澳洲法律相关词汇
澳大利亚商业法律
澳大利亚商业法律Business Law（商业法律下称商法)为初入商科的学生指明了在商业运作中所用手段的基本底线。
掌握商法可以对您以后在西方社会的商业行动和日常生活提供最基本的法律参考。
商法所使用教材为<<BUSINESS LAW>> by Andy Gibson and Douglas Fraser。
在这个学期13周的课程中，学生被期望掌握以下知识，其中侵权行为和财产法为期中重点考试内容（有些翻译可能不是很恰当，如有失误请指出，谢谢大家）1.什么是法律（What is law)第一星期：基础介绍2.澳大利亚法律系统(Austalian Legal System)第二星期：成文法，普通法，法院的职责，权利的分配，法院的等级制度3.侵权行为(Law of Torts)第三星期：直接和间接侵权，失职(Negligence)，法院判定失职所用的5步处理方法，民事责任准则第四星期：回顾第三个星期，企业失职(Application of Negligence to Business), 国际侵权（International Torts)4.财产法第五星期：土地和商品的区别，拥有权的概念(The concept of Possession)，在行为中的选择（Choses in action),土地所有权（Land ownership),按揭贷款（Mortagages),租约和执照（Leases & Licenses), 居民租赁法（Residential Tenancy Legislation)第六星期：复习，期中考试5.合同法（Contract Law)第七星期：介绍合同法，契约（Intention & Agreement)第八星期：合同团体数量（Capacity of the Parties)第九星期：真实许可（Genuine Consent)第十星期：合法对象和形式（Legality of Object & Form),合同的制定（Construction of the Contract)第十一星期：合同各方的权利（Rights of the parties & Discharge)，毁约（Remedies for Breach of Contract)6.消费者保护立法(Consumer Protection Legislation)第十二星期：交易行为准则（Trade Practices Act 1974 Cth)7.经销法(Law of Agency）第十三星期：经销原则（Principle & Agent)次章所写时间为第三周，重点为侵权行为－－－－在说某事简单的时候，请先将此事做完美。
法律英语词汇大全(完美打印版)
法律渊源source of law制定法statute判例法case law; precedent普通法common law特别法special law固有法native law; indigenous law继受法adopted law实体法substantial law程序法procedural law原则法fundamental law例外法exception law司法解释judicialinterpretation习惯法customarylaw公序良俗publicorder and moral自然法natural law罗马法Roman Law私法private law公法public law市民法jus civile万民法jus gentium民法法系civil lawsystem英美法系system ofAnglo-American law大陆法系civil lawsystem普通法common law大陆法continentallaw罗马法系Roman lawsystem衡平法equity; law ofequity日尔曼法Germanticlaw教会法ecclesiasticallaw寺院法canon law伊斯兰法Islamic law民法法律规范normof civil law授权规范authorization norm禁止规范forbidding norm义务性规范obligatory norm命令性规范commanding norm民法基本原则fundamental principles of civil law平等原则principle of equality自愿原则principle of free will公平原则principle of justice等价有偿原则principle of equal valueexchange诚实信用原则principle of good faith行为act作为ac不作为omission合法行为lawful act违法行为unlawfulact民事权利权利能力civil right绝对权absolute right相对权relative right优先权right ofpriority先买权preemption原权antecedentright救济权right of relief支配权right ofdominion请求权right of claim物上请求权right ofclaim for real thing形成权right offormation撤销权right ofclaiming cancellation否认权right ofclaiming cancellation解除权right ofrenouncement代位权subrogatedright选择权right of choice承认权right of admission终止权right of termination抗辩权right of defense一时性抗辩权momentary right of defense永久性抗辩权permanentcounter-argument right不安抗辩权unstable counter-argument right同时履行抗辩权defense right of simultaneous performance既得权tested right期待权expectantright专属权exclusiveright非专属权non-exclusive right人身权利personalright人权human right人格权right ofpersonality生命健康权right of lifeand health姓名权right of name名称权right of name肖像权right ofportraiture自由权right offreedom名誉权rightreputation隐私权right ofprivacy私生活秘密权rightof privacy贞操权virginity right身份权right of status亲权parental power;parental right亲属权right ofrelative探视权visitationright配偶权right of spouse荣誉权right of honor权利的保护protection of right公力救济public protection私力救济self-protection权利本位standard of right社会本位standard of society无责任行为irresponsible right正当防卫justifiable right; ligitimate defence防卫行为act of defence自为行为self-conducting act紧急避险act of rescue;necessity自助行为act ofself-help不可抗力forcemajeure意外事件accident行为能力capacity foract意思能力capacity ofwill民事行为civil act意思表示declarationof intention意思表示一致meeting of minds;consensus完全行为能力perfect capacity for act限制行为能力restrictive capacity for act准禁治产人quasi-interdicted person保佐protection自治产人minor whois capable of administeringhis own capacity无行为能力incapacity for act禁治产人interdictedperson自然人naturalperson公民citizen住所domicile居所residence经常居住地frequently dwelling place户籍census register监护guardianship个体工商户individual business农村承包经营户leaseholding rural household合伙partnership合伙人partner合伙协议partnership agreement 合伙财产property ofpartnership合伙债务debt ofpartnership入伙join partnership退伙withdrawalfrom partnership合伙企业partnershipbusiness establishment个人合伙partnership法人合伙partnershipof legal person特别合伙specialpartnership普通合伙generalpartnership有限合伙limitedpartnership民事合伙civilpartnership隐名合伙sleepingpartnership; dormantpartnership私营企业privateenterprise; proprietorship法人legal person企业法人legal body ofenterprise企业集团group ofenterprise关联企业affiliateenterprise个人独资企业individual businessestablishment国有独资企业solelystate-owned enterprise中外合资企业Sino-foreign joint venture enterprise中外合作企业Sino-foreign contractual enterprise社团法人legal body of mass organization财团法人legal body of financial group联营joint venture法人型联营association of legal persons合伙型联营coordinated management in partnership协作型联营cooperation-typecoordinated management合作社cooperative民事法律行为civillegal act单方民事法律行为unilateral civil legal act双方民事法律行为bilateral civil legal act多方民事法律行为joint act civil legal act有偿民事法律行为civil legal act withconsideration无偿民事法律行为civil legal act withoutconsideration; civil legalact without award实践性民事法律行为practical civil legal act法律翻译公司诺成性民事法律行为consental civil legal act要式民事法律行为formal civil legal act不要式民事法律行为informal civil legal act要因民事法律行为causative civil legal act不要因民事法律行为noncausative civil legal act主民事法律行为principal civil legal act从民事法律行为accessory civil legal act附条件民事法律行为conditional civil legal act附期限民事法律行为civil legal act with term生前民事法律行为civil legal act before death 死后民事法律行为civil legal act after death准民事法律行为quasi-civil legal act无效行为ineffective act可撤销民事行为revocable civil act违法行为illegal act; unlawful act侵权行为tort欺诈fraud胁迫duress乘人之危takingadvantage of others’precarious position以合法形式掩盖非法目的legal formconcealing illegal intention恶意串通maliciouscollaboration重大误解grossmisunderstanding显失公平obviousunjust误传misrepresentation代理agency本人principal被代理人principal受托人trustee代理人agent本代理人originalagent法定代理人statutoryagent; legal agent委托代理人agent bymandate指定代理人designated agent复代理人subagent再代理人subagent转代理人subagent代理权right ofagency授权行为act ofauthorization授权委托书power of attorney代理行为act of agency委托代理agency by mandate本代理original agency复代理subagency次代理subagency有权代理authorized agency表见代理agency by estoppel; apparent agency 律师代理agency by lawyer普通代理general agency全权代理generalagency全权代理委托书general power of attorney共同代理jointagency独家代理sole agency居间brokerage居间人broker行纪commission;broker house信托trust时效time limit;prescription; limitation时效中止suspensionof prescription/limitation时效中断interruption oflimitation/prescription时效延长extension oflimitation取得时效acquisitiveprescription时效终止lapse oftime; termination ofprescription期日date期间term涉外民事关系civilrelations with foreignelements冲突规范rule ofconflict准据法applicablelaw; governing law反致renvoi; remission转致transmission识别identification公共秩序保留reserve of public order法律规避evasion of law国籍nationality国有化nationalization法律责任legal liability民事责任civil liability/responsibility行政责任administrativeliability/responsibility刑事责任criminalliability/responsibility违约责任liability ofbreach of contract;responsibility of default有限责任limitedliability无限责任unlimitedliability按份责任shared/several liability连带责任joint andseveral liability过失责任liability fornegligence; negligentliability过错责任faultliability; liability for fault单独过错sole fault共同过错joint fault混合过错mixed fault被害人过错victim’sfault第三人过错thirdparty’s fault推定过错presumptive fault恶意bad faith; malice故意deliberateintention; intention;willfulness过失negligence重大过失grossnegligence疏忽大意的过失careless and inadvertent negligence过于自信的过失negligence with undue assumption损害事实facts of damage有形损失tangible damage/loss无形损失intangible damage/loss财产损失property damage/loss人身损失personal damage/loss精神损失spiritual damage/loss民事责任承担方式methods of bearing civilliability停止侵害cease theinfringing act排除妨碍exclusionof hindrance; removal ofobstacle消除危险eliminationof danger返还财产restitution ofproperty恢复原状restitution;restitution of original state赔偿损失compensate for a loss;indemnify for a loss支付违约金paymentof liquidated damage消除影响eliminate illeffects恢复名誉rehabilitateone’s reputation赔礼道歉extend aformal apology物权jus ad rem; rightin rem; real right物权制度real rightsystem; right in remsystem一物一权原则theprincipal of One thing, OneRight物权法定主义principal of legality of rightin rem物权公示原则principal of public summons of right in rem物权法jus rerem物property生产资料raw material for production生活资料means of livelihood; means of subsistence流通物res in commercium; a thing in commerce限制流通物limited merchantable thing禁止流通物res extra commercium; a thing out of commerce资产asset固定资产fixed asset流动资产currentasset; floating asset动产movables;chattel不动产immovable;real estate特定物res certae; acertain thing种类物genus;indefinite thing可分物res divisibiles;divisible things不可分物resindivisibiles; indivisiblethings主物res capitalis; aprincipal thing从物res accessoria;an accessory thing原物original thing孳息fruits天然孳息naturalfruits法定孳息legal fruits无主物bona vacatia;vacant goods; ownerlessgoods遗失物lost property漂流物driftingobject埋藏物fortuna; hiddenproperty货币currency证券securities债券bond物权分类classification of right in rem/real right自物权jus in re propria; right of full ownership所有权dominium; ownership; title所有权凭证document of title; title of ownership占有权dominium utile; equitable ownership 使用权right of use; right to use of收益权right toearnings; right to yields处分权right ofdisposing; jus dispodendi善意占有possession ingood faith恶意占有maliciouspossession按份共有severalpossession共同共有jointpossession他物权jus in re aliena用益物权real rightfor usufruct使用权right to use;right of use土地使用权right tothe use of land林权forestownership采矿权miningownership经营权managerialauthority; power ofmanagement承包经营权right tocontracted management相邻权neighboringright; relatedright地上权superficies永佃权jusemphyteuticum; right tolanded estate granted inperpetuity through acontract地役权servitude; easement人役权servitus personarum; personal servitude担保物权real right for security物的担保security for thing物的瑕疵担保warranty against defect of a thing抵押权hypotheca; hypothecation; right to mortgage抵押权的设定creation of right to mortgage抵押人mortgagor抵押权人mortgagee抵押标的物collateral;estate under mortgage抵押权的效力deffect of right tomortgage抵押权的次序sequence of right tomortgage抵押权的抛弃abandonment of right tomortgage抵押权的让与alienation of right tomortgage抵押权的实现materialization of right tomortgage抵押权的消灭extinctionof right tomortgageregistrationof estate under mortgage抵押物登记registration of estateunder mortgage抵押优先权priorityof mortgage留置权lien一般留置权generallien特别留置权speciallien质权hypotheque;pledge; right of pledge佃权tenant right债权jus in personam; right to give or procure; claim; creditor’s right债权人creditor债务人debtor相对人counterpart; offeree给付give; pay债务debt; liability; obligation债务的偿还payment of debt债务的偿清discharge of debt债务的担保guarantee of debt债务的合并consolidation of debt债务的给付日期debt maturity债务的免除exemption of debt债的分类obligatio;obligation法定之债legalobligation任意之债voluntaryobligation简单之债simpleobligation选择之债alternativeobligation主债prime/principalobligation从债accessoryobligation单一之债singleobligation按份之债severalobligation连带之债jointobligation特定之债certainobligation种类之债indefiniteobligation合同之债contractualobligation侵权行为之债tortobligation损害赔偿之债obligation ofcompensation for injury;obligation of damages人身损害damage to person精神损害moral/mental/spiritual damage医药费hospital treatment expense医疗费medical charge抚恤金pension慰问金consolation money产品瑕疵defect of product不当得利unjust enrichment无因管理voluntary service债的担保guarantee ofobligation财产担保propertyguarantee信用担保creditguarantee让与担保alienationguarantee保证guaranty明示保证expressguaranty默示保证impliedguaranty保证人guarantor保证合同contract ofguaranty/suretyship保证金guarantybond; security deposit押金deposit; foregift预付款advancedpayment定金earnest money;deposit违约金liquidateddamages法定违约金liquidated damages by law约定违约金liquidated damages byagreement债的履行performance of obligation实际履行原则doctrine of specificperformance情事变更原则doctrine of change of circumstances不当履行misfeasance清偿discharge; satisfaction提存debtor’s submission of the subject matter of obligation to competent authority抵销setoff知识产权intellectual property知识产权国际保护international protection of intellectual property国民待遇原则doctrine of nationaltreatment优先权原则 a right ofpriority doctrine自动保护原则doctrine of automaticprotection特许权使用费royalties智力成果intellectualproperty著作权copyright版权copyright著作权人copyrightowner创作creation作品opus; product;work著作人格权right ofpersonality of copyright发表权right ofpublication署名权right ofauthorship; right ofpaternity修改权right ofmodification; right ofrevision完整性保持权rightto maintain integrity不可侵犯权inviolability收回权right of recall;right of retrieval自费出版publish abook at the author’s own expense著作财产权property right in work使用收益分享权right to share usufruct利用权right to make use of获得报酬权right to get payment重播权right of rebroadcasting录制权right of fixation机械复制权right of mechanograph; right of mechanical reproduction著作邻接权neighboring right ofcopyright剽窃plagiary;plagiarism盗版pirate盗版VCD pirated VCD伪造forge工业产权industrialproperty专利权patent right优先权日prioritydate申请在先原则priorapplication rule使用在先priority ofuse新颖性novelty创造性creativity实用性practicability发明创造inventionand creation实用新型utilitymodel外观设计design;industrial design发明权right ofinvention发现权right ofdiscovery专利申请patentapplication专利异议objectionto a patent专利公告patentgazette专利续展费renewal fee of patent专利许可协议patent licensing agreement技术诀窍know-how专有技术know-how专利证书certificate of patent专利事务所patent office专利代理patent agency中华人民共和国专利局Patent Office of the People’s Republic of China 商标权trademark right商标国际注册international registrationof trademark商品商标commoditytrademark服务商标servicetrademark驰名商标reputedtrademark广告商标advertisement trademark近似商标similartrademark商标评审委员会trade review and appraisalboard商标审查trademarkexamination商标侵权trademarkinfringement商标注册registeredtrademark商标公告trademarkgazette注册商标使用许可licensing of registeredtrademark注册商标转让assignment of registeredtrademark商标使用许可协议trademark licensingagreement商标事务所trademark office商标代理trademarkagency婚姻、家庭、继承、收养marriage, family, inheritance, adoption婚姻法marital law; marriage law包办婚姻arranged marriage财产分割partition; dismemberment of property重婚bigamy独生子女only child法律婚legal marriage非婚生子女illegitimate child夫妻共同财产community property夫妻关系conjugalrelationship夫妻分居divorce amensa et thoro; divorcefrom bed and board复婚resumption ofmarriage感情破裂incompatibility婚后财产公证notarization of postnuptialproperties婚姻登记marriageregistration婚生子女ligitimatechild计划生育birthcontrol结婚marry离婚divorce买卖婚姻mercenarymarriage拟制血亲bloodrelations in fiction of law旁系血亲collateralrelation blood relation涉外婚姻marriagewith foreign elements配偶spouse事实婚de factomarriage诉讼离婚divorce bylitigation探视权visitationright同居cohabitation晚婚late marriage无效婚姻void marriage协议离婚divorce by agreement一夫一妻制monogamy早婚early marriage直系血亲lineal descent自然血亲natural blood relation收养法adoption law收养协议adoption agreement收养人adoptiveparent送养人person orinstitution placing out achild for adoption涉外收养adoptionwith foreign elements继承法inheritancelaw; law of succession法定继承legalseccession遗嘱继承intestatesuccession遗赠继承successionby