武汉理工大学专业英语
专业外语分句翻译 土木工程专业英语翻译(武汉理工大学出版社段兵廷主编)完整版
Civil engineering，the oldest of the engineering specialties，is the planning，design，construction, and management of the built environment．This environment includes all structures built according to scientific principles，from irrigation and drainage systems to rocket-launching facilities.土木工程，最老的工程专业，是建筑环境的规划、设计、施工和管理。
这个环境包括从灌溉和排水系统到火箭发射设施的所有根据科学原理建造的结构物。
Civil engineers build roads，bridges，tunnels，dams，harbors，power plants，water and sewage systems，hospitals，schools，mass transit，and other public facilities essential to modern society and large population concentrations．土木工程师修建道路、桥梁、隧道、大坝、港口、发电站、水系统和污水系统，医院、学校、公共交通系统，以及现代化社会和大量人口集中的地方所必需的其他公共设施。
They also build privately owned facilities such as airports, railroads，pipelines, skyscrapers, and other large structures designed for industrial，commercial, or residential use．他们也修建私人拥有的设施，如机场、铁路、管线、高楼大厦，和为工业、商业、民用设计的其他大型建筑。
武汉理工大学船舶专业英语本科考试题库
武汉理工大学船舶专业英语本科考试题库1、Everyone here is _______ to me. [单选题] *A. happyB. wellC. kind(正确答案)D. glad2、The market economy is quickly changing people’s idea on_____is accepted. [单选题] *A.what(正确答案)B.whichC.howD.that3、I paid him 50 dollars for the painting, but its real（）must be about 500 dollars. [单选题] *A. feeB. value(正确答案)C. priceD. fare4、_______ your parents at home last week? [单选题] *A. IsB. WasC. AreD. Were(正确答案)5、Yesterday I _______ a book.It was very interesting. [单选题] *A. lookedB. read(正确答案)C. watchedD. saw6、74．In England people drive________. [单选题] *A．on the left(正确答案)B．in the leftC．on leftD．in left7、He doesn’t smoke and hates women _______. [单选题] *A. smokesB. smokeC. smokedD. smoking(正确答案)8、I’m looking forward to hearing from you _______. [单选题] *A. recentlyB. soon(正确答案)C. quicklyD. fast9、You wouldn't have seen her if it _____ not been for him . [单选题] *A. hasB. had(正确答案)C. haveD．is having10、10．﹣Could you please sweep the floor？I’m going to cook dinner．﹣__________．I’ll do it at once，Mom．[单选题] *A．I’m afraid notB．You’re kiddingC．It’s a shameD．My pleasure(正确答案)11、If you get _______, you can have some bread on the table. [单选题] *A. happyB. hungry(正确答案)C. worriedD. sad12、Nuclear science should be developed to benefit the people_____harm them. [单选题] *A.more thanB.other thanC.rather than(正确答案)D.better than13、Amy and her best friend often ______ books together.（）[单选题] *A. read(正确答案)B. readsC. is readingD. to read14、She serves as a secretary in a university. [单选题] *A. 为…服务B. 担任…职务(正确答案)C. 竞争…服务D. 申请…职务15、Nearly two thousand years have passed _____ the Chinese first invented the compass. [单选题] *A. whenB. beforeC. since(正确答案)D. after16、We got up early this morning and took a long walk after breakfast. We walked _____ the business section of the city. [单选题] *A. amongB. betweenC. through(正确答案)D. upon17、A modern city has sprung up in _____was a waste land ten years ago. [单选题] *A.whichB.what(正确答案)C.thatD.where18、Will you be able to finish your homework _______? [单选题] *A. by the timeB. in time(正确答案)C. once upon a timeD. out of time19、The office building will be _______ a library. [单选题] *A. turned onB. turned upC. turned into(正确答案)D. turned off20、Have you done something _______ on the weekends? [单选题] *A. special(正确答案)B. soreC. convenientD. slim21、Online shopping _______ very popular now. [单选题] *A. is(正确答案)B. areC. wasD. were22、40．Star wars is ______ adventure film and it is very interesting. [单选题] * A．aB．an (正确答案)C．theD．/23、As soon as he _______, he _______ to his family. [单选题] *A. arrived, writesB. arrived, writtenC. arrived, wrote(正确答案)D. arrives, write24、I like booking tickets online，because it is _______. [单选题] *A. boringB. confidentC. convenient(正确答案)D. expensive25、The city is famous _______ its beautiful scenery. [单选题] *A. for(正确答案)B. ofC. asD. to26、18．Monica wants to be a _______. She is good at sports and she loves teaching others. [单选题] *A．coach(正确答案)B．secretaryC．architectD．waiter27、--Could you please tell me _______ to get to the nearest supermarket?--Sorry, I am a stranger here. [单选题] *A. whatB. how(正确答案)C. whenD. why28、There is _______ meat in the fridge.Lets go and buy some. [单选题] *A. little(正确答案)B. a littleC. fewD. a few29、These apples smell _____ and taste ______. [单选题] *A. well; wellB. good; good(正确答案)C. well; goodD. good; well30、It is an online platform _____ people can buy and sell many kinds of things. [单选题] * A．whenB. where(正确答案)C．thatD．which。
【必看】2020武汉理工大学外国语言文学考研考试科目、招生人数、参考书目、复试分数线
【必看】2020武汉理工大学外国语言文学考研考试科目、招生人数、参考书目、复试分数线摘要：本文由新祥旭考研吴老师为大家详细解析武汉理工大学外国语言文学考研情况，主要有以下几个板块：武汉理工大学外国语言文学考研考试科目、研究方向介绍、本专业近3年复试分数线对比、本专业近3年报录比情况、本专业考研参考书目、往年录取名单及武汉理工大学备考经验。
一、武汉理工大学外国语言文学考试科目招生院系：外国语学院招生专业：外国语言文学（050200）（学硕）研究方向：01（全日制）英语语言文学02（全日制）外国语言学及应用语言学03（全日制）法语语言文学04（全日制）日语语言文学考试科目：01、02方向①101 思想政治理论②242 德语、243 法语、244 俄语一、245 日语一（选一）③619 基础英语④816 英美文学、815 英语语言学（选一）03方向①101 思想政治理论②242 德语、244 俄语一、245 日语一、246 英语（选一）③635 法语综合④911 法语文学与文化04方向①101 思想政治理论②242 德语、243 法语、244 俄语一、246 英语（选一）③636 综合日语④912 日语语言学和文学二、武汉理工大学外国语言文学分数线2、体检：2018年3月30日（周五）上午8:00-11:00。
地点：武汉理工大学马房山校区（东院）校医院。
体检时携带本人二代身份证、一张一寸照片、35元体检费（现金）。
3、加试：2018年3月30日（周五）下午2:30。
地点：外国语学院鉴四13楼会议室。
同等学力（高职高专、本科结业、成人应届本科毕业）、跨专业的考生须参加加试。
具体加试内容为：外国语言学及应用语言学方向加试语言学与翻译，英美文学方向加试英美文学与翻译，翻译专业硕士加试英汉互译；法语语言学方向加试法国文化与翻译，日语语言学方向加试日本文化与翻译；每门考试总分100，加试成绩不计入复试成绩，加试成绩不合格者不予录取。
武汉理工2012英语专业大纲详解
五、 参考书目：
1. 吴定柏，《美国文学欣赏》，上海外语教育出版社，2009年。
2. 王守仁，《英国文学欣赏》，高等教育出版社，20005年。
武汉理工大学硕士研究生入学考试
《基础英语》大纲
总则
武汉理工大学硕士研究生入学考试
《英语语言学》考试大纲
一、考试目的：考察考生对普通语言学基本内容是否有了较系统的掌握，是否具备了运用语言学知识来观察、总结、分析和论述日常语言现象的初步能力以及用英语答题的基本能力。
二、考试要求：
1. 考生应全部用英语答题；
1．考生应熟练掌握普通语言学的主要内容、熟记其中的基本概念；
参考书目：
《新编英语教程》（1-6册） 李观仪 上海外语教育出版社 2008年
武汉理工大学硕士研究生
法语(第一外语)入学考试大纲
总则
本大纲的各项规定作为武汉理工大学外国语学院硕士研究生入学考试法语（第一外语）考试考题编写参考以及质量检查的依据。
考生对象
本大纲的考生对象是参加武汉理工大学外国语学院硕士研究生入学考试并把法语作为第一外语的全国考生。
第三部分：翻译（15%）
翻译为法译汉，可以是一篇短文，也可以是独立的句子（共5句）。要求译文句子通顺，无大的翻译错误。
第四部分：作文（10%）
目的是考核考生用法语书面表达的初步能力。
给出适当提示，要求考生写出一篇长度为１００个单词的短文，能正确表达思想，内容贯通，无重大语法错误。写作的题材主要是日常生活或一般常识。
2. 掌握英语基本语法；
3. 具有一定的阅读能力、翻译能力和写作能力；
本科专业目录(中英文对照)
武汉理工大学本科专业目录（中英文对照）材料成型及控制工程(Material Forming and Control Engineering)材料科学与工程(Materials Science & Engineering)材料物理(Material Physics)材料化学(Material Mechanics)无机非金属材料(Inorganic non-metallic material Engineering)高分子材料与工程(Polymer Materials & Engineer)复合材料与工程(Composite Materials)新能源材料与器件(New Energy Materials and Devices)道路桥梁与渡河工程(Road, Bridge and River-crossing Engineering)交通运输(Transportation)交通工程(Traffic Engineering)港口航道与海岸(Port & Waterway and Coastal Engineering)船舶与海洋工程(Naval Architecture & Ocean Engineering)信息管理与信息系统(Information Management & Information System)市场营销(Marketing)财务管理(Financial Management)人力资源管理(Human Resource Management)工商管理(Business Administration Management)会计学(Accounting)公共事业管理(Public Utilities Management)机械工程(Mechanical Engineering)过程装备与控制工程(Industrial Equipment and Control Engineering)测控技术与仪器(Measuring & Control Technology and Instrumentation)包装工程(Packaging Engineering)工业工程(Industrial Engineering)能源动力系统及自动化(Energy & Power System and Automation)油气储运工程(Oil and Gas Storage and Transportation Engineering)轮机工程(Marine Engineering Education Scheme)土木工程(Civil Engineerin)建筑环境与能源应用工程(Building Environment and Energy Engineering)给水排水工程(Water Supply and Sewerage Engineering)工程管理(Engineering Project Management)建筑学(Architecture)城乡规划(Urban Planning)建筑节能技术与工程(Building Energy Saving Technology and Engineering) 车辆工程(Automotive Engineering)能源与动力工程(Energy and Power Engineering)汽车服务工程(Automotive Support Engineering)人文地理与城乡规划(Human Geography & Urban and Rural Planning)地理信息科学(Geographic Information Science)环境工程(Environmental Engineering)环境科学(Environmental Science)采矿工程(Mining Engineering)安全工程(Safety Engineering)矿物加工工程(Mineral Processing Engineering)电子信息工程(Electronic Information Technology)电子科学与技术(Electronic Science and Technology)通信工程(Communication Engineering)信息工程(Information Engineering)计算机科学与技术(Computer Science & Technology)软件工程(Software Engineering)物联网工程(Internet of Things Engineering)电气工程及其自动化(Electrical Engineering and Automation)自动化(Automation)航海技术(Navigation Technology)海事管理(Maritime Administration)广告学(Advertising)编辑出版学(Editing & Publishing)法学(Law)教育技术学(Education Technology)光信息科学与技术(Optical Information Science and Technology)电子信息科学与技术(Electronic and Information Science and Technology) 信息与计算科学(Information & Computing Science)统计学(Statistics)工程力学(Engineering Mechanics)经济学(Economics)电子商务(E-Business)金融学(Finance)国际经济与贸易(Inernational Economics & Trade)动画(Animation)艺术设计学(Art And Design)视觉传达设计(Visual Communication Design)环境设计(Environmental Design)产品设计(Product Design)工业设计(Industrial Design)英语(English)法语(French)日语(Japanese)物流工程(Logistics Engineering)物流管理(Logistics Management)机械设计制造及其自动化(Mechanical Design & Manufacture & Its Automation) 社会工作(Social Work)思想政治教育(Ideological and Political Education)汉语国际教育(Teaching Chinese as a Second Language)化学工程与工艺(Chemical Engineering and Technology)制药工程(Pharmaceutical Engineering)应用化学(Applied Chemistry)生物技术(Biotechnology)。
土木工程专业英语武汉理工大学出版社lesson
Selection of mhe bridge designer can select from a number of modern high-strength materials，including concrete， steel，and a wide variety of corrosion-resistant alloy steels．
In addition, the structure must provide a safety factor as insurance against failure.
