初中英语语法专题讲座07——动词

落下
fell
fallen
feed
喂
fed
fed
feel
觉得
felt
felt
fight
打仗
fought
fought
find
找到
found
found
fly
飞
flew
flown
forget
忘记
forgot
forgot/ forgotten
freeze
冻结
froze
frozen
get
得到
got
got / gotten
八种时态主动语态被动语态
一般现在时do; doesam;is;are done
一般过去时did; -edwas;were done
一般将来时will dowill be done
现在进行时am;is;are doing am;is;are being done
过去进行时was;were doingwas;were being done
现在完成时have;has donehave;has been done
过去完成时had donehad been done
过去将来时would dowould be done
情态动词情态动词+do情态动词+be done
* * * * * * * * * * * *
一、一般现在时：
1.一般现在时的构成：
2.一般现在时的基本用法：
⑴表示经常性或习惯性的动作，常与always, usually, sometimes, often, every day等时间状语连用。例如：WehaveanEnglish class every day except Thursday.除了星期四，我们每天都上英语课。It oftenrainshere in spring.这里春天经常下雨。They alwaysgotoItalyfor their holidays.他们总是去意大利度假。Sometimes Icomeby train, but usually Icomeby car.有时我乘火车来，但是通常我乘汽车来。
注意：shall有时在疑问句中，用来有礼貌地征询对方的意见。例如：Shall I open the window? Yes, please. (= Would you like me to…?)我把窗户打开好吗？好，请吧。
2.一般将来时的用法：
⑴.一般将来时的基本用法：表示将来要发生的动作或情况，常常带有表示将来时间的状语，如：tomorrow, next week, in two days, from now on, soon, in 2050等。例如：He willcome back soon.他很快就会回来的。It will be Tuesday tomorrow.明天是星期二。We shall / will not be there till eleven.我们要到11点钟才会到那里。When will the train arrive?火车什么时候到？
三、一般将来时：
1.一般将来时的构成：
一般将来时由“助动词shall / will＋动词原形”构成，shall用于第一人称，will用于第二、第三人称。美国英语在陈述句中不论什么人称一律使用will，英国英语现在也有这种趋势。shall / will在口语中可以略作’ll，如：I’ll, You’ll, He’ll, She’ll, It’ll, They’ll等等。
知道
understood
understood
wake
醒
woke / waked
woke/waked/ woken
wear
穿
wore
worn
win
赢
won
won
write
写
wrote
written
2.一般过去时的基本用法：
⑴表示过去某时或某时段内发生的动作或情况，常常带有表示过去时间的状语，如：yesterday, two days ago, last month,just now, a moment ago, the other day,in 2000等。例如：ItwasTuesday yesterday.昨天是星期二。Whendidyoumeethim? Ten minutes ago.你什么时候遇见他的？10分钟以前。Welivedin a small town for about five years.我们在一个小城里住了大约5年。
初中英语语法专题讲座——动词
【复习要点】
表示动作中状态的词叫做动词。动词有五种形态：原形、第三人称单数形式、过去式、过去分词、现在分词。
根据其在句中的功能，动词可分为四类：实义动词、系动词、助动词、情态动词。
注意：基本助动词只有三个：be, do, have,他们没有词汇意义，只有语法作用，如协助构成进行体，完成体，被动态，否定句，疑问句等。例如：He is giving a lecture.他在作报告He has made a plan.他已经订了计划The small animals are kept in the cages.小动物都关在笼子里。
（4）以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词，双写词尾辅音字母，再加-ed，如：stopped begged fretted dragged dropped planned dotted dripped
（5）不规则动词的过去式（过去分词）变化规律性不强，须多加记忆。
原形动词
中文意思
过去式
过去分词
awake
They will stand by you even if youdon’t succeed.即便你不成功，他们也会支持你。
二、一般过去时：
1.一般过去时的构成：
一般过去时是由动词的过去式来表示的，而动词的过去式是在动词原形的基础上变化的。动词的过去式可分为规则动词和不规则动词。规则动词的过去式变化如下：
（1）一般情况下，动词词尾加-ed，如：worked played wanted acted
（2）以不发音的e结尾动词，动词词尾加-d，如：lived moved decided declined hoped judged raised wiped
（3）以辅音字母+ y结尾的动词，把y变为i再加-ed，如：studied tried copied justified cried carried embodied emptied注意：以元音字母+ y结尾的动词，直接加-ed，如：played
put
放
put
put
read
读
read
read
ride
骑
rode
ridden
ring
响铃
rang
rung
rise
上升
rose
risen