devise自然继承naturalsuccession代位继承representation; successionby subrogation世袭继承hereditarysuccession间接继承indirectsuccession转继承subsuccession共同继承jointsuccession单独继承singlesuccession继承人heir;successor第二顺序继承人successor second in order第一顺序继承人successor first in order继承参与人succession participant遗产inheritance; heritage遗产继承人heir to property; inheritor遗言last will and testament遗书last words遗赠bequest; legacy; devise遗赠抚养协议legacy-support agreement会计法accounting law税法tax law; taxation law反不正当竞争法anti-unfair competition law消费者权益保护法consumer’s interestprotection law产品责任法production liability law消费者权益法consumer rights andinterests law公司法company law;corporate law公司company;corporation有限责任公司limitedliability company股份有限公司company limited by shares无限公司unlimitedcompany股份两合公司jointstock limited liabilitypartnership两合公司joint liabilitycompany控股公司holdingcompany集团公司groupcompany合资公司jointventure company联营公司associatedcompany; affiliatedcompany国营公司state-owncompany国有公司state-owned company民营公司civilian-run company本国公司national/domestic company外国公司foreign company上市公司listed company母公司parent company子公司subsidiary皮包公司briefcase company; fundless company募集设立incorporation by stockfloatation发起人floater;initiator公司名称name ofcompany公司住址domicile ofcompany出资contribution;capital subscription现金出资investmentin cash实物出资investmentin kind工业产权出资investment in industrialproperty right非专有技术出资investment in non-patenttechnology劳务出资investmentin labor高新技术成果出资investment in hi-techachievements注册资本registeredcapital实缴资本paid-incapital验资报告capitalverification report会计师事务所certified publicaccountants注册会计师certifiedpublic accountant资本三原则three doctrine of capital资本确定原则doctrine of capital determination资本维持原则doctrine of capital maintenance资本不变原则doctrine of unchanging capital最低资本额制度minimum capital system公司章程articles of association; articles of incorporation; bylaw公司登记incorporation; corporate registration公司存续existenceof company公司合并分立merger and split ofcompany公司并购corporatemerger and acquisition公司管理corporategovernance; companymanagement公司法律顾问corporate counsel公司整顿companyrectification公司歇业closure ofbusiness公司和解companycomposition公司解散companydissolution公司清算companyliquidation公司清理companywinding-up竞业禁止non-commpete;competition prohibition招股章程prospectus股本stock capital股东shareholder股东大会shareholders’meeting股东大会决议resolution ofshareholders’meeting股东大会议事规则rule of procedure of shareholders’meeting表决权voting right; right to vote董事director董事长president/chairman of the board首席执行官chief executive officer(CEO)首席运营官chief operation officer(COO)执行董事executive director常务董事managing director董事会board of directors董事会领导下的经理负责制responsibilitysystem of the chiefexecutive officer under theleadership of the board ofdirectors经理独立负责制manager independentresponsibility system监事supervisor监事会board ofsupervisors股share; stock普通股commonstock特别股special stock资格股qualificationstock优先股preferredstock劣后股inferior stock表决权股stock withvoting power溢价股premiumstock折价股convertingstock国家股state-ownedshare集体股collectiveshare法人股corporateshare企业股enterpriseshare个人股individualshare股息dividend红股bonus stock; dividend stock法定公积金legal accumulation fund资本公积金capital accumulation fund盈余公积金surplus accumulation fund任意公积金optional accumulation fund公司犯罪corporate crime证券法securities law证券发行issuance of securities证券上市list securities; float an issue证券交易所stockexchange证券商securitiesdealer证券公司securitiescompany证券承销商consortium ofunderwriters证券承销合同underwriting contract证券经纪人securities broker披露制度disclosingsystem交割日closing date风险投资基金venture capital fund上海证券交易所Shanghai Stock Exchange深圳证券交易所Shenzhen Stock Exchange证券监督委员会securities supervisioncommittee票据法law ofnegotiable instrument票据notes; bills;commercial instruments商业票据bill;commercial instrument远期票据time bill;;long-dated bill到期票据maturedbill即期票据sight bill记名票据bill payable to order; note to order不记名票据bearer instrument本票promissory note支票cheque汇票bill of exchange发票日ticket day出票日date of draft/issue发票地place of draft/issue票据到期日bill to mature票据金额sum of bill票面价额face value票据出票人drawer票据持票人billholder票据承兑人billacceptor票据行为act oncommercial paper承兑票据honor a bill票据议付negotiation拒付票据protest abill票据付款人drawee票据支付人payer oncommercial instrument票据收款人billcollector票据背书人endorser/indorser of a bill被背书人endorsee票据保证人billguarantor票据被保证人billpledgee/warrantee再追索人renewedrecourser前手remote holder后手subsequentendorser票据权利right of bill票据期限term of bill;tenor票据债务人debtorof commercial instrument追索权right ofrecourse票据抗辩exception to bill票据丧失loss of bill票据时效prescription of exchanges 票据贴现discount of bill再贴现rediscount of bill恩惠期间term of benevolence票据代理agency for notes/bills/commercial instruments海商法maritime law船舶国籍证书certificate of registry;certificate of ship’snationality船棋国flag country船舶所有权证书certificate of shipownership船舶检验register ofship船舶保险insuranceon hull船舶保险单hullinsurance policy船舶登记证书certificate of registry船舶丈量tonnagemeasurement of ships船舶进港费groundage船舶抵押shipmortgage船舶租赁shipchartering船舶转租shipsubchartering船舶所有人责任限制limitation of liabilities ofship owners船舶碰撞shipcollision船舶遇难maritimedistress海上灾难perils ofthe sea海上拖航marinetowage船舶扣押detention of ship船舶债权ship’s credit船级社classification society船级证书certificate of class海上留置权maritime lien船舶留置权maritime lien船舶抵押权maritime mortgage海上优先请求权priority claim to seagoing ships救助优先权priority claim to salvage共同海损优先权priority claim to generalaverage服务优先权priorityclaim to service货物损害优先权priority claim to cargodamage传播抵押借款和货物抵押借款优先权priorityclaim to ship credit andgoods credit海运合同shippingcontract提单bill oflading(B/L)空舱费dead freight租船费charterage租船合同charter-party contract ofaffreightment期租船合同timecharter-party; time CP航次租船合同voyagecharter-party定期租船合同timecharter-party光船租船合同bareboat charter-party;bareboat CP包租运输合同shipping charter-party海上旅客运输合同contract for carriage ofpassengers by sea远洋拖带合同contract of ocean towage 港内拖带合同contract of port towage海难救助合同salvage contract海事报告master’s protest;; sea protest海事声明书sea protest海事争议maritime dispute海事法院maritime court;; admiralty court海事诉讼程序maritime proceedings船舶碰撞案件的民事管辖权civil jurisdiction of sea collision船舶碰撞案件的刑事管辖权criminaljurisdiction of sea collision海事争议的审理hearing/trial of maritimedisputes海事诉讼保全措施measures for maritimeattachment海事优先请求权preferential right topmaritime claim海事请求保全申请书application/petition formaritime attachment海事诉讼法律文书送达service of legalinstruments in maritimeaction/proceedings涉外海事诉讼管辖权jurisdiction of maritimeaction involving forelements强制变卖被扣押船舶compulsory realization ofthe distrained ship海事仲裁程序规则rules of maritimearbitration procedure保险法insurance law自愿保险voluntaryinsurance强制保险compulsoryinsurance商业保险commercialinsurance财产保险property insurance人身保险personal insurance人寿保险life insurance健康保险health insurance意外保险accident insurance社会保险social insurance养老保险endowment insurance医疗保险medical insurance失业保险unemployment insurance信用保险creditinsurance保证保险guarantyinsurance保险合同insurancecontract保险人insurer;underwriter被保险人the insured受益人benificiary投保人applicant forinsurance;; policy holder保险单insurancepolicy保险标的insuranceobject保险费premium保险期限time limitof insurance保险利益insurableinterest保险金额insurance;insurance compensation保险事故insuranceaccident保险赔偿insuranceindemnity保险代理人insurance agent保险经纪人insurance broker索赔claim代位索赔claim bysubrogation理赔settlement ofaction 诉讼claim代位求偿权right ofsubrogation委付abandonment退保cancellation/discharging ofinsurance页脚内容31。
澳洲留学澳洲的法律和法律体系
澳洲留学澳洲的法律和法律体系澳洲是一个以法治为基础的国家，其法律和法律体系是其社会运行的重要保障。
作为一个留学生，了解澳洲的法律和法律体系对于顺利适应澳洲社会和保护自身权益至关重要。
本文将介绍澳洲的法律体系以及留学生在澳洲应该了解的一些重要法律知识。
一、澳洲的法律体系澳洲的法律体系采用英美法系，这意味着其基本法律框架是建立在英国普通法的基础上的。
澳洲联邦法律和各州和地区的法律共同构成了澳洲的法律体系。
1. 澳洲联邦法律澳洲联邦法律是指适用于整个国家的法律，包括联邦宪法和联邦法律。
澳洲联邦宪法是澳洲的最高法律，规定了联邦政府的权力范围和各州政府之间的权力划分。
联邦法律包括了刑法、商法、移民法等，对于留学生的权益保护有着重要的作用。
2. 各州和地区的法律澳洲的六个州和两个地区拥有法律立法权。
每个州和地区都设有立法机构，负责通过制定和修改法律。
这些地方法律涵盖了澳洲九个法律系统的方方面面，如民事纠纷、土地所有权等。
留学生在澳洲的具体权益问题会直接受到该州或地区的法律管辖。
二、留学生应了解的法律知识作为留学生，在澳洲的求学过程中可能会面临各种法律问题，因此了解一些基本的法律知识是必要的。
1. 签证法律留学生首先要关注的是签证法律。
根据澳洲移民局的规定，所有的留学生在入境澳洲之前必须持有有效的学生签证。
签证的种类和要求根据留学生的具体情况而有所不同，因此留学生要提前了解签证种类和申请要求，并遵守签证相关的规定。
2. 学校规定留学生在校期间需要遵守学校的规定和规章制度，包括学习纪律、课程要求、考试安排等。
违反学校规定可能会导致处罚，甚至影响学业。
因此，留学生要仔细阅读学校的规章制度，并严格遵守。
3. 劳工法律在澳洲打工是许多留学生的常见选择，然而，留学生在打工时也需要了解澳洲的劳工法律。
劳工法律规定了工作时间、工资标准、工作条件等方面的规定，保护雇员的权益。
留学生在找工作时，应该确保自己得到合理的工资和工作条件，并遵守相关法律规定。
澳大利亚律师种类
澳大利亚律师种类在澳大利亚，有多种类型的律师专业领域，每个领域都专注于不同的法律事务。
以下是一些澳大利亚的律师种类：1.刑事律师（Criminal Lawyer）：专注于刑法领域，为被指控犯罪的个人提供法律代理。
2.民事律师（Civil Lawyer）：处理民事纠纷，包括合同争议、人身伤害索赔、家庭法事务等。
3.家庭法律师（Family Lawyer）：处理离婚、子女抚养、财产分配等家庭法事务。
4.商业法律师（Commercial Lawyer）：专注于商业法，为公司和企业提供法律咨询，涉及合同、商标、知识产权等。
5.房地产律师（Real Estate Lawyer）：处理房地产交易，包括买卖、租赁、抵押等。
6.劳动法律师（Employment Lawyer）：处理雇佣合同、劳动法事务，涉及雇主和雇员的权利和责任。
7.移民律师（Immigration Lawyer）：提供移民法律服务，帮助客户处理签证、公民身份和难民事务。
8.知识产权律师（Intellectual Property Lawyer）：处理知识产权事务，包括专利、商标、著作权等。
9.环境法律师（Environmental Lawyer）：处理环境法事务，包括环境法规合规、环境影响评估等。
10.诉讼律师（Litigation Lawyer）：专注于法律诉讼，代表客户在法庭上进行争议解决。
11.公司法律顾问（Corporate Counsel）：在公司内部工作，为公司提供法律咨询，处理内部法务事务。
12.遗产规划律师（Estate Planning Lawyer）：协助客户规划财产分配和遗产事务。
以上只是一些常见的律师专业领域，实际上还有许多其他领域的专业化律师，因为法律领域十分广泛，涉及多个方面。
在选择律师时，确保选择与您具体法律需求相关专业领域的律师是很重要的。
澳洲法律资料
澳洲法律资料澳大利亚是我国重要的贸易伙伴之一。
双方贸易近年来呈稳步增长态势。
本专题全面地概览了澳大利亚的国情、法律体系和主要的贸易壁垒。
并从技术法规、标准和合格评定几方面对其技术性贸易措施体系做了介绍。
最后，从澳大利亚的重点领域（消费者保护、食品安全、环保领域和节能领域）对其技术性贸易壁垒作了详述。
以期帮助出口澳大利亚的企业扩大出口，克服贸易壁垒。
澳洲法律体系概述1. 法律渊源澳大利亚沿袭英国的法律制度，建立了以普通法为基础的法律体系。
但是随着时代的变迁，澳大利亚的法律渊源发生了较大变化，现在的法律体系由普通法和成文法组成，主要有以下几类：∙法案：由联邦议会和各州/地区议会根据其宪法立法；∙法规和条例：根据法案的授权由行政机构制定，并处于议会的监督之下；∙判例法：从英国的普通法发展而来，依据遵循先例好规则，法院的判决具有法律效力；∙其他：某些不具有法律性质和法律约束力，但法院在进行裁判时可能予以考虑的具有一定影响力的活动，如：针对某些特定案件的行政决议；在相应的法院的管辖之外的其他司法裁决；国际法和国际条约/公约等。
2. 法律体系澳大利亚的法律体系并不是集中统一的，而是包括横向的三权分立和纵向的联邦、州和地区的法律体系。
横向的三权分立，即：联邦和各州的法律制度都体现了立法、行政和司法的三权分立。
澳大利亚将立法权、行政权和司法权分属于议会、行政机构和司法机构。
然而，在澳大利亚，由于澳总理和其他政府部长都必须为议会成员，因此，行政机关和立法机关不分离，即立法权和行政权分界不明。
同时，澳大利亚的法律体系由联邦法律和各州/地区法律组成。
联邦宪法采用了美国联邦宪法立法模式，仅列举了联邦议会的具体权力。
各州享有独立的立法、行政和司法权，澳大利亚各州议会分别根据本州的产业情况，有针对性地进行一些立法。
具体的法律和法规信息可从各州议会和各州政府的相关网站下载。
澳洲立法机关就法案而言，澳大利亚的立法机构主要是联邦议会和州议会；就法规和条例而言，制定机构主要是各行政机构；就判例法而言，制定机构主要是法院。
澳洲税法税法知识点总结
澳洲税法税法知识点总结澳大利亚税法的种类澳大利亚税法主要包括以下几种税种的法律规定：1.个人所得税2.公司所得税3.货物和服务税（GST）4.资本利得税5.房地产税6.资源税7.其他各种税法澳大利亚税法的基本原则澳大利亚税法的制定遵循以下几个基本原则：1. 公平原则：税法应当公平合理，对所有纳税人一视同仁。
2. 简化原则：税法应当简化税收程序和规定，减少税务申报和缴税的负担。
3. 透明原则：税法应当透明清晰，确保纳税人了解税收规定和义务。
4. 创新原则：税法应当鼓励创新和投资，促进经济发展。
5. 法治原则：税法应当依法制定和执行，维护法治和稳定性。
澳大利亚税法的主要内容个人所得税：个人所得税是澳大利亚政府对个人从各种收入来源所获得的所得进行征税的税种。
澳大利亚个人所得税法规定了个人所得税的征收对象、税率、扣缴义务等内容。
根据个人所得税法规定，个人所得税的税率分为不同层次，根据个人的收入情况进行征税。
同时，澳大利亚税法还规定了一系列的减免和优惠政策，以减少纳税人的税负。
公司所得税：公司所得税是指企业从各种收入来源所获得的利润所需要缴纳的税款。
澳大利亚公司所得税法规定了企业的纳税主体、税率、税务申报期限等内容。
根据公司所得税法规定，公司所得税的税率分为一般税率和特殊税率，同时也规定了各种减免和优惠政策，以鼓励企业的发展和创新。
货物和服务税（GST）：货物和服务税是澳大利亚政府对商品和服务进行征税的税种。
澳大利亚GST法规定了货物和服务的征税标准、税率、申报程序等内容。
根据GST法规定，一般情况下，销售商品和提供服务的企业需要向政府缴纳10%的GST税款。
同时，GST法还规定了各种生活必需品、医疗保健和金融服务等的免税条款，以保障消费者的基本生活需求。
资本利得税：资本利得税是指纳税人出售资产（如房地产、股票等）获得的利润所需要缴纳的税款。
澳大利亚资本利得税法规定了资本利得税的征税标准、税率、税务申报程序等内容。
法律英语重点专业词汇表
法律英语重点专业词汇表本文档旨在提供法律英语研究中的重点专业词汇，以帮助研究者更好地理解和应用法律英语。
法律基础- 法律（Law）- 律师（Lawyer）- 法官（Judge）- 法院（Court）- 法案（Bill）- 判决（Judgment）- 起诉（Prosecute）- 案件（Case）- 证据（Evidence）- 合同（Contract）- 法律责任（Legal liability）- 无罪（Not guilty）- 诉讼（Litigation）- 法规（Regulation）- 法治（Rule of law）- 法律程序（Legal procedure）民事法律- 民事诉讼（Civil litigation）- 侵权（Infringement）- 合同纠纷（Contract dispute）- 财产权（Property rights）- 婚姻法（Marriage law）- 遗产继承（Inheritance）- 知识产权（Intellectual property rights）- 商标（Trademark）- 版权（Copyright）- 专利（Patent）- 产权转让（Assignment of property rights）刑事法律- 刑法（Criminal law）- 罪犯（Criminal）- 枪支（Firearm）- 毒品（Drug）- 盗窃（Theft）- 谋杀（Murder）- 诈骗（Fraud）- 强奸（Rape）- 应诉（Pleading）- 刑罚（Punishment）- 被告（Defendant）- 自卫（Self-defense）- 黑社会（Organized crime）国际法- 国际公约（International convention）- 条约（Treaty）- 领土争端（Territorial dispute）- 外交（Diplomacy）- 联合国（United Nations）- 人权（Human rights）- 战争罪（War crime）- 国际裁决（International arbitration）- 国际仲裁（International arbitration）公司法- 股份（Share）- 董事会（Board of Directors）- 股东（Shareholder）- 董事（Director）- 监事会（Supervisory Board）- 风险投资（Venture capital）- 并购（Mergers and acquisitions）- 破产（Bankruptcy）- 合伙企业（Partnership）- 企业法务（Corporate counsel）法律文书- 律师函（Lawyer's letter）- 上诉状（Appeal）- 合同书（Contract document）- 法院判决书（Court judgment）- 法律文件（Legal document）- 法律协议（Legal agreement）- 法律声明（Legal statement）- 法律顾问意见书（Legal opinion）以上仅是法律英语重点专业词汇的一部分，希望能对学习者的法律英语学习有所帮助。
澳大利亚电子商务法律框架
澳大利亚电子商务法律框架澳大利亚电子商务法律框架1. 概述澳大利亚电子商务法律框架是指用于规范和管理在线商务活动的法律体系。
随着互联网的普及和电子商务的迅速发展，澳大利亚针对电子商务制定了一系列法律法规，旨在保护消费者权益、促进合法经营和维护互联网秩序。
2. 法律法规2.1 电子交易法 (Electronic Transactions Act)澳大利亚的《电子交易法》规定了电子方式进行交易和合同签订的法律效力。
根据该法律，电子签名和电子文档与传统纸质签名和文档具有同等效力。
此外，该法律还规定了电子交易和合同签订的基本要素和程序。
2.2 消费者权益保护法 (Consumer Protection Laws)澳大利亚有一系列法律法规用于保护消费者权益。
其中包括《澳大利亚消费者法》和《澳大利亚竞争与消费者法》等。
这些法律保障了消费者的权益，规定了商家在电子商务平台上的责任和义务，包括明示和暗示的产品保证、退款政策、虚假宣传和欺诈行为等。
2.3 隐私保护法 (Privacy Laws)澳大利亚的《隐私法》旨在保护个人隐私信息的收集、使用和披露。
该法律规定了在电子商务领域中处理个人隐私信息的规则和标准。
在澳大利亚，商家需要遵守一系列隐私保护法规，如《个人信息保护准则》和《数据泄露通知法》等。
2.4 广告法 (Advertising Laws)澳大利亚的《广告法》对在线广告进行了严格的监管，以保护消费者免受虚假和误导性广告的侵害。
该法律规定了商家在电子商务平台上发布广告的规范和限制，包括真实性、准确性、合法性和诚信度等方面的要求。
3. 电子商务合同在澳大利亚，电子商务合同的法律效力与传统纸质合同相同。
根据《电子交易法》，电子合同应满足以下要素：双方的意思表示能够确认、以可被访问的形式存储以备查考、符合其他法律要求等。
此外，商家在与消费者进行电子合同签订前，应提供必要的信息和明确的消费者权益保护措施。
4. 争议解决在电子商务领域，争议的解决可以通过多种方式进行，包括调解、仲裁和诉讼等。
澳大利亚律师文书大全
澳大利亚律师文书大全1. 合同文书，合同是一种法律文件，用于明确双方之间的权利和义务。
在澳大利亚，常见的合同包括租赁合同、销售合同、雇佣合同等。
这些合同通常包含双方的身份信息、约定条款、支付方式、违约责任等内容。
2. 起诉状，起诉状是一种法律文书，用于向法院提起诉讼。
起诉状通常包括原告的身份、被告的身份、案件的事实和法律依据等。
在澳大利亚，不同的法院可能有不同的起诉状格式和要求。
3. 辩护词，辩护词是被告在法庭上提交的一种文书，用于辩解自己的行为。
辩护词通常包括被告的身份、对指控的回应、证据和证人的陈述等。
澳大利亚的辩护词要求详细说明被告的观点和辩护策略。
4. 证词，证词是证人在法庭上作证时提供的口头陈述。
在澳大利亚，证词可以通过书面形式记录下来，并作为证据提交给法庭。
证词应当包括证人的身份、对案件的了解、观察到的事实等。
5. 法庭文件，法庭文件是在法庭诉讼过程中提交的各种文书，包括申请书、答辩书、证据清单、案件陈述等。
这些文件在澳大利亚法庭中起着记录和传递信息的作用。
需要注意的是，澳大利亚的法律体系与其他国家可能存在差异，因此律师文书的具体形式和要求可能会有所不同。
此外，不同的案件类型和法院也可能有特定的文书要求。
因此，在实际应用中，律师需要根据具体情况来准备和使用相应的文书。
总结起来，澳大利亚律师文书大全包括合同文书、起诉状、辩护词、证词、法庭文件等。
这些文书在澳大利亚法律系统中具有重要的地位和作用，律师需要根据具体情况准备和使用相应的文书。
法律常用术语分类中英对照