另外，结构还需要一定的安全系数作为防止破坏的安全 储备。
The calculation of the precise nature of the individual stresses and strains in the structure, called analysis, is perhaps the most technically complex aspect of bridge building. 对结构的各种应力和应变的准确特性进行计算，这就叫 应力分析，这或许是桥梁结构中最复杂的技术。
用钢绞线加强的预应力混凝土，其强度达到 250000英镑每平方英寸（17577 kg/c㎡）
Other useful materials for bridges include aluminum alloys and wood.
桥梁使用的其它材料还有铝合金和木材。
Modern structural aluminum alloy have yield strengths exceeding 40,000 psi(2,812 kg/sq cm). 现 在 的 铝 合 金 的 屈 服 强 度 超 过 了 40000 每 平 方 英 寸 （2818 kg/c㎡）。
【必看】2020武汉理工大学英语笔译、口译考研考试科目、招生人数、参考书目、复试分数线
【必看】2020武汉理工大学英语笔译、口译考研考试科目、招生人数、参考书目、复试分数线摘要：本文由新祥旭考研吴老师为大家详细解析武汉理工大学英语笔译、口译考研情况，主要有以下几个板块：武汉理工大学英语笔译、口译考研考试科目、研究方向介绍、本专业近3年复试分数线对比、本专业近3年报录比情况、本专业考研参考书目、往年录取名单及武汉理工大学备考经验。
非全日制笔译、口译：20人招生计划不含“单独考试”、“强军计划”和“少数民族高层次骨干人才计划”，实际录取人数以复试后公布的拟录取结果为准。
（二）复试安排1、报到：2018年3月30日（周五）8:00-12:00，考生报到，资格审查，自主查看笔试及面试考场，缴纳复试费100元，并领取收费收据。
地点：武汉理工大学马房山校区西院鉴湖工大路第四教学楼13楼外国语学院研究生工作办公室。
2、体检：2018年3月30日（周五）上午8:00-11:00。
地点：武汉理工大学马房山校区（东院）校医院。
体检时携带本人二代身份证、一张一寸照片、35元体检费（现金）。
3、加试：2018年3月30日（周五）下午2:30。
地点：外国语学院鉴四13楼会议室。
同等学力（高职高专、本科结业、成人应届本科毕业）、跨专业的考生须参加加试。
具体加试内容为：外国语言学及应用语言学方向加试语言学与翻译，英美文学方向加试英美文学与翻译，翻译专业硕士加试英汉互译；法语语言学方向加试法国文化与翻译，日语语言学方向加试日本文化与翻译；每门考试总分100，加试成绩不计入复试成绩，加试成绩不合格者不予录取。
4、听力测试：2018年3月31日（周六）上午8:30-11:30，地点:工大路鉴四教学楼，具体教室以资格审查时通知为准；所有参加复试的考生必须自备收音机和耳机。
5、口语测试：2018年3月31日（周六）下午2:00-5:30，地点：南湖新区，具体教室以资格审查时通知为准。
6、复试内容：分为听力测试和口语测试。
大学英语 - 武汉理工大学外国语学院
武汉理工大学精品课程《大学英语》课程介绍一、课程简介与特色：课程简介本课程将改革传统单一的语言技能课程模式, 以增强学生的文化意识为先导，以现代教育技术为支撑，将文化知识与语言技能融合起来。
以文化为依托（culture-based)的教学模式强调文化与语言结合，依托学科内容，由技能导向（直接法、口语法、情景法、阅读法、听说法、暗示法、交际法）转向合作学习导向（智能的运用和发展；小组协作、沟通能力的培养），即，以文化为依托+语言+学习技能+认知能力+专业意识+综合素质，逐步构建全新的大学英语课程体系。
坚持互动与协作学习的教学理念以及融人文素质教育于大学英语教学课堂内外的教学实践, 通过我校大学英语精品课网络平台与学生资源共享，在培养学生文化意识，提高学生人文素质的同时，使教学内容得以延伸与拓展。
课堂教学实践中，以问题驱动与输出驱动为导向，指导学生进行有关西方文化主题式阅读，以看原版电影、课外阅读、课堂演讲、表演、讨论等形式，将语言技能的培训与文化素质的培养有机结合起来，全方位提升理工科大学生的综合素质。
课程特色多元模式探究创新教育是一门艺术，艺术的生命在于创新。
在教学中，唯有与时俱进，不断创新，才能使课堂永葆活力。
由于教学中大多数教师勤恳敬业，坚持不懈地潜心研究教学方法，因材施教，因人施教，充分利用新的多媒体技术手段，收到良好的教学效果。
除完成每年既定的授课内容外，从2013年开始，相继率先开出《跨文化交际》、《欧洲文化入门》、《美国社会与文化》、《美国历史与文化》、《第二语言习得》、《西方哲学思辨》等内容依托课程，受到广大师生的欢迎。
更新语言教学理念构建内容依托课程与语言课程融合的课程体系我国大学英语教育的目标定位一直是基础英语，这种一成不变的基础英语定位带来的直接后果就是应试教学，造成学生学习懈怠，教师机械授课，系统上费时低效。
自06年以来，我校大学英语虽然经历了几次改革，但实际采用的教学模式仍然是传统的以语言知识和语言技能为纲。
2023年武汉理工大学学位英语考试真题
2023年武汉理工大学学位英语考试真题全文共10篇示例，供读者参考篇1Title: My Funny Experience at Wuhan University of TechnologyHi guys! I want to share with you all my funny experience when I took the English degree exam at Wuhan University of Technology in 2023. It was super cool, and I'm so excited to tell you all about it!First of all, before the exam, I was really nervous. I studied so hard every day and my brain felt like it was going to explode! But when I got to the exam room, I saw all my friends there and we started chatting and laughing. It made me feel better right away.Then, the exam started and I looked at the first question. Oh my gosh, it was like a monster from outer space! But I took a deep breath and remembered what my English teacher told me: "Just do your best and everything will be okay." So, I started writing and writing and suddenly, the words just flowed out of my brain like magic! I couldn't believe it!After the exam, we all went to celebrate at the school cafeteria. We ate pizza and drank soda and talked about how crazy the exam was. But we all agreed that it was a fun experience and we were proud of ourselves for doing our best.In the end, I got my exam results and guess what? I passed with flying colors! I was so happy and so proud of myself. It just showed me that if you work hard and believe in yourself, you can achieve anything.So, guys, if you ever feel nervous or scared about an exam, just remember to stay positive, relax, and do your best. You got this! And who knows, maybe you'll have a funny experience just like mine at Wuhan University of Technology.That's all for now. Thanks for listening, and remember to keep smiling and never give up on your dreams. Bye-bye!篇2Title: My Experience at the 2023 Wuhan University of Technology English Degree ExamHi everyone! Today I want to tell you all about my experience at the Wuhan University of Technology EnglishDegree Exam in 2023. It was super exciting and a little bit nerve-wracking, but I had a lot of fun too!First of all, the exam was held in a big room with lots of other kids from my school. We all had to bring our pencils and erasers and sit at our own little desks. The exam started with some easy questions, like matching the words with their correct meanings and filling in the blanks with the right words. I felt pretty confident in these parts, so I finished them quickly and moved on to the next section.The next part of the exam was a reading comprehension section. We had to read a story and answer questions about it. The story was about a boy who found a magic mirror that could show him the future. It was really cool and kind of funny too! The questions were a bit trickier this time, but I tried my best to answer them all.After the reading comprehension, we had to write a short essay about our favorite hobby. I wrote about playing soccer with my friends at the park. I talked about how much fun it was and how it kept me active and healthy. I even drew a little picture of me scoring a goal! I hope the examiners liked it.The last part of the exam was a speaking test. We had to stand up in front of the class and talk about a topic of our choicefor two minutes. I chose to talk about my pet dog, Max. I told everyone how cute he was and all the fun things we did together.I was a little nervous at first, but once I started talking, I couldn't stop!Finally, the exam was over and we all waited nervously for our results. After a few days, we got our scores back and I was so happy to see that I had passed! I got a certificate and a medal to show that I had done a great job.Overall, the 2023 Wuhan University of Technology English Degree Exam was a really fun and exciting experience. I learned a lot and had a great time showing off my English skills. I can't wait to see what else I can achieve in the future!That's all for now, thanks for reading! Bye bye!篇3Title: My Experience Taking the 2023 Wuhan University of Technology Degree English ExamHi everyone! My name is Lucy and I'm so excited to tell you all about my experience taking the 2023 Wuhan University of Technology Degree English Exam. It was a big deal for mebecause I've been studying English really hard and I wanted to do my best.First of all, let me tell you about the exam itself. It was held in a big room with lots of other students. There were different sections like reading, writing, listening, and speaking. I was a little nervous at first, but the teachers were really nice and they helped us feel comfortable.The reading section was not too hard for me because I love reading English books. I had to answer questions about the passages and find the main ideas. It was fun because I got to learn new words and improve my reading skills.The writing section was a bit challenging for me because I had to write an essay about my favorite place. I chose to write about a park near my house and I described all the fun things I do there. I also had to write a letter to a friend inviting them to visit the park with me. It was a great opportunity to practice my writing skills.The listening section was really interesting because we had to listen to different conversations and answer questions about them. Some of the conversations were about everyday things like going shopping or having a picnic. It was a good way to improve my listening skills and understand English better.The speaking section was the most nerve-wracking part for me. I had to talk about a topic for a few minutes and answer questions from the teachers. I chose to talk about my favorite hobby which is drawing. I was so happy when I finished because I felt like I did a good job.After the exam was over, I felt relieved and proud of myself for doing my best. I know that no matter what the results are, I worked hard and that's what matters the most.In conclusion, taking the 2023 Wuhan University of Technology Degree English Exam was a great experience for me.I learned a lot, challenged myself, and had fun at the same time. I hope that all my friends who took the exam did well too. I can't wait to see the results and continue improving my English skills.That's all for now, see you next time! Bye-bye!篇4Title: My Experience at the 2023 Wuhan University of Technology Degree English ExamHey everyone! I'm so excited to tell you about my experience at the 2023 Wuhan University of Technology Degree EnglishExam. It was a big day for me because I had been studying so hard for this exam and I really wanted to do my best.The exam had different sections like reading, listening, writing, and speaking. The reading section was a bit tricky because there were some difficult words, but I tried my best to understand the passages and answer the questions. The listening section was fun because we got to listen to different conversations and answer questions about them. I was a bit nervous during the speaking section because I had to talk about a topic for two minutes, but I practiced a lot at home so I felt more confident.In the writing section, we had to write an essay about our favorite hobby. I wrote about playing soccer because it's something I love to do with my friends. I talked about the rules of the game, why I enjoy playing, and some funny moments we've had on the field. I also wrote about how playing soccer helps me stay active and healthy.Overall, the exam was challenging but I'm proud of myself for completing it. I know I worked hard to prepare and I hope my efforts pay off. I can't wait to see my results and hopefully get my degree in English from Wuhan University of Technology. Wish me luck!