五种基本句型

英语五种基本句型

2014.10

意义：英语的句式与中文的不同。我们在学习英语的时候要注意到这一点。有的同学在学习中对此没有足够的认识，常常受中文的干扰。在写作中表现出不能写出正确的句子。

I. 什么是句子？

长的是句子，短的是词。

无论字数多少，只要有主语和谓语（动词），而且能表达完整的意义的一句话就是一个句子。

I am tired.

Pressing one’s palm together and resting one’s head on the back of one’s hand while closing the eyes as if sleeping means“I am tired.”____________________________________________________________________”）这两个句子都具备了___语和____语。都是完整的句子。要记住：在英语中，一个句子必须且只能有一个谓语。

1. 省略主语的句子

Come in, please. (______)

Open the door.

What a day! (What ____ _____ _____ ______ _____!)

2. 一个句子不能同时有两个谓语。

典型错误：

1) The old man likes take a walk in the village after supper.

∟

2) I enjoy talk with him over a cup of coffee.

∟

3) The boy ran to his mother cry.

∟

4) After write the notice, he put it up on the wall.

∟

3. 不要把从句的谓语当成句子的谓语, 或把主句的谓语当成从句的谓语。如果是一个复合句，主句和从句都应该分别有自己的主语和谓语。

典型错误：

1）1）Those who eat too much will easily ill.

∟

2) When he walking in the park, he felt a little tired.

∟

3）When I at school, I studied very hard.

∟

II. Practice: 判断以下是否是句子。

1.Birds can fly

2.The birds in the cage which I bought yesterday

3.Wait for me at the station

4. If you know how to play with words to make people laugh

5. A way of saying “I’m sorry”

6. Patting the stomach before a meal

7. The bread my mother makes is much better than what you can buy at the store.

8. To make friends in the school which was not far from my new home

9. If you want to know what it feels like to fall through the air, take off in a rocket, fly a helicopter or fight alien creatures in outer space

III. 常见的句子结构

由于英语动词种类的不同，构成了不同的句子类型。和中文不同的是，英语的动词分为及物动词和不及物动词。表达同一个意思时，有的是及物动词，有的就是不及物动词。如：表示“听” 这个意义时，_______ 是不及物动词；_________是及物动词。表示“看” 这个意义时，__________是不及物动词，_______ watch和notice就是及物动词。表示“到达”，_________是不及物动词，__________是及物动词。不及物动词是不能接宾语的。只能加上一个介词，才能接宾语。如：listen ____, look _____, arrive ______等等。

1. 主语+ 不及物动词

e.g. He came in.

The airplane from Hong Kong _______ (到达) at four p.m.

How did the accident ________（发生）?

Australia has ______（改变）a lot in the past forty years.

2. 主语+ 系动词+ 表语

常见的系动词有：be, seem, appear, become, go, get, grow, turn,

look, sound, feel, taste, smell

e.g. She _____ very happy. (×She very happy.)

We ______ proud of our friends.

It ______ useless trying to argue with him.

I _______ caught in the traffic.

He _______ （似乎）to have misunderstood you.

3. 主语+ 及物动词+ 宾语

e.g. We learn English at school.

He wondered whether Bill had managed to escape.

I didn’t mean to be so rude.

4. 主语+ 及物动词+ 间接宾语+ 直接宾语

有些动词需要接两个宾语。间接宾语一般由人担任，直接宾语一般由物担任。

give, offer, teach, tell, read, ask, bring, pass, lend, return, write, throw, allow, send,cost

make, buy, do, get, save, cook, sing, find等。

e.g. My brother gave me a book.

Who sent you the computer?

这样的句子变为被动时可根据需要，将任何一个宾语作为句子的主语。

e.g. ________________________________

___________________________________.

5. 主语+ 及物动词+ 宾语+ 宾补

e.g. Unfortunately they find it difficult to repay this money.

The growth in population made New York the largest city in the USA.

【模拟试题】

改错练习：

1. Please speak louder so that everybody can listen you.

2. Great changes have been taken place in my hometown.

3. Listen! Someone knocking at the door.

4. He told me don’t call him before 9 o’clock.

5. Does your parents allow you make your own decision?