新概念英语第三册笔记第42课上课教案

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Lesson 42 Modern cavemen

一、单词讲解New words and expressions

caveman n 洞穴人(穴居人)

cave n.洞穴(天然的)caveman n. (远古)洞穴人 a man living in a cave thousands of years ago

cavern ['k?v(?)n] n. 大洞穴,大山洞 a large cave

cavity ['k?v?t?] n.洞,腔(正式的医学术语);(龋齿的)洞

pothole ['p?th??l] n.锅穴(冰原),壶穴(河床)(地质)

potholing n.洞穴探险(运动)

potholer n.洞穴探险者

solitude ['s?l?tju:d] n.孤独、寂寞( 2.独处)(enjoying being alone, being without companions)六级罕见

live in solitude 独自(居住)生活

isolation n.隔离、孤立(不情愿地,被动)(a feeling of being lonely and unable to meet or speak to other people)eg. Retirement can often cause feeling of isolation.

seclusion [s?'klu:?(?)n] n. 隔离(主动,隔离室等);隐居、与世隔绝独处(刻意)

eg. The Emperor lived in seclusion behind the walls of the Forbidden City.

Recluse [r?'klu:s] n.隐士n. 隐士;隐居者adj. 隐居的

远离【世界】,过着【隔绝】生活,“常常”是【独处】。- 不一定是【宗·教·信·仰】的原因,不一定是独处(也许是小群体的与世隔绝的生活);recluse的第2个含义,才是指修行者,和上面hermit同。

reclusive [r?'klu?s?v] adj. 隐居的;隐遁的

hermit ['h??m?t] n. (尤指宗教原因的)隐士,隐居者;蜂鸟

强调的是远离【社会】,因【宗·教·信·仰】而【独处】的修行的人。

还有些小的区别:recluse只用于人,而hermit 可指动物的独居习性;

lure [l(j)??] v 引诱,诱惑(n. 诱惑;饵;诱惑物vt. 诱惑;引诱;引怪(游戏术语))

potholer n.洞穴探险者

rambler ['r?mbl?] 漫步者,散步者(n. 漫步者,漫谈者;攀缘蔷薇)

stroll [str??l] n.溜达, 散步(= slow walking for pleasure in street or in garden)指不慌不忙地溜达

go for a stroll = go for a walk, take a stroll = take a walk

-- He is strolling along the road.

Stroller n.散步者, 流浪者

Ramble [‘r?mbl] v.海岸、林中的漫步-- The couple are rambling in the forest. [英]漫步,尤指为消遣而在乡

间闲逛

Roam [r??m] v.不安定的漂泊(徜徉;闲逛;漫步to walk or travel around an area without any definite aim or direction)常指长时间没有目的或方向地游荡。

W an der ['w?nd?] vi.漫步, 徘徊, 流浪, 彷徨, 无目的地移动

1、to walk slowly around or to a place, often without any particular sense of purpose or direction

2、[V] ~ (away, back, to, etc. sth)(of a person's mind or thoughts 人的思想或想法) 走神;神志恍惚;(思想)开小差to stop being directed on sth and to move without much control to other ideas,

3、[V] ~ (away/off) | ~ (from/off sth)偏离(正道);走失;离散to move away from the place where you ought to be or the people you are with

同义词:stray

undertaking n 任务,工作

undertake v.承担,着手做

undertake to do 1、开始做you start doing it and accept responsibility for it

2、承诺做you promise that you will do it.

--He undertook to inform everyone concerned. --We undertake a investigation.

承担,着手做:

start to do sth take off doing sth be engaged in sth(参与,从事于,忙于)set out to do set about doing undertaking n.事业,工作(正在着手做的事)

Assignment (工作中的)任务,作业on an assignment 去执行公务assign 分配,指派

mi ss ion 使命Mission Impossible 谍中谍

foresight ['f?:sa?t] n 预见,深谋远虑

foresee 预见forecast 预测,预报predict预计expect期望,预计

Fore前缀表示1、前部的(空间),前面的(时间)2、预先

1、forehead forearm前臂forefinger食指foreword前言(写在〔书〕前面的话→前言)

Forerunner 先驱,先兆forefather祖先foresight 远见

2、foresee forecast foretell fore stall阻止(预先制止)

foretell [f?:'tel] v 预言名词的预测一般用prediction prophecy ['pr?f?s?] n. 预言;

a lle gory ['?l?g(?)r?] 寓言(讽寓)

fable ['fe?b(?)l] (n. 寓言;无稽之谈vi. 编寓言;虚构vt. 煞有介事地讲述;虚构)

foretell 一般的通俗用语,往往指根据客观因素做出的预告,强调预先要发生的事。

forecast 指对未来事件的预报、推测或设想,侧重最终可能出现的结果。

predict 较正常的正式用词,通常用于人。指根据事实或自然规律进行推断后作出预告,隐含有科学的准确性。

foresee 指提前、预先料到将要发生的事或指对未发生的事情形成一种概念或判断

chasm ['k?z(?)m] n.断层,裂缝,陷坑(n. 峡谷;裂口;分歧;深坑)

a rope bridge across the chasm 横跨裂缝的绳索桥

n.分歧,不同,裂痕(a big difference between the opinions, experience, ways of life)

a deep political chasm between these two countries 两个国家间的很大的政治分歧

flaw [fl?:] n.瑕疵,小裂缝,小错,弱点;裂缝,裂纹vt&vi. 使生裂缝,使有裂纹;使无效;使有缺陷

(a mistake, mark or weakness that makes something imperfect)事物表面的裂纹,引申出瑕疵,缺陷

fatal flaw 致命的弱点

cleft [kleft] n.裂缝,裂口(自然形成)((尤指岩石、地表的)裂缝;额头(或下巴)中间的竖缝;(身体)V字形凹陷) a natural crack in the surface of rocks or the earth etc.

a sharp cleft between rich and poor 贫富之间的巨大差异

cleavage ['kli:v?d?] n.(劈裂的)裂痕,不同意见(n. 劈开,分裂;[晶体] 解理;[胚] 卵裂)

a sharp cleavage in the attitudes towards education 关于教育的截然不同的意见

cleave 1、劈开[文学性] 2、cleave to坚忠于[正式]

fissure n. 裂缝,(尤指岩石上的)裂沟;分歧v.(使)裂开,分裂(a deep crack,especially in rock or earth)crack n.(一个)开口,缝隙(1、使…破裂; 破裂2、使…噼啪作响; 发出辟裂声3、撞击4、叩开(壳鸡蛋)5、破解难题,密码等)最普通的用词

eg. She opened the door a crack and slipped in.

crevice ['krev?s] n. (岩石上的)细小裂缝(a narrow crack , especially in rock)

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