法律体系法律常用术语【（一）、法令】rule 条例law 法律crim in al law 刑法in terpret 解释（法律）the legislature 立法机构the legal system/ the judicial system/ court system【（二）、主体】the judge 法官the lawyer 律师（总称）the jury 陪审团the juror 陪审团成员the prosecutor（刑事案件）原告人；检察官，公诉人; the pla in tiff （ 民事案件）原告人the injured party/victim被害人 wit ness/eyewit ness 见证人，目击者the prosecutio n 原告及其代理律师；代表原告的律师the accused/defe ndant 被告人the defense lawyer/co un selor被告辩护律师【（三）、违法】案件种类】case 案件crime - criminal adj.a criminal case 刑事案件a civil case 民事案件【行为/罪名--criminal behavior 】guilt n. [Antonym] innocenceguilty adj. [Antonym]innocentguilty of a crime/charge innocent of a crime/charge commit a crime violate a criminal lawmurder 谋杀罪first-degree murder (deliberately) 一级谋杀罪；故意杀人罪manslaughter (not intentionally) 一般杀人罪；过失杀人罪forgery 伪造罪sexual harassment 性骚扰malfeasance 渎职罪criminal: n. 罪犯a convicted criminal ：one who has been judged guilty in a court oflawa hardened criminal ：someone who has committed many crimesstab v. 用刀具行凶，捅，刺to kill or hurt some one by push ing a knife or other sharp object into their bodystab some one to death 刺死flick knife /switch blade/k nife 弹簧刀mug v. =rob 抢劫to attack some one in a public place and steal their mon ey, jewellery, or other possessi ons【（四）、程序】【逮捕】arrestpick up : to arrest some one and take them away in a car【调查】in vestigati oncon duct a crim inal inv estigatio n intocriminal proceedings : the process of examining a crime in a courtof lawcross-exam in ati on【诉讼】find some on eguilty/not guilty of someth ing :officially decide thatthey are guilty/not guiltyto be charged with/to be accused ofto accuse sb. of certa in crimecharge v.to charge sb. with certain crimebe charged with (doing) sthe.g. They are the jury for the trial of a boy charged with murdering his father.prosecute -prosecution n.to prosecute sb. for sth.face prosecution overto bring a prosecutio n aga inst sb. 对…提起诉讼escape prosecutioncriminal charges ：official statements saying that sb is accused by the police of committing a crimeclaim v. to say that someone 's actions are the cause of something【法庭种类】a criminal court 刑事法庭,e.g. The scene is a jury room in a criminal court.a civil court 民事法庭children 's court 少年法庭The Supreme Court 最高法院【监督】supervise 监督【作证】to testify v. 作证to make a statement about something you saw, know, or experienced, usually in a court of lawtestify for/against someonetestimony 证词proofdefinite proofprovide the proofpresent the proofevidence 证据，证物to identify 鉴别flimsy adj. not very reliableflimsy evidenceaccurate adj. correct or true in every detailunshakable adj. 不可动摇的self-contradiction 自相矛盾alibi n. 不在场的证据someone who has an alibi can prove that they were somewhere else when a crime was committed and so can claim to be not guilty庭审】question v.question/suspect sb s motive辩护】to defe nd sb 为…辩护to refute 反驳--refutable adj.--refutation n.陪审团讨论】the jury 陪审团a grand jury 大陪审团the juror 陪审团成员the jury room 陪审室discuss - discussion 讨论proposal 提议vote 投票abstain v. 弃权vote for/in favor of/againsttake a preliminary votee.g. I think i t's customary to take a preliminary vote analyze 分析assume v. 假定ballot n. 无记名投票to argue with 争论agreement 一致意见disagreement 反对意见a reas on able doubtto hang the jury: to make the jury unable to reach a unanimous decisi ondeclare a hung juryreach a unanim ous decisi onbe deemed innocent/guilty 被认为无罪/ 有罪prove innocent/guilty 被证明无罪/有罪【审判】guilty/ not guilty(i nnocent)trial/ the jury trial 审判a fair trialset free / acquitted 无罪释放admit v. agree that someth ing is true 承认plead guilty to something : say that you are guiltye.g. He pleaded guilty to all charges.【(五)、处罚--punishment ]【场所】reform school 感化院,jail/ pris on n. 监狱【方式］jail v. to put some one in jail to be in jailjail someone for something go/ be sent to jailto serve a jail termbe executedthe executionerto pull the switchto send sb. to the chair =send someone to the electric chair /to sentence sb. to be electrocuted 电刑to sentence sb. to deathgive the sentence 施刑get out of jail【其他】have the right to do 有权on behalf of 代表draft 法案，草案Government bill 政府议案to pass a bill, to carry a bill 通过议案to enact a law, to promulgate a law 颁布法律ratification, confirmation 批准law enforcement 法律的实施to come into force 生效decree 法令clause 条款minutes 备忘录违法report 判例汇编codificatio n 法律汇编legislatio n 立法legislator 立法者jurist 法学家jurisprude nee 法学legitimati on 合法化legality, lawful ness 法制，合法legal, lawful 合法的,依法的to con trave ne a law, to infringe a law, to break a law outlaw, outside the law 超出法律范围的 offen der 罪犯to abolish 废止，取消rescissi on, annulment 废除，取消repeal, revocati on, annulment 废除（法律）can cellati on, annulmen t, in validatio n 废除（合同） can cellation （支票）作废annulment 撤消（遗嘱）repeal rescissi on 撤消（判决）revocati on 撤消immunity 豁免，豁免权disability, legal in capacity 无资格non retroactive character 不溯既往性prescriptio n 剥夺公权atta in der 公民权利的剥夺和财产的没收con stituti on al law 宪法canon law 教会法规com mon law 习惯法crimi nal law 刑法admi nistrative law 行政法civil law 民法commercial law, merca ntile law 商法law of n ati ons 万国公法，国际法intern ati on al law 国际法natural law 自然法labour laws 劳工法fiscal law 财政法Civil Suit Law, Code of civil law 民事诉讼法Military Law 军法Con script Law 兵役法Copyright Law 著作权法penal code 刑法典code of merca ntile law 商法典civil rights 民事权利，公民权利right of asylum 避难权huma n rights, rights of man 人权(customs) duties 关税death duty, death tax 遗产税royalties 版税。
法律英语词汇大全(完美版)
法律英语词汇大全（完美版）一、基本法律词汇1. 法律（Law）：国家制定或认可的，用以规范社会成员行为、调整社会关系的规范总称。
2. 法规（Regulation）：国家行政机关根据法律制定的具有普遍约束力的规范性文件。
3. 条款（Clause）：法律、合同等文件中的具体规定。
4. 判决（Judgment）：法院对案件审理后作出的结论性意见。
5. 律师（Lawyer）：依法取得执业资格，为社会提供法律服务的专业人员。
6. 诉讼（Lawsuit）：当事人依法向法院提起的请求保护自己合法权益的程序。
二、刑法相关词汇1. 犯罪（Crime）：违反刑法规定，危害社会，依法应受刑罚处罚的行为。
2. 罪名（Charge）：对犯罪嫌疑人指控的具体犯罪名称。
3. 刑罚（Punishment）：国家对犯罪分子实行的一种强制措施，包括主刑和附加刑。
4. 刑事责任（Criminal Responsibility）：犯罪分子因其犯罪行为所应承担的法律责任。
5. 量刑（Sentencing）：法院根据犯罪分子的犯罪事实、情节和悔罪表现，依法决定刑罚的种类和幅度。
三、民法相关词汇1. 合同（Contract）：当事人之间设立、变更、终止民事法律关系的协议。
2. 权利（Right）：法律赋予当事人实现某种利益的可能性。
3. 义务（Obligation）：当事人依法应承担的责任。
4. 赔偿（Compensation）：因侵权行为给他人造成损失，依法应承担的经济补偿责任。
5. 继承（Inheritance）：继承人依法取得被继承人遗产的法律制度。
四、商法相关词汇1. 公司（Company）：依法设立的，以营利为目的的企业法人。
2. 股东（Shareholder）：持有公司股份，享有公司权益和承担公司风险的人。
3. 破产（Bankruptcy）：债务人因不能清偿到期债务，经法院宣告破产，对其财产进行清算的法律程序。
4. 票据（Bill）：具有一定格式，载明一定金额，由出票人签发，无条件支付给持票人或指定人的有价证券。
有关法律方面的英文词汇
一、法律类1.单词Aacceptance /ək septəns/ n.受理accusation /ækju(:)zeiʃən/ n.检举accused /əkju:zd/ n.被告acquit / əkwit/ v.宣告…无罪acquittal / əkwitl/ n. 宣告无罪action / ækʃən / n.诉讼adjourn /ədʒə:n/ v. (使)休庭agent /eidʒənt/ n.代理人alibi /æli bai/ n.不在现场证明allegation /æliɡeiʃən/ n.声称amnesty /æmnesti/n. 大赦appeal /əpi:l/ n.上诉appearance /əpiərəns/ n. 投案appellant /əpelənt/ n.上诉人arbitration /ɑ:bi treiʃən/ n.仲裁assault /əsɔ:lt/ n.殴打attachment /ətætʃmənt/ n.扣押Bbail /beil/ v.&n.保释，保释金bailiff /beilif/ n. 法警bankruptcy /bæŋkrʌpsi/ n.破产bigamy /biɡəmi/ n. 重婚binding /baindiŋ/ a. 有约束力的bribery /braibəri/ n.贿赂Ccase /keis/ n.案件charge /tʃɑ:dʒ/ v.扺押citizen /sitizən/ n.公民collaborate /kəlæbəreit/ v. 串通commit /kəmit/ v.犯罪confess /kən fes/ v.成认，供认conspire /kən spaiə/ v. 合谋contract /kɔntrækt/n. 合约conveyancing /kən veiənsiŋ/n.产权转让convict /kən vikt/ v.& n.宣判有罪，犯人court /kɔ:t/ n.法院creditor /kreditə/ n. 债权人crime /kraim/ n.犯罪custody /kʌstədi/ n. 监护(权)，关押Ddecree /di kri:/ n. 法令deed /di:d/ n.契据defamation /defəmeiʃən/ n.诽谤defendant /di fendənt/ n .被告defender /di fendə/ n. 辩护人defense /di fens/ n.辩护deposit /di pɔzit/ n. 定金determination /di tə:mi neiʃən/ n. 判决determine /dis tʃɑ:dʒ/ v.解除discharge /dis tʃɑ:dʒ/ v. 清偿Eevidence /evidəns/ n.证据execution /eksi kju:ʃən/ n.依法处决Fforthwith /fɔ:θwiθ/ad. 立即freeze /fri:z/ v. 冻结Gguarantor /ɡærən tɔ:/ n.担保人Hhearing /hiəriŋ/n.听证会Iidentification /ai dentifi keiʃən/ n.鉴定illegal /i li:ɡəl/ a.非法indictment /in daitmənt/ n.控告infringement /in frindʒmənt/ n. 侵犯权利instigate /instiɡeit/ v. 教唆intention /in tenʃən/ n.动机Jjaywalk /dʒeiwɔ:k/ v.违规穿越马路judge /dʒʌdʒ/ n.法官judgement /dʒʌdʒmənt/ n. 判决juror /dʒuərə/ n.陪审员jury /dʒuəri/ n. 陪审团Llapse /læps/n. 失去时效lawsuit /lɔ:sju:t/ n. 诉讼legitimate /li dʒitimit/ a. 合法的lien /li:ən/ n. 留置权，扣押权litigant /litiɡənt/ n. 诉讼当事人litigate /litiɡeit/ v.提出诉讼litigation /litiɡeiʃən/ n.诉讼Mmaintenance /meintinəns/ n.扶养费mediate /mi:dieit/ vi. 调解medicolegal /medikəu li:ɡəl/ n.法医misconduct /mis kɔndʌkt/ n. 失职行为mortgage /mɔ:ɡidʒ/ n. 抵押借款motive /məutiv/ n.动机Ooffender /əfendə/ n. 犯罪分子omission /əu miʃən/ n. 不作为order /ɔ:də/ n. 裁定overdraft /əuvədrɑ:ft/ n. 透支overrule /əuvəru:l/ v. 推翻Ppardon /pɑ:dən/ v. 赦免parole /pərəul/ n. 假释party /pɑ:ti/ n. 合约一方patent /peitənt/ n. 专利，专利权perjury /pə:dʒəri/ n. 伪证plaintiff /pleintif/ n. 原告pledge /pledʒ/ n.抵押品procurator /prɔkjuəreitə/ n.检察官procuratorate /prɔkjuəreitərit/ n. 检察院property /prɔpəti/ n. 产权prosecute /prɔsikju:t/ v.起诉Qquantum /kwɔntəm/ n. 赔偿金额Rrecess /ri ses/ n.休庭reconciliation /rekənsili eiʃən/ n. 和解remand /ri mɑ:nd/ n.&v. 案件发回remorse /ri mɔ:s/ n. 悔改reply /ri plai/ n. 批复report /ri pɔ:t/ v. 举报restitution /resti tju:ʃən/ n. 返复原主resume /ri zju:m/ v.恢复ruling /ru:liŋ/n. 裁决Sseal /si:l/ n. 印章search /sə:tʃ/ n&v. 搜查seize /si:z/ v.缴获sentence /sentəns/ n. 判决service /sə:vis/ v.送达smuggle /smʌɡl/ v.走私speeding /spi:diŋ/n.超速successor /sək sesə/ n.继承人sue /sju:/ v.起诉summon /sʌmən/ n.&v.传票，传唤surveillance /sə:veiləns/ n. 监视Ttestify /testifai/ v. 做证trespass /trespəs/ v. 侵越trust /trʌst/ n. 信托Uunassisted /ʌnəsistid/ a. 不予支持的Vverify /verifai/ v.核实victim /viktim/ n.被害人violate /vaiəleit/ v.触犯void /vɔid/ a.不具有法律效力的Wwarranty /wɔrənti/ n.保证will / wil/ n. 遗嘱withdrawal /wiðdrɔ:əl/ n.撤回2.词组：absolute discharge无条件释放accessory penalties附加刑act under the law法律行为actus reus犯罪行为administrative proceedings行政诉讼admitted evidence采信的证据affirm defence 积极的抗辩agency hearing 听证会agent ad litem诉讼代理人appear in court出庭approval of arrest批准逮捕arrestable offence可逮捕的罪行assembly and association集会结社breach of contract不履行合同burden of proof举证责任capital punishment极刑chief judge of a tribunal法庭庭长chief justice首席大法官chief procurator首席检察官circumstantial evidence旁证civil action民事诉讼civil case民事案件civil tribunal民事审判庭clear up a criminal case破案collegial panel合议庭commit a crime犯罪common law普通法community property夫妻共同财产conclusion of a lawsuit诉讼终止concurren sentence合并判决confession of one’s offence坦白confession to justice自首conspiratorial swindling合谋诈骗contempt of court 藐视法庭罪continental law大陆法court announcement法院公告court clerk书记员court debate法庭辩论court of final appeal终审法院crack down on counterfeit goods打假abducting and trafficking human beings拐卖人口concealing the murder包庇crime of dereliction of duty渎职罪disrupting the order of social administration妨害社会管理秩序drug trafficking贩卖毒品intentional homicide成心杀人intentional injury成心伤害interference with public administration妨害公务selling bogus medicines贩卖假药unlawful detention非法拘禁criminal capacity刑事责任能力criminal case刑事案件criminal detention刑事拘留criminal fine罚金criminal proceedings刑事诉讼criminal suspect犯罪嫌疑人cumulative punishment数罪并罚currency swap套汇de facto marriage事实婚姻death penalty死刑defense attorney辩护律师deprivation of political right剥夺政治权利deputy chief procurator大检察官detention house拘留所dismiss a motion驳回请求domestic litigation国内诉讼driving while intoxicated酒醉后驾驶first offense初犯economic crimes经济犯罪economic law经济法economic tribunal经济审判庭employment contract雇佣合同ex parte单方execution of arrest执行逮捕exemption from criminal penalty免于刑事处分expert conclusion鉴定结论extort bribe索取贿赂false imprisonment非法禁锢filing of a lawsuit起诉final award最后裁决书finding of guilty有罪判决fixed-term imprisonment有期徒刑foreman of jury 陪审团主席forfeiture of property没收财产fugitive criminal逃犯grave circumstances情节严重handle a case办案hit and run肇事后逃离现场illegal business违法经营illegal parking违规停车illegitimate child非婚生子女impose a fine罚款incapacity for act无行为能力incidence of criminal cases发案率incompetent for civil conduct无民事行为能力ineffective act 无效行为initiate legal proceeding打官司institute a public prosecution检控institute a public prosecution提起公诉intellectual property rights知识产权inter parte双方international litigation国际诉讼investigate and collect evidence调查取证joint offence共同犯罪joint property of the spouses夫妻共同所有财产justifiable right正当防卫juvenile delinquency青少年犯罪juvenile prison少管所law of contract合同法law office律师事务所lawyer fee律师费legal aid法律援助legal basis法律依据legal consultants法律参谋legal consulting法律咨询legal guardian法定监护人legal opinions法律意见书legal representative法人代表life imprisonment无期徒刑lighter punishment从轻处分liquidated damages违约金litigation costs诉讼费litigation fee案件受理费losing party败诉方marriage law婚姻法marriage registration结婚登记material evidence物证mediation agreement调解书mode of court trial庭审方式natural child亲生子女nature of case案由negligent driving不小心驾驶notarial certificate公证书notice of court session开庭通知open a court session开庭审理particulars of offense犯罪事实penal servitude拘役personal property个人财产personnel handling a case办案人员plead guilty认罪plead not guilty不认罪police station派出所possessory title 土地占有权power of attorney委托书preserve evidence证据保全presiding judge审判长proclamation of a person as dead宣告死亡proclamation of a person as missing宣告失踪properties division财产分割property of ownerless无主财产property right in real estate房屋的产权property right财产所有权public hearing公开审理public order公共秩序public security bureau公安局public security officers公安人员public surveillance管制publicsecurity organs公安机关pyramid selling传销reason for decision定案理由reckless driving鲁莽驾驶record of inquest勘验笔录record of interrogation讯问笔录record of investigation调查笔录reduced punishment减轻处分reject an appeal驳回上诉report a case报案rescind the original judgement 撤销原判residential surveillance监视居住revoke a case placed on file撤销立案right in succession继承权right of disposing处分权roperty relations产权关系seal up查封security administration治安管理security regulations治安条例severe punishment从重处分special pardon特赦specific performance 强制履行spousal relationship夫妻关系spousal support赡养spreading poison with intent成心投毒statement of case案情陈述书summon by force拘传supplementary civil action附带民事诉讼suspended sentence缓刑suspension of a lawsuit诉讼中止suspension of execution缓期执行sustain the original judgement维持原判take an oath宣誓tax evasion 逃税term in custody羁押期限termination of contract解除合同territorial jurisdiction地区管辖the bail pending trial with restricted liberty of moving取保候审The Supreme People’s Court最高人民法院The Supreme People’s Procuratorate最高人民检察院time limit provided by law法定期限traffic violation交通违规trial in camera不公开审理trial in public公开审理trial of first instance一审trial of second instance二审unjust enrichment不当得利unjustifiable self-defense防卫过当voluntary surrender to justice自动投案wanted for arrest通缉winning party胜诉方二、环保类1.单词：acidification /əsidifi keiʃən/ n.酸化adsorption /æd sɔ:pʃən/ n. 吸附作用aerosol /ɛərəsɔl/ n. 气雾剂afforestation /əfɔris teiʃən/ n. 绿化造林bacterium /bæk tiəriəm/ n.细菌barren /bærən/ a. 贫瘠的biogas /baiəuɡæs/ n.沼气carcinogen /kɑ:sinədʒən/ n. 致癌物Celsius /selsjəs/ n. 摄氏的circulation /sə:kju leiʃən/ n. 循环conserve /kən sə:v/ v.保护contaminate /kən tæmineit/ v.弄脏decibel /desibel/ n.分贝deforestation /di fɔris teiʃən/ n. 滥砍滥伐森林degrade /diɡreid/ v.降解desertification /di zə:tifi keiʃən/ n. 沙漠化deterioration /di tiəriəreiʃən/ n.恶化drought /draut/ n.干旱dump /dʌmp/ n. 倾倒ecosystem /i:kəsistəm/ n. 生态系统ecotourism /i:kəu tuərizəm/ n. 生态旅游embankment /im bæŋkmənt/ n. 筑堤epidemic /epi demik/ n.流行病eutrophication /ju:trɔfi keiʃən/ n.富营养化extinction /iks tiŋkʃən/ n.灭绝Fahrenheit /færənhait/ n.华氏的filter /filtə/ n.过滤器glacier /ɡlæsjə/ n.冰川habitat /hæbitæt/ n.栖息地herbicide /hə:bisaid/ n. 除草剂humidity /hju:miditi/ n.湿度hurricane /hʌrikən/ n.飓风irreversible /iri və:səbl/ a. 不可挽回的latitude /lætitju:d/ n.纬度litter /litə/ n. 废弃物log /lɔɡ/ v.伐木longitude /lɔndʒitju:d/ n.经度methane /mi:θein/ n.甲烷micropollutant /maikrəu pəlu:tənt/ n.微污染物mining /mainiŋ/ n.采矿ooze /u:z/ vi.渗出organism /ɔ:ɡənizəm/ n. 有机物overexploitation /əuvər eksplɔi teiʃən/ n. 过度利用森林ozone /əuzəun/ n.臭氧pesticide /pestisaid/ n. 杀虫剂photosynthesis /fəutəu sinθəsis/ n. 光合作用poach /pəutʃ/ v. 