高考语法考点一轮复习讲义 专题07 动词的时态和语态(精讲深剖)(解析版)
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专题07 动词的时态和语态—精讲深剖
一.语法填空
1.(2019全国I卷)In recent years some Inuit people in Nunayut _____ (report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a belief that populations are increasing.
【答案】have reported
【解析】考查时态。根据上下文语境,尤其是时间状语in recent years可知,主句用现在完成时态,故填have reported。
2.(2019全国II卷)Picking up her“Lifetime Achievement”award,proud Irene ______(declare) she had no plans to retire from her 36-year-old business.
【答案】declared
【解析】考查谓语动词。根据上下文可知,该句主语为Irene,此处为谓语成分,根据后文had 以及said 可知用一般过去时态,故填declared。
3.(2019全国III卷)Our hosts shared many of their experiences and _____(recommend)wonderful places to eat,shop,and visit.
【答案】recommended
【解析】考查一般过去时态。句意:我们的主人跟我们分享了很多他们的经历并推荐了一些很好的吃饭、购物和参观的地方。“and”前后两个动作“shared”与“recommended”是并列关系,时态一致。故填recommended。
4.(2019浙江卷)When every pupil in the school wears the uniform, nobody ______ (have) to worry about fashion(时尚).
【答案】will have/has
【解析】考查时态。句意:当每个学生在校穿校服时,没有人会担心时尚问题。本句是when引导的时间状语从句,遵循主将从现原则,因此,主句可以使用将来时will do;根据语境可知,本文叙述的是客观事实,因此,本句亦可用一般现在时,主语是nobody,谓语用has。故填will have/has。
5.(2019浙江卷)One study in America found that students' grades _____ (improve) a little after the school introduced uniforms.
【答案】improved
【解析】考查时态。句意:美国的一项研究发现,在学校引入校服后,学生的成绩有所提高。本句是after引导的时间状语从句,前后时态保持一致,从句使用了一般过去式,主句用一般过去式。故填improved。
6.(2018全国I卷)While running regularly can't make you live forever,the review says it (be) more effective at lengthening life than walking,cycling or swimming.is
【答案】is
【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。本文介绍了跑步的好处,通篇以一般现在时为主。本句中宾语从句与主句的时态应保持一致,故用一般现在时;且宾语从句中的主语为it,故用is。
7.(2018全国II卷)Since 2011, the country (grow) more corn than rice.
【答案】has grown
【解析】考查时态。由句中的时间状语Since 2011可知,此空应用现在完成时。
8.(2018全国II卷)The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005-when the government (start) a soiltesting program which gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers-and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.
【答案】started
【解析】考查时态。根据语境可知,此处叙述发生在过去的情况,应用一般过去时,故填started。
9.(2018全国III卷)I quickly lower myself,ducking my head to avoid looking directly into his eyes so he doesn't feel (challenge).
【答案】challenged
【解析】考查时态。此处表示“我迅速低下头避免和它直视,以便它不会感到受到挑战”,主语he 和challenge构成被动关系,故填challenged。
10.(2018全国III卷)True to a gorilla's unaggressive nature,the huge animal (mean) me no real harm.
【答案】meant
【解析】考查时态。由于此处描述的动作已经发生,故用一般过去时。
11.(2018浙江卷)I still remember visiting a friend who'd lived here for five years and I (shock)
when I learnt she hadn't cooked once in all that time.
【答案】was shocked
【解析】考查时态和语态。根据语境可知,此处表示“我感到很震惊”,shock与主语I为被动关系,同时根据后面的learnt可知,时态为一般过去时,所以填was shocked。句意:我还记得访问过一个住在这里5年的朋友,当我知道她在这段时间里没有煮过一次饭的时候,我很震惊。
12.(2017全国I卷)When fat and salt(remove) from food, the food tastes as if it is missing something.
【答案】are removed
【解析】考查时态、语态和主谓一致。根据语境可知此处用一般现在时,由于主语fat and salt是复数概念,且与remove是被动关系,所以填一般现在时的被动语态结构are removed。句意:当脂肪和盐被从食物中除去时,食物的味道就好像它缺少某种东西一样。
13.(2017全国II卷)Steam engines (use) to pull the carriages and it must have been fairly unpleasant for the passengers,with all the smoke and noise.
【答案】were used
【解析】考查时态和被动语态。steam engines与use是被动关系,且动作发生在过去,故用一般过去时的被动语态。句意:用冒着烟雾和带有噪音的蒸汽机拉马车,这对乘客来说一定是相当不愉快的体验。
14.(2017全国II卷)Later, engineers (manage) to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels (隧道), which became known as the Tube.
【答案】managed
【解析】考查时态。全文讲述的是发生在过去的事情,故用一般过去时。句意:后来,工程师们成功地在一个深挖隧道的系统中建造铁路,这种系统被称为地铁。
15.(2017全国III卷)Sarah (tell) that she could be Britain's new supermodel, earning a million dollars in the next year.
【答案】has been told/was told
【解析】考查动词的时态和语态。根据语境,萨拉应该是“被告知”她能成为英国新的超模儿,可以用现在完成时或一般过去时。句意:有人告诉萨拉,她可能成为英国的新超级名模,下一年可以赚一百万美元。
16.(2017全国III卷)But at the moment,school (come) first.