品】

罗斯《公司理财》第9版笔记和课后习题（含考研真题）详解[视频详解]第31章跨国公司财务31.1复习笔记随着经济全球化的发展，跨国公司越来越多。

跨国公司经营必须考虑各种因素，其中包括外币汇率、各国不同的利率、国外经营所用的复杂会计方法、外国税率和外国政府的干涉等等。

公司财务的基本原理仍然适用于跨国公司。

外汇问题是跨国财务中最重要、最复杂的难题。

当跨国公司进行资本预算决策或融资决策时，外汇市场能为其提供信息和机会。

外汇、利率和通货膨胀三者的相互关系构成了汇率基本理论。

即：购买力平价理论、利率平价理论和预期理论。

跨国公司融资决策通常有以下三种基本途径：将本国货币用于国外经营业务、向投资所在国借贷和向第三国借贷。

三种途径各有优缺点。

1．有关专业术语（1）美国存托凭证（ADR）。

美国存托凭证是指在美国发行的一种代表外国股权的证券。

外国公司运用以美元发行的ADR实现外国股票在美国上市交易，来吸引更多的潜在的美国投资者群体。

这些ADR通常由投资银行持有并为其做市，它以两种形式存在：一是在交易所挂牌交易的ADR，称为公司保荐形式；另一种是非保荐形式。

这两种形式的ADR均可由个人投资和买卖。

ADR解决了美国与国外证券交易制度、惯例、语言、外汇管理等不尽相同所造成的交易上的困难，是外国公司在美国市场上筹资的重要金融工具，同时也是美国投资者最广泛接受的外国证券形式。

（2）交叉汇率。

交叉汇率是指两种货币之间（通常都不是美元）通过第三种货币联系起来的汇率。

美元是决定交叉汇率的中介货币。

例如，如果投资者想卖出日元买进瑞士法郎，他可能先卖出日元买入美元，随后又卖出美元买入瑞士法郎。

所以，虽然该交易只涉及日元与瑞士法郎，但是美元汇率起到了基准作用。

（3）欧洲货币单位。

欧洲货币单位是指1979年设计的由10种欧洲货币组成的一揽子货币，它是欧洲货币体系（EMS）的货币单位。

根据章程，EMS成员国每五年或者当出现某种货币权重发生25％或以上的变动时，都要重新估算一次ECU的组成。

《公司理财》罗斯中文第九版南大笔记DOC

《公司理财》罗斯中文第九版南大笔记DOC第一篇综述企业经营活动中三类不同的重要问题：1、资本预算问题（长期投资项目）2、融资：如何筹集资金？3、短期融资和净营运资本管理第一章公司理财导论1.1什么是公司理财？1.1.1资产负债表流动资产?固定资产?有形?无形??流动负债?长期负债+所有者权益流动资产-流动负债?净营运资本短期负债：那些必须在一年之内必须偿还的代款和债务；长期负债：不必再一年之内偿还的贷款和债务。

资本结构：公司短期债务、长期债务和股东权益的比例。

1.1.2资本结构债权人和股东V（公司的价值）=B（负债的价值）+S（所有者权益的价值）如何确定资本结构将影响公司的价值。

1.1.3财务经理财务经理的大部分工作在于通过资本预算、融资和资产流动性管理为公司创造价值。

图1.3企业组织结构图（P5）两个问题：1. 现金流量的确认：财务分析的大量工作就是从会计报表中获得现金流量的信息（注意会计角度与财务角度的区别）2. 3.现金流量的时点现金流量的风险1.2公司证券对公司价值的或有索取权负债的基本特征是借债的公司承诺在某一确定的时间支付给债权人一笔固定的金额。

债券和股票时伴随或依附于公司总价值的收益索取权。

1.3公司制企业1.3.1个体业主制 1.3.2合伙制 1.3.3公司制有限责任、产权易于转让和永续经营是其主要优点。

1.4公司制企业的目标系列契约理论：公司制企业力图通过采取行动提高现有公司股票的价值以使股东财富最大化。

1.4.1代理成本和系列契约理论的观点代理成本：股东的监督成本和实施控制的成本 1.4.2管理者的目标管理者的目标可能不同于股东的目标。

Donaldson提出的管理者的两大动机：① （组织的）生存；② 独立性和自我满足。

1.4.3所有权和控制权的分离――谁在经营企业？ 1.4.4股东应控制管理者行为吗？促使股东可以控制管理者的因素：① 股东通过股东大会选举董事；② ③报酬计划和业绩激励计划；被接管的危险；④ 经理市场的激烈竞争。

罗斯《公司理财》第9版笔记和课后习题(含考研真题)详解[视频详解](公司理财导论)【圣才出品】

罗斯《公司理财》第9版笔记和课后习题（含考研真题）详解[视频详解]第1章公司理财导论[视频讲解]1.1复习笔记公司的首要目标——股东财富最大化决定了公司理财的目标。