偷猎poison /pɔizən/ n.毒物pollutant /pəlu:tənt/ n.污染物pollution /pəluʃən/ n. 污染precipitation /pri sipi teiʃən/ n. 某地区降雨等的量predator /predətə/ n. 食肉动物prey /prei/ n. 被捕食者prioritize /praiɔritaiz/ v. 优先考虑radiation /reidi eiʃən/ n.辐射reclaim /ri kleim/ v. 开垦recycling /ri:saikliŋ/ n. 回收release /ri li:s/ v.释放reuse /ri:ju:z/ v. 再利用revegetation /ri:vedʒi teiʃ/ n.植被恢复sedimentation /sedimen teiʃən/ n. 沉积seepage /si:pidʒ/ n.渗漏sewage /sjuidʒ/ n.污水smog /smɔɡ/ n.烟雾spillage /spilidʒ/ n. 泄漏toxicity /tɔk sisiti/ n. 毒性toxin /tɔksin/ n.毒素tragedy /trædʒidi/ n. 灾难transpiration /træn spi reiʃən/ n. 蒸腾作用trash /træʃ/ n. 废物tsunami /tsju:nɑ:mi/ n. 海啸typhoon /tai fu:n/ n.台风ultraviolet /ʌltrəvaiəlit/ n. 紫外线urbanization /ə:bənai zeiʃən/ n. 城市化vegetation /vedʒi teiʃən/n. 植物(总称); victim/viktim/ n.受灾者volcano /vɔl keinəu/ n. 火山waste /weist/ n. 废物2.词组：acid fog酸雾acid rain酸雨acoustic insulation material隔音材料adverse impact不利影响afforested areas绿化面积agricultural wastes农业废物air current气流air pollution concentration空气污染浓度airborne pollution大气污染alternative fuel代用燃料ambient air quality standard环境空气质量标准ambient quality standard环境质量标准Antarctic Circle南极圈Arctic Circle北极圈area pollution区域污染atmospheric absorption大气吸收atmospheric monitoring system大气监测系统atmospheric transport大气输运battery cars电动汽车battery disposal电池处理biological weapons生物武器carbon dioxide二氧化碳carbon monoxide一氧化碳carrying capacity of environment环境负荷centralized treatment plant集中处理厂chemical decontamination化学污染去除chemical weapons化学武器clean energy清洁能源cleaner production清洁生产commercial noise商业噪音composite pollution混合污染constructed wetland人工湿地cooling waters冷却水crop waste作物废物depleted uranium bomb贫铀弹desert locusts沙漠蝗虫disaster clean-up operations灾难清理作业disaster preparedness防灾准备disaster prevention防灾disaster relief灾难救援disposal sites处置场所domestic garbage家庭垃圾drinking water饮用水dust storm 沙尘暴eco-demonstration region生态示范区ecological forest生态林ecological forecasting 生态预报El Nino厄尔尼诺现象electric power plants发电厂emergency relief measures应急减灾措施emergency relief紧急救援emergency shelter应急避难所emission standard排放标准endangered wildlife濒危野生动物energy transformation能源转换energy utilization能源利用enriched uranium浓缩铀environmental accidents环境事故environmental contingency planning环境应急方案environmental degradation环境恶化environmental health hazards环境健康危害environmental impact assessments 环境影响评估environmental awareness环保意识environmental monitoring环境检测environmental sensitive area环境敏感地区environment-friendly agriculture生态农业environment-friendly products环保产品excess reclamation过度开垦exhaust purifier尾气净化器extinct species灭绝的物种fast-growing trees速生林flood control防洪food additives食品添加剂food contamination食品污染forest coverage森林覆盖率fossil fuels矿物燃料gas-fueled vehicles天然气汽车global warming全球变暖groundwater pollution地下水污染hazardous substances危险物质hazardous wastes危险废物health facilities卫生设施holiday resort 旅游胜地hospital wastes医院废物human exposure to pollutants人体接触污染物human-made disasters人为灾难hydrologic observatory水文观测站immunological diseases免疫疾病incineration of waste废物燃烧industrial dust discharge工业粉尘排放industrial effluents工业废水industrial emissions工业排放物industrial fumes工业烟尘industrial solid wastes工业固体废物inorganic pollutants无机污染物landscaping design for environmental purposes美化环境lead contamination铅污染lead-free gasoline无铅汽油liquefied gas液化气liquid wastes液体废物mine filling矿山回填mining wastes采矿废物motor vehicle exhaust汽车尾气排放municipal waste城市废物natural ecosystems自然生态系统natural habitats生存环境nature reserve自然保护区nitrate dioxide二氧化氮noise abatement噪音治理non-renewable resources不可再生资源nuclear safety核平安ocean dumping海洋倾倒oil residue recuperation残油回收oil spills石油泄漏ore deposits矿床organic pollutants有机污染物organic solvents有机溶剂origin of species物种起源ozone layer臭氧层persistent organic pollutants难降解有机污染物pesticide residue农药残留pharmaceutical wastes医药废物physical alterations自然改变plastic wastes塑料废物pollution abatement污染治理pollution by sulfur 硫污染pollution control technology污染控制技术pollution fines 污染罚款pollution monitoring污染监测pollution risk污染风险pollution sources污染源precipitation probability 降水概率protected areas保护区radiation effects辐射效应radiation protection辐射防护radiation sickness辐射病radioactive contamination放射性污染radioactive decontamination放射性污染去除radioactive substances放射性物质refuse incinerator垃圾焚化厂refuse landfill垃圾填埋场renewable resources可再生资源sand breaks防沙林sand dunes沙丘sanitary landfills卫生填埋scrap metals废金属sea level海平面sea outfall海洋排泄口sea water desalinization海水淡化seismic sea waves地震海浪septic tanks化粪池sewage disposal污水处置sewage treatment systems污水处理系统shifting cultivation林农轮作small-displacement vehicles小排量汽车smoke prevention防烟soil alkalization土壤盐碱化soil conservation土壤保持soil degradation土壤退化soil erosion土壤侵蚀solar radiation太阳辐射solid wastes固体废物soot emissions烟尘排放strip mining露天采矿sulfur dioxide 二氧化硫surface waters地表水temperate forests温带森林temperate woodlands温带林地thermal pollution热污染thermal sea power海洋热能throwaway bio-degradable plastic bags可降解一次性塑料袋tidal energy潮汐能toxic emission废气排放toxic substances有毒物质toxic waste有毒废物traffic noise交通噪音tsunami warning system海啸预警系统vicious cycle恶性循环waste conversion techniques废物转化技术waste disposal废物处置waste heat废热waste minimization废物最少化waste recovery废物回收waste use废物利用water and soil erosion水土流失water conservation节约用水water saving fixtures节水装置water shortage缺水white pollution白色污染wind breaks防风林wind energy风能wind erosion风蚀三、军事类1.单词：accommodation /əkɔmədeiʃən/ n. 生活舱alliance /əlaiəns/ n. 联盟ammunition /æmju niʃən/ n.弹药analog /ænəlɔɡ/ n.模拟annihilation /ənaiəleiʃən/ n.歼灭anthrax /ænθræks/ n. 炭疽(病)aperture /æpətjuə/ n. 孔径armada /ɑ:mɑ:də/ n.舰队arsenal /ɑ:sənəl/ n.军火库artillery /ɑ:tiləri/ n.大炮attacker /ətækə/ n.强击机attention /ətenʃən/ n.立正badge /bædʒ/ n. 奖章band /bænd/ n.多层铁丝网bandage /bændidʒ/ n.绷带barrel /bærəl/ n.炮管battalion /bətæljən/ n. 营battle /bætl/n.战斗battlefield /bæt(ə)lfi:ld/ n.战场battleship /bætl/ n.战列舰bayonet /beiənit/ n.刺刀bazooka /bəzu:kə/ n. 反坦克火箭筒beachhead /bi:tʃhed/ n. 滩头阵地beret /berei/ n. 贝蕾帽Blitz /blits/ n.闪电战blockade /blɔkeid/ n.封锁bomber /bɔmə/ n. 轰炸机brigade /briɡeid/ n. 旅camouflage /kæmuflɑ:ʒ/ n.伪装canister /kænistə/ n.霰弹筒cannon /kænən/ n. 火炮canteen /kæn ti:n/ n.军用水壶cantonment /kæn tu:nmənt/ n.驻扎captain /kæptin/ n. 上尉cartridge /kɑ:tridʒ/ n.子弹casualty /kæʒjuəlti/ n.伤亡catapult /kætəpʌlt/ n.舰载机起飞弹射装置cavalry /kævəlri/ n.骑兵chaplain /tʃæplin/ n.随军牧师cluster /klʌstə/ n. 集束炸弹cockpit /kɔkpit/ n.驾驶舱colonel /kə:nl/ n.上校commando /kəmɑ:ndəu/ n.突击队〔员〕company /kʌmpəni/ n.连concentration /kɔnsən treiʃən/ n. 集结conscript /kən skript/ v.征募contain /kən tein/ v. 钳制contingent /kən tindʒənt/ n. 小分队corvette /kɔ:vet/ n.护卫艇counterattack /kauntərətæk/n. 反攻, 还击court-martial /kɔ:t mɑ:ʃəl/ n.军事法庭cruiser /kru:zə/ n. 巡洋舰defense /di fens/ n. 防卫deploy /di plɔi/ v.部署destroyer /dis trɔiə/ n.驱逐舰deterrence /di terəns/ n.威慑disarmament /disɑ:məmənt/ n.裁军dismiss /dis mis/ v. 解散division /di viʒən/ n. 师echelon /eʃəlɔn/ n. 梯形编队encirclement /in sə:klmənt/ n. 包围，孤立化extremist /iks tri:mist/ n. 极端分子firepower /faiəpauə/ n. 火力fission /fiʃən/ n.〔原子的〕裂变formation /fɔ:meiʃən/ n.编队fortification /fɔ:tifi keiʃən/ n. 防御工事frigate /friɡit/ n.护卫舰fusion /fju:ʒən/ n. 核聚变guidance /ɡaidəns/ n. 制导hardware /hɑ:dwɛə/ n. 装备hegemonism /hiɡemənizəm/ n.霸权主义howitzer /hauitsə/ n.榴弹炮igniter /iɡnait/ v.点燃infrared /infrəred/ a. 红外线initiative /i niʃiətiv/ n.主动权intercept /intəsept/ v.拦截interceptor /intəseptə/ n. 拦截机joystick /dʒɔi stik/ n.操纵杆launch /lɔ:ntʃ/ v. 发射lay /lei/ v. 瞄准lieutenant /lef tenənt/ n. 中尉lift /lift/ v.空运litter /litə/ n. 担架load /ləud/ v.装弹lookout /lukaut/ n.警戒march /mɑ:tʃ/ v.进军missile /misail/ n.导弹mobilization /məubilai zeiʃən/ n.发动muzzle /mʌzl/ n. 枪口，炮口non-proliferation /nɔnprəu lifəreiʃən/ n.不扩散orbit /ɔ:bit/ n.轨道paratroop /pærətru:p/ n. (复数)空降部队parity /pæriti/ n.均势periscope /periskəup/ n. 潜望镜platoon /plətu:n/ n.排pullback /pulbæk/ n. 撤军regiment /redʒimənt/ n.团shrapnel /ʃræpnəl/ n.流霰弹silo /sailəu/ n. 发射井sonar /səunɑ:/ n.声纳squad /skwɔd/ n.班stronghold /strɔŋhəuld/ n. 要塞据点submarine /sʌbməri:n/ n. 潜艇surrender /sərendə/ v.投降terrorism /terərizəm/ n.恐怖主义terrorist /terərist/ n.恐怖主义者theater /θiətə/ n. 战区torpedo /tɔ:pi:dəu/ n. 鱼雷trajectory /trædʒiktəri/ n.飞行弹道2.词组：aerial refueling空中加油air assault 空袭air base空军基地air defense alerting device 防空预警装置air defense anti-missile system 防空反导弹系统air defense artillery 高射炮air defense防空air raid空袭airborne alert 空中警戒aircraft carrier航空母舰airland battle空降作战air-to-air missile空对空导弹air-to-surface missile空对地导弹all-out attack 全面进攻ammunition depot 弹药库ammunition store弹药舱amphibious force海陆空军amphibious landing两栖登陆amphibious tank水陆坦克anti-ballistic missile反弹道导弹anti-ship missile反舰导弹anti-sub torpedo反潜鱼雷anti-submarine missile反潜导弹anti-submarine vessel反潜舰armed helicopter武装直升机armor-piercing projectile 穿甲弹arms control 军备控制arms expansion 扩军arms race 军备竞赛arms reductions 军队裁减arms sales 武器销售at ease稍息atomic bomb 原子弹aviation personnel 航空兵bacteriological weapon 细菌武器balance of power 力量均势ballistic missile defense弹道导弹防御ballistic missile 弹道导弹battle plane战斗机biological and chemical weapons 生化武器blue alert空袭警报capital tank主战坦克cargo planes 运输机carpet bomb 地毯式轰炸chemical defense corps 防化兵civilian use 民用coast guard 海岸警卫队cold war冷战combat power战斗能力combat radius 作战半径command post战地指挥所communications satellite 通讯卫星conventional submarine 常规潜艇conventional weapons 常规武器count off报数cruise missile巡航导弹defense spending国防开支defense system analysis防御系统分析department of defense国防部depth charge深水炸弹director radar引导雷达dog fight 空中搏斗drag parachute减速伞dress right向右看齐early warning satellite预警卫星electronic fighter电子战机electronic reconnaissance satellite电子侦察卫星escort vessel护卫舰fall in集合fighter plane歼击机fleet depot ship舰队补给舰flight deck飞行甲板fuel bunker油料舱fuel tank燃油箱gasoline transport ship汽油运输船geo-synchronous satellite 地球同步卫星global positioning system 全球定位系统ground attack地面进攻group army 集团军guidance device制导装置guidance radar制导雷达guided-missile submarine导弹潜艇gun sight瞄准镜heavy tank重型坦克high explosive 高能烈性炸药high-speed reconnaissance plane高速侦察机hydrogen bomb氢弹intercontinental ballistic missile 洲际弹道导弹intercontinental missile洲际导弹intermediate range ballistic missile中程弹道导弹joint military drill联合军事演习joint operations联合作战junior officer 下级军官,尉官landing ship登陆舰launch vehicle 运载火箭launcher 发射装置launching guidance device发射制导装置launching tower发射塔launching tube发射管lead element 先头部队light bomber轻型轰炸机light tank轻型坦克long-range ballistic missile远程弹道导弹low earth orbit近地卫星low frequency低频machine gun机炮marine crop海军陆战队marine radar航海雷达maximum range 最大射程medium tank中型坦克medium-range ballistic missile中程弹道导弹medium-range missile中程导弹military bloc 军事集团military buildup 军事集结military communications satellite军用通讯卫星military hardware 武器装备military meteorological satellite军用气象卫星military satellite军事卫星military science 兵法，军事学military use 军用military vessel战舰mine sweeping vessel扫雷舰mine-sweeping helicopter扫雷直升机mine-sweeping tank扫雷坦克missile frigate导弹护卫舰missile speedboat导弹快艇moon craft 月球探测机mushroom cloud蘑菇状烟云mutual non-aggression 互不侵犯mutual non-interference 互不干预national defense 国防national security 国家平安national sovereignty 国家主权naval blockade海上封锁naval fleet海军舰队navigation radar导航雷达navigation satellite导航卫星neutral country 中立国nominal weapon 低威力核武器non-nuclear weapon states非核武器国家non-use assurance 不使用核武器保证nuclear deterrent 核威慑力量nuclear device 核装置nuclear proliferation 核扩散nuclear radiation 核辐射nuclear reactor 核反响堆nuclear testing 核试验nuclear weapon states 核武器国nuclear weapon-free zone 无核区nuclear-powered aircraft核动力航空母舰out of rank出列peaceful coexistence 和平共处reconnaissance satellite侦察卫星refueling stop 补给站regional disarmament 区域裁军remote sensing technology 遥感技术rocket engine 火箭发动机rocket launching site火箭发射场salvage vessel打捞回收船satellite communications vehicle卫星通信车sea depot ship海上补给船secretary of defense国防部长shock wave冲击波sighting device 瞄准器space station宇宙空间站special taskforce特种部队stealth bomber隐形轰炸机strategic bomber战略轰炸机strategic missile战略导弹:strategic nuclear weapon 战略核武器strategic offense 战略进攻submarine mine水雷surface to-surface missile地对地导弹surface-to-air missile地对空导弹survey vessel测量船tactical operation战术意图tanker aircraft空中加油机task force 特遣部队tender ship供给舰theater nuclear forces 战区核武器部队torpedo boat鱼雷艇trainer aircraft教练机transport plane运输机transport ship运输舰unilateral disarmament 单边裁军warning radar警戒雷达四、科技网络类1.单词：access /ækses/ n.访问activate /æktiveit/ v.激活attribute /ætribju:t/ n.属性audio/ɔ:djəu/ n.音频backup /bækʌp/ n.备份bandwidth /bændwidθ/ n. 带宽binary /bainəri/ a.二进制biochip /baiəutʃip/ n.生物芯片bioengineering /baiəu endʒi niriŋ/ n.生物工程biotechnology /baiəutek nɔlədʒi/ n. 生物技术bit /bit/ n.比特blog /blɔɡ/ n.博客bluetooth /blu:tu:θ/ n.蓝牙broad /brɔ:d/ n.宽带browse /brauz/ v.浏览bus /bʌs/ n. 总线byte /bait/ n.字节case /keis/ n.机箱chip /tʃip/ n. 芯片click /klik/ v.点击client /klaiənt/ n.计算机的用户clone /kləun/ n.克隆code /kəud/ n.密码command /kəmɑ:nd/ n.指令compatibility /kəm pæti biliti/ n.兼容configuration /kən fiɡju reiʃən/ n. 配置copy /kɔpi/ n.复制copyright /kɔpirait/ n.版权cruise /kru:z/ v.漫游cursor /kə:sə/ n. 光标cut /kʌt/ v.剪切database /deitəbeis/ n. 数据库debug /ˌdi:ˈbʌɡ/ v. 调试default /di fɔ:lt/ n.默认delete /di li:t/ v.删除demo /deməu/ n.演示desktop /desktɔp/ n. 桌上型的电脑digital /didʒitəl/ a.数字显示的download /daunləud/ v.下载driver /draivə/ n.驱动程序或驱动器execute /eksikju:t/ v.执行facilitate /fəsiliteit/ v.促进file /fail/ n. 文件folder /fəuldə/ n.文件夹font /fɔnt/ n. 字体format /fɔ:mæt/ v.硬盘扇区格式化gadget /ɡædʒit/ n. 小玩意gateway /ɡeitwei/ n.网关generator /dʒenəreitə/ n. 发电机graphics /ɡræfiks/ n.图形hacker /hækə/ n. 黑客hardware /hɑ:dwɛə/ n. 硬件hub /hʌb/ n. 集线器icon /aikɔn/ n. 图标image /imidʒ/ n.图像immunity /i mju:nəti/ n.免疫input /input/ n.输入install /in stɔ:l/ v. 安装interface intəfeis/ n. 界面invader /in veidə/ n.入侵者know-how /nəuhau/ n. 技能，专业知识laptop /læptɔp/ n. 笔记本电脑license /laisəns/ v. 许可证mainboard /mein bɔ:d/ n. 主板malfunction /mæl fʌŋkʃən/ n.故障manual /mænjuəl/ n.使用手册，指南menu /menju:/ n.菜单modem /məudem/ n.调制解调器monitor /mɔnitə/ n.监视器moonwalk /mu:n wɔ:k/ n. 太空行走multimedia /mʌlti mi:djə/ n.多媒体outage /autidʒ/ n.断电outlet /autlet/ n. 插座password /pɑ:swə:d/ n.口令paste /peist/ v. 粘贴piracy /pairəsi/ n. 盗版pixel /piksəl/ n.像素power /pauə/ n.电源program /prəuɡræm/ n. 程序release /ri li:s/ v. 发布resolution /rezəlu:ʃən/ n.分辨率restart /ri:stɑ:t/ v. 重新启动roam /rəum/ v.漫游router /rautə/ n.路由器scanner /skænə/ n.扫描仪serum /siərəm/ n. 血清server /sə:və/ n.效劳器socket /sɔkit/ n. 插槽，插座software /sɔftwɛə/ n. 软件static /stætik/ a.静电的supersonic /sju:pəsɔnik/ a.超音速的teleconference /telikɔnfərəns/ n. 会议template /templit/ n.模版text /tekst/ n. 文本transmission /trænz miʃən/ n. 传输，传送undo /ʌn du/ v. 撤消update /ʌp deit/ v.更新upgrade /ʌpɡreid/ v. 升级upload /ʌp ləud/ n. 上传up-to-date /ʌptədeit/ a. 最新的video /vidiəu/ n.视频videophone /vidiəufəun/ n. 可视virus /vaiərəs/ n.病毒webpage /web peidʒ/ n. 网页website /web sait/ n.网站workstation /wə:ksteiʃən/ n.工作站，连到效劳器的单个计算机X-ray /eksrei/ n. X光词组：ABS (anti-lock braking system) 防抱死系统agriculture industrialization农业产业化。
法律英语词汇大全(完美打印版)