篇5Title: My Experience of the 2023 Wuhan University of Technology English Degree ExaminationHi everyone! Today, I want to share with you all about my experience of taking the 2023 Wuhan University of Technology English Degree Examination. It was such a big deal for me because I really wanted to do well and make my parents proud. Let me tell you all about it!First of all, the exam had four parts - listening, reading, writing, and speaking. The listening part was a bit tricky because they played recordings at a fast pace and I had to answer questions at the same time. But I tried my best to focus and write down the answers quickly.The reading part was not too hard for me because I love reading English stories and articles. There were some challenging vocabulary words, but I managed to understand them by guessing from the context. I also made sure to read the questions carefully before looking for the answers in the text.Now, let's talk about the writing part. This was probably the most nerve-wracking section for me because I had to write an essay in English. The topic was about my favorite hobby and whyI enjoy doing it. I chose to write about playing soccer because it's something I've been passionate about since I was a kid. I talked about how it helps me relax, stay healthy, and make new friends.I made sure to structure my essay properly with an introduction, body paragraphs, and a conclusion.Lastly, the speaking part was both exciting and scary. I had to talk to the examiner in English about a topic related to daily life. I chose to talk about my last family vacation and what I enjoyed the most about it. I practiced beforehand with my friends and family, so I felt more confident during the actual exam.Overall, the 2023 Wuhan University of Technology English Degree Examination was a challenging but rewarding experience for me. I put in a lot of effort to prepare for it, and I hope that my hard work pays off in the end. I can't wait to see my results and share them with all of you!That's all for now. Thanks for listening to my story, and I hope you enjoyed hearing about my journey through the exam. Good luck to all my fellow students who are also taking exams this year. Let's give it our best shot!篇6Title: My Experience in the 2023 Wuhan University of Technology English Degree ExamHi everyone! I want to share with you my experience in the English degree exam at Wuhan University of Technology in 2023. It was a big deal for me, but I was excited to show what I've learned in my time at the university.The exam had different sections, like reading, writing, listening, and speaking. For the reading part, we had to read a passage and answer questions about it. It was challenging because some of the vocabulary was tricky, but I tried my best to understand the main idea of the text.In the writing section, we had to write an essay about a topic given to us. I wrote about the importance of learning a second language and how it can benefit us in today's globalized world. I talked about my own experiences learning English and how it has opened up new opportunities for me.The listening part was a bit nerve-wracking because we had to listen to recordings and answer questions about them. The speakers spoke really fast, but I tried to focus and catch the main points. It was a good practice for my listening skills.Finally, the speaking section was the most challenging for me. We had to have a conversation with a teacher about a topic and answer some follow-up questions. I was nervous, but I tried my best to speak clearly and express my ideas confidently.Overall, the exam was tough, but I felt proud of myself for giving it my all. I learned a lot from preparing for it, and I know it will help me improve my English skills in the future. I'm excited to see my results and continue my journey in learning English at Wuhan University of Technology.That's all for now! Thanks for listening to my experience in the English degree exam at Wuhan University of Technology in 2023. I hope you enjoyed it! Bye bye!篇7Title: My Fun Adventure at Wuhan University of TechnologyHey guys, it's me again, your friendly neighborhood elementary school student! So guess what? I recently took the English exam at Wuhan University of Technology and let me tell you, it was a blast! The exam was super fun and I can't wait to tell you all about it.First off, the exam started off with a listening section where we had to listen to a bunch of conversations and answer some questions about them. It was pretty easy because the voices were clear and the questions were simple. Then we moved on to the reading section where we had to read a bunch of passages and answer questions about them. Some of the passages were really interesting, like one about robots and another about space travel.After that, we had a writing section where we had to write a short essay about our favorite hobby. I wrote about how much I love playing soccer with my friends and how it always brings me so much joy. I even drew a little picture of me scoring a goal in my essay! It was so much fun to write about something I'm passionate about.Finally, we had a speaking section where we had to talk about a topic for a minute. I chose to talk about my dream of becoming a superhero one day and how I would use my powers for good. It was so cool to imagine myself flying through the sky and saving people in need. I even did a little superhero pose at the end of my speech!Overall, the exam was a great experience and I had so much fun. I can't wait to see how I did and I hope I get a good grade.Maybe one day I'll even come back to Wuhan University of Technology as a real student! Thanks for listening to my adventure, and I'll see you all next time. Bye!篇8Once upon a time in 2023, there was a big test at Wuhan University of Technology. It was the degree English exam and all the students were nervous but excited at the same time. We had been studying for this moment for so long and now it was finally here.The test started at 9am and we had three hours to complete it. The first part was reading comprehension, where we had to read a passage and answer questions about it. Some of the questions were tricky, but I remembered to always go back to the passage to find the answers.Next was the listening section, where we had to listen to a recording and answer questions about it. The voices on the recording spoke really fast, so it was hard to catch all the details. But I tried my best to focus and write down important information.After the listening, it was time for the writing section. This was the part I had been dreading the most. We had to write anessay on a given topic and make sure to use proper grammar and spelling. I wrote about my favorite season, summer, and all the fun activities I like to do during that time.Finally, the last part of the test was the speaking section. We had to stand up in front of the class and talk about a topic for a few minutes. I was so nervous, my hands were shaking, but I took a deep breath and talked about my dream job of becoming a teacher.After the test was over, we all felt relieved but also proud of ourselves for completing such a difficult challenge. We knew that no matter what the results were, we had tried our best and that was all that mattered.In the end, we all passed the test and received our degrees in English. We were so happy and grateful for the opportunity to study at such a great university. The experience taught us that with hard work and determination, anything is possible. And we couldn't wait to see what the future had in store for us.篇9Title: My Experience at the 2023 Wuhan University of Technology Degree English ExamHey everyone! Today I want to tell you all about my experience at the 2023 Wuhan University of Technology Degree English Exam. It was so much fun, but also really challenging!So first things first, on the day of the exam, I woke up super early because I was so excited and nervous at the same time. I had been studying really hard the past few weeks, so I was hoping all that hard work would pay off.Once I got to the exam hall, I saw a bunch of other students also looking super nervous. But we all gave each other encouraging smiles and I knew we were all in this together.The exam started with a listening section, where we had to listen to some conversations and answer questions about them. This part was really tricky because the speakers talked so fast! But luckily I had practiced a lot before the exam, so I think I did okay.Next up was the reading section. We had to read some articles and answer questions about them. Some of the articles were really interesting, like one about new technology trends. I felt like a little detective trying to find the answers in the text!Then came the writing section, which was probably the most challenging part for me. We had to write an essay about a topicof our choice. I chose to write about the importance of education in today's society. It was hard to organize my thoughts at first, but once I started writing, the words just flowed out of me.Finally, we had the speaking section. We had to talk about a random topic for a few minutes. I was so nervous for this part because I'm not really good at public speaking. But I just took a deep breath and started talking about my favorite hobby, reading. I rambled a bit, but I think I got my point across.Overall, the exam was a really great experience. It was challenging, but also really rewarding. I'm so proud of myself for getting through it and I can't wait to see how I did. Fingers crossed for a good grade!And that's it for my experience at the 2023 Wuhan University of Technology Degree English Exam. Thanks for listening, and I hope you all have a great day!篇10Title: My Experience of Taking the 2023 Wuhan University of Technology Degree English ExamHey guys, guess what? I wanna tell you all about my super cool experience of taking the Wuhan University of TechnologyDegree English Exam in 2023. It was so exciting and I can't wait to share it with you!First of all, let me tell you a little bit about the exam. It's a big test that we have to take to get our degree in English at the university. It's really important because it shows how well we can speak, read, and write in English. So, I was super nervous before the exam, but also really excited to show off all the English skills I've been working on.On the day of the exam, I woke up early and had a big breakfast to give me lots of energy. Then, I got all dressed up in my nicest clothes and headed to the exam room. There were lots of other students there, all looking just as nervous as me. But we all cheered each other on and wished each other good luck.The exam itself was divided into different sections. First, we had to do a reading and comprehension part where we had to read a passage and answer questions about it. Then, we had to write an essay on a given topic. I wrote all about my favorite hobby, which is playing soccer. After that, we had a listening test where we had to listen to some audio clips and answer questions. And finally, we had a speaking test where we had to talk about a topic for a few minutes.I won't lie, the exam was really tough! But I tried my best and put all my English skills to the test. I read carefully, wrote neatly, listened attentively, and spoke confidently. I felt really proud of myself for trying so hard and giving it my all.After the exam, I was so relieved and happy that it was over. I knew I had done my best, and that's all I could ask for. Now, all I have to do is wait for the results to come out. I hope I did well and that my hard work pays off.Taking the Wuhan University of Technology Degree English Exam was such an amazing experience. It challenged me, pushed me out of my comfort zone, and made me realize how much I love learning English. I can't wait to see what the future holds for me and my English skills.So, if any of you guys are thinking about taking the exam in the future, don't be scared! Just believe in yourself, study hard, and give it your all. I promise you'll do great and have a fantastic time just like I did.Thanks for listening to my story, guys! I can't wait to share more of my adventures with you soon. Bye for now!。