run
跑
ran
run
say
说
said
said
see
看
saw
seen
sell
卖
sold
sold
send
送
sent
sent
shake
摇
shook
shaken
shoot
射击
⑵表示现在的特征和状态，通常不带时间状语。例如：Shelikesbread, but shedoesn’t likepizza.她爱吃面包，而不爱吃比萨饼。DoyouspeakEnglish?你会说英语吗？
⑶表示客观真理、科学事实、格言等。例如：The sun alwaysrisesin the east.太阳总是从东方升起。Twice threemakessix. 2乘3等于6。
give
给
gave
given
go
去
went
gone
grow
长大
grew
grown
hang
绞死
hanged
hanged
hang
悬挂
hung
hung
have
有
had
had
hear
听
heard
heard
hide
躲藏
hid
hid / hidden
hit
打击
hit
hit
hold
抓拿
held
held
hurt
伤害
唤醒
awoke / awaked
awoke / awaked
bear
忍受出生
bore
born / borne
beat
击打
beat
beaten
become
变得成为
became
become
begin
开始
began
begun
bite
咬
bit
bit / bitten
blow
吹
blew
blown
break
打断
stand
站
stood
stood
steal
偷
stole
stolen
sweep
扫
swept
swept
swim
游泳
swam
swum
take
拿
took
taken
teach
教
taught
taught
tell
告诉
told
told
think
想
thought
thought
throw
扔
threw
thrown
understand
hurt
hurt
keep
保持
kept
kept
know
知道
knew
known
lay
放
laid
laid
lead
领导
led
led
learn
学习
learnt / learned
learnt / learned
leave
离开
left
left
lend
借出
lent
lent
let
让
let
let
lie
撒谎
lied
lied
shot
shot
shut
关闭
shut
shut
sing
唱
sang
sung
sink
下沉，沉没
sank
sunk
sit
坐
sat
sat
sleep
睡
slept
slept
smell
嗅,闻
smelled / smelt
smelled / smelt
speak
说
spoke
spoken
spend
花费
spent
spent
还可以根据其后是否带有宾语分为两类：及物动词和不及物动词。缩写形式分别为vt.和vi.
英语的动词从是否独立用作谓语来看，可以分为谓语动词和非谓语动词两种。所谓谓语动词，其实就是动词独立用作谓语时的形式；非谓语动词就是动词不独立用作谓语时的形式。前者由动词的各种时态形式来表示，后者则由不定式、分词和动名词来表示。英语谓语动词的八种时态、语态和几种变化形式如下：
⑷在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中表示将来的动作或状态。例如：I will discuss this with you when wemeet.我们见面的时候，我会和你讨论这件事。We will not leave until weare askedto.直到我们被要求离开，我们才会离开。If the weatherisfine tomorrow, we shall go on a field trip.如果明天天晴，我们就去考察旅行。
⑵表示过去的习惯性动作，通常带有表示频度的状语。例如：He alwayscarriedan umbrella with him.他总是带着一把伞。Hewasoften late for school last term.上个学期他常常上学迟到。Shewentout shopping once a week, in the evenings.她每周一次晚上出去采购。
一般现在时是由动词的现在式来表示的，所谓动词的现在式，是指动词原形和-s形式，后者用于第三人称单数的主语。例如：Istudyin a school near here.我在附近的一所学校读书。My father oftenworksfar into the night.父亲常常工作到深夜。
实义动词的否定式和疑问式要由助动词do / does来构成，例如：Theydon’t likeliving in the city.他们不喜欢住在城里。Shedoesn’t speakGerman very well.她德语说得不太好。DoyouwatchTV on Sundays?你每个星期天都看电视吗？Wheredoeshework?他在哪里工作？
broke
broken
bring
带来
brought
brought
build
建造
built
built
burn
燃烧
burnt / burned
burnt / burned
buy
买
bought
bought
catch
抓住
caught
caught
choose
选择
chose
chosen
come
来
came
come
cost
价值花费
cost
cost
cut
切
cut
cut
dig
挖
dug
dug
do
做
did
done
draw
画
drew
drawn
dream
做梦
dreamt/dreamed
dreamt / dreamed
drink
喝
drank
drunk
drive
开车,驾驶
drove
driven
eat
吃
ate
eaten
fall
lie
躺
lay
lain
lose
丢失
lost
lost
make
制做
made
made
mean
意思是
meant
meant
meet
遇见
met
met
mistake
误解,弄错
mistook
mistaken
misunderstand
误解，误会
misunderstood
misunderstood
pay
付钱
paid
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