冷战结束后的美苏关系和布什政府对苏政策

Charles Krauthammer an American columnist, author, political commentator
Charles Krauthammer "The Unipolar Moment"
Foreign Affairs, 1990/1991
Part II America’s evaluation of world situation
Francis Fukuyama an American political
Francis Fukuyama
scientist
"The End of History?"
The National Interest, Summer 1989
Part II America’s evaluation of world situation
neoisolationism : a retreat from global leadership
The US would distance itself politically, diplomatically, and militarily from the affairs of the great powers in Europe and Asia.
The US was capble of putting its moral principles into practice. 4. The “peace dividend” stemming from the collapse of the Cold
War could be used to ensure the continued spread of democratic institutions and to solve transnational problems.
Tanks in Moscow's Red Square during the 1991 coup attempt
Part I The End of the Cold War
4. On 1 December , voters in Ukraine, overwhelmingly voted to secede from the Soviet Union in a referendum. This ended any realistic chance of keeping the Soviet Union together.
2. Boris Yeltsin, then president of the Soviet Russia, rallied the people and much of the army against the coup and the coup failed. Although restored to power, Gorbachev's authority had been undermined
Solidarity (Polish Trade Union) Chairman Lech Walesa with US President George H. W. Bush
Berlin War at Brandenburg Gate
revolutionaries on the streets during the Romanian Revolution of 1989
"Clash of Civilizations"
" It is my hypothesis that the fundamental source of conflict in this new world will not be primarily ideological or primarily economic. The great divisions among humankind and the dominating source of
Part I The End of the Cold War
Disintegration of the Soviet Union
1. a group of Soviet hard-liners represented by Vice-President Gennadi Yanayev launched a coup attempting to overthrow Gorbachev in August 1991("八一九事件”）
Part II America’s evaluation of world situation
"the End of History"
"What we may be witnessing is not just the end of the Cold War, or the passing of a particular period of postwar history, but the end of history as such: that is, the end point of mankind's ideological evolution and the universalization of Western liberal democracy as the final form of human government."
5. On 8 December, Yeltsin met with his counterparts from Ukraine and Belarus and signed the Belavezha Accords, declaring that the Soviet Union had ceased to exist. Gorbachev denounced this as illegal, but he had long since lost any ability to influence events outside of Moscow.
conflict will be cultural. Nation states will remain the most powerful actors in world affairs, but the principal conflicts of global politics will occur between nations and groups of different civilizations."
Samuel Huntington, an an influential conservative
political scientist
Samuel Huntington "The Clash of Civilizations?" Foreigh Affairs, Summer 1993
Part II America’s evaluation of world situation
Part II America’s evaluation of world situation
"Unipolar Moment"
"The most striking feature of the post-Cold Warr world is its unipolarity." "The proliferation of weapons of mass destruction and their means of delivery will constitute the greatest single threat to world security for the rest of our lives."
The End of the Cold War America's Evalution of World Situation
Bush's Post-cold War Strategy
张漫漫 Post-WWII U.S. Diplomatic History
24 Nov. 2014
Part I The End of the Cold War
Patrick Buchanan, an American conservative political commentator, author, columnist, politician
Part II America’s evaluation of world situation
liberal internationalism
1. military invasion and humanitarian aid 2. global free trade, liberal economy and liberal political systems 3. The time was right for a constructive US role in world politics.
Bush Administration's foreign policy conservatism pragmatism
Part III Bush's Post-cold War Strategy
George Herbert Walker Bush
1.the 41st President of the United States(1989–1993) a Republican 2. enlisted in the US Navy during the WWII 3. entered the oil business 4. US representative to the United Nations 1971 5. Chief of the U.S. Liaison Office in China 1974 6. Director of CIA 1976 7. Vice president 1981-1989 8. US President 1989-1993
(i) Western, (ii) Latin American, (iii) Islamic, (iv) Sinic (Chinese), (v) Hindu, (vi) Orthodox, (vii) Japanese, and (viii) African
Part III Bush's Post-cold War Strategy
Gorbachev Reforms(1986-1990)
1. Perestroika ("restructuring") quota system relaxation private ownership foreign investmenr
2. glasnost ("openness") multi-party system freedom of speech transparency of state institutions
3. outcome: a thev in 1987
Part I The End of the Cold War
Revolutions of 1989
protests beneath the monument in Czechoslovakia's Wenceslas Square
Part II America’s evaluation of world situation
strategies
1. "the End of History" 2. neoisolationism 3. campaign of liberal internationalism 4. "Unipolar Moment" 5. "Clash of Civilizations"
Part I The End of the Cold War
6. Gorbachev resigned as Soviet president on 25 December The Soviet Union dissolved itself the next day
Gorbachev resigned on 25 December