法律渊源source of law制定法statute判例法case law; precedent 普通法common law特别法special law固有法native law; indigenous law继受法adopted law实体法substantial law程序法procedural law原则法fundamental law例外法exception law司法解释judicial interpretation习惯法customary law公序良俗public order and moral自然法natural law罗马法Roman Law私法private law公法public law市民法jus civile万民法jus gentium民法法系civil law system 英美法系system of Anglo-American law大陆法系civil law system 普通法common law大陆法continental law罗马法系Roman law system衡平法equity; law of equity 日尔曼法Germantic law教会法ecclesiastical law寺院法canon law伊斯兰法Islamic law民法法律规范norm of civil law授权规范authorization norm禁止规范forbidding norm 义务性规范obligatory norm命令性规范commanding norm民法基本原则fundamentalprinciples of civil law平等原则principle ofequality自愿原则principle of freewill公平原则principle ofjustice等价有偿原则principle ofequal value exchange诚实信用原则principle ofgood faith行为act作为ac不作为omission合法行为lawful act违法行为unlawful act民事权利权利能力civilright绝对权absolute right相对权relative right优先权right of priority先买权preemption原权antecedent right救济权right of relief支配权right of dominion请求权right of claim物上请求权right of claimfor real thing形成权right of formation撤销权right of claimingcancellation否认权right of claimingcancellation解除权right ofrenouncement代位权subrogated right选择权right of choice承认权right of admission终止权right of termination抗辩权right of defense一时性抗辩权momentaryright of defense永久性抗辩权permanentcounter-argument right不安抗辩权unstablecounter-argument right同时履行抗辩权defenseright of simultaneousperformance既得权tested right期待权expectant right专属权exclusive right非专属权non-exclusiveright人身权利personal right人权human right人格权right of personality生命健康权right of life andhealth姓名权right of name名称权right of name肖像权right of portraiture自由权right of freedom名誉权right reputation隐私权right of privacy私生活秘密权right ofprivacy贞操权virginity right身份权right of status亲权parental power;parental right亲属权right of relative探视权visitation right配偶权right of spouse荣誉权right of honor权利的保护protection ofright公力救济public protection私力救济self-protection权利本位standard of right社会本位standard ofsociety无责任行为irresponsibleright正当防卫justifiable right;ligitimate defence防卫行为act of defence自为行为self-conducting act紧急避险act of rescue; necessity自助行为act of self-help不可抗力force majeure意外事件accident行为能力capacity for act意思能力capacity of will 民事行为civil act意思表示declaration of intention意思表示一致meeting of minds; consensus完全行为能力perfect capacity for act限制行为能力restrictive capacity for act准禁治产人quasi-interdicted person保佐protection自治产人minor who is capable of administering his own capacity无行为能力incapacity for act禁治产人interdicted person 自然人natural person公民citizen住所domicile居所residence经常居住地frequently dwelling place户籍census register监护guardianship个体工商户individual business农村承包经营户leaseholding rural household 合伙partnership合伙人partner合伙协议partnership agreement合伙财产property ofpartnership合伙债务debt ofpartnership入伙join partnership退伙withdrawal frompartnership合伙企业partnershipbusiness establishment个人合伙partnership法人合伙partnership oflegal person特别合伙specialpartnership普通合伙generalpartnership有限合伙limitedpartnership民事合伙civil partnership隐名合伙sleepingpartnership; dormantpartnership私营企业private enterprise;proprietorship法人legal person企业法人legal body ofenterprise企业集团group ofenterprise关联企业affiliate enterprise个人独资企业individualbusiness establishment国有独资企业solelystate-owned enterprise中外合资企业Sino-foreignjoint venture enterprise中外合作企业Sino-foreigncontractual enterprise社团法人legal body ofmass organization财团法人legal body offinancial group联营joint venture法人型联营association oflegal persons合伙型联营coordinatedmanagement in partnership协作型联营cooperation-type coordinatedmanagement合作社cooperative民事法律行为civil legalact单方民事法律行为unilateral civil legal act双方民事法律行为bilateralcivil legal act多方民事法律行为joint actcivil legal act有偿民事法律行为civillegal act with consideration无偿民事法律行为civillegal act withoutconsideration; civil legal actwithout award实践性民事法律行为practical civil legal act法律翻译公司诺成性民事法律行为consental civil legal act要式民事法律行为formalcivil legal act不要式民事法律行为informal civil legal act要因民事法律行为causative civil legal act不要因民事法律行为noncausative civil legal act主民事法律行为principalcivil legal act从民事法律行为accessorycivil legal act附条件民事法律行为conditional civil legal act附期限民事法律行为civillegal act with term生前民事法律行为civillegal act before death死后民事法律行为civil legal act after death准民事法律行为quasi-civil legal act无效行为ineffective act可撤销民事行为revocable civil act违法行为illegal act; unlawful act侵权行为tort欺诈fraud胁迫duress乘人之危taking advantage of others’precarious position以合法形式掩盖非法目的legal form concealing illegal intention恶意串通malicious collaboration重大误解gross misunderstanding显失公平obvious unjust误传misrepresentation代理agency本人principal被代理人principal受托人trustee代理人agent本代理人original agent法定代理人statutory agent; legal agent委托代理人agent by mandate指定代理人designated agent复代理人subagent再代理人subagent转代理人subagent代理权right of agency授权行为act of authorization授权委托书power of attorney代理行为act of agency委托代理agency bymandate本代理original agency复代理subagency次代理subagency有权代理authorized agency表见代理agency byestoppel; apparent agency律师代理agency by lawyer普通代理general agency全权代理general agency全权代理委托书generalpower of attorney共同代理joint agency独家代理sole agency居间brokerage居间人broker行纪commission; brokerhouse信托trust时效time limit; prescription;limitation时效中止suspension ofprescription/limitation时效中断interruption oflimitation/prescription时效延长extension oflimitation取得时效acquisitiveprescription时效终止lapse of time;termination of prescription期日date期间term涉外民事关系civilrelations with foreignelements冲突规范rule of conflict准据法applicable law;governing law反致renvoi; remission转致transmission识别identification公共秩序保留reserve ofpublic order法律规避evasion of law国籍nationality国有化nationalization法律责任legal liability民事责任civilliability/responsibility行政责任administrativeliability/responsibility刑事责任criminalliability/responsibility违约责任liability of breachof contract; responsibility ofdefault有限责任limited liability无限责任unlimited liability按份责任shared/severalliability连带责任joint and severalliability过失责任liability fornegligence; negligentliability过错责任fault liability;liability for fault单独过错sole fault共同过错joint fault混合过错mixed fault被害人过错victim’s fault第三人过错third party’sfault推定过错presumptive fault恶意bad faith; malice故意deliberate intention;intention; willfulness过失negligence重大过失gross negligence疏忽大意的过失carelessand inadvertent negligence过于自信的过失negligencewith undue assumption损害事实facts of damage 有形损失tangible damage/loss无形损失intangible damage/loss财产损失property damage/loss人身损失personal damage/loss精神损失spiritual damage/loss民事责任承担方式methods of bearing civil liability停止侵害cease the infringing act排除妨碍exclusion of hindrance; removal of obstacle消除危险elimination of danger返还财产restitution of property恢复原状restitution; restitution of original state赔偿损失compensate for a loss; indemnify for a loss支付违约金payment of liquidated damage消除影响eliminate ill effects恢复名誉rehabilitate one’s reputation赔礼道歉extend a formal apology物权jus ad rem; right in rem; real right物权制度real right system; right in rem system一物一权原则the principal of One thing, One Right物权法定主义principal of legality of right in rem 物权公示原则principal ofpublic summons of right inrem物权法jus rerem物property生产资料raw material forproduction生活资料means oflivelihood; means ofsubsistence流通物res in commercium;a thing in commerce限制流通物limitedmerchantable thing禁止流通物res extracommercium; a thing out ofcommerce资产asset固定资产fixed asset流动资产current asset;floating asset动产movables; chattel不动产immovable; realestate特定物res certae; a certainthing种类物genus; indefinitething可分物res divisibiles;divisible things不可分物res indivisibiles;indivisible things主物res capitalis; aprincipal thing从物res accessoria; anaccessory thing原物original thing孳息fruits天然孳息natural fruits法定孳息legal fruits无主物bona vacatia; vacantgoods; ownerless goods遗失物lost property漂流物drifting object埋藏物fortuna; hiddenproperty货币currency证券securities债券bond物权分类classification ofright in rem/real right自物权jus in re propria;right of full ownership所有权dominium;ownership; title所有权凭证document oftitle; title of ownership占有权dominium utile;equitable ownership使用权right of use; right touse of收益权right to earnings;right to yields处分权right of disposing;jus dispodendi善意占有possession ingood faith恶意占有maliciouspossession按份共有severalpossession共同共有joint possession他物权jus in re aliena用益物权real right forusufruct使用权right to use; right ofuse土地使用权right to the useof land林权forest ownership采矿权mining ownership经营权managerial authority;power of management承包经营权right tocontracted management相邻权neighboring right;relatedright地上权superficies永佃权jus emphyteuticum; right to landed estate granted in perpetuity through a contract地役权servitude; easement 人役权servitus personarum; personal servitude担保物权real right for security物的担保security for thing 物的瑕疵担保warranty against defect of a thing抵押权hypotheca; hypothecation; right to mortgage抵押权的设定creation of right to mortgage抵押人mortgagor抵押权人mortgagee抵押标的物collateral; estate under mortgage抵押权的效力deffect of right to mortgage抵押权的次序sequence of right to mortgage抵押权的抛弃abandonment of right to mortgage抵押权的让与alienation of right to mortgage抵押权的实现materialization of right to mortgage抵押权的消灭extinction of right to mortgageregistration of estate under mortgage抵押物登记registration of estate under mortgage抵押优先权priority of mortgage留置权lien一般留置权general lien特别留置权special lien 质权hypotheque; pledge;right of pledge佃权tenant right债权jus in personam; rightto give or procure; claim;creditor’s right债权人creditor债务人debtor相对人counterpart; offeree给付give; pay债务debt; liability;obligation债务的偿还payment ofdebt债务的偿清discharge ofdebt债务的担保guarantee ofdebt债务的合并consolidationof debt债务的给付日期debtmaturity债务的免除exemption ofdebt债的分类obligatio;obligation法定之债legal obligation任意之债voluntaryobligation简单之债simple obligation选择之债alternativeobligation主债prime/principalobligation从债accessory obligation单一之债single obligation按份之债several obligation连带之债joint obligation特定之债certain obligation种类之债indefiniteobligation合同之债contractualobligation侵权行为之债tortobligation损害赔偿之债obligation ofcompensation for injury;obligation of damages人身损害damage to person精神损害moral/mental/spiritualdamage医药费hospital treatmentexpense医疗费medical charge抚恤金pension慰问金consolation money产品瑕疵defect of product不当得利unjust enrichment无因管理voluntary service债的担保guarantee ofobligation财产担保propertyguarantee信用担保credit guarantee让与担保alienationguarantee保证guaranty明示保证express guaranty默示保证implied guaranty保证人guarantor保证合同contract ofguaranty/suretyship保证金guaranty bond;security deposit押金deposit; foregift预付款advanced payment定金earnest money; deposit违约金liquidated damages法定违约金liquidateddamages by law约定违约金liquidateddamages by agreement债的履行performance ofobligation实际履行原则doctrine ofspecific performance情事变更原则doctrine of change of circumstances不当履行misfeasance清偿discharge; satisfaction 提存debtor’s submission of the subject matter of obligation to competent authority抵销setoff知识产权intellectual property知识产权国际保护international protection of intellectual property国民待遇原则doctrine of national treatment优先权原则 a right of priority doctrine自动保护原则doctrine of automatic protection特许权使用费royalties智力成果intellectual property著作权copyright版权copyright著作权人copyright owner 创作creation作品opus; product; work著作人格权right of personality of copyright发表权right of publication 署名权right of authorship; right of paternity修改权right of modification; right of revision完整性保持权right to maintain integrity不可侵犯权inviolability收回权right of recall; right of retrieval自费出版publish a book at the author’s own expense著作财产权property right in work使用收益分享权right toshare usufruct利用权right to make use of获得报酬权right to getpayment重播权right ofrebroadcasting录制权right of fixation机械复制权right ofmechanograph; right ofmechanical reproduction著作邻接权neighboringright of copyright剽窃plagiary; plagiarism盗版pirate盗版VCD pirated VCD伪造forge工业产权industrialproperty专利权patent right优先权日priority date申请在先原则priorapplication rule使用在先priority of use新颖性novelty创造性creativity实用性practicability发明创造invention andcreation实用新型utility model外观设计design; industrialdesign发明权right of invention发现权right of discovery专利申请patent application专利异议objection to apatent专利公告patent gazette专利续展费renewal fee ofpatent专利许可协议patentlicensing agreement技术诀窍know-how专有技术know-how专利证书certificate ofpatent专利事务所patent office专利代理patent agency中华人民共和国专利局Patent Office of the People’sRepublic of China商标权trademark right商标国际注册internationalregistration of trademark商品商标commoditytrademark服务商标service trademark驰名商标reputed trademark广告商标advertisementtrademark近似商标similar trademark商标评审委员会tradereview and appraisal board商标审查trademarkexamination商标侵权trademarkinfringement商标注册registeredtrademark商标公告trademark gazette注册商标使用许可licensing of registeredtrademark注册商标转让assignmentof registered trademark商标使用许可协议trademark licensingagreement商标事务所trademarkoffice商标代理trademark agency婚姻、家庭、继承、收养marriage, family, inheritance,adoption婚姻法marital law;marriage law包办婚姻arranged marriage 财产分割partition; dismemberment of property 重婚bigamy独生子女only child法律婚legal marriage非婚生子女illegitimate child夫妻共同财产community property夫妻关系conjugal relationship夫妻分居divorce a mensa et thoro; divorce from bed and board复婚resumption of marriage感情破裂incompatibility婚后财产公证notarization of postnuptial properties婚姻登记marriage registration婚生子女ligitimate child计划生育birth control结婚marry离婚divorce买卖婚姻mercenary marriage拟制血亲blood relations in fiction of law旁系血亲collateral relation blood relation涉外婚姻marriage with foreign elements配偶spouse事实婚de facto marriage诉讼离婚divorce by litigation探视权visitation right同居cohabitation晚婚late marriage无效婚姻void marriage协议离婚divorce by agreement 一夫一妻制monogamy早婚early marriage直系血亲lineal descent自然血亲natural bloodrelation收养法adoption law收养协议adoptionagreement收养人adoptive parent送养人person or institutionplacing out a child foradoption涉外收养adoption withforeign elements继承法inheritance law; lawof succession法定继承legal seccession遗嘱继承intestatesuccession遗赠继承succession bydevise自然继承natural succession代位继承representation;succession by subrogation世袭继承hereditarysuccession间接继承indirectsuccession转继承subsuccession共同继承joint succession单独继承single succession继承人heir; successor第二顺序继承人successorsecond in order第一顺序继承人successorfirst in order继承参与人successionparticipant遗产inheritance; heritage遗产继承人heir to property;inheritor遗言last will and testament遗书last words遗赠bequest; legacy; devise遗赠抚养协议legacy-support agreement会计法accounting law税法tax law; taxation law反不正当竞争法anti-unfaircompetition law消费者权益保护法consumer’s interestprotection law产品责任法productionliability law消费者权益法consumerrights and interests law公司法company law;corporate law公司company; corporation有限责任公司limitedliability company股份有限公司companylimited by shares无限公司unlimitedcompany股份两合公司joint stocklimited liability partnership两合公司joint liabilitycompany控股公司holding company集团公司group company合资公司joint venturecompany联营公司associatedcompany; affiliated company国营公司state-owncompany国有公司state-ownedcompany民营公司civilian-runcompany本国公司national/domesticcompany外国公司foreign company上市公司listed company母公司parent company子公司subsidiary皮包公司briefcase company; fundless