概论简答题答案

1、What’s digital computer?

The Digital computer, which is also called electronic computer, is a digital system that performs various computational tasks.

2、What’s World Wide Web?

WWW—is an architectural framework(体系结构框架) for accessing linked documents spread out over thousands of machines all over the Internet.

3、What’s Operating System?

4、An operating system is the software which controls all the operation of a computer, and acts as an interface between a user of a computer and the computer hardware.

4、What’s an algorithm?

An algorithm is an ordered set of unambiguous(清楚、明白的), executable steps, defining a terminating(可终止的) process.

5、Can you tell the differences between ROM and RAM?

RAM, also called read/write memory, can be used to store data that changes.。RAM is erasable, temporary, and volatile(易失性)—it blanks out each time you turn the computer off. ROM chips are designed for applications in which data is only read.。ROM is nonvolatile—the instructions recorded in it do not disappear when the power is off.

6、List four categories of computer.

Microcomputer, Minicomputer, Mainframe computer, Supercomputer

7.list the applications of computer ?

Science calculation 数值计算Data processing数据处理Real-time control 实时控制Adjuvant design辅助设计Artificial Intelligence 人工智能

8、What is the Internet?

The Internet now is a worldwide combination of WANs and LANs involving millions of machines.

9.What is network protocol?--List 3 common Internet protocols.

The rules that governs the communication between different components within a computer system are called protocols (协议). HTTP—HyperText Transmission Protocol超文本传输协议.TCP/IP—Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol(传输控制协议/因特网协议).FTP—File Transfer Protocol(文件传输协议)

What’s the difference between a program and a process?

A program is a set of directions. A process is the action of following those

directions.

11.List four activities of a typical operating system.

Batch Processing System (批处理系统)Interactive Processing System(交互式系统)Real-time System (实时系统)Time-sharing System (分时系统)

12.What is the difference between a process that is ready and a process that is waiting?

A process is ready if it is in a state in which its progress can continue; it is waiting if its progress is currently delayed until some external event occurs.