段落写作的基本方法

英语写作的基本方法

英语短文的构成模式大致如下：

篇章结构布局：

开始段主体段结尾段

段落结构布局：

扩展句1

主题句扩展句2 结尾句

扩展句3

一．基本段落布局

（一）开始段

良好的开始是成功的一半。写好开始段很重要，它不仅要找准文章的切入点和发展方向，用一两句话把主体概括出来，还要写得有吸引力。

开始段的写法没有一定的规则，总的原则是要适应文章的性质，并能吸引读者。常用的开始段写作方法有：

1．开门见山阐明主题

比如在写题为“My View on Good Manners in Public Places”的文章时，就可以

在文章的开头直接了当地点明主题。

People all over the world highly value good manners.

2．对比

把两种或几种形成鲜明对比的事实或观点放在一起阐述，有很好的说服力。

In striking contrast to students in many other countries, our college students have

not been known until recently for their interest in politics and national affairs.

3．驳论

先陈述反面观点，以便进行针锋相对的驳斥。

Some people think they will get ill if they use their brain too much. It is not so. Your

brain is like your body, if you don’t use it, it may become very weak, or even ill.

That is why people play various games when they are free. To our brain, it also

needs to be used, or else it will become slow.

常用句型有：

1)although we have tended to believe that …

2)… had long existed in the society, most of have not realized …

3)It is generally accepted / assumed that …

4)It is not an overstatement to say that …

5)Many have argued that …, while others have raised doubts about …

6)Many people are very much concerned with …

7)The traditional belief is that …

8)There is a popular idea about / that …

9)When asked about …, the vast majority of people say that …, but other people

think…

注意事项：

1）开始段要力求简明精炼，直接进入主题。不要在开头处绕弯子，说一些与主题无关的话。

2）对文章内容不宜进行深入的讨论或总结，具体的论证或叙述要放到第二段进行。否则不但违背写作原则，而且会使文章头重脚轻，段落安

排失去平衡。

（二）主体段

主体段使文章的正文，其作用是对文章主题进行解释和说明。主体段篇幅通常脚开始段和结尾段长，有鲜明的主题句以及解释、定义、描写及说明

的扩展句。

（三）结尾段

结尾段是对全文内容进行总结归纳或提出总结性观点的环节，也是对文章主题作最后一次强调。因此好的结尾既要与开篇部分相呼应，又要能够强

调文章的中心思想。

常用词语和句型：

in a word, in conclusion, to sum up, in brief, in short, in all, on the whole, in other words, from this point of view, therefore, to conclude, in summary, etc.

Only by…, can we…

Therefore, we can draw the following conclusions:

Thus, it can be concluded that…

This is the reason why…

All this suggests that…

On account of this we can find that…

注意事项：

1）照应开始段的主题，且应语气一致，衔接自然。

2）不要草草结尾，把一篇文章写得虎头蛇尾。

3）不要在结尾处出现新观点，结尾部分只是对所持观点的强化。

二．主体段的展开方式

（一）列举法

列举法是应试作文中最常见的一种方法，常用于议论文中。作者首先在主题句里提出自己的观点，然后列举出一系列的具体事实和依据来说明其观

点。

事实1

主题句事实2 总结

事实3

常用词语：

表示先后顺序的序数词：first, second, third, etc.

表示并列关系的副词：firstly, secondly, finally, next, then, last, etc.

表示并列关系的词语：one, another, other, first of all, in addition, moreover,

besides, furthermore, etc.

在利用列举法展开段落时，可以按照时间或空间发展的顺序来安排素材，也可以按照事物重要性的顺序来发展段落，通常的顺序是由非重要到重要，由特

殊到一般。