company 募集设立incorporation by stock floatation发起人floater; initiator公司名称name of company 公司住址domicile of company出资contribution; capital subscription现金出资investment in cash实物出资investment in kind工业产权出资investment in industrial property right非专有技术出资investment in non-patent technology劳务出资investment in labor高新技术成果出资investment in hi-tech achievements注册资本registered capital 实缴资本paid-in capital验资报告capital verification report会计师事务所certified public accountants注册会计师certified public accountant资本三原则three doctrine of capital资本确定原则doctrine of capital determination资本维持原则doctrine of capital maintenance资本不变原则doctrine of unchanging capital最低资本额制度minimum capital system公司章程articles of association; articles ofincorporation; bylaw公司登记incorporation;corporate registration公司存续existence ofcompany公司合并分立merger andsplit of company公司并购corporate mergerand acquisition公司管理corporategovernance; companymanagement公司法律顾问corporatecounsel公司整顿companyrectification公司歇业closure ofbusiness公司和解companycomposition公司解散companydissolution公司清算companyliquidation公司清理companywinding-up竞业禁止non-commpete;competition prohibition招股章程prospectus股本stock capital股东shareholder股东大会shareholders’meeting股东大会决议resolution ofshareholders’meeting股东大会议事规则rule ofprocedure of shareholders’meeting表决权voting right; right tovote董事director董事长president/chairmanof the board首席执行官chief executiveofficer(CEO)首席运营官chief operationofficer(COO)执行董事executive director常务董事managing director董事会board of directors董事会领导下的经理负责制responsibility system ofthe chief executive officerunder the leadership of theboard of directors经理独立负责制managerindependent responsibilitysystem监事supervisor监事会board of supervisors股share; stock普通股common stock特别股special stock资格股qualification stock优先股preferred stock劣后股inferior stock表决权股stock with votingpower溢价股premium stock折价股converting stock国家股state-owned share集体股collective share法人股corporate share企业股enterprise share个人股individual share股息dividend红股bonus stock; dividendstock法定公积金legalaccumulation fund资本公积金capitalaccumulation fund盈余公积金surplusaccumulation fund任意公积金optionalaccumulation fund公司犯罪corporate crime证券法securities law证券发行issuance of securities证券上市list securities; float an issue证券交易所stock exchange 证券商securities dealer证券公司securities company证券承销商consortium of underwriters证券承销合同underwriting contract证券经纪人securities broker披露制度disclosing system 交割日closing date风险投资基金venture capital fund上海证券交易所Shanghai Stock Exchange深圳证券交易所Shenzhen Stock Exchange证券监督委员会securities supervision committee票据法law of negotiable instrument票据notes; bills; commercial instruments商业票据bill; commercial instrument远期票据time bill;; long-dated bill到期票据matured bill即期票据sight bill记名票据bill payable to order; note to order不记名票据bearer instrument本票promissory note支票cheque汇票bill of exchange发票日ticket day 出票日date of draft/issue发票地place of draft/issue票据到期日bill to mature票据金额sum of bill票面价额face value票据出票人drawer票据持票人bill holder票据承兑人bill acceptor票据行为act oncommercial paper承兑票据honor a bill票据议付negotiation拒付票据protest a bill票据付款人drawee票据支付人payer oncommercial instrument票据收款人bill collector票据背书人endorser/indorser of a bill被背书人endorsee票据保证人bill guarantor票据被保证人billpledgee/warrantee再追索人renewedrecourser前手remote holder后手subsequent endorser票据权利right of bill票据期限term of bill; tenor票据债务人debtor ofcommercial instrument追索权right of recourse票据抗辩exception to bill票据丧失loss of bill票据时效prescription ofexchanges票据贴现discount of bill再贴现rediscount of bill恩惠期间term ofbenevolence票据代理agency fornotes/bills/commercialinstruments海商法maritime law船舶国籍证书certificate ofregistry; certificate of ship’snationality船棋国flag country船舶所有权证书certificateof ship ownership船舶检验register of ship船舶保险insurance on hull船舶保险单hull insurancepolicy船舶登记证书certificate ofregistry船舶丈量tonnagemeasurement of ships船舶进港费groundage船舶抵押ship mortgage船舶租赁ship chartering船舶转租shipsubchartering船舶所有人责任限制limitation of liabilities ofship owners船舶碰撞ship collision船舶遇难maritime distress海上灾难perils of the sea海上拖航marine towage船舶扣押detention of ship船舶债权ship’s credit船级社classificationsociety船级证书certificate of class海上留置权maritime lien船舶留置权maritime lien船舶抵押权maritimemortgage海上优先请求权priorityclaim to seagoing ships救助优先权priority claimto salvage共同海损优先权priorityclaim to general average服务优先权priority claimto service货物损害优先权priority claim to cargo damage传播抵押借款和货物抵押借款优先权priority claim to ship credit and goods credit海运合同shipping contract 提单bill of lading(B/L)空舱费dead freight租船费charterage租船合同charter-party contract of affreightment期租船合同time charter-party; time CP航次租船合同voyage charter-party定期租船合同time charter-party光船租船合同bareboat charter-party; bareboat CP包租运输合同shipping charter-party海上旅客运输合同contract for carriage of passengers by sea远洋拖带合同contract of ocean towage港内拖带合同contract of port towage海难救助合同salvage contract海事报告master’s protest;; sea protest海事声明书sea protest海事争议maritime dispute 海事法院maritime court;; admiralty court海事诉讼程序maritime proceedings船舶碰撞案件的民事管辖权civil jurisdiction of sea collision船舶碰撞案件的刑事管辖权criminal jurisdiction of sea collision海事争议的审理hearing/trial of maritimedisputes海事诉讼保全措施measures for maritimeattachment海事优先请求权preferential right topmaritime claim海事请求保全申请书application/petition formaritime attachment海事诉讼法律文书送达service of legal instrumentsin maritimeaction/proceedings涉外海事诉讼管辖权jurisdiction of maritimeaction involving for elements强制变卖被扣押船舶compulsory realization of thedistrained ship海事仲裁程序规则rules ofmaritime arbitrationprocedure保险法insurance law自愿保险voluntaryinsurance强制保险compulsoryinsurance商业保险commercialinsurance财产保险propertyinsurance人身保险personalinsurance人寿保险life insurance健康保险health insurance意外保险accidentinsurance社会保险social insurance养老保险endowmentinsurance医疗保险medical insurance失业保险unemploymentinsurance信用保险credit insurance保证保险guarantyinsurance保险合同insurance contract保险人insurer; underwriter被保险人the insured受益人benificiary投保人applicant forinsurance;; policy holder保险单insurance policy保险标的insurance object保险费premium保险期限time limit ofinsurance保险利益insurable interest保险金额insurance;insurance compensation保险事故insuranceaccident保险赔偿insuranceindemnity保险代理人insurance agent保险经纪人insurancebroker索赔claim代位索赔claim bysubrogation理赔settlement of claim代位求偿权right ofsubrogation委付abandonment退保cancellation/discharging ofinsurance。
澳洲法律相关词汇
澳洲法律相关词汇The accused / defendant (accuser) 被告Contact 探视Acquit/Acquittal 宣告无罪Adjourn/Adjournment 休庭Admit/Admission 供认、招认Admissible 可接纳的Confess 认罪、供认、招认Evidence 证据Advice/advise 告诫Affidavit 宣誓书、经宣誓的书面陈述Allege 指控Alibi 不在现场的证据Appeal 上诉Appellant 上诉人Appear in court 出庭Applicant 申请人Arrest 逮捕Assistance 援助Bail 保释、保释金Barrister 辩护律师Case/matter 案子、诉讼案件Claim 要求权，声称、断言，索赔（damage）,认领（lost or stolen property）Client 委托人Complain 控诉、民事起诉Dereliction of duty 失职、玩忽职守John Doe/ Jane Doe 无名氏Detective 侦探Plain clothes officer 便衣警察Police force 警力Police officer 警察Uniformed police officer 制服警察Squad 科Breath analysis squad 酒精测试小组Drug squad 缉毒科Fraud squad 诈骗科Organised crime squad 反犯罪小组Prison officer 狱卒Common law 普通法Consult 咨询Contempt of court 蔑视法庭Contest 辩驳Contested action 对抗动作Convict/Conviction 定罪，罪犯Co-respondent 共同被告Coroner 法官Costs 费用Counsel 律师Counselling service 心理辅导Stand bail (for sb) 保释某人Apply for bail 申请保释Appeal against bail 保释上诉Present a case 呈递诉讼Charge with 控告Double jeopardy 双重判案、一罪重审Presumption of innocence 无罪推定、无罪假设Presumption of regularity 正当性推定Presumption of sanity 精神正常的推定Beyond all reasonable doubt 不合理的怀疑Benefit of the doubt 最后判决Burden of proof 举证责任Onus 责任Statement 供述Apprehend 逮捕、居留Arrest 逮捕Caution 警告Cell 单人牢房Commit an offence 犯罪Finger print 指纹Homicide squad 犯罪集团Interrogate 审讯Patrol 巡逻队Police station 警察局Criminal record 犯罪记录Release 释放Report 报警；报道Resisting arrest 拒捕Question 疑问Search 搜查Surrender 投降；上交Suspect 嫌疑犯Power of attorney 委托书、授权书、代理权Enduring guardian 永久监护人Prison guard 狱警、管教Prison warden 狱长Hearing 审讯、听证会Mention 庭前审理Committal hearing 庭审Arraignment (District Court) 提讯听证Abscond 潜逃、逃跑Bond 合同Placed/put on bail 保释Good behaviour bond 守行为Custody/in custody 监护权（of children）,拘留、扣留（take into custody）Unlawful custody 非法拘留Pending bail 保释等候Detention centre 拘留中心Imprisonment 坐牢Prison监狱Parole board 假释委员会On parole获准假释Institution 院Gaol 监狱、坐牢Identification 身份证明Probation officer 缓刑官Rehabilitation 戒毒；戒赌Remand 还押On remand 在押Remand centre 拘留所Sentence 判刑Probation 缓刑Suspended sentence 缓刑Legal advice 法律意见Criminal 罪犯Court order 法庭指令Crime 罪行Decree absolute 颁布法令、命令Decree nisi 日后才生效的离婚判决书Cross-examination 盘问Examination in chief 对证人的讯问Damages 损失、损害De facto 事实上、实际上Defend 辩护Defendant 被告Dispute 争论Dissolution of marriage 解除婚姻关系Engage a lawyer 请律师Exculpatory 申明无罪的On the balance of probability 权衡双方证据Jury/juror 陪审团Justice of the Peace (JP) 治安法官Legal action 法律诉讼Administrative Appeals Tribunal 行政上诉仲裁庭Industrial Relations Commission 劳资关系委员会Children’s Court 儿童法庭Juvenile Court 青少年、未成年人法庭District Court 地方法庭Local Court 地方法院Federal Magistrates Court 联邦初级法院Small Claims Tribunal 小额索赔法庭Supreme Court 最高法院Family Court 家庭法院Refugee Review Tribunal 难民上诉仲裁庭Civil Court 民事法庭Migration Review Tribunal 移民上诉仲裁庭High Court 高级法院Criminal Court 刑事法院Subpoena 法院传票Summon 召唤，召开Summons 传票Surety 担保，保证Trial 审判Unlawful arrest 非法逮捕Writ 书面命令，传票Record a plea of 认罪Default judgement 缺席判决Insolvency 破产Remorseful 悔恨的Contrition 悔罪Inhumane 残忍的Senior Counsel, SC (NSW, ACT, QLD) 资深大律师Informant 告密者、线人Solicitor 法务官Guarantor 担保人Apprehended Violence Order (AVO) 禁止令Restraining order 禁令Dissent 不同意Strict liability 严格赔偿责任Absolute liability 绝对赔偿责任Rebuttal 反驳Extradition order 引渡秩序Fees 费用Felony 重罪Fine 罚款Forensic 法庭的、用于法庭的Forfeit 放弃、失去Grounds 证据，理由Guilty 有罪Homicide 杀人、他杀Illicit 非法Illegal 非法Injunction 命令Witness box 证人席Weekend detention 周末扣留Legal aid 法律援助Legal proceedings 法律程序Legal Aid Commission 法律援助委员会Defamation 诽谤Libel 诽谤，中伤Slander 诽谤Litigation 诉讼，打官司Magistrate 裁判官Minor offence 轻罪Misdemeanour 轻罪Null and void 无效、失效Nullify 取消Oath 誓言Affirmation 确认，（上诉院）维持原判Offence 罪行，犯法First offender 初犯Repeated offender [=old offender]屡犯Order 秩序Panel 小组Pass sentence 宣判Plaintiff 原告Plea 答辩Plead 答辩Postmortem 验尸Previous conviction 案底、前科Probate 遗嘱认证Proceedings 诉讼程序Prosecution 控方、控告Prosecutor 检察官、检控官Record a conviction 记录（一项）犯罪Represent 代表Respondent <律>(尤指离婚案的)被告Separation 分居Settle out of court (不经法庭)在法庭外(私下)和解Trespass <律>侵入;侵害,侵犯;侵占Discretion 自由裁量Estoppel 禁止翻供Precedent 先例Prima facie 表面上证据确凿的；初步的Remedy （通过法律程序的）解决方法，救济Tort 〈律〉民事侵权行为Rule of law 法规,法治Sunset clause 〈美〉自动消减条款，夕阳条款Statute of limitation 法定时效;时效法Actus reus；Mens rea 【法】被告的行为, 犯罪行为, 犯罪意图Bilateral treaty 双边条约Capacity 【法律】(法律上享有的)权力，权限Cause of action 〈法〉原告的起诉缘由Cohabit (未婚者)同居Contributory negligence 互有过失，原告的疏忽Duty of care 注意义务Empanel 记入名簿上,选任(陪审员)Extra legal 法权以外的；不受法律支配的, 未经法律制定的.Hung jury 不能做出一致决断的陪审团Litigant 诉讼当事人Mandatory sentence 强制性判决Mitigating 减轻；减缓Negligent 过失的；Nuisance 非法妨害；滋扰行为Overrule 否决, 驳回, 批驳Pro bono 无偿法律援助Chief Justice 审判长,首席法官,法院院长Associate Justice 【法】最高法院的陪审法官, 助理法官Medical/ psychiatric examination 体格检查/精神病检查Misuse of drugs 药物滥用；药物误用；滥用毒品Misdirect the jury 给陪审团下达错误指令Obstructing a police officer 妨碍警方执行公务Assault occasioning bodily harm 袭击伤人罪；伤害他人身体Obtaining goods or credit by false pretences 通过诈骗取得财物Pre-sentence report 判决前的报告Good character 品格良好Character witness 在法庭中对涉讼之一方人格名誉作证的见证人,品德信誉见证人Principal offender 主犯, 正犯Privilege 特权Privileged 保密的, 秘密的；享有特权的Prostitution 卖淫Solicitation 教唆Settlement 〈律〉金钱或财产的转让(契约); 转让的金钱或财产；解决, 和解, 协议Spouse 配偶Sue 控告，起诉Legal practice 法律实践Leading question 对答案有诱导性的提问Consummation 完成,完婚,圆房Motive 动机Act or omission 作为或不作为Overturn 撤销（判决等）Affirm (不经宣誓而)提供正式证词Dismissed 不受理的案子Passing off 假冒Amendment （法律、文件的）改动，修正案，修改，修订Patent 专利,专利权To pervert/obstruct the course of justice 妨碍司法公正Pornography 黄色读物,黄色印刷品,色情出版物,色情画Premium 保费,保险费,报酬, 溢价Provoke/provocation 挑拨,挑衅Stipulation 契约;规定;条文Sum up 向陪审团概述案情Tenants in common 未分股的共同产权；共同租赁人；分权共有人Joint tenant 共同合有者Undertake 担任, 承揽, 从事, 负责; 保证Natural justice 自然正义；自然公正；自然裁断Preside over 主持会议；管理; 对(某事物)负有责任Administer an oath 做宣誓Advocate 辩护律师, 辩护人；(辩护)律师，专门律师，出庭律师(作为头衔用于保留古罗马法律实质的国家和地区，如苏格兰；亦用于英国海事法庭等)Australian Federal Police 澳洲联邦警察Ballistics 弹道学Trajectory （射体在空中的）轨道，弹道，轨迹，流轨Clerk of Court 法院书记官Criminal Assets 犯罪资产Ombudsman 反贪调查员Draw/draft up a document 草拟、起草文件Junior lawyer 初级律师Legal practitioner 开业律师；法律执业人士Brief 案情摘要Deposition (在法庭上的)宣誓作证;证词,证言Unanimous verdict 一致裁定Waive a fee 免除费用Abate a nuisance 排除骚扰Indecent/Aggravated sexual assault 强迫猥亵，非礼Breach of duty 失职,玩忽职守Burglary 入户行窃;入户盗窃罪Capital punishment 死刑Provisions of the Act 法律规定Unprovoked assault 无缘无故的打人, 无正当理由的攻击Punitive damages 惩罚性的损失赔偿Immunity 受保护；豁免；免除Diplomatic immunity 外交豁免权Tainted witness 污点证人Redress/remedy 重加权衡；恢复平衡；恢复公平合理的情况Pardon 赦免；特赦Malicious wounding 伤害罪Chamber 法官的议事室或内庭Concurrent sentence 合并服刑Consecutive sentence 连续判决Dependant 受赡养者,受扶养的家属Disclaimer 免责声明False imprisonment 非法监禁Frivolous 无意义的Infringe/infringement 侵犯，侵害(某人的自由、权益等)Ward of court/ a ward of the court 法庭监护Extenuating circumstances 可使罪行减轻的情况Reasonable person 合理人；理性人Legal person/body corporate 法人/法人团体Due care/due diligence 谨慎处理,克尽职责,适当的注意,适当注意,相当注意Exhaust all avenues of appeal 用尽所有上述手段Lapse 丧失, 失效(商务协议、官员、法律权利等, 尤指因未予运用、死亡或放弃) Interim order 暂时法令Fiduciary duty 受信责任；诚信义务Deed 契据；契约Franchise （公司授予的）特许经销权Royalties 特许使用权费Amendment （法律、文件的）改动，修正案，修改，修订Incriminate 使(某人)显得有罪, 牵连, 归罪于Foreman/foreperson 领班, 工头, 陪审长Quorum 法定人数Age of consent 承诺年龄Respondent (尤指离婚案的)被告Property settlement 财产协议书Deponent 立誓词者,宣誓作证者Separation under the same roof 在同一住所的分居Service (of documents) 送达文书Affiliation proceedings 对私生子女之父的鉴定程序Bigamy 重婚；重婚罪Perform 施行，执行；实行；完成Default (经法院传唤而)不到庭，未出庭，不到案；(因不到庭而)败诉Challenge (对陪审员的出庭等提出的)反对Circumstantial evidence 旁证,间接证据Community service order 社会服务令Conceal evidence 隐藏证据Confession （对使自己羞愧或尴尬的事的）表白，承认;自首, 供认Confiscation of profits of crime 没收犯罪收益Proceeds (买卖等的)收入,收益Coronial inquiry 死因调查Corroboration 进一步的证实;进一步的证据；确证Issue a warrant 发出令状Warrant 令状；执照；许可证;Lessen one’s guilt 施加压力Life imprisonment 无期徒刑Lock-up 拘留所Mandatory penalty 强制惩罚Maximum sentence 最高刑罚Voir dire 一切照实陈述(见证人或陪审员在接受审核时的誓语)Arson 纵火(罪)Accessory 从犯,同谋Breach of the public peace 破坏治安Breaking and entering 强行入侵他人住宅(或公共场合)Causing （grievous）bodily harm 造成（严重）身体伤害Common assault 普通侵犯人身Assault with a weapon 持械行凶Consorting with known offenders 与已知犯人结交Driving under the influence of alcohol or drug 在酒精和药物影响下驾驶Driving an unregistered vehicle 驾驶未注册车辆Driving without Third Party Insurance 驾驶无第三方保险的车辆Ratio decidendi 法律原则Obiter dictum 法官于判决中附带表示的意见,附带讲的话Driving without a licence 无证驾驶Embezzlement 盗用,挪用Exceeding the speed limit 超速Failing to comply with a reasonable direction 不遵守指挥Failing to stop after an accident 肇事后逃逸False pretence/fraud 欺诈Fighting in a public place 在公共场所打架Recklessness 鲁莽,轻率,不顾一切Nolle prosequi 原告撤回起诉Murder 谋杀; 谋杀案Felony murder 重罪杀人犯Voluntary manslaughter 故意杀人Manslaughter 过失杀人(罪);误杀Involuntary manslaughter 过失杀人罪Loitering with intent to commit a felony 有犯罪意图的游荡Larceny 盗窃罪；偷盗；盗窃Rape 强奸罪；强奸案Abduction诱拐罪，拐带罪；劫持罪Attorney General 首席检察官(Attorney General美国司法部长或称总检察长) Quash 撤销，废止；使…无效Accessory after the fact 事后从犯Accessory before the fact 事前从犯Civil jurisdiction civil jurisdictionCommitted to stand trial 交付审判Assault and battery 殴打,人身攻击Adversarial system 当事人主义；抗辩制度Conditions （先决）条件；前提Collusion (with sb) 共谋,勾结,串通Default (经法院传唤而)不到庭，未出庭，不到案；(因不到庭而)败诉Call-over点名Counterfeit 仿制品, 伪造物Debtor 债务人;借方Creditor 债权人;债主Donor 捐赠者,赠与者, 捐赠机构Donee 受赠者Disbar 取消律师出庭的资格Garnish 传唤,传讯,扣发债务人的工资,扣押债务人的财产; Garnish v.下达扣押令Habeas corpus 人身保护权Incitement 激励;刺激;煽动Inter vivos 当事人活着时有效(的)Liquidator 财产清算人,破产清算人,清算人Miscarriage of justice 审判不公,误判Eviction notice 逐出通知Legacy 遗产, 遗赠物Chattel 动产Personal/Movable property/movables 个人财产/动产Real estate/Immovable property/immovable 不动产Personal and real estate 不动产和动产Movable property tax 动产税Immovable insurance 不动产保险Real estate mortgage 不动产抵押Bequeath 将…遗赠给Devise 遗嘱赠与(财产)Conversion （a civil wrong）侵占;财产转换(民事过错行为)Affray (尤指在公共场所的)吵架,打架Paternity suit 生父确认诉讼程序Public defender 公设辩护律师Robbery 抢劫案, 抢劫, 盗取,盗窃,掠夺Robbery with violence 暴力抢劫Armed robbery 持械抢劫Shoplifting 商店行窃Soliciting for immoral purpose 为不道德目的唆使他人Straddling lanes 跨线Unlawful possession 非法拥有，非法占有Verdict (陪审团的)裁决, 裁定Forgery 伪造Indecent assault 强暴猥亵罪Interrogatory 疑问,质问,质询Material (adj.) 对案件有决定性影响的Child Support Agency 子女抚养代理机构Child support （子女）抚养费Does not come into the equation 不平等Property settlement 财产协议书Residence of child 孩子的居住地Contact of the child 与孩子的接触Be blinding on both parties 对双方均有约束力parenting planning 抚养计划Child order 儿童福利法规Contact order 接触令Contravention 违法行为Non-compliant parent 不合规父母。