公司理财的基本内容包括：投资决策（资本预算）、融资决策（资本结构）、短期财务管理（营运资本）。

资产负债表可以反映资本预算、资本支出、资本结构以及经营中的现金流量管理等方面的内容。

2．资本结构资本结构是指企业各种资本的构成及其比例关系，它有广义和狭义之分。

广义资本结构，亦称财务结构，指企业全部资本的构成，既包括长期资本，也包括短期资本（主要指短期债务资本）。

狭义资本结构，主要指企业长期资本的构成，而不包括短期资本。

通常人们将资本结构表示为债务资本与权益资本的比例关系（D/E）或债务资本在总资本的构成（D/A）。

准确地讲，企业的资本结构应定义为有偿负债与所有者权益的比例。

资本结构是由企业采用各种筹资方式筹集资本形成的。

筹资方式的选择及组合决定着企业资本结构及其变化。

资本结构是企业筹资决策的核心问题。

企业应综合考虑影响资本结构的因素，运用适当方法优化资本结构，从而实现最佳资本结构。

资本结构优化有利于降低资本成本，获取财务杠杆利益。

3．财务经理财务经理是公司管理团队中的重要成员，其主要职责是通过资本预算、融资和资产流动性管理为公司创造价值。

Cha03 罗斯公司理财第九版原版书课后习题

1. We explained that differences in firm size make it difficult to compare financial statements, andwe discussed how to form common-size statements to make comparisons easier and more meaningful.2. Evaluating ratios of accounting numbers is another way of comparing financial statementinformation. We defined a number of the most commonly used ratios, and we discussed the famous Du Pont identity.3. We showed how pro forma financial statements can be generated and used to plan for futurefinancing needs.After you have studied this chapter, we hope that you have some perspective on the uses and abuses of financial statement information. You should also find that your vocabulary of business and financial terms has grown substantially.Concept Questions1. Financial Ratio Analysis A financial ratio by itself tells us little about a company becausefinancial ratios vary a great deal across industries. There are two basic methods for analyzing financial ratios for a company: Time trend analysis and peer group analysis. In time trend analysis, you find the ratios for the company over some period, say five years, and examine how each ratio has changed over this period. In peer group analysis, you compare a company’s financial ratios to those of its peers. Why might each of these analysis methods be useful? What does each tell you about the company’s financial health?2. Industry-Specific Ratios So-called “same-store sales” are a very important measure forcompanies as diverse as McDonald’s and Sears. As the name suggests, examining same-store sales means comparing revenues from the same stores or restaurants at two different points in time.Why might companies focus on same-store sales rather than total sales?3. Sales Forecast Why do you think most long-term financial planning begins with salesforecasts? Put differently, why are future sales the key input?4. Sustainable Growth In the chapter, we used Rosengarten Corporation to demonstrate how tocalculate EFN. The ROE for Rosengarten is about 7.3 percent, and the plowback ratio is about 67 percent. If you calculate the sustainable growth rate for Rosengarten, you will find it is only 5.14 percent. In our calculation for EFN, we used a growth rate of 25 percent. Is this possible? (Hint: Yes. How?)5. EFN and Growth Rate Broslofski Co. maintains a positive retention ratio and keeps its debt–equity ratio constant every year. When sales grow by 20 percent, the firm has a negative projected EFN. What does this tell you about the firm’s sustainable growth rate? Do you know, with certainty, if the internal growth rate is greater than or less than 20 percent? Why? What happens to the projected EFN if the retention ratio is increased? What if the retention ratio is decreased? What if the retention ratio is zero?6. Common-Size Financials One tool of financial analysis is common-size financial statements.Why do you think common-size income statements and balance sheets are used? Note that the accounting statement of cash flows is not converted into a common-size statement. Why do you think this is?7. Asset Utilization and EFN One of the implicit assumptions we made in calculating theexternal funds needed was that the company was operating at full capacity. If the company is operating at less than full capacity, how will this affect the external funds needed?8. Comparing ROE and ROA Both ROA and ROE measure profitability. Which one is more usefulfor comparing two companies? Why?9. Ratio Analysis Consider the ratio EBITD/Assets. What does this ratio tell us? Why might it bemore useful than ROA in comparing two companies?Assets and costs are proportional to sales. Debt and equity are not. A dividend of $1,841.40 was paid, and Martin wishes to maintain a constant payout ratio. Next year’s sales are projected to be $30,960. What external financing is needed?5. Sales and Growth The most recent financial statements for Fontenot Co. are shown here:Assets and costs are proportional to sales. The company maintains a constant 30 percent dividend payout ratio and a constant debt–equity ratio. What is the maximum increase in sales that can be sustained assuming no new equity is issued?6. Sustainable Growth If the Layla Corp. has a 15 percent ROE and a 10 percent payout ratio,what is its sustainable growth rate?7. Sustainable Growth Assuming the following ratios are constant, what is the sustainablegrowth rate?Total asset turnover = 1.90Profit margin = 8.1%Equity multiplier = 1.25Payout ratio = 30%8. Calculating EFN The most recent financial statements for Bradley, Inc., are shown here(assuming no income taxes):Assets and costs are proportional to sales. Debt and equity are not. No dividends are paid. Next year’s sales are projected to be $6,669. What is the external financing needed?9. External Funds Needed Cheryl Colby, CFO of Charming Florist Ltd., has created the firm’s proforma balance sheet for the next fiscal year. Sales are projected to grow by 10 percent to $390 million. Current assets, fixed assets, and short-term debt are 20 percent, 120 percent, and 15 percent of sales, respectively. Charming Florist pays out 30 percent of its net income in dividends.The company currently has $130 million of long-term debt and $48 million in common stock par value. The profit margin is 12 percent.1. Construct the current balance sheet for the firm using the projected sales figure.2. Based on Ms. Colby’s sales growth forecast, how much does Charming Florist need inexternal funds for the upcoming fiscal year?3. Construct the firm’s pro forma balance sheet for the next fiscal year and confirm theexternal funds needed that you calculated in part (b).10. Sustainable Growth Rate The Steiben Company has an ROE of 10.5 percent and a payoutratio of 40 percent.1. What is the company’s sustainable growth rate?2. Can the company’s actual growth rate be different from its sustainable growth rate? Whyor why not?3. How can the company increase its sustainable growth rate?INTERMEDIATE (Questions 11–23)11. Return on Equity Firm A and Firm B have debt–total asset ratios of 40 percent and 30percent and returns on total assets of 12 percent and 15 percent, respectively. Which firm has a greater return on equity?12. Ratios and Foreign Companies Prince Albert Canning PLC had a net loss of £15,834 on salesof £167,983. What was the company’s profit margin? Does the fact that these figures are quoted ina foreign currency make any difference? Why? In dollars, sales were $251,257. What was the netloss in dollars?13. External Funds Needed The Optical Scam Company has forecast a 20 percent sales growthrate for next year. The current financial statements are shown here:1. Using the equation from the chapter, calculate the external funds needed for next year.2. Construct the firm’s pro forma balance sheet for next year and confirm the external fundsneeded that you calculated in part (a).3. Calculate the sustainable growth rate for the company.4. Can Optical Scam eliminate the need for external funds by changing its dividend policy?What other options are available to the company to meet its growth objectives?14. Days’ Sales in Receivables A company has net income of $205,000, a profit margin of 9.3percent, and an accounts receivable balance of $162,500. Assuming 80 percent of sales are on credit, what is the company’s days’ sales in receivables?15. Ratios and Fixed Assets The Le Bleu Company has a ratio of long-term debt to total assets of.40 and a current ratio of 1.30. Current liabilities are $900, sales are $5,320, profit margin is 9.4 percent, and ROE is 18.2 percent. What is the amount of the firm’s net fixed