武汉理工大学土木工程专业英语Review for the Structural Damage Detection
Review for the Structural Damage DetectionLiu ji（College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan Hubei, 430000）The structural damage detection is becoming a hot research subject in the present science and engineering due to its promising prospects of application.1. IntroductionAt present, using non-destructive examination (NDE) method to detect damage status of engineering structures has become a hotspot and difficult issue. In order to detect damage throughout the whole structure, especially some large, complicated structures, a methodology called global vibration-based structural damage detection has been proposed. Its basic principle can be explained as follows. For any structure, it can be taken as a dynamics system with stiffness, mass and damping. Once some damages emerge in the structure, the structural parameters will change, and the frequency-response function and modal parameters of the structural system will also change. Thus, the change of the structural modal parameters can be taken as the signal of early damage occurrence in the structural system.2. Traditional-type structural damage detection methodThe traditional-type refers to detection method for structural damage only utilizing itself mechanics characteristics of structures, such as natural frequencies, modal damping, modal strain energy or modal shapes, etc. However, this kind of method generally requires experimental modal analysis or transfer function measure, and this is very not convenient for online detection of structures in service because these experimental measures often need multifarious instrument or manual operation.The traditional-type vibration-based structural damage detection method is mainly based on the natural vibration characteristics of the structures. For example, the natural frequency or mode shapes. The damage location and severity can be determined through finding difference of structural dynamic characteristics between the intact and damaged structures. The traditional-type damage detection (TTDD) method is equivalent to the determination of structural character in given structural locations. Hence, it is the practical application and development of structural dynamic modification method, which is an inverse problem in structural vibration. Since any change of structural mass or stiffness matrix caused by structural mass or stiffness loss in the given part of the structure will be reflected in the measured natural frequency and mode shape, when the measured data of the natural frequency or mode shape are different from those of the intact system, it indicates the damage emergence in the structural system.3. Modern-type structural damage detection methodThe modern-type methods for structural damage detection, the representative ones include Wavelet analysis, Genetic algorithm (GA) and Artificial Neural Network (NN), etc. Of course, there are still several problems to be investigated and solved in the modern-type method, such as: (1) this method has to rely on the environment excitation to the structures to be detected; (2) the measured signals are possiblycontaminated by noise so that information from tiny damage in structures may be covered by the noise; and (3) the selection and construction of the feature index of structural damage are very flexible and variable. Generally, the structural damage detection can be divided into five levels: (1) identification of damage existence in a structure; (2) localization of damage; (3) identification of the damage type; (4) quantification of damage severity; and (5) prediction of the remaining service life of the structureModern-type vibration-based structural damage detection, also called intelligent damage diagnosis, is a sort of method using online measured structural vibration responses to detect damage. These methods mainly take modern signal-processing technique and artificial intelligence as analysis tools. With well universality and less dependence on structural shape, they are also called intelligent damage diagnosis methods.Wavelet analysis is very suitable to analyse non-stationary signal, so it can be used as a feasible method for processing signal in damage detection to construct the needed feature index of structural damage. Wavelet analysis has got various applications in structural damage detection.The spectrum graph obtained using wavelet transform can indicate the damage existence directly. Rajasekaran and Varghese proposed a wavelet-based approach for structural damage detection in beams, plate and delamination detection of composite plates. The main concept used is the breaking down of the dynamic signal of a structural response into a series of local basis function called wavelets, so as to detect the special characteristics of the structure using scaling and transformation property of wavelets. Lu and Hsu present a study based on the wavelet transform for structural damage detection. Through comparing the discrete wavelet transforms of two sets of vibration signals from the undamaged and damaged structures in the space domain, not only the presence of defects can be detected, but also their number and location as well. To simulate the defects of the structure, they attached several point masses and springs on the string. Numerical results show that even a minor localized defect can induce significant changes in the wavelet coefficients of the vibration signals. Law have derived analytically the sensitivity of wavelet packet transform (WPT) component energy with respect to local change in the system parameters based on the dynamic response sensitivity. The proposed method show both analytically and numerically to be not sensitive to measurement noise. The method can differentiate damages at close proximity to each other with good resolution using a very short duration of measured data from only two sensors. Yan and Yam present the method for online detection of initial damage in a composite laminated plate based on energy variation of structural dynamic responses decomposed using wavelet analysis. This study shows that the constructed structural damage index is basically monotonously changeable with the severity of crack damage in the plates, and is also very sensitive to small damage.。
武汉理工大学英语专业本科生教学计划
武汉理工大学英语专业本科生教学计划Wuhan University of Technology (WUT) English major undergraduate teaching planIntroductionThe English major undergraduate teaching plan at Wuhan University of Technology (WUT) is designed to provide students with a comprehensive and well-rounded education in the English language, literature, and culture. Through a combination of classroom instruction, language practice, and cultural immersion, students will develop the language proficiency, critical thinking skills, and cross-cultural competence necessary for success in a globalized world.Curriculum OverviewThe English major undergraduate program at WUT is afour-year program consisting of a total of 140 credits. The curriculum is divided into two main components: core courses and elective courses.Core courses include:1. English Language Proficiency: This series of courses focuses on developing students' language skills in listening,speaking, reading, and writing. Students will also study English grammar, vocabulary, and pronunciation.2. English Literature: In these courses, students will study major works of English literature from various time periods and genres. They will analyze literary themes, styles, and techniques, as well as the historical and cultural context in which the works were written.3. Cultural Studies: These courses explore various aspects of English-speaking cultures, including history, politics, society, and popular culture. Students will also study intercultural communication and cross-cultural understanding.4. Research Methods: These courses provide students with the necessary skills and knowledge to conduct research in English language and literature. Students will learn how to conduct literature reviews, write academic papers, and present research findings.Elective courses allow students to tailor their education to their interests and career goals. Elective courses cover a wide range of topics, including advanced language study, specialized literature courses, translation and interpretation, and English for specific purposes (ESP).Teaching MethodsThe teaching methods employed in the English major undergraduate program at WUT are student-centered and interactive. In addition to traditional classroom instruction, students also engage in language practice through activities such as group discussions, debates, presentations, and language labs. Cultural immersion is also an important component of the program, with opportunities for study abroad, volunteer work, and internships in English-speaking countries.Assessment and EvaluationStudent performance in the English major undergraduate program is assessed through a combination of exams, essays, presentations, and projects. In addition, students may also be required to complete a thesis or Capstone project in their final year of study. Evaluation is based on a combination of academic achievement, language proficiency, critical thinking skills, and cultural competence.ConclusionThe English major undergraduate teaching plan at Wuhan University of Technology provides students with a solid foundation in English language, literature, and culture. Througha combination of classroom instruction, language practice, and cultural immersion, students develop the skills and knowledge necessary for success in a globalized world. Graduates of the program are well-prepared for a wide range of careers in fields such as education, publishing, international business, and diplomacy.。
2021武汉理工大学外国语言文学考研参考书真题经验
武汉理工大学考研——外国语言文学在得知复试结果之后，我发现我很幸运的被武汉理工大学录取了。
当时很难平复我激动的心情，下面就来和大家分享一些我备考时感受和经验，给以后准备报考武汉理工大学外国语学院的同学做个参考。
619基础英语参考书《新编英语教程》1-6册李观仪上海外语教育出版社，2008年815英语语言学参考书：《语言学教程》（第三版）胡壮麟北京大学出版社，2006年我报考的是外语语言文学专业，那么就先和大家说说英语语言学的情况。
英语语言学这一科的难度系数不大，但是题量个人感觉会偏多了一点，本次考试的题目类型有选择题（国家概况，英美文学知识，语言学，修辞手法），连线题（英美文学作品与作者匹配），阅读理解（6篇），还有其他一些的题型我一时想不起来了，有其他同样报考武汉理工外国语的同学帮忙补充一下哦。
国家概况这一部分我答题做得一般，因为平日没有按照参考书目那一本常耀信的《英语国家概况》去复习，只是草草地看了专八的人文知识，结果碰到好多不确定的题目，在这里建议大家不要像我一样偷懒不看参考书。