澳洲法律规定(3篇)
第1篇一、引言澳大利亚，作为一个地大物博、多元文化的国家，拥有严格的法律体系。
其法律规定涵盖了各个领域，从宪法到民刑法律，从行政法到国际法，形成了较为完善的法律体系。
本文将简要介绍澳洲的法律规定，以供读者参考。
二、宪法1. 澳大利亚宪法是国家的最高法律，规定了联邦政府与州政府之间的权力分配，以及联邦政府的基本组织结构。
2. 宪法规定了公民的基本权利和自由，如言论自由、宗教自由、和平集会自由等。
3. 宪法还规定了联邦政府的主要职责，如国防、外交、联邦警察等。
三、民刑法律1. 民法：澳大利亚的民法体系以大陆法系为基础，但也吸收了英国普通法的特点。
民法主要包括合同法、物权法、侵权法、继承法等。
a. 合同法：规定了合同的成立、生效、解除、违约等事项。
b. 物权法：规定了物权的取得、变更、消灭等事项。
c. 侵权法：规定了侵权行为的构成要件、损害赔偿等事项。
d. 继承法：规定了遗产的继承、遗产分配等事项。
2. 刑法：澳大利亚的刑法以英国普通法为基础，规定了犯罪行为的构成要件、刑罚等事项。
a. 犯罪行为：包括故意犯罪和过失犯罪，如谋杀、抢劫、盗窃、毒品犯罪等。
b. 刑罚：包括罚金、监禁、社区服务等。
四、行政法1. 行政法规定了行政机关的组织、职权、程序等事项。
2. 行政机关包括联邦政府、州政府和地方政府。
3. 行政程序法规定了行政行为的成立、生效、撤销等事项。
五、国际法1. 澳大利亚作为联合国会员国，遵守国际法。
2. 澳大利亚签署了多个国际公约，如《世界人权宣言》、《联合国海洋法公约》等。
3. 澳大利亚在国际法领域的法律地位受到国际社会的认可。
六、司法制度1. 澳大利亚的司法制度以英国普通法为基础，实行三权分立。
2. 司法机关包括联邦法院、州法院和地方法院。
3. 联邦法院负责审理联邦法律和州法律交叉的案件，以及涉及联邦宪法和联邦政府权力的案件。
4. 州法院负责审理州法律案件，如民事案件、刑事案件等。
七、法律援助1. 澳大利亚实行法律援助制度，为无力支付律师费用的公民提供免费或低成本的律师服务。
澳洲留学法律常识
澳洲留学法律常识澳洲作为一个广受留学生欢迎的国家，其法律体系和法律常识对于留学生来说是非常重要的。
在澳洲留学期间，了解澳洲法律常识会帮助留学生更好地适应澳洲的社会环境，保护自己的权益，并避免违法行为。
本文将首先介绍澳洲法律体系以及常见的法律条例和规定，然后深入分析澳洲法律在留学生生活中的具体应用。
澳洲法律体系是基于英国普通法的，同时还包括一些来自澳洲国内和维多利亚、昆士兰、新南威尔士等各个州的民法和判例法。
澳洲的法律体系分为三个层级：联邦法律、州法律和地方法律。
联邦法律主要适用于整个澳洲国家，如移民法、劳动法等。
州法律是根据各个州立法机构制定的法律，适用于各个州的特定法律问题。
地方法律主要由地方法院处理，涉及一些小额纠纷和其他地方性法律事务。
在留学生的日常生活中，有几个澳洲的法律常识需要特别注意。
首先是交通法规。
澳洲的交通法规严格，对酒驾、超速驾驶等违规行为处罚严厉。
留学生在澳洲持有的国际驾照只能在入境后的6个月内合法驾驶车辆，如果在国际驾照过期后仍然驾驶车辆，将可能面临罚款和扣分的处罚。
此外，留学生在澳洲开车时需要遵守澳洲的交通规则，包括使用安全带、遵守交通信号等。
其次是住房租赁法。
很多留学生在澳洲租房居住，因此了解澳洲的租房合同法律常识是非常重要的。
澳洲的租房合同通常是以口头合同或书面合同的形式存在。
无论是口头合同还是书面合同，双方都有义务遵守合同约定，并且互相尊重对方的权益。
留学生在签订租房合同前应仔细阅读合同条款，特别关注租金、押金、房屋损坏和维修责任等内容。
此外，租房期满后，留学生需要与房东协商退还押金的事宜。
第三是劳动法和员工权益。
在一些留学生打工的情况下，他们需要了解澳洲的劳动法和员工权益，保护自己的权益并避免任何违法行为。
澳洲的劳动法保护员工的权益，规定了最低工资标准、工作时间限制、假期权益等。
留学生在打工时应签订合法的雇佣合同，了解雇佣关系的权利和义务，并遵守工作时间和工作条件。
法律英语词汇大全(完美版)
法律渊源source of law 民法法律规范norm of civil law制定法statute 授权规范authorization norm判例法case law; precedent 禁止规范forbidding norm普通法common law 义务性规范obligatory norm特别法special law 命令性规范commanding norm固有法native law; indigenous law继受法adopted law 民法基本原则fundamental principles of civil 实体法substantial law law程序法procedural law 平等原则principle of equality原则法fundamental law 自愿原则principle of free will例外法exception law 公平原则principle of justice司法解释judicial interpretation 等价有偿原则principle of equal value习惯法customary law exchange公序良俗public order and moral 诚实信用原则principle of good faith自然法natural law 行为act罗马法Roman Law 作为ac私法private law 不作为omission公法public law 合法行为lawful act市民法jus civile 违法行为unlawful act万民法jus gentium 民事权利权利能力civil right民法法系civil law system 绝对权absolute right英美法系system of Anglo-American law 相对权relative right大陆法系civil law system 优先权right of priority普通法common law 先买权preemption大陆法continental law 原权antecedent right罗马法系Roman law system 救济权right of relief衡平法equity; law of equity 支配权right of dominion日尔曼法Germantic law 请求权right of claim教会法ecclesiastical law 物上请求权right of claim for real thing寺院法canon law 形成权right of formation伊斯兰法Islamic law 撤销权right of claiming cancellation否认权right of claiming cancellation 亲属权right of relative解除权right of renouncement 探视权visitation right代位权subrogated right 配偶权right of spouse选择权right of choice 荣誉权right of honor承认权right of admission 权利的保护protection of right终止权right of termination 公力救济public protection抗辩权right of defense 私力救济self-protection一时性抗辩权momentary right of defense 权利本位standard of right永久性抗辩权permanent counter-argument 社会本位standard of societyright 无责任行为irresponsible right不安抗辩权unstable counter-argument right 正当防卫justifiable right; ligitimate defence 同时履行抗辩权defense right of simultaneous 防卫行为act of defenceperformance 自为行为self-conducting act既得权tested right 紧急避险act of rescue; necessity期待权expectant right 自助行为act of self-help专属权exclusive right 不可抗力force majeure非专属权non-exclusive right 意外事件accident人身权利personal right 行为能力capacity for act人权human right 意思能力capacity of will人格权right of personality 民事行为civil act生命健康权right of life and health 意思表示declaration of intention姓名权right of name 意思表示一致meeting of minds; consensus 名称权right of name 完全行为能力perfect capacity for act肖像权right of portraiture 限制行为能力restrictive capacity for act自由权right of freedom 准禁治产人quasi-interdicted person名誉权right reputation 保佐protection隐私权right of privacy 自治产人minor who is capable of私生活秘密权right of privacy administering his own capacity贞操权virginity right 无行为能力incapacity for act身份权right of status 禁治产人interdicted person亲权parental power; parental right 自然人natural person公民citizen 国有独资企业solely state-owned enterprise 住所domicile 中外合资企业Sino-foreign joint venture居所residence enterprise经常居住地frequently dwelling place 中外合作企业Sino-foreign contractual户籍census register enterprise监护guardianship 社团法人legal body of mass organization个体工商户individual business 财团法人legal body of financial group农村承包经营户leaseholding rural household 联营joint venture合伙partnership 法人型联营association of legal persons合伙人partner 合伙型联营coordinated management in合伙协议partnership agreement partnership合伙财产property of partnership 协作型联营cooperation-type coordinated合伙债务debt of partnership management入伙join partnership 合作社cooperative退伙withdrawal from partnership 民事法律行为civil legal act合伙企业partnership business establishment 单方民事法律行为unilateral civil legal act个人合伙partnership 双方民事法律行为bilateral civil legal act法人合伙partnership of legal person 多方民事法律行为joint act civil legal act特别合伙special partnership 有偿民事法律行为civil legal act with普通合伙general partnership consideration有限合伙limited partnership 无偿民事法律行为civil legal act without民事合伙civil partnership consideration; civil legal act without award隐名合伙sleeping partnership; dormant 实践性民事法律行为practical civil legal act partnership法律翻译公司私营企业private enterprise; proprietorship 诺成性民事法律行为consental civil legal act 法人legal person 要式民事法律行为formal civil legal act企业法人legal body of enterprise 不要式民事法律行为informal civil legal act 企业集团group of enterprise 要因民事法律行为causative civil legal act关联企业affiliate enterprise 不要因民事法律行为noncausative civil legal 个人独资企业individual business actestablishment 主民事法律行为principal civil legal act从民事法律行为accessory civil legal act 再代理人subagent附条件民事法律行为conditional civil legal 转代理人subagentact 代理权right of agency附期限民事法律行为civil legal act with term 授权行为act of authorization生前民事法律行为civil legal act before death 授权委托书power of attorney死后民事法律行为civil legal act after death 代理行为act of agency准民事法律行为quasi-civil legal act 委托代理agency by mandate无效行为ineffective act 本代理original agency可撤销民事行为revocable civil act 复代理subagency违法行为illegal act; unlawful act 次代理subagency侵权行为tort 有权代理authorized agency欺诈fraud 表见代理agency by estoppel; apparent agency 胁迫duress 律师代理agency by lawyer乘人之危taking advantage of others’普通代理general agencyprecarious position 全权代理general agency以合法形式掩盖非法目的legal form 全权代理委托书general power of attorney concealing illegal intention 共同代理joint agency恶意串通malicious collaboration 独家代理sole agency重大误解gross misunderstanding 居间brokerage显失公平obvious unjust 居间人broker误传misrepresentation 行纪commission; broker house代理agency 信托trust本人principal 时效time limit; prescription; limitation被代理人principal 时效中止suspension of prescription/limitation 受托人trustee 时效中断interruption of代理人agent limitation/prescription本代理人original agent 时效延长extension of limitation法定代理人statutory agent; legal agent 取得时效acquisitive prescription委托代理人agent by mandate 时效终止lapse of time; termination of指定代理人designated agent prescription复代理人subagent 期日date期间term 推定过错presumptive fault恶意bad faith; malice涉外民事关系civil relations with foreign 故意deliberate intention; intention; willfulness elements 过失negligence冲突规范rule of conflict 重大过失gross negligence准据法applicable law; governing law 疏忽大意的过失careless and inadvertent反致renvoi; remission negligence转致transmission 过于自信的过失negligence with undue识别identification assumption公共秩序保留reserve of public order 损害事实facts of damage法律规避evasion of law 有形损失tangible damage/loss国籍nationality 无形损失intangible damage/loss国有化nationalization 财产损失property damage/loss法律责任legal liability 人身损失personal damage/loss民事责任civil liability/responsibility 精神损失spiritual damage/loss行政责任administrative liability/responsibility 民事责任承担方式methods of bearing civil刑事责任criminal liability/responsibility liability违约责任liability of breach of contract; 停止侵害cease the infringing act responsibility of default 排除妨碍exclusion of hindrance; removal of 有限责任limited liability obstacle无限责任unlimited liability 消除危险elimination of danger按份责任shared/several liability 返还财产restitution of property连带责任joint and several liability 恢复原状restitution; restitution of original过失责任liability for negligence; negligent stateliability 赔偿损失compensate for a loss; indemnify for 过错责任fault liability; liability for fault a loss单独过错sole fault 支付违约金payment of liquidated damage共同过错joint fault 消除影响eliminate ill effects混合过错mixed fault 恢复名誉rehabilitate one’s reputation被害人过错victim ’s fault 赔礼道歉extend a formal apology第三人过错third party’s fault物权jus ad rem; right in rem; real right 孳息fruits物权制度real right system; right in rem 天然孳息natural fruitssystem 法定孳息legal fruits一物一权原则the principal of One thing, One 无主物bona vacatia; vacant goods; ownerless Right goods物权法定主义principal of legality of right in 遗失物lost propertyrem 漂流物drifting object物权公示原则principal of public summons of 埋藏物fortuna; hidden propertyright in rem 货币currency物权法jus rerem 证券securities物property 债券bond生产资料raw material for production 物权分类classification of right in rem/real生活资料means of livelihood; means of rightsubsistence 自物权jus in re propria; right of full ownership 流通物res in commercium; a thing in 所有权dominium; ownership; titlecommerce 所有权凭证document of title; title of限制流通物limited merchantable thing ownership禁止流通物res extra commercium; a thing out 占有权dominium utile; equitable ownershipof commerce 使用权right of use; right to use of资产asset 收益权right to earnings; right to yields固定资产fixed asset 处分权right of disposing; jus dispodendi流动资产current asset; floating asset 善意占有possession in good faith动产movables; chattel 恶意占有malicious possession不动产immovable; real estate 按份共有several possession特定物res certae; a certain thing 共同共有joint possession种类物genus; indefinite thing 他物权jus in re aliena可分物res divisibiles; divisible things 用益物权real right for usufruct不可分物res indivisibiles; indivisible things 使用权right to use; right of use主物res capitalis; a principal thing 土地使用权right to the use of land从物res accessoria; an accessory thing 林权forest ownership原物original thing 采矿权mining ownership经营权managerial authority; power of 留置权lienmanagement 一般留置权general lien承包经营权right to contracted management 特别留置权special lien相邻权neighboring right; relatedright 质权hypotheque; pledge; right of pledge地上权superficies 佃权tenant right永佃权jus emphyteuticum; right to landedestate granted in perpetuity through a contract 债权jus in personam; right to give or procure; 地役权servitude; easement claim; creditor’s right人役权servitus personarum; personal servitude 债权人creditor担保物权real right for security 债务人debtor物的担保security for thing 相对人counterpart; offeree物的瑕疵担保warranty against defect of a 给付give; paything 债务debt; liability; obligation抵押权hypotheca; hypothecation; right to 债务的偿还payment of debtmortgage 债务的偿清discharge of debt抵押权的设定creation of right to mortgage 债务的担保guarantee of debt抵押人mortgagor 债务的合并consolidation of debt抵押权人mortgagee 债务的给付日期debt maturity抵押标的物collateral; estate under mortgage 债务的免除exemption of debt抵押权的效力deffect of right to mortgage 债的分类obligatio; obligation抵押权的次序sequence of right to mortgage 法定之债legal obligation抵押权的抛弃abandonment of right to 任意之债voluntary obligationmortgage 简单之债simple obligation抵押权的让与alienation of right to mortgage 选择之债alternative obligation抵押权的实现materialization of right to 主债prime/principal obligationmortgage 从债accessory obligation抵押权的消灭extinction of right to 单一之债single obligation mortgageregistration of estate under mortgage 按份之债several obligation抵押物登记registration of estate under 连带之债joint obligationmortgage 特定之债certain obligation抵押优先权priority of mortgage 种类之债indefinite obligation合同之债contractual obligation performance侵权行为之债tort obligation 情事变更原则doctrine of change of损害赔偿之债obligation of compensation for circumstancesinjury; obligation of damages 不当履行misfeasance人身损害damage to person 清偿discharge; satisfaction精神损害moral/mental/spiritual damage 提存debtor’s submission of the subject matter 医药费hospital treatment expense of obligation to competent authority医疗费medical charge 抵销setoff抚恤金pension慰问金consolation money 知识产权intellectual property产品瑕疵defect of product 知识产权国际保护international protection of 不当得利unjust enrichment intellectual property无因管理voluntary service 国民待遇原则doctrine of national treatment债的担保guarantee of obligation 优先权原则 a right of priority doctrine财产担保property guarantee 自动保护原则doctrine of automatic protection 信用担保credit guarantee 特许权使用费royalties让与担保alienation guarantee 智力成果intellectual property保证guaranty 著作权copyright明示保证express guaranty 版权copyright默示保证implied guaranty 著作权人copyright owner保证人guarantor 创作creation保证合同contract of guaranty/suretyship 作品opus; product; work保证金guaranty bond; security deposit 著作人格权right of personality of copyright押金deposit; foregift 发表权right of publication预付款advanced payment 署名权right of authorship; right of paternity定金earnest