assets?16. Calculating the Cash Coverage Ratio Titan Inc.’s net income for the most recent year was$9,450. The tax rate was 34 percent. The firm paid $2,360 in total interest expense and deducted $3,480 in depreciation expense. What was Titan’s cash coverage ratio for the year?17. Cost of Goods Sold Guthrie Corp. has current liabilities of $270,000, a quick ratio of 1.1,inventory turnover of 4.2, and a current ratio of 2.3. What is the cost of goods sold for the company?18. Common-Size and Common–Base Year Financial Statements In addition to common-size financial statements, common–base year financial statements are often used. Common–base year financial statements are constructed by dividing the current year account value by the base year account value. Thus, the result shows the growth rate in the account. Using the following financial statements, construct the common-size balance sheet and common–base year balance sheet for the company. Use 2009 as the base year.Use the following information for Problems 19, 20, and 22:The discussion of EFN in the chapter implicitly assumed that the company was operating at full capacity. Often, this is not the case. For example, assume that Rosengarten was operating at 90 percent capacity. Full-capacity sales would be $1,000/.90 = $1,111. The balance sheet shows $1,800 in fixed assets. The capital intensity ratio for the company isCapital intensity ratio = Fixed assets/Full-capacity sales = $1,800/$1,111 = 1.62This means that Rosengarten needs $1.62 in fixed assets for every dollar in sales when it reaches full capacity. At the projected sales level of $1,250, it needs $1,250 × 1.62 = $2,025 infixed assets, which is $225 lower than our projection of $2,250 in fixed assets. So, EFN is only $565– 225 = $340.19. Full-Capacity Sales Thorpe Mfg., Inc., is currently operating at only 85 percent of fixed assetcapacity. Current sales are $630,000. How much can sales increase before any new fixed assets are needed?20. Fixed Assets and Capacity Usage For the company in the previous problem, suppose fixedassets are $580,000 and sales are projected to grow to $790,000. How much in new fixed assets are required to support this growth in sales?21. Calculating EFN The most recent financial statements for Moose Tours, Inc., appear below.Sales for 2010 are projected to grow by 20 percent. Interest expense will remain constant; the tax rate and the dividend payout rate will also remain constant. Costs, other expenses, current assets, fixed assets, and accounts payable increase spontaneously with sales. If the firm is operating at full capacity and no new debt or equity is issued, what external financing is needed to support the 20 percent growth rate in sales?22. Capacity Usage and Growth In the previous problem, suppose the firm was operating at only80 percent capacity in 2009. What is EFN now?23. Calculating EFN In Problem 21, suppose the firm wishes to keep its debt–equity ratioconstant. What is EFN now?CHALLENGE (Questions 24–30)24. EFN and Internal Growth Redo Problem 21 using sales growth rates of 15 and 25 percent inaddition to 20 percent. Illustrate graphically the relationship between EFN and the growth rate, and use this graph to determine the relationship between them.25. EFN and Sustainable Growth Redo Problem 23 using sales growth rates of 30 and 352. Ratio Analysis Find and download the “Profitability” spreadsheet for Southwest Airlines (LUV)and Continental Airlines (CAL). Find the ROA (Net ROA), ROE (Net ROE), PE ratio (P/E—high and P/E—low), and the market-to-book ratio (Price/Book—high and Price/Book—low) for each company. Because stock prices change daily, PE and market-to-book ratios are often reported as the highest and lowest values over the year, as is done in this instance. Look at these ratios for both companies over the past five years. Do you notice any trends in these ratios? Which company appears to be operating at a more efficient level based on these four ratios? If you were going to invest in an airline, which one (if either) of these companies would you choose based on this information? Why?3. Sustainable Growth Rate Use the annual income statements and balance sheets under the“Excel Analytics” link to calculate the sustainable growth rate for Coca-Cola (KO) each year for the past four years. Is the sustainable growth rate the same for every year? What are possible reasons the sustainable growth rate may vary from year to year?4. External Funds Needed Look up Black & Decker (BDK). Under the “Financial Highlights” linkyou can find a five-year growth rate for sales. Using this growth rate and the most recent income statement and balance sheet, compute the external funds needed for BDK next year.Mini Case: RATIOS AND FINANCIAL PLANNING AT EAST COAST YACHTSDan Ervin was recently hired by East Coast Yachts to assist the company with its short-term financial planning and also to evaluate the company’s financial performance. Dan graduated from college five years ago with a finance degree, and he has been employed in the treasury department of a Fortune 500 company since then.East Coast Yachts was founded 10 years ago by Larissa Warren. The company’s operations are located near Hilton Head Island, South Carolina, and the company is structured as an LLC. The company has manufactured custom midsize, high-performance yachts for clients over this period, and its products have received high reviews for safety and reliability. The company’s yachts have also recently received the highest award for customer satisfaction. The yachts are primarily purchased by wealthy individuals for pleasure use. Occasionally, a yacht is manufactured for purchase by a company for business purposes.The custom yacht industry is fragmented, with a number of manufacturers. As with any industry, there are market leaders, but the diverse nature of the industry ensures that no manufacturer dominates the market. The competition in the market, as well as the product cost, ensures that attention to detail is a necessity. For instance, East Coast Yachts will spend 80 to 100 hours on hand-buffing the stainless steel stem-iron, which is the metal cap on the yacht’s bow that conceivably could collide with a dock or another boat.To get Dan started with his analyses, Larissa has provided the following financial statements. Dan has gathered the industry ratios for the yacht manufacturing industry.1. Calculate all of the ratios listed in the industry table for East Coast Yachts.2. Compare the performance of East Coast Yachts to the industry as a whole. For each ratio,comment on why it might be viewed as positive or negative relative to the industry. Suppose you create an inventory ratio calculated as inventory divided by current liabilities. How do you interpret this ratio? How does East Coast Yachts compare to the industry average?3. Calculate the sustainable growth rate of East Coast Yachts. Calculate external funds needed(EFN) and prepare pro forma income statements and balance sheets assuming growth at precisely this rate. Recalculate the ratios in the previous question. What do you observe?4. As a practical matter, East Coast Yachts is unlikely to be willing to raise external equity capital,in part because the owners don’t want to dilute their existing ownership and control positions.However, East Coast Yachts is planning for a growth rate of 20 percent next year. What are your conclusions and recommendations about the feasibility of East Coast’s expansion plans?5. Most assets can be increased as a percentage of sales. For instance, cash can be increased byany amount. However, fixed assets often must be increased in specific amounts because it is impossible, as a practical matter, to buy part of a new plant or machine. In this case a company has a “staircase” or “lumpy” fixed cost structure. Assume that East Coast Yachts is currently producing at 100 percent of capacity. As a result, to expand production, the company must set up an entirely new line at a cost of $30 million. Calculate the new EFN with this assumption. What does this imply about capacity utilization for East Coast Yachts next year?。