修辞手法要简单地了解一下，看看例句什么的，就比较好选择了。
连线题这种题型基本就是送分题，只要你记得作家及对应作品就没问题了，一般情况不会考太偏。
阅读理解的部分难度系数没有特别大，刚好近年考了专八往年试题的一道阅读理解，因为有看到过，原文简略过一遍就选答案了。
二外日语接下来考试的科目是日语。
日语的题型主要是词汇选择，语法选择，阅读理解，翻译。
词汇选择，主要就是给出平假名选汉字或者给出汉字选平假名，词汇的范围应该是标新的初级就没问题了。
选择题的语法比较基础。
阅读理解分几个小片段，每个小片段后边有几个选择题，有些是补词到原文，也有一些是考理解能力的，这一部分需要细心和认真，个人认为全卷最难的就是这一部分了。
最后的翻译，有日译中和中译日两小部分，日译中是一个小片段，不难理解，但要主要语句通顺。
考试时间给出了三个钟，这套题我做了一个钟头，分数是90+，所以难度系数真的不大，大家不要被那些参考书目吓到了，日语考得挺简单的。
武汉理工大学专业英语
动力工程专业英语大作业院系：能源与动动力工程学院指导老师： ###姓名： ###学号： #####专业班级： #####导师： ####2015年 12 月 27日武汉理工大学能源与动力工程学院Application of a multi-zone combustionmodel to investigate the NOx reductionpotential oftwo-stroke marine diesel engines using EGR Author:Raptotasios, SI (Raptotasios, Spiridon I.)[ 1 ] ; Sakellaridis, NF (Sakellaridis, Nikolaos F.)[ 1 ] ; Papagiannakis, RG (Papagiannakis, Roussos G.)[ 2 ] ;Hountalas, DT (Hountalas, Dimitrios T.)[ 1 ]DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2014.12.041Acceptance Date： NOV 1 2015AbstractThe most promising solution for propulsion of marine vessels currently and for the near future is the two-stroke low-speed diesel engines. Despite its advantages, as far as specific fuel oil consumption, power density and reliability is concerned, it suffers from increased NOx emissions mainly because of its low rotational speed. But the upcoming NOx emission legislation (Tier III) in the marine sector requires considerable reduction of NOx emissions towards levels which have not yet been commercially achieved using primary methods. This creates new challenges for the development and application of innovative techniques that could reduce engine's NOx emissions with the lowest possible fuel penalty. This is important considering current and future fuel prices. The large size of the 2-stroke marine engine makes the use of experimental techniques, to investigate this potential, expensive and time consuming. Modelling can significantly contribute towards this effort and result to reduction of research and development cost. Among the most effective in-cylinder techniques for NOx reduction is EGR, a proven technology for smaller engines used in the transport sector. In the present study, it is investigated via modelling, the potential to reduce NOx emissions of two-stroke marine engines using EGR Despite the technological difficulties resulting mainly from the use of Heavy Fuel Oil (HFO), which makes the application of conventional EGR techniques difficult, it is worthwhile investigating the NOx reduction potential, since significant progress has been achieved towards the development of new EGR gas cooling techniques and scrubber technologies for removal of sulphur species from the exhaust gas. The present investigation makes use of an existing well validated multi-zone combustion model, initially developed for high-speed DI dieselengines. The model has been successfully applied in the past, to investigate heavy duty diesel engine NOx reduction via EGR, providing favourable results. Currently it is modified and applied on a two-stroke marine diesel engine using EGR. Model evaluation is based on experimental data acquired from theinternational literature, due to lack of experimental data for 2-stroke engines. The analysis of derived results reveals model's ability to predict both engine performance and NOx emissions but most important the ability to predict the overall effect of EGR on NOx emissions in a qualitatively correct way. The re the strong potential of EGR to control NOx emissions of 2-stroke engines with relatively compared to alternative techniques. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.KeyWords：Multi-zone combustion model; Exhaust Gas Recirculation; NOx emissions; Two-stroke low-speed diesel engine; Engine performance二冲程船用柴油机废气循环应用多区域燃烧模型研究氮氧化物减排的可能性摘要目前和不远的将来最有效的解决海洋船舶的方案是低速二冲程柴油机。
武汉理工大学外国语言文学学科(英语笔译)专业硕士研究生培养方案
外国语言文学学科（英语笔译）专业硕士研究生培养方案（专业代码：055201）一、培养目标本专业培养德、智、体全面发展、能适应全球经济一体化及提高国家国际竞争力的需要、适应国家经济、文化、社会建设需要的高层次、应用型、专业性笔译人才。
二、研究方向1．汉译英 2. 英译汉三、学制、学习年限及学分要求全日制专业学位硕士研究生学制2年，学习年限一般为2年，最长不超过4年。
总学分要求不低于37学分，其中课程总学分要求不低于33学分，学位课程学分不低于20学分。
四、课程设置五、实践环节研究生在学期间必须保证不少于半年的专业实践，可采用集中实践与分段实践相结合的方式。
学生须在第1学期确定论文导师后，在导师指导下制定并提交实践计划；专业实践一般安排在第2、3学期期间进行。
全日制硕士专业学位研究生的实践环节分为课程实践和综合实践两部分。
1. 课程实践：一般在校内实验中心完成，主要进行专业课程实践和技能训练。
课程实践合格者记2学分。
2．综合实践：依托各专业领域的校外实践基地完成，在校内外导师的共同指导下，主要进行专业综合实践和应用能力训练，综合实践合格者记3学分。
以上两个实践环节是全日制硕士专业学位研究生培养过程的必备过程，研究生要提交实践计划，撰写实践总结报告，期间研究生一般应结合专业实践确定学位论文的选题。
实践表现、实践总结报告经导师组成的评定小组评审通过后，研究生可获得相应的学分，同时获准申请进行学位论文答辩。
六、选题报告及中期考核中期考核在学位课程基本完成之后，一般在入学后第3学期结束后进行。
其内容包括检查学位课程学习情况、论文开题计划，目的是对翻译硕士学生的专业学习情况进行全面的考察与评估，特别考查其口笔译的实际操作能力，以确定学生是否有资格进入下一阶段的培养。
选题报告经开题报告考核小组审议通过，学院审定后报研究生院培养处教学管理科。
选题报告通过后记1个必修环节学分。
全日制硕士专业学位研究生参加学校的中期考核。
武汉理工大学专业英语试题-汽车201711-研究生期末试题
Translate the following English into Chinese：The back axle1、The final driveHaving dealt with the mechanical transmission system between the engine and output from the gearbox, we now turn to the three alternative final stages which are live axles, dead axles and axleless transmissions. A live axle is one that either rotates or houses shafts that rotate, while a dead axle is one that does neither, but simply carries at its ends the stub axles on which the wheels rotate.The functions of turning the drive from the propeller shaft through 90°to distribute it to the two wheels, and of reducing the speed of rotation – thus increasing the torque – is performed by the gearing carried in the final drive unit, usually housed in the back axle. For relatively small reductions –up to about 7:1 –single-stage gearing is used; but for greater reductions, two or even three stages may be required, and the gearing for one or more of these stages may be housed in the wheel hubs. The terms single-, double- and triple-reduction axles are therefore used.Generally, the first stage is either a bevel pinion and what is termed the crown wheel, or a worm and worm-wheel, both of which of course turn the drive through 90°. Worm drives have the advantages of silence, either a low drive line or a high ground clearance –according to whether the worm is underslung or overslung relative to the wheel –ease of providing for a through drive to a second axle in tandem with the first, and the fact that a high single-reduction ratio can be readily provided – even as high as 15:1.Bevel and hypoid bevel final drives are, however, far more common because they are less costly to manufacture and have a higher efficiency – the sliding action of worm teeth generates a lot of heat, especially if the gear ratio is high, and makes heavy demands on the lubricant. A hypoid bevel gear is one in which the axes of the crown wheel and the pinion are not in the same plane, and in whichtherefore some sliding action takes place between the meshing teeth. The one advantage is that a low propeller drive line can be obtained, so that the floor, and therefore centre of gravity, of the vehicle can be kept down.2、Single-reduction live axlesAn elementary single-reduction live axle – with a differential –is illustrated diagrammatically in Fig. 1. It has a hollow casing A, which carries on its ends the road wheels B. The weight of the body and load is supported by the casing A through the springs which are attached to the body and to the axle in a manner which will be described later. The casing in turn is supported at its ends by the road wheels. It therefore acts as a beam and is subjected to a bending action as is shown in Fig. 2, where the forces P are the supporting forces supplied by the road wheels, and the forces W are the body load, applied to the casing through the springs. The casing has to be stiff enough to withstand this bending action without undue flexure.Supported in bearings in the casing A is a short shaft D integral with which is a bevel pinion E. The shaft D is coupled by means of a universal or flexible joint, outside the casing, to the propeller shaft and hence to the mainshaft of the gearbox. Inside the casing the bevel pinion E meshes with, and drives, a bevel wheel F which is fixed to a transverse shaft G. This shaft is supported in bearings HH in the casing and is bolted to the hubs of the road wheels B at its outer ends. Obviously, when the pinion shaft D is turned by the propeller shaft the drive is transmitted through the bevel wheel to the transverse shaft G and hence to the road wheels. The road wheels are kept in place on the casing A in the end direction by nuts J and shoulders K of the casing. Although a bevel gear drive is shown, the principle would have been similar – only the gear arrangement different – had a worm drive been used.Fig. 1 Single-reduction axleFig. 23、Torque reactionFrom Fig. 1, it can be seen that the propeller shaft applies to the shaft D a torque which, as it is transmitted through the bevel gearing, is increased in the same ratio as the speed is reduced. This increased torque is then transmitted through the shaft G to the road wheels. From Newton’s third law of motion, we know that action and reaction must be equal and opposite, so not only will this torque tend to rotate the wheel, but also the reaction from the wheel will tend to rotate the shaft G in the opposite sense. Therefore, there will be a tendency for the pinion and its shaft D to swing bodily around the crown wheel, and this tendency will be reacted by the axle casing. Some means therefore must be introduced to prevent the axle casing from rotating in the opposite direction. This may be simply the leaf springsthemselves, or additional links – torque-reaction or radius rods – may be used and will be essential if coil, instead of leaf, springs are employed.Similarly, the axle casing will tend to rotate about the axis of the bevel pinion in a direction opposite to that of rotation of the propeller shaft. However, since the torque transmitted by the propeller shaft is less than that in the driveshafts, it can in most circumstances be reacted satisfactorily simply by the suspension springs.4、Driving thrustAgain, according to Newton’s third law of motion, the driving thrust, or tractive effort, of the road wheels is reacted by the vehicle structure, the reaction being the inertia of the mass of the vehicle if it is accelerating, or rolling resistance of the other axle plus the wind resistance if it is not – the rolling resistance of the tyres of the driving axle involves of course purely local action and reaction. In effect, therefore, the driving axle has to push the carriage unit along, so it must be connected to the structure of the vehicle in such a way that this forward thrust can be transmitted from one to the other. This connection can be either the leaf springs or some other linkage for locating the axle relative to the carriage unit. The relevant members of this linkage are known as thrust members, or radius rods.。
自动化专业英语-1
作业（续）
1. 2.