money; deposit 修改权right of modification; right of revision违约金liquidated damages 完整性保持权right to maintain integrity法定违约金liquidated damages by law 不可侵犯权inviolability约定违约金liquidated damages by agreement 收回权right of recall; right of retrieval债的履行performance of obligation 自费出版publish a book at the autho’r s own 实际履行原则doctrine of specific expense著作财产权property right in work 技术诀窍know-how使用收益分享权right to share usufruct 专有技术know-how利用权right to make use of 专利证书certificate of patent获得报酬权right to get payment 专利事务所patent office重播权right of rebroadcasting 专利代理patent agency录制权right of fixation 中华人民共和国专利局Patent Office of the 机械复制权right of mechanograph; right of People’s Republic of Chinamechanical reproduction 商标权trademark right著作邻接权neighboring right of copyright 商标国际注册international registration of 剽窃plagiary; plagiarism trademark盗版pirate 商品商标commodity trademark盗版VCD pirated VCD 服务商标service trademark伪造forge 驰名商标reputed trademark工业产权industrial property 广告商标advertisement trademark专利权patent right 近似商标similar trademark优先权日priority date 商标评审委员会trade review and appraisal 申请在先原则prior application rule board使用在先priority of use 商标审查trademark examination新颖性novelty 商标侵权trademark infringement创造性creativity 商标注册registered trademark实用性practicability 商标公告trademark gazette发明创造invention and creation 注册商标使用许可licensing of registered 实用新型utility model trademark外观设计design; industrial design 注册商标转让assignment of registered发明权right of invention trademark发现权right of discovery 商标使用许可协议trademark licensing专利申请patent application agreement专利异议objection to a patent 商标事务所trademark office专利公告patent gazette 商标代理trademark agency专利续展费renewal fee of patent专利许可协议patent licensing agreement 婚姻、家庭、继承、收养marriage, family,inheritance, adoption 晚婚late marriage婚姻法marital law; marriage law 无效婚姻void marriage包办婚姻arranged marriage 协议离婚divorce by agreement财产分割partition; dismemberment of 一夫一妻制monogamyproperty 早婚early marriage重婚bigamy 直系血亲lineal descent独生子女only child 自然血亲natural blood relation法律婚legal marriage 收养法adoption law非婚生子女illegitimate child 收养协议adoption agreement夫妻共同财产community property 收养人adoptive parent夫妻关系conjugal relationship 送养人person or institution placing out a child 夫妻分居divorce a mensa et thoro; divorce for adoptionfrom bed and board 涉外收养adoption with foreign elements复婚resumption of marriage 继承法inheritance law; law of succession感情破裂incompatibility 法定继承legal seccession婚后财产公证notarization of postnuptial 遗嘱继承intestate successionproperties 遗赠继承succession by devise婚姻登记marriage registration 自然继承natural succession婚生子女ligitimate child 代位继承representation; succession by计划生育birth control subrogation结婚marry 世袭继承hereditary succession离婚divorce 间接继承indirect succession买卖婚姻mercenary marriage 转继承subsuccession拟制血亲blood relations in fiction of law 共同继承joint succession旁系血亲collateral relation blood relation 单独继承single succession涉外婚姻marriage with foreign elements 继承人heir; successor配偶spouse 第二顺序继承人successor second in order 事实婚de facto marriage 第一顺序继承人successor first in order诉讼离婚divorce by litigation 继承参与人succession participant探视权visitation right 遗产inheritance; heritage同居cohabitation 遗产继承人heir to property; inheritor遗言last will and testament 上市公司listed company遗书last words 母公司parent company遗赠bequest; legacy; devise 子公司subsidiary遗赠抚养协议legacy-support agreement 皮包公司briefcase company; fundlesscompany会计法accounting law 募集设立incorporation by stock floatation税法tax law; taxation law 发起人floater; initiator反不正当竞争法anti-unfair competition law 公司名称name of company消费者权益保护法consumer’s interest 公司住址domicile of companyprotection law 出资contribution; capital subscription产品责任法production liability law 现金出资investment in cash消费者权益法consumer rights and interests 实物出资investment in kindlaw 工业产权出资investment in industrial公司法company law; corporate law property right公司company; corporation 非专有技术出资investment in non-patent有限责任公司limited liability company technology股份有限公司company limited by shares 劳务出资investment in labor无限公司unlimited company 高新技术成果出资investment in hi-tech股份两合公司joint stock limited liability achievementspartnership 注册资本registered capital两合公司joint liability company 实缴资本paid-in capital控股公司holding company 验资报告capital verification report集团公司group company 会计师事务所certified public accountants合资公司joint venture company 注册会计师certified public accountant联营公司associated company; affiliated 资本三原则three doctrine of capital company 资本确定原则doctrine of capital国营公司state-own company determination国有公司state-owned company 资本维持原则doctrine of capital maintenance 民营公司civilian-run company 资本不变原则doctrine of unchanging capital 本国公司national/domestic company 最低资本额制度minimum capital system外国公司foreign company 公司章程articles of association; articles ofincorporation; bylaw 董事会board of directors公司登记incorporation; corporate registration 董事会领导下的经理负责制responsibility 公司存续existence of company system of the chief executive officer under the 公司合并分立merger and split of company leadership of the board of directors公司并购corporate merger and acquisition 经理独立负责制manager independent公司管理corporate governance; company responsibility systemmanagement 监事supervisor公司法律顾问corporate counsel 监事会board of supervisors公司整顿company rectification 股share; stock公司歇业closure of business 普通股common stock公司和解company composition 特别股special stock公司解散company dissolution 资格股qualification stock公司清算company liquidation 优先股preferred stock公司清理company winding-up 劣后股inferior stock竞业禁止non-commpete; competition 表决权股stock with voting power prohibition 溢价股premium stock招股章程prospectus 折价股converting stock股本stock capital 国家股state-owned share股东shareholder 集体股collective share法人股corporate股东大会shareholders’meeting share股东大会决议resolution of shareholders’企业股enterprise sharemeeting 个人股individual share股东大会议事规则rule of procedure of 股息dividendshareholders’meeting 红股bonus stock; dividend stock表决权voting right; right to vote 法定公积金legal accumulation fund董事director 资本公积金capital accumulation fund董事长president/chairman of the board 盈余公积金surplus accumulation fund首席执行官chief executive officer(CEO) 任意公积金optional accumulation fund首席运营官chief operation officer(COO) 公司犯罪corporate crime执行董事executive director常务董事managing director 证券法securities law证券发行issuance of securities 票面价额face value证券上市list securities; float an issue 票据出票人drawer证券交易所stock exchange 票据持票人bill holder证券商securities dealer 票据承兑人bill acceptor证券公司securities company 票据行为act on commercial paper证券承销商consortium of underwriters 承兑票据honor a bill证券承销合同underwriting contract 票据议付negotiation证券经纪人securities broker 拒付票据protest a bill披露制度disclosing system 票据付款人drawee交割日closing date 票据支付人payer on commercial instrument 风险投资基金venture capital fund 票据收款人bill collector上海证券交易所Shanghai Stock Exchange 票据背书人endorser/indorser of a bill深圳证券交易所Shenzhen Stock Exchange 被背书人endorsee证券监督委员会securities supervision 票据保证人bill guarantorcommittee 票据被保证人bill pledgee/warrantee票据法law of negotiable instrument 再追索人renewed recourser票据notes; bills; commercial instruments 前手remote holder商业票据bill; commercial instrument 后手subsequent endorser远期票据time bill;; long-dated bill 票据权利right of bill到期票据matured bill 票据期限term of bill; tenor即期票据sight bill 票据债务人debtor of commercial instrument 记名票据bill payable to order; note to order 追索权right of recourse不记名票据bearer instrument 票据抗辩exception to bill本票promissory note 票据丧失loss of bill支票cheque 票据时效prescription of exchanges汇票bill of exchange 票据贴现discount of bill发票日ticket day 再贴现rediscount of bill出票日date of draft/issue 恩惠期间term of benevolence发票地place of draft/issue 票据代理agency for notes/bills/commercial 票据到期日bill to mature instruments票据金额sum of bill海商法maritime law average船舶国籍证书certificate of registry; certificate 服务优先权priority claim to serviceof ship’s nationality 货物损害优先权priority claim to cargo船棋国flag country damage船舶所有权证书certificate of ship ownership传播抵押借款和货物抵押借款优先权船舶检验register of ship priority claim to ship credit and goods credit船舶保险insurance on hull 海运合同shipping contract船舶保险单hull insurance policy 提单bill of lading(B/L)船舶登记证书certificate of registry 空舱费dead freight船舶丈量tonnage measurement of ships 租船费charterage船舶进港费groundage 租船合同charter-party contract of船舶抵押ship mortgage affreightment船舶租赁ship chartering 期租船合同time charter-party; time CP船舶转租ship subchartering 航次租船合同voyage charter-party船舶所有人责任限制limitation of liabilities 定期租船合同time charter-partyof ship owners 光船租船合同bareboat charter-party; bareboat 船舶碰撞ship collision CP船舶遇难maritime distress 包租运输合同shipping charter-party海上灾难perils of the sea 海上旅客运输合同contract for carriage of海上拖航marine towage passengers by sea船舶扣押detention of ship 远洋拖带合同contract of ocean towage船舶债权ship’s credit 港内拖带合同contract of port towage船级社classification society 海难救助合同salvage contract船级证书certificate of class 海事报告master’s protest;; sea protest海上留置权maritime lien 海事声明书sea protest船舶留置权maritime lien 海事争议maritime dispute船舶抵押权maritime mortgage 海事法院maritime court;; admiralty court海上优先请求权priority claim to seagoing 海事诉讼程序maritime proceedingsships 船舶碰撞案件的民事管辖权civil jurisdiction救助优先权priority claim to salvage of sea collision共同海损优先权priority claim to general 船舶碰撞案件的刑事管辖权criminaljurisdiction of sea collision 信用保险credit insurance海事争议的审理hearing/trial of maritime 保证保险guaranty insurancedisputes 保险合同insurance contract海事诉讼保全措施measures for maritime 保险人insurer; underwriterattachment 被保险人the insured海事优先请求权preferential right top 受益人benificiarymaritime claim 投保人applicant for insurance;; policy holder 海事请求保全申请书application/petition for 保险单insurance policymaritime attachment 保险标的insurance object海事诉讼法律文书送达service of legal 保险费premiuminstruments in maritime action/proceedings 保险期限time limit of insurance涉外海事诉讼管辖权jurisdiction of maritime 保险利益insurable interestaction involving for elements 保险金额insurance; insurance compensation 强制变卖被扣押船舶compulsory realization 保险事故insurance accidentof the distrained ship 保险赔偿insurance indemnity海事仲裁程序规则rules of maritime 保险代理人insurance agentarbitration procedure 保险经纪人insurance broker索赔claim保险法insurance law 代位索赔claim by subrogation自愿保险voluntary insurance 理赔settlement of claim强制保险compulsory insurance 代位求偿权right of subrogation商业保险commercial insurance 委付abandonment财产保险property insurance 退保cancellation/discharging of insurance人身保险personal insurance人寿保险life insurance健康保险health insurance意外保险accident insurance社会保险social insurance养老保险endowment insurance医疗保险medical insurance失业保险unemployment insurance。
澳洲政府相关词汇
Commonwealth / Federal government 联邦政府
State Government 州政府
Local Government/ Local Council 地方政府/ 地方议会
Services
Minister for Consumer Affairs 消费者事务部部长
Minister for Defence 国防部长
Minister for Education, Employment and 教育、就业及劳资关系部部长
Workplace Relation
Ombudsman 申诉专员
Prime Minister 总理
Senator 参议员
Shadow cabinet 影子内阁
Parliaments 议会
The Legislative Council (Upper House) 立法会（上议院）
The Legislative Assembly (Lower House) 立法议会（下议院）
Minister for Roads 道路部长
Minister for Sport, Recreation and Racing 体育、娱乐及竞技部部长
Minister for Tourism 旅游部长
Minister for the Arts 艺术部长
Minister for the Environment 环境部长
Minister for Industrial Relations 劳资关系部长
Minister for Justice 司法部长
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Engage a lawyer 请律师
Exculpatory 申明无罪的
On the balance of probability 权衡双方证据
Jury/juror 陪审团
Justice of the Peace (JP) 治安法官
Hearing 审讯、听证会
Mention 庭前审理
Committal hearing 庭审
Arraignment (District Court) 提讯听证
Abscond 潜逃、逃跑
Bond 合同
Placed/put on bail 保释
Good behaviour bond 守行为
Settle out of court (不经法庭)在法庭外(私下)和解
Trespass <律>侵入;侵害,侵犯;侵占
Discretion 自由裁量
Estoppel 禁止翻供
Precedent 先例
Prima facie 表面上证据确凿的；初步的
Remedy （通过法律程序的）解决方法，救济
Charge with 控告
Double jeopardy 双重判案、一罪重审
Presumption of innocence 无罪推定、无罪假设
Presumption of regularity 正当性推定
Presumption of sanity 精神正常的推定
Beyond all reasonable doubt 不合理的怀疑
Police officer 警察
Uniformed police officer 制服警察
Squad 科
Breath analysis squad 酒精测试小组
Drug squad 缉毒科
Fraud squad 诈骗科
Organised crime squad 反犯罪小组
Coroner 法官
Costs 费用
Counsel 律师
Counselling service 心理辅导
Stand bail (for sb) 保释某人
Apply for bail 申请保释
Appeal against bail 保释上诉
Present a case 呈递诉讼
Restraining order 禁令
Dissent 不同意
Strict liability 严格赔偿责任
Absolute liability 绝对赔偿责任
Rebuttal 反驳
Extradition order 引渡秩序
Fees 费用
Felony 重罪
Remorseful 悔恨的
Contrition 悔罪
Inhumane 残忍的
Senior Counsel, SC (NSW, ACT, QLD) 资深大律师
Informant 告密者、线人
Solicitor 法务官
Guarantor 担保人
Apprehended Violence Order (AVO) 禁止令
Summon 召唤，召开
Summons 传票
Surety 担保，保证
Trial 审判
Unlawful arrest 非法逮捕
Writ 书面命令，传票
Record a plea of 认罪
Default judgement 缺席判决
Insolvency 破产
Repeated offender [=old offender] 屡犯
Order 秩序
Panel 小组
Pass sentence 宣判
Plaintiff 原告
Plea 答辩
Plead 答辩
Postmortem 验尸
Previous conviction 案底、前科
Finger print 指纹
Homicide squad 犯罪集团
Interrogate 审讯
Patrol 巡逻队
Police station 警察局
Criminal record 犯罪记录
Release 释放
Report 报警；报道
Resisting arrest 拒捕
The accused / defendant (accuser) 被告
Contact 探视
Acquit/Acquittal 宣告无罪
Adjourn/Adjournment 休庭
Admit/Admission 供认、招认
Admissible 可接纳的
Client 委托人
Complain 控诉、民事起诉
Dereliction of duty 失职、玩忽职守
John Doe/ Jane Doe 无名氏
Detective 侦探
Plain clothes officer 便衣警察
Police force 警力
Magistrate 裁判官
Minor offence 轻罪
Misdemeanour 轻罪
Null and void 无效、失效
Nullify 取消
Oath 誓言
Affirmation 确认，（上诉院）维持原判
Offence 罪行，犯法
First offender 初犯
Confess 认罪、供认、招认
Evidence 证据
Advice/advise 告诫
Affidavit 宣誓书、经宣誓的书面陈述
Allege 指控
Alibi 不在现场的证据
Appeal 上诉
Appellant 上诉人
Appear in court 出庭
Applicant 申请人
Arrest 逮捕
Assistance 援助
Bail 保释、保释金
Barrister 辩护律师
Case/matter 案子、诉讼案件
Claim 要求权，声称、断言，索赔（damage）,认领（lost or stolen property）
Hung jury 不能做出一致决断的陪审团
Litigant 诉讼当事人
Remand centre 拘留所
Sentence 判刑
Probation 缓刑
Suspended sentence 缓刑
Legal advice 法律意见
Criminal 罪犯
Court order 法庭指令
Crime 罪行
Decree absolute 颁布法令、命令
Decree nisi 日后才生效的离婚判决书
Cross-examination 盘问
Examination in chief 对证人的讯问
Damages 损失、损害
De facto 事实上、实际上
Defend 辩护 Defendant Nhomakorabea 被告
Dispute 争论
Family Court 家庭法院
Refugee Review Tribunal 难民上诉仲裁庭
Civil Court 民事法庭
Migration Review Tribunal 移民上诉仲裁庭
High Court 高级法院
Criminal Court 刑事法院
Subpoena 法院传票
Probate 遗嘱认证
Proceedings 诉讼程序
Prosecution 控方、控告
Prosecutor 检察官、检控官
Record a conviction 记录（一项）犯罪
Represent 代表
Respondent <律>(尤指离婚案的)被告
Separation 分居
Juvenile Court 青少年、未成年人法庭
District Court 地方法庭
Local Court 地方法院
Federal Magistrates Court 联邦初级法院
Small Claims Tribunal 小额索赔法庭
Supreme Court 最高法院
Parole board 假释委员会
On parole 获准假释
Institution 院
Gaol 监狱、坐牢
Identification 身份证明
Probation officer 缓刑官
Rehabilitation 戒毒；戒赌
Remand 还押
On remand 在押
Prison officer 狱卒
Common law 普通法
Consult 咨询
Contempt of court 蔑视法庭
Contest 辩驳
Contested action 对抗动作
Convict/Conviction 定罪，罪犯
Co-respondent 共同被告
Tort 〈律〉民事侵权行为
Rule of law 法规,法治
Sunset clause 〈美〉自动消减条款，夕阳条款
Statute of limitation 法定时效;时效法
Actus reus；Mens rea 【法】 被告的行为, 犯罪行为, 犯罪意图
Bilateral treaty 双边条约
Fine 罚款
Forensic 法庭的、用于法庭的
Forfeit 放弃、失去
Grounds 证据，理由