公司理财罗斯第九版课后习题答案

罗斯《公司理财》第9版精要版英文原书课后部分章节答案详细»1 / 17 CH5 11，13，18，19，20 11. To find the PV of a lump sum, we use: PV = FV / (1 + r) t PV = $1,000,000 / (1.10) 80 = $488.19 13. To answer this question, we can use either the FV or the PV formula. Both will give the same answer since they are the inverse of each other. We will use the FV formula, that is: FV = PV(1 + r) t Solving for r, we get: r = (FV / PV) 1 / t –1 r = ($1,260,000 / $150) 1/112 – 1 = .0840 or 8.40% To find the FV of the first prize, we use: FV = PV(1 + r) t FV = $1,260,000(1.0840) 33 = $18,056,409.94 18. To find the FV of a lump sum, we use: FV = PV(1 + r) t FV = $4,000(1.11) 45 = $438,120.97 FV = $4,000(1.11) 35 = $154,299.40 Better start early! 19. We need to find the FV of a lump sum. However, the money will only be invested for six years, so the number of periods is six. FV = PV(1 + r) t FV = $20,000(1.084)6 = $32,449.33 20. To answer this question, we can use either the FV or the PV formula. Both will give the same answer since they are the inverse of each other. We will use the FV formula, that is: FV = PV(1 + r) t Solving for t, we get: t = ln(FV / PV) / ln(1 + r) t = ln($75,000 / $10,000) / ln(1.11) = 19.31 So, the money must be invested for 19.31 years. However, you will not receive the money for another two years. From now, you’ll wait: 2 years + 19.31 years = 21.31 years CH6 16，24，27，42，58 16. For this problem, we simply need to find the FV of a lump sum using the equation: FV = PV(1 + r) t 2 / 17 It is important to note that compounding occurs semiannually. To account for this, we will divide the interest rate by two (the number of compounding periods in a year), and multiply the number of periods by two. Doing so, we get: FV = $2,100[1 + (.084/2)] 34 = $8,505.93 24. This problem requires us to find the FVA. The equation to find the FVA is: FV A = C{[(1 + r) t – 1] / r} FV A = $300[{[1 + (.10/12) ] 360 – 1} / (.10/12)] = $678,146.38 27. The cash flows are annual and the compounding period is quarterly, so we need to calculate the EAR to make the interest rate comparable with the timing of the cash flows. Using the equation for the EAR, we get: EAR = [1 + (APR / m)] m – 1 EAR = [1 + (.11/4)] 4 – 1 = .1146 or 11.46% And now we use the EAR to find the PV of each cash flow as a lump sum and add them together: PV = $725 / 1.1146 + $980 / 1.1146 2 + $1,360 / 1.1146 4 = $2,320.36 42. The amount of principal paid on the loan is the PV of the monthly payments you make. So, the present value of the $1,150 monthly payments is: PVA = $1,150[(1 – {1 / [1 + (.0635/12)]} 360 ) / (.0635/12)] = $184,817.42 The monthly payments of $1,150 will amount to a principal payment of $184,817.42. The amount of principal you will still owe is: $240,000 – 184,817.42 = $55,182.58 This remaining principal amount will increase at the interest rate on the loan until the end of the loan period. So the balloon payment in 30 years, which is the FV of the remaining principal will be: Balloon payment = $55,182.58[1 + (.0635/12)] 360 = $368,936.54 58. To answer this question, we should find the PV of both options, and compare them. Since we are purchasing the car, the lowest PV is the best option. The PV of the leasing is simply the PV of the lease payments, plus the $99. The interest rate we would use for the leasing option is the same as the interest rate of the loan. The PV of leasing is: PV = $99 + $450{1 –[1 / (1 + .07/12) 12(3) ]} / (.07/12) = $14,672.91 The PV of purchasing the car is the current price of the car minus the PV of the resale price. The PV of the resale price is: PV = $23,000 / [1 + (.07/12)] 12(3) = $18,654.82 The PV of the decision to purchase is: $32,000 – 18,654.82 = $13,345.18 3 / 17 In this case, it is cheaper to buy the car than leasing it since the PV of the purchase cash flows is lower. To find the breakeven resale price, we need to find the resale price that makes the PV of the two options the same. In other words, the PV of the decision to buy should be: $32,000 – PV of resale price = $14,672.91 PV of resale price = $17,327.09 The resale price that would make the PV of the lease versus buy decision is the FV ofthis value, so: Breakeven resale price = $17,327.09[1 + (.07/12)] 12(3) = $21,363.01 CH7 3，18，21，22，31 3. The price of any bond is the PV of the interest payment, plus the PV of the par value. Notice this problem assumes an annual coupon. The price of the bond will be: P = $75({1 – [1/(1 + .0875)] 10 } / .0875) + $1,000[1 / (1 + .0875) 10 ] = $918.89 We would like to introduce shorthand notation here. Rather than write (or type, as the case may be) the entire equation for the PV of a lump sum, or the PV A equation, it is common to abbreviate the equations as: PVIF R,t = 1 / (1 + r) t which stands for Present Value Interest Factor PVIFA R,t = ({1 – [1/(1 + r)] t } / r ) which stands for Present Value Interest Factor of an Annuity These abbreviations are short hand notation for the equations in which the interest rate and the number of periods are substituted into the equation and solved. We will use this shorthand notation in remainder