3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
Translate the following into English. 放大器通常是指利用晶体管来放大电压或电流小信 号的仪器。 带反馈的闭环放大电路的电压增益一般用描述其输 出和输入信号关系的传递函数表示，而与所用运放 的开环增益A 无关。 运放的输入电阻很大而输出电阻很小，非常便于信 号的传递与耦合。 如果输入信号的传输距离远并可能有一些附加的干 扰，差动放大器就特别有用。 在自然界中不牵涉到两个物体，就不会有作用力。 很多实际应用系统中的放大电路都通过级联多级放 大器来提高放大倍数。 人们常说，电脑之所以能解决问题，只是因为给他 们输入了解决问题的“程序”。
第 3 段
A totally general analysis of the Op-Amp is beyond the scope of some texts. We will instead study one example in detail, then present the two Op-Amp laws and show how they can be used for analysis in many practical circuit applications. These two principles allow one to design many circuits without a detailed understanding of the device physics. Hence, Op-Amp are quite useful for researchers in a variety of technical fields who need to build simple amplifiers, but not want to design at the transistor level. In the texts of electrical circuits and electronics they will also show how to build simple filter circuits using OpAmp. The transistor amplifiers, which are the building blocks from which Op-Amp integrated circuit are constructed, will be discussed.
武汉理工大学MTI真题(2015)回忆版
武汉理工大学MTI真题（2015）
1，
基础英语：
选择题20个，几乎清一色的词义辨析，近义词啊形近词啊，没语法。
接着就是两篇选择题的阅读，一篇答案要求不超过10个单词的回答题。
最后就是作文了，题目是“Should Rewards For Doing a Good Deed Be Promoted?”。
注意：专四难度，没有完型和改错题哟~
2，
翻译基础：
~考前我一直在关注今年热词啊时政啊，结果就APEC没辜负我!我真的太自作聪明了!我当时看见好多成语翻译的时候头都大了!词汇翻译好像有GATT,IIB,BUCKINGHAM PALACE,RAINING CATS AND DOGS,CUT-THROAT COMPETITION,IMF，猫哭耗子，精简机构，充耳不闻，绩优股...英译汉是一大篇阅读，但大家不要怕，不难，而且要求翻译的都是句子而不是段落，没有专业术语，我问
了我旁边华科的研友说她们学校考的是经济文章!汉译英是一篇工作对于人的幸福感的重要性，难度也一般吧。
3，百科知识：全是名词解释，别指望有选择题!我又自作聪明了!考前还在狂背雾霾啊宪法啊blabla的，结果是人民大会堂，一带一路，海湾国家，神曲，中世纪，基督教，意大利，夫子庙，科举，陈独秀，郑板桥，洋务运动，明治维新，甲午战争...应用文是你所在的学校今年100年校庆，你以校庆办公室的工作人员给校友写一封450左右的邀请信。
大作文是“上善若水，水善利万物而不争。
”根据我国的外交方针政策之类的写一篇现代文，题目自理，800字左右。
注意：大家一定要把握好时间哦。
(英专考研)武汉理工大学外国语言文学考研基本情况
武汉理工大学外国语言文学考研基本情况介绍以上是武汉理工大学的专业目录，该校的一个大致的报录比如下：去年以前报考人数：100人左右，录取人数：<20人，去年以後报考人数：200多人，录取人数：26人。
武汉理工大学是教育部直属全国重点大学，是国家"211工程"重点建设的大学之一。
其外国语学院现有“外国语言文学”一级学科硕士点1个，“外国语言学及应用语言学”、“英语语言文学”、“法语语言文学”、“日语语言文学”4个二级学科硕士点和1个翻译专业硕士点。
英语专业获批为国家级一流本科专业建设点。
单从院校名气来讲，很适合那些有名校情结的同学报考。
武汉理工大学外国语言文学初试考察科目包括：政治，二外，基英，英美文学或英语语言学，这对于只想考文学或只想考语言学的同学来讲是一个不错的选择，这样的考查方式大大减少考生的备考压力，接下来分别介绍各科备考的大致情况。
政治：政治不需要开始太早，暑假期间开始着手准备，每天花两小时足以。
主要用书: 肖秀荣精讲精练、肖秀荣1000题、肖秀荣形势与政策、肖秀荣4套卷和8套卷，徐涛小黄书背诵版。
备考计划：7—9月每天看一节精讲精练，看完后做对应的1000题，快的话9月份之前1000题可以做完一遍。
9—10月份1000题刷第二遍（1000题最少刷两遍，有时间建议三遍）。
11月份开始背诵徐涛的冲刺背诵笔记，边背边刷八套卷（八套卷只需要掌握选择题，大题不需要背诵，看一下答题思路即可）同时肖秀荣形势与政策也可以开始看了，不需要背诵，只需要多看几遍有个印象就可以。
12月份继续复习背诵笔记，同时开始刷4套卷（选择题一定要掌握，大题一定要全部背下来）。
总结: 政治大题背肖秀荣4套卷，选择题刷1000题，有时间的话可以买市面上各种试卷刷选择题。
二外法语：武汉理工大学的法语题型主要是阅读、完型、单项选择、法译汉和作文。
法语翻译偏政治方向，比如去年的翻译就是中美法三国关系。
学校参考书目:简明法语教程上下两册，练习册要做，单项选择会有上面的原题。
武汉理工大学英语试题(工程硕士)
武汉理工大学英语试题(工程硕士)work Information Technology Company.2020YEAR武汉理工大学考试试题纸Part Ⅰ. Vocabulary (0.5 × 30)Directions: In this section there are 10 sentences. Each of the sentences has an underlined part. For each sentence there are 4 choices marked A,B,Cand D. Choose the one that best keeps the meaning of the underlined part. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.1.The market management in this city needs to be reinforced by an effective law.A.investigatedB.resistedC.strengthenedD.operated2.This airport is notorious for its bad security.A.appealingB.memorableC.conversingD.infamous3.Further investigation conducted by a group of experts revealed previously hiddenfacts.A.uncoveredB.explainedC.behavedD.encouraged4.Real-life impressions of nature are more memorable than any lesson children canextract from a book.A.evaporateB. deriveC.rewardD.exhort5.Students will find how wind direction and intensity shift at different attitudes.A. enjoyB.exploreC.removeD.change6.She suddenly recalled that her blanket had been taken away.A. releasedB.rememberedC.reassuredD.relieved7.When he checked in a hotel ,it was already nine o’clock in the evening.A. inspectedB.registeredC.realized D .departed8.He expressed his gratitude to her for her favorable help with the experiment.A. congratulationsB.sphereC.thanksD.sympathy9.They spent 3 days in the desert without water, and they could not endure muchlonger.A. faceB.sufferstD.survive10.His concern forbids him to leave the house at such a time.A. persuadesB.permitsC.suspendD.prohibits11.If these bad weather conditions persist ,the game will be cancelled.A. stayB.continueC.permitD.insist12.Steps must be taken to reduce administration costs.A. governmentB.managementanizationD.instruction13.The economy grew at its fastest rate since 1980 owing to a boom in world trade.A. a birthB.an improvementC.a beginnigD.an increase14.The play was a great success, and it was all thanks to the effort and commitmentof everyone involved.A.because ofB.despite ofC.subject toD.attribute to15.Approximately 113,000 bicycles were reported stolen last yeat.A.TotallyB.ExactlyC.RoughlyD.Actually16.In many Russian cities basic foodstuffs are unavailable.A.not obtainableB.not eatableC.not suitableD.not producible17.You are legally entitled to take faulty goods back to the store where you boughtthem.A.have the right toB.have the title toC.have the honor toD.have the pleasure to18.He came out with such a(n) elaborate excuse that I didn’t quite believe him.A.goodB.beautifulC.detailedD.fine-sounding19.Everything will ultimately depend on what is said at the meeting with thedirectors next week.A.practicallyB.mainlyC.repeatedlyD.finally20.In theory ,the journey ought to take three hours ,but in practice it usually takesfour because of roadwork.A.FactuallyB.In factC.TheoreticallyD.In practice21.As more mations acquire nuclear weapons ,the necessity for preventing warbecomes imperative.A.exigentB.superiorC.statisticD.effective22.Some stores make a survey of all goods and materials in their stock once a monthso as to speed up their inventory liquidating.A.inventionB.stockC.discoveryD.capital23.It is useful occasionally to look at the past to gain a perspective on the future .A.aspectB.respectiveC.abilityD.outlook24.Because of his mischievous deeds towards his classmate,the child was hauled up before the principal.A.calledB.shoutedC.beatenD.scolded25.He lived in the most penurious manner,and denied himself every indulgence.A.luxuriousB.pitifulC.strictD.frugal26.He has committed such a blunder,no one can save him this time.A.madeB.metC.ceasedD.created27.Sophisticated edit facilities allow complicated musical forms to be created.A.ExpensiveB.High qualityC.Cleverplicated28.He was escorted by a group of soldiers under the command of Sarsfield.A.safe-guardedB.capturedC.arrestedD.lead29.The young man dreamed that a rich relative would die and leave him a legacy.A.heritageB.willC.houseD.lot of money30.Joy was now having her hair done,seated on a mat on the floor.A.chairB.benchC.small carpetD.stoolPart Ⅱ. Multiple Choices(0.5×20)31.He walked into the restaurant it had belonged to him.A.likeB.as ifC.so thatD.if32.Don’t eat that fruit it is ripe .A.unlessB.in caseC.ifD.so that33.He insured his car he had an accident.A.unlessB.ifC.in caseD.since34. we can make laws to protect certain animals,we are frequently incapable of controlling the enviroment.A.Ever ifB.WhateverC.AfterD.However35. you understand this rule ,you’ll have difficulty.A.WhileB.OnceC.ThoughD.Unless36. inspected this radio,he should have put his identification number on the box.A.ThatB.No matter whoC.WhaterverD.Whomever37.Although happened in that developed country sounds like science fiction,itcould occur elsewhere in the world.A.whatB.whichC.howD.itst week he promised today ,but he hasn’t arrived yet.A.that he would comeB.what would he comeC.which he came D .that he would have come39.His family had almost forgotten like.A.how his face wasB.which was his faceC.what his face wasD.that his face was40.It is obvious on more important things.A.which the money should we spendB.what the money should we spendC.that the money should we spendD.that we should spend the money41.At about the same time ,doctors began to understand together.A.which went dirt and diseaseB.what went dirt and diseaseC.that dirt and disease wentD.that did dirt and disease go42.These exercises are different fromA.that you expectB.what do you expectC.what you expectD.which you expect43. will be known tomorrow.A.If the flower will be blackB.When will the flower beC.Whether the flower is blackD.Whether is the flower black44.Not one of us has a clear idea about to do.A.that the others wantB.what the others wantC.which do the others wantD.what do the others want45.I will let you know the meeting will be held.A.whichB.whereC.whatD.that46.I would gladly have attended your wedding if youA.would have invited meB.invited meC.could have invited meD.had invited me47.Jean would go to New York City, but she money mow .A.hadn’t haveB.would not haveC.has noD.would have48. ,he would help us without any hesitation.A.Were he hareB.Was he hereC.If he is hereD.Is he here49.But for the rain,we our destination before 5 yesterday.A.would have reachedB.reachedC.had reachedD.should reach50. Without water ,there no plants on the earth.A.would haveB.would beC.were to beD.werePart Ⅲ Reading Comprehension (2 × 20)Passage 1Two men on a touring holiday of Britain were injured by an explosion in their motor van in the center of Norwich yesterday.Shoppers ,traders and businessmen in Red Lion Street were shocked by a loud bang,and seconds later the two men jumped over from the vehicle. Several people rushed to give assistance and helped to put out the fire inside the vehicle.