加拿大非常规油气资源

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Fra Baidu bibliotek
slide 10
Oil Sands
Land Usage
Source: CAPP NYSE:DVN
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slide 11
Oil Sands
Mining and In Situ
Oil Sands Reserves
(170 Billion Barrels)
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slide 14
Oil Sands
Greenhouse Gases
• Focus on decreasing intensity per barrel production
• 39% intensity decrease since 1990 • Currently 5-15% greater emissions on a full cycle basis vs. U.S. crude supply average • Technology concentrating primarily on lowering energy usage
• Underground combustion rather than steam
• Additives to reduce the need for both water and energy (steam)
– – LASER (Imperial), SAP (Cenovus), N-Solv SC-SAGD (Laricina), SOLVE (Statoil/PTRC)
Oil Sands
Global Crude Oil Reserves
by Country
300 264 250 200 150 100 50 0
Saudi Canada Arabia Iran Iraq Kuwait Venezuela Abu Dhabi Russia Libya NigeriaKazhakhstan US
U.S. Domestic
Oil Sands
120
114
100
116 108 105
113
•
102 98
102
102
106
104
Range of Common U.S. Imported Crude Oils
On a life cycle basis, oil sands have similar GHG emissions to other sources of oil Full cycle emissions or “wells to wheels” is the appropriate measure to use in setting carbon policies
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slide 13
Oil Sands
Fresh Water Usage
• High proportion of water recycled and continues to improve
– Imperial Cold Lake: 85% reduction over 30 years • Some in situ (SAGD) projects use no fresh water (saline water > 4,000 ppm TDS) • Fresh water withdrawals from Athabasca River closely monitored and are less than 2% of volume • New technologies focusing on less intensive use of water
Delta/Arctic
WCSB
Jeanne D’Arc/Sable
Calgary
Montreal
Source: CAPP
Canadian Resource Pyramid
Oil
Increased Operating Challenges
Unconventional Resources Large volumes that are difficult to develop
In situ – oil sands more than 60 m deep
Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage (SAGD)
Cyclic Steam Process
Source: Canadian Centre for Energy Information
Oil Sands Projects
Land Usage
• All disturbed land must be reclaimed by law
• Surface disturbance per barrel (SAGD) 1-2% vs. conventional oil in Canada • New tailings management technologies being employed to dramatically reduce time to reclaim lands • Reuse technologies being employed to reduce the size of tailings ponds • Increased well density per pad, low impact pipelining developed in conjunction with Government of Alberta
Cold Lake
In Situ Projects Tucker Lake Mining Projects
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Oil Sands
Key Current Issues
• Land usage – Boreal Forest disturbance • Fresh water usage/impact • Greenhouse gases
Mining 3% Mining 20%
Oil Sands Land Use
(140,200 km2)
In Situ 80%
In Situ
(Minor Surface Disturbance)
97%