of the solutions key. 18. The bond price equation for this bond is: P 0 = $1,068 = $46(PVIFA R%,18 ) + $1,000(PVIF R%,18 ) Using a spreadsheet, financial calculator, or trial and error we find: R = 4.06% This is the semiannual interest rate, so the YTM is: YTM = 2 4.06% = 8.12% The current yield is: Current yield = Annual coupon payment / Price = $92 / $1,068 = .0861 or 8.61% The effective annual yield is the same as the EAR, so using the EAR equation from the previous chapter: Effective annual yield = (1 + 0.0406) 2 – 1 = .0829 or 8.29% 20. Accrued interest is the coupon payment for the period times the fraction of the period that has passed since the last coupon payment. Since we have a semiannual coupon bond, the coupon payment per six months is one-half of the annual coupon payment. There are four months until the next coupon payment, so two months have passed since the last coupon payment. The accrued interest for the bond is: Accrued interest = $74/2 × 2/6 = $12.33 And we calculate the clean price as: 4 / 17 Clean price = Dirty price –Accrued interest = $968 –12.33 = $955.67 21. Accrued interest is the coupon payment for the period times the fraction of the period that has passed since the last coupon payment. Since we have a semiannual coupon bond, the coupon payment per six months is one-half of the annual coupon payment. There are two months until the next coupon payment, so four months have passed since the last coupon payment. The accrued interest for the bond is: Accrued interest = $68/2 × 4/6 = $22.67 And we calculate the dirty price as: Dirty price = Clean price + Accrued interest = $1,073 + 22.67 = $1,095.67 22. To find the number of years to maturity for the bond, we need to find the price of the bond. Since we already have the coupon rate, we can use the bond price equation, and solve for the number of years to maturity. We are given the current yield of the bond, so we can calculate the price as: Current yield = .0755 = $80/P 0 P 0 = $80/.0755 = $1,059.60 Now that we have the price of the bond, the bond price equation is: P = $1,059.60 = $80[(1 – (1/1.072) t ) / .072 ] + $1,000/1.072 t We can solve this equation for t as follows: $1,059.60(1.072) t = $1,111.11(1.072) t –1,111.11 + 1,000 111.11 = 51.51(1.072) t 2.1570 = 1.072 t t = log 2.1570 / log 1.072 = 11.06 11 years The bond has 11 years to maturity.31. The price of any bond (or financial instrument) is the PV of the future cash flows. Even though Bond M makes different coupons payments, to find the price of the bond, we just find the PV of the cash flows. The PV of the cash flows for Bond M is: P M = $1,100(PVIFA 3.5%,16 )(PVIF 3.5%,12 ) + $1,400(PVIFA 3.5%,12 )(PVIF 3.5%,28 ) + $20,000(PVIF 3.5%,40 ) P M = $19,018.78 Notice that for the coupon payments of $1,400, we found the PV A for the coupon payments, and then discounted the lump sum back to today. Bond N is a zero coupon bond with a $20,000 par value, therefore, the price of the bond is the PV of the par, or: P N = $20,000(PVIF 3.5%,40 ) = $5,051.45 CH8 4，18，20，22，24 4. Using the constant growth model, we find the price of the stock today is: P 0 = D 1 / (R – g) = $3.04 / (.11 – .038) = $42.22 5 / 17 18. The priceof a share of preferred stock is the dividend payment divided by the required return. We know the dividend payment in Year 20, so we can find the price of the stock in Year 19, one year before the first dividend payment. Doing so, we get: P 19 = $20.00 / .064 P 19 = $312.50 The price of the stock today is the PV of the stock price in the future, so the price today will be: P 0 = $312.50 / (1.064) 19 P 0 = $96.15 20. We can use the two-stage dividend growth model for this problem, which is: P 0 = [D 0 (1 + g 1 )/(R – g 1 )]{1 – [(1 + g 1 )/(1 + R)] T }+ [(1 + g 1 )/(1 + R)] T [D 0 (1 + g 2 )/(R –g 2 )] P 0 = [$1.25(1.28)/(.13 – .28)][1 –(1.28/1.13) 8 ] + [(1.28)/(1.13)] 8 [$1.25(1.06)/(.13 – .06)] P 0 = $69.55 22. We are asked to find the dividend yield and capital gains yield for each of the stocks. All of the stocks have a 15 percent required return, which is the sum of the dividend yield and the capital gains yield. To find the components of the total return, we need to find the stock price for each stock. Using this stock price and the dividend, we can calculate the dividend yield. The capital gains yield for the stock will be the total return (required return) minus the dividend yield. W: P 0 = D 0 (1 + g) / (R – g) = $4.50(1.10)/(.19 – .10) = $55.00 Dividend yield = D 1 /P 0 = $4.50(1.10)/$55.00 = .09 or 9% Capital gains yield = .19 – .09 = .10 or 10% X: P 0 = D 0 (1 + g) / (R – g) = $4.50/(.19 – 0) = $23.68 Dividend yield = D 1 /P 0 = $4.50/$23.68 = .19 or 19% Capital gains yield = .19 – .19 = 0% Y: P 0 = D 0 (1 + g) / (R – g) = $4.50(1 – .05)/(.19 + .05) = $17.81 Dividend yield = D 1 /P 0 = $4.50(0.95)/$17.81 = .24 or 24% Capital gains yield = .19 – .24 = –.05 or –5% Z: P 2 = D 2 (1 + g) / (R – g) = D 0 (1 + g 1 ) 2 (1 +g 2 )/(R – g 2 ) = $4.50(1.20) 2 (1.12)/(.19 – .12) = $103.68 P 0 = $4.50 (1.20) / (1.19) + $4.50(1.20) 2 / (1.19) 2 + $103.68 / (1.19) 2 = $82.33 Dividend yield = D 1 /P 0 = $4.50(1.20)/$82.33 = .066 or 6.6% Capital gains yield = .19 – .066 = .124 or 12.4% In all cases, the required return is 19%, but the return is distributed differently between current income and capital gains. High growth stocks have an appreciable capital gains component but a relatively small current income yield; conversely, mature, negative-growth stocks provide a high current income but also price depreciation over time. 24. Here we have a stock with supernormal growth, but the dividend growth changes every year for the first four years. We can find the price of the stock in Year 3 since the dividend growth rate is constant after the third dividend. The price of the stock in Year 3 will be the dividend in Year 4, divided by the required return minus the constant dividend growth rate. So, the price in Year 3 will be: 6 / 17 P 3 = $2.45(1.20)(1.15)(1.10)(1.05) / (.11 – .05) = $65.08 The price of the stock today will be the PV of the first three dividends, plus the PV of the stock price in Year 3, so: P 0 = $2.45(1.20)/(1.11) + $2.45(1.20)(1.15)/1.11 2 + $2.45(1.20)(1.15)(1.10)/1.11 3 + $65.08/1.11 3 P 0 = $55.70 CH9 3，4，6，9，15 3. Project A has cash flows of $19,000 in Year 1, so the cash flows are short by $21,000 of recapturing the initial investment, so the payback for Project A is: Payback = 1 + ($21,000 / $25,000) = 1.84 years Project B has cash flows of: Cash flows = $14,000 + 17,000 + 24,000 = $55,000 during this first three years. The cash flows are still short by $5,000 of recapturing the initial investment, so the payback for Project B is: B: Payback = 3 + ($5,000 / $270,000) = 3.019 years Using the payback criterion and a cutoff of 3 years, accept project A and reject project B. 4. When we use discounted payback, we need to find the value of all cash flows today. The value today of the project cash flows for the first four years is: Value today of Year 1 cash flow = $4,200/1.14 = $3,684.21 Value today of Year 2 cash flow = $5,300/1.14 2 = $4,078.18 Value today of Year 3 cash flow = $6,100/1.14 3 = $4,117.33 V alue today of Year 4 cash flow = $7,400/1.14 4 = $4,381.39 To find the discounted payback, we use these values to find the payback period. The discounted first year cash flow is $3,684.21, so the discounted payback for a $7,000 initial cost is: Discounted payback= 1 + ($7,000 – 3,684.21)/$4,078.18 = 1.81 years For an initial cost of $10,000, the discounted payback is: Discounted payback = 2 + ($10,000 –3,684.21 – 4,078.18)/$4,117.33 = 2.54 years Notice the calculation of discounted payback. We know the payback period is between two and three years, so we subtract the discounted values of the Year 1 and Year 2 cash flows from the initial cost. This is the numerator, which is the discounted amount we still need to make to recover our initial investment. We divide this amount by the discounted amount we will earn in Year 3 to get the fractional portion of the discounted payback. If the initial cost is $13,000, the discounted payback is: Discounted payback = 3 + ($13,000 – 3,684.21 – 4,078.18 – 4,117.33) / $4,381.39 = 3.26 years 7 / 17 6. Our definition of AAR is the average net income divided by the average book value. The average net income for this project is: Average net income = ($1,938,200 + 2,201,600 + 1,876,000 + 1,329,500) / 4 = $1,836,325 And the average book value is: Average book value = ($15,000,000 + 0) / 2 = $7,500,000 So, the AAR for this project is: AAR = Average net income / Average book value = $1,836,325 / $7,500,000 = .2448 or 24.48% 9. The NPV of a project is the PV of the outflows minus the PV of the inflows. Since the cash inflows are an annuity, the equation for the NPV of this project at an 8 percent required return is: NPV = –$138,000 + $28,500(PVIFA 8%, 9 ) = $40,036.31 At an 8 percent required return, the NPV is positive, so we would accept the project. The equation for the NPV of the project at a 20 percent required return is: NPV = –$138,000 + $28,500(PVIFA 20%, 9 ) = –$23,117.45 At a 20 percent required return, the NPV is negative, so we would reject the project. We would be indifferent to the project if the required return was equal to the IRR of the project, since at that required return the NPV is zero. The IRR of the project is: 0 = –$138,000 + $28,500(PVIFA IRR, 9 ) IRR = 14.59% 15. The profitability index is defined as the PV of the cash inflows divided by the PV of the cash outflows. The equation for the profitability index at a required return of 10 percent is: PI = [$7,300/1.1 + $6,900/1.1 2 + $5,700/1.1 3 ] / $14,000 = 1.187 The equation for the profitability index at a required return of 15 percent is: PI = [$7,300/1.15 + $6,900/1.15 2 + $5,700/1.15 3 ] / $14,000 = 1.094 The equation for the profitability index at a required return of 22 percent is: PI = [$7,300/1.22 + $6,900/1.22 2 + $5,700/1.22 3 ] / $14,000 = 0.983 8 / 17 We would accept the project if the required return were 10 percent or 15 percent since the PI is greater than one. We would reject the project if the required return were 22 percent since the PI。