“I heard this explosion .It was pretty loud. I thought it could have been a bomb.”said Mr.Leslie Webster, manager of the market ,who was working in his office in Red Lion Street.”I looked out of the window and saw this lad leap from the van and roll on the ground. Then another lad came out of the van. He seemed to be in a worse state--parts of his trousers were hanging below his knee.”Anyhow they two just got minor burns.“I came downstairs to get a fire extinguisher, but by the time I got outside someone from the bank was in the van with an extinguisher.”Mr.Webster, who lives at 71,Trinity Sereet,Norwich ,said both victims were shocked. One was taken into the market’s office to await an ambulance.”The second man insisted on going back into the van to see if everything was all right,and five minutes later he came out with a drawer that was blazing.”he added.The explosion was also heard inside the bank. Staff provided a fire extinguisher and telephoned for an ambulance.Although a plastic window was blown out ,damage inside the vehicle was mainly superficial.The two men have spent the last six months touring the Continent and has traveled to Norwich from Snetterton.At the time of the accident their wives were shopping in the city.51.The two men in the vanA.were unhurtB.were slightly hurtC.wer shocked and badly injuredD.needed a long-time treatment52.The word “leap” (Para. 3) most probably meansA.jump overB.step upC.fall downD.get out53.In Mr.Webster’s opinion ,the explosionA.was almost a bombB.wasn’t a bombC.was like a bombD.was a bomb54.In the accident .A.the bank was blown outB.the van was completely destroyedC.everything in the van was all rightD.the van was burned55.Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?A.Mr.Webster saw what had happened.B. Mr.Webster helped to put out the fire.C..Mr. Webster didn’t take a fire extinguisher to the van.D. Mr.Webster wanted to help in the accident but he didn’t have a chance. Passage 2It was September of 1620 when their ship ,called the “Mayflower” left port with 102 men,women and children on board.This was the worst season of the year for an ocean crossing ,and the trip was very uneven.After sixty-five days at sea,she landed in Provincetown Harbor,Massachusetts.The Pilgrim(清教徒) leaders knew that they were in unsettled territory which had no governing body.They also knew that in order to survive,every society needed a means of establishing and enforcing proper rules of conduct .Partly to protect themselves from others ,forty-one men aboard the ship held a meeting to choose their first governor and sign the historic Mayflower agreement,the first one for self-government in America.For about a month longer,the Pilgrims lived aboard ship and sent out parties to explore the costline of the bay. They found a harbor ,and cleared land ,which was an Indian village,but a disease a few years earlier had killed the entire Indian ing ashore in their small boat ,the Pilgrims landed on a large rock later named Plymouth Rock.This was the beginning of the second permanent English settement in America.The Pilgrims were poorly trained and poorly equipped to cope with life in the wilderness.During their first winter in the new land ,they suffered a great deal.Poor food ,hard work,diseases,and bitterly cold weather killed about half of them.By the end of this terrible first winter,only about fifty Plymouth colonists remained alive.One spring morning in 1621,an Indian walked into the little village of Plymouth and introduced himself in a friendly ter he brought the Indian chief ,who offered assistance.The Indians taught the Pilgrims how to hunt fish ,and grow food.Because of this help from the Indians ,the Pilgrims had a good harvest.Then the first Thanksgiving dinner was cooked and served out –of –doors ,and the holiday wasa great success.56.Which of the following well describes their trip?A.Happy and smoothB.Uncomfortable and roughC.Uncomfortable but smoothD.Uneven and exciting57.They decided to sign an agreement because .A.they needed rules for self-protectionB.they wanted everyone to be a good personC.they needed a governorD.it was unsettled country58.They stayed aboard for a month because .A.they were waiting for some helpB.they were afraid of IndiansC.they had to make some preparations ashoreD.they needed to make small boats59.In the first winter,the PilgrimsA.had a good timeB.had a big harvestC.had a fight with IndiansD.had a hard time60.The relationship between the Pilgrims and the Indians could be best described as .A.very hostileB.indifferentC.friendlyD.impartialPassage 3The early days of 1942 were dark ones.American troops were bravely trying to hold the Philippine Islands .But island after island fell to the Japanese.The Americans were driven back until all they held was the small island of Corregidor,where was the Philippine government’s gold and lions upon millions of pesos piled up there.It soon was clear that Corregidor was going to fall..The money could not be left there for the enemy.Hastily the gold and some of the silver were loaded on a small ship.Then a strange job was begun:two hundred million dollars of paper money were burned.Nearly sixteen million silver pesos were left,and there was no way to get it to the United States.So it was decided to dump it into the ocean.A ship made trip after trip back to the dock to pick up the silver and dump it in the south Channel.Only three men knew the exact spot where the pesos were dumped.Unfortunately the men were killed in the war.In 1945,the U.S.armed forces decided to find the silver.For a month ,the divers went over the site where most of the silver was thought to have been buried.They covered the bottom inch by inch and found no pesos.Then came a hint.A group of men had gone on an illegal treasure hunt of their own.They had found some five thousand pesos.A Filipino who had led the group was caught ,and he showed where he found the silver.The search went on day after day for ten months.By then the pesos were getting too hard to find. The Army and Navy decided they had done well enough.Some one third of the total had been recovered.In 1946 the new Philippine government gave licenses to anyone who wanted to search for the missing pesos.Some treasure hunters brought up hundreds and hundreds of pesos for their own.Now 1,678,000 pesos are still in the channel mud .The search is probably going on right at this moment.But ,as one of the divers said,“They’ll likely be diving for those pesos for a hundred years to come.”61.Why was the Corrigidor Island important?A.Because the American troops were stationedB.Because it was a part of the Japanese island.C.Because there were millions of pesos there.D.Because it was the last island for the Philippines62.What was the decision for the silver pesos?A.They were to be shipped to the United States.B.They were to be buried in the islandC.They were to be hidden in a Japanese island.D.they were to be dropped in the sea.63.Who first discovered the spot of dropped pesos?A. A FilipinoB.An AmericanC.A diverD. A Japanese64.How much of the silver was found by the American armed forces?A.40%B.30%C.60%D.90%65.Which of the following is true?A.Since 1946,no one is allowed to hunt for the silver.B.Nobody has found pesos since 1945.C.After 1946,people could find the silver by themselves.D.Searching for the silver is illegal.Passage 4Regular child care provided outside home or by someone other than the mother does not in itself undermine (削弱)healthy emotional connections between mothers and their 15-month –old infants ,according to a long-term national study.The finding holds even if care begins during the first 3 months after birth and runs for 30 hours or more per week.Among infants who receive unkind and unresponsive care from their mothers,,however,the mother-child relationship may be damaged.“This research helps us put apart complexities regarding child care that have not previously been studied in detail,”contends Jay Belsky,a psychologist at Pennsylvania State University.Belsky and several of his colleagues announced their findings last week at the international conferenece.The investigation consists of 1,153 children and their families living in or near Boston.The youngsters ,no more than 1month old when they entered the study in 1991,will be tracked until the age of 7.Experimenters administered questionnaires to mothers in their homes and videotaped baby caretakers interacting with the kids at ages 1,6,and 15 months. Independent observers rated the quality of each child care efforts and noted infant nervousness.Unlike most previous studies ,this one allows researchers to observe each caretaker’s personality at child nursing ,and kids’emotional reaction by the equipment.After taking family factors into account,other psychologist state that the researchers found no relation between the quality of child care and infants’response.But the experimenters contend that the boys who spent more than 30 hours per week in child care exhibited more emotion for their mothers than other boys who didn’t ,and the girls who spent the same hours per week in child care showed a modest rise in this emotion.Therefore ,quality of child care outside home plays an important role in the connection between mothers and infants.66.From the first paragraph we know that .A.mother care is the best according to a national studyB.child care outside home is the best in accordance with the studyC.regular child care outside home may play a role as a motherD.connections between mothers and infants are damaged by outside care67.Accordign to the passage,unresponsive care from a mother may .A.ruin a kid’s growthB.harm the mother--child tieC.injure a baby’s emotional reactionD.spoil a child’s personality68.Jay Belsky implies that the study of child care .A.was never carried out in the pastB.was not much done in detail in the pastC.was greatly ignored by psychologists and researchersD.was interesting ,but very difficult to make discovery69.The main difference between the investigation and the previous ones is that .A.the researchers started with only one month old infantsB.the observers could rate the quality of child care efforts and analyzed them soonC.the researchers were able to give the questionnaires to mothers in their homesD.video equipment enabled researchers to observe what was happening directly70.The girls who received the same hours of child care outside home as the boysdemonstrated .A.a little more emotion for their mothersB.less emotion for their mothersC.a modest rise in the mental developmentD.a slight decline in the personality developmentPartⅣ.Cloze(10%)Directions:There are 20 blanks in the following passage.For each blank there are four choices marked A),B),C),D)on the right side of the paper,You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage.Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.It’s an annual back-to–school routine.One morning you wave goodbye,and that 71 evening you’re burning the late-night oil in sympathy.In the race to improve educational standards, 72 are throwing the books at kids. 73 elementary school students are complaining of homework 74 .What’s a well-meaning parent to do? As hard as 75 may be , sit back and chill,experts advise. Though you’ve got to get them to do it , 76 helping too much, or even examing 77 too carefully ,you may keep them 78 doing it by themselves.“I wouldn’t advise a parent to check every 79 assignment ,”says psychologist John Rosemond ,author of Ending the Tough Homework.“There’s a 80 of appreciation for trial and error.Let your children 81 the grade they deserve.”Many experts believe parents should gently look over the work of younger children and ask them to rethink their 82 .But “you don’t want them to feel it has to be 83 ,”she says.That’s not to say parents should 84 homework –first,they should monitor how much homework their kids 85 .Thirty minutes a day in the early elementary years and an hour in 86 four,five,and six is standard,says Rosemond.For junior –high students it should be “ 87 more than an hour and a half”, and two for high-school students.If your child 88 has more homework than this ,you may want to check 89 other parents and then talk to the teacher about 90 assignment.71. A)very B)exact C)right D)usual72. A) officials B)parents C)experts D) schools73. A)Also B) Even C)Then D) However74. A)fatigue B) confusion C)duty D)puzzle75. A)there B) we C) they D)it76. A)via B) under C) by D) for77. A)questions B) answers’ C)standards D) rules78. A)off B)without C)beyond D) from79. A)single B) piece C) page D)other80. A)drop B)short C) cut D) lack81. A)acquire B) earn C)gather D) reach82. A)exercises B) defects C) mistakes D)tests83. A)perfect B) better C) unusual D)complete84. A)forget B)refuse C)miss D)ignore85. A)have B) prepare C)make D) perform86. A)classes B) groups C)grades D)terms87. A)about B)no C)much D)few88. A)previously B) rarely C)merely D) consistently89. A)with B)in C)out D)up90. A)finishing B) lowering C)reducing D) decliningPartⅤ: Translation(10%)Section A (5% )Directions :Read the following passage carefully. Then translate it into English. Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.在过去的10年中，中国的经济发生了巨大的变化。
机械工程专业英语(武汉理工大学版)
材料和热加工机械学的基本概念功是力乘以该力作用在物体上使物体移动的距离。
功用公斤·米来表示。
1公斤·米等于1公斤力作用于物体上使物体移动1米的距离。
例如，一项工作需要提升一台300公斤重的设备到两米半高的卡车上，那么就需要750公斤·米的功。
由于没有一个人能直接举升300公斤重，因此必须使用一种装置去调节所需要的可以控制的作用力。
常见的装置是一个斜面——在这个例子中，一个倾斜在地面和卡车之间的承载斜板，如果斜板有10米长，摩擦力忽略，那么就需要75公斤的力将机器滚上斜板。
总功仍然是750公斤·米（用75公斤乘以10米），但作用力已经被改变，于是乎其所需的最大外力仅仅是75公斤。
使所需的作用力减少，同时这个较小的作用力使所通过的距离增加，这样的装置被称为力放大器。
机器装置也可放大速度和距离。
扫帚就是一个速度和距离放大器的例子。
因为它把在手柄上输入的力和距离在扫帚的尾部转变成较小的力和较长的距离。
由于与输入距离的同样时间里扫帚的尾部走过较大的距离，因此其速度也就增加了。
机器装置除了放大力和距离之外，也能改变运动的方向。
效率和机械效益是用来测定机械装置性能的。
效率定义为输出的相对有用的机械功，它以占输入功的百分率来表示。
效率总是要比100％小，因为运动零件之间有摩擦损失。
像刚才所举的那部机器的例子那样，如果某些人把该机器滚上斜板，他们可能发现那要花84公斤的力。
这9公斤的差额就是需去克服滚子和轴承阻力的力。
在这种情况下该机器装置将具有89％的效率。
如果他们在没有滚子情况下，把冷冻机滑移上斜板，所需的力可能是215公斤或更大，那么效率就小于35％。
理想机械效益是忽略摩擦损失并等于输入力移动的距离除以负载移动的有效距离。
作为力放大装置，输入的距离要比负载的距离大，而理想的机械效益是比1要大的。
在承载斜板例子中，该理想机械效益是4，因为该输入距离是10米，（斜板长度）而有效负载移距是2.5米（该负载移动的垂直距离）。
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动力工程专业英语大作业院系：能源与动动力工程学院指导老师： ###姓名： ###学号： #####专业班级： #####导师： ####2015年 12 月 27日武汉理工大学能源与动力工程学院Application of a multi-zone combustionmodel to investigate the NOx reductionpotential oftwo-stroke marine diesel engines using EGR Author:Raptotasios, SI (Raptotasios, Spiridon I.)[ 1 ] ; Sakellaridis, NF (Sakellaridis, Nikolaos F.)[ 1 ] ; Papagiannakis, RG (Papagiannakis, Roussos G.)[ 2 ] ;Hountalas, DT (Hountalas, Dimitrios T.)[ 1 ]DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2014.12.041Acceptance Date： NOV 1 2015AbstractThe most promising solution for propulsion of marine vessels currently and for the near future is the two-stroke low-speed diesel engines. Despite its advantages, as far as specific fuel oil consumption, power density and reliability is concerned, it suffers from increased NOx emissions mainly because of its low rotational speed. But the upcoming NOx emission legislation (Tier III) in the marine sector requires considerable reduction of NOx emissions towards levels which have not yet been commercially achieved using primary methods. This creates new challenges for the development and application of innovative techniques that could reduce engine's NOx emissions with the lowest possible fuel penalty. This is important considering current and future fuel prices. The large size of the 2-stroke marine engine makes the use of experimental techniques, to investigate this potential, expensive and time consuming. Modelling can significantly contribute towards this effort and result to reduction of research and development cost. Among the most effective in-cylinder techniques for NOx reduction is EGR, a proven technology for smaller engines used in the transport sector. In the present study, it is investigated via modelling, the potential to reduce NOx emissions of two-stroke marine engines using EGR Despite the technological difficulties resulting mainly from the use of Heavy Fuel Oil (HFO), which makes the application of conventional EGR techniques difficult, it is worthwhile investigating the NOx reduction potential, since significant progress has been achieved towards the development of new EGR gas cooling techniques and scrubber technologies for removal of sulphur species from the exhaust gas. The present investigation makes use of an existing well validated multi-zone combustion model, initially developed for high-speed DI dieselengines. The model has been successfully applied in the past, to investigate heavy duty diesel engine NOx reduction via EGR, providing favourable results. Currently it is modified and applied on a two-stroke marine diesel engine using EGR. Model evaluation is based on experimental data acquired from theinternational literature, due to lack of experimental data for 2-stroke engines. The analysis of derived results reveals model's ability to predict both engine performance and NOx emissions but most important the ability to predict the overall effect of EGR on NOx emissions in a qualitatively correct way. The re the strong potential of EGR to control NOx emissions of 2-stroke engines with relatively compared to alternative techniques. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.KeyWords：Multi-zone combustion model; Exhaust Gas Recirculation; NOx emissions; Two-stroke low-speed diesel engine; Engine performance二冲程船用柴油机废气循环应用多区域燃烧模型研究氮氧化物减排的可能性摘要目前和不远的将来最有效的解决海洋船舶的方案是低速二冲程柴油机。
就燃油消耗率,功率密度和可靠性而言,它有优势，但由于较低的转速会加剧氮氧化物颗粒的形成。
但即将到来的氮氧化物排放立法(第三层)在海洋领域需要相当大的减少氮氧化物的排放对水平的主要方法尚未商业化实现使用。
创新技术的开发和利用,能减少发动机的氮氧化物排放最低的燃料处罚标准。
考虑燃油当前和未来的价格是很重要的。
大型二冲程柴油机使用实验技术去调查它的潜力，这既浪费金钱又浪费时间。
造型可以显著促进对这一努力和结果减少研究和开发成本。
最有效的缸内技术减少氮氧化物是苛刻的,小排量的成熟技术,用于在运输部门。
在目前的研究中,它是通过造型,调查的潜在减少氮氧化物排放二冲程船用引擎使用废气循环尽管技术产生的困难主要来自使用重油(高频振荡器),这使得传统的应用废气循环技术困难,值得调查氮氧化物还原电位,自取得重大进展向新的苛刻的气体冷却技术的发展和洗涤器技术去除废气的硫物种。
目前调查利用现有的验证分域燃烧模型,最初为高速DI 柴油机的开发。
模型已成功应用于过去,探讨重型柴油机氮氧化物减少通过废气循环技术提供有利的结果。
目前它被修改和应用二冲程船用柴油机使用苛刻的。
模型的评估是基于实验数据获得国际文学,由于缺乏实验数据为二冲程。
派生的分析结果揭示了模型预测发动机性能和氮氧化物排放的能力但最重要的是能够预测废气循环对氮氧化物排放的总体效果正确定性。
关键词：多区域燃烧模型；废气循环；氮氧化物颗粒；大型低速船用二冲程柴油机；发动机性能Analytical Framework to EvaluateEmission Control Systems for MarineEnginesAuthor:Jayaram, VaralakshmiAcceptance Date:2010Series:UC Riverside Electronic Theses and DissertationsDegree:Ph.D., Chemical and Environmental EngineeringUC RiversideAdvisor(s):Cocker, David RCommittee:Miller, J Wayne, Norbeck, JosephAbstractEmissions from marine diesel engines are mainly uncontrolled and affect regional airquality and health of people living near ports. Many emission control strategies areevolving to reduce these emissions and their impacts. This dissertation characterizes the effectiveness of new technologies for reducing NOx and PM2.5 emissions from a range of marine diesel engines. Researchers, regulators and policy makers require these characterizations to develop emission inventories and suitable mitigation strategies. KeyWords：marine diesel engines；emission；new technologies；mitigation strategies船用柴油机排放控制系统的分析框架摘要船用柴油机的排放主要是控制和影响港口附近居住的人区域空气质量和健康。