罗斯公司理财精要版9光盘各章习题

====Word行业资料分享--可编辑版本--双击可删====附录B各章习题及部分习题答案APPENDIX B目录Contents第一部分公司理财概览第三部分未来现金流量估价第1章公司理财导论3 第5章估价导论：货币的时间价值39 概念复习和重要的思考题 4 本章复习与自测题40微型案例麦吉糕点公司 5 本章复习与自测题解答40第2章财务报表、税和现金流量6 概念复习和重要的思考题40 本章复习与自测题7 思考和练习题41本章复习与自测题解答7 第6章贴现现金流量估价43概念复习和重要的思考题8 本章复习与自测题44思考和练习题9 本章复习与自测题解答44微型案例Sunset Boards公司的现金流量和概念复习和重要的思考题46财务报表13 思考和练习题4652第二部分财务报表与长期财务计划微型案例读MBA的决策第7章利率和债券估价54第3章利用财务报表17 本章复习与自测题55本章复习与自测题18 本章复习与自测题解答55本章复习与自测题解答19 概念复习和重要的思考题55概念复习和重要的思考题20 思考和练习题56思考和练习题21 微型案例基于债券发行的S&S飞机公司的微型案例针对S&S飞机公司的财务比率扩张计划59分析24 第8章股票估价60第4章长期财务计划与增长27 本章复习与自测题61本章复习与自测题28 本章复习与自测题解答61本章复习与自测题解答28 概念复习和重要的思考题61概念复习和重要的思考题29 思考和练习题62思考和练习题30 微型案例Ragan公司的股票估价64微型案例S&S飞机公司的比率与财务计划35III第四部分资本预算第9章净现值与其他投资准绳69 第六部分资本成本与长期财务政策第14章资本成本111本章复习与自测题70 本章复习与自测题112本章复习与自测题解答概念复习和重要的思考题7071本章复习与自测题解答概念复习和重要的思考题112112思考和练习题73 思考和练习题113第10章资本性投资决策77 第15章筹集资本117 本章复习与自测题78 本章复习与自测题118本章复习与自测题解答概念复习和重要的思考题7880本章复习与自测题解答概念复习和重要的思考题118118思考和练习题80 思考和练习题120微型案例贝壳共和电子公司（一）85 微型案例S&S飞机公司的上市121 第11章项目分析与评估86 第16章财务杠杆和资本结构政策123 本章复习与自测题87 本章复习与自测题124本章复习与自测题解答概念复习和重要的思考题8787本章复习与自测题解答概念复习和重要的思考题124124思考和练习题88 思考和练习题125微型案例贝壳共和电子公司（二）第五部分风险与报酬第12章资本市场历史的一些启示95 91 微型案例斯蒂芬森房地产公司的资本重组127第17章股利和股利政策129概念复习和重要的思考题130本章复习与自测题96 思考和练习题130本章复习与自测题解答概念复习和重要的思考题思考和练习题97 9696微型案例电子计时公司133第七部分短期财务计划与管理微型案例S&S飞机公司的职位99 第18章短期财务与计划137第13章报酬、风险与证券市场线101 本章复习与自测题138 本章复习与自测题102 本章复习与自测题解答138本章复习与自测题解答概念复习和重要的思考题102103概念复习和重要的思考题139思考和练习题140思考和练习题104 微型案例Piepkorn制造公司的营运成本管微型案例高露洁棕榄公司的值108 理145IV第19章现金和流动性管理147本章复习与自测题148本章复习与自测题解答148概念复习和重要的思考题148思考和练习题149微型案例Webb公司的现金管理150 第20章信用和存货管理151本章复习与自测题152本章复习与自测题解答152概念复习和重要的思考题152思考和练习题153微型案例豪利特实业公司的信用政策155第八部分公司理财专题第21章国际公司理财159本章复习与自测题160本章复习与自测题解答160概念复习和重要的思考题160思考和练习题161微型案例S&S飞机公司的国际化经营163 部分习题答案165PART 1第一部分公司理财概览====Word行业资料分享--可编辑版本--双击可删====第1章公司理财导论CHAPTER 14附录概念复习和重要的思考题1.财务管理决策过程财务管理决策有哪三种类型？就每一种类型，举出一个相关的企业交易实例。

罗斯《公司理财》英文习题答案DOCchap008

公司理财习题答案第八章Chapter 8: Strategy and Analysis in Using Net Present Value8.1 Go directly:NPV = 0.5 ⨯ $20 million + 0.5 ⨯ $5 million= $12.5 millionTest marketing:NPV = -$2 million + (0.75 ⨯ $20 million + 0.25 ⨯ $5 million) / 1.15= $12.13 millionGo directly to the market.8.2 Focus group: -$120,000 + 0.70 ⨯ $1,200,000 = $720,000Consulting firm: -$400,000 + 0.90 ⨯ $1,200,000 = $680,000Direct marketing: 0.50 ⨯ $1,200,000 = $600,000The manager should conduct a focus group.8.3 Price more aggressively:-$1,300,000 + (0.55 ⨯ 0) + 0.45 ⨯ (-$550,000)= -$1,547,500Hire lobbyist:-$800,000 + (0.75 ⨯ 0) + 0.25 ⨯ (-$2,000,000)= -$1,300,000Tandem should hire the lobbyist.8.4 Let sales price be x.Depreciation = $600,000 / 5 = $120,000BEP: ($900,000 + $120,000) / (x - $15) = 20,000x = $668.5 The accounting break-even= (120,000 + 20,000) / (1,500 - 1,100)= 350 units8.6 a. The accounting break-even= 340,000 / (2.00 - 0.72)= 265,625 abalonesb. [($2.00 ⨯ 300,000) - (340,000 + 0.72 ⨯ 300,000)] (0.65)= $28,600This is the after tax profit.8.7 EAC = $140,000 / 7A = $33,650.015Depreciation = $140,000 / 7 = $20,000BEP = {$33,650 + $340,000 ⨯ 0.65 - $20,000 ⨯ 0.35} / {($2 - $0.72) ⨯ 0.65} = 297,656.25≈ 297,657 units8.8 Depreciation = $200,000 / 5 = $40,000 EAC = $200,000 / 512.0A = $200,000 / 3.60478 = $55,482BEP = {$55,482 + $350,000 ⨯ 0.75 - $40,000 ⨯ 0.25} / {($25 - $5) ⨯ 0.75} = 20,532.13 ≈ 20533 units 8.9 Let I be the break-even purchase price. Incremental C 0$20,000 Tax effect 3,400 Total $23,400 Depreciation per period = $45,000 / 15 = $3,000Book value of the machine = $45,000 - 5 ⨯ $3,000 = $30,000Loss on sale of machine = $30,000 - $20,000 = $10,000 Tax credit due to loss = $10,000 ⨯ 0.34 = $3,400Incremental cost savings: $10,000 (1 - 0.34) = $6,600 Incremental depreciation tax shield: [I / 10 - $3,000] (0.34)The break-even purchase price is the Investment (I), which makes the NPV be zero. NPV = 0 = -I + $23,400 + $6,600 1015.0A + [I / 10 - $3,000] (0.34) 1015.0A = -I + $23,400 + $6,600 (5.0188) + I (0.034) (5.0188) - $3,000 (0.34) (5.0188) I = $61,981 8.10 Pessimistic:NPV= -$420,000 + (){}23,000$38$21$320,0000.65$60,0000.351.13t t 17--⨯+⨯=∑= -$123,021.71 Expected: NPV = -$420,000 + (){}25,000$40$20$300,0000.65$60,0000.351.13t7--⨯+⨯=∑t 1= $247,814.17公司理财习题答案第八章Optimistic:NPV= -$420,000 +(){}27,000$42$19$280,0000.65$60,0000.351.13tt 17--⨯+⨯=∑= $653,146.42Even though the NPV of pessimistic case is negative, if we change one input while allothers are assumed to meet their expectation, we have all positive NPVs like the one before. Thus, this project is quite profitable.PessimisticNPVUnit sales 23,000 $132,826.30 Price$38 $104,079.33 Variable costs $21 $175,946.75 Fixed costs$320,000$190,320.248.11 Pessimistic: NPV = -$1,500,000 +(){}1100000220000600000401131,.$850,.$300,..⨯--⨯+⨯=∑$115$725tt= -$675,701.68 Expected: NPV = -$1,500,000+(){}1200000250000600000401131,.$800,.$300,..⨯--⨯+⨯=∑$120$705tt= $399,304.88Optimistic: NPV = -$1,500,000+(){}130,0000.27$125$68$750,0000.60$300,0000.401.13tt 15⨯--⨯+⨯=∑= $1,561,468.43The expected present value of the new tennis racket is $428,357.21. (Assuming there are equal chances of the 3 scenarios occurring.)8.12 NPV = (){}-+⨯--⨯+⨯=∑1,500,000130,0000.22$120$70$800,0000.60$300,0000.401.13tt 15= $251,581.17The 3% drop in market share hurt significantly more than the 10,000 increase in market size helped. However, if the drop were only 2%, the effects would be about even. Market size is going up by over 8%, thus it seems market share is more important than market size.8.13 a. NPV = -$10,000,000 + ( $750, 000 ⨯10A) = -$5,391,574.6710.b.Revised NPV = -$10,000,000 + $750,000 / 1.10 + [(.5 ⨯ $1,500,000 ⨯9A).10+ (.5 ⨯ $200,000 )] / 1.10= -$5,300,665.58Option value of abandonment = -$5,300,665.58 – ( -$5,391,574.67 )= $90,909.098.14 a. NPV = -$100M + ( $100 ⨯ 2M ⨯10A) = $738.49Million.20b.$50M = C9A20.C = $12.40 Million (or 1.24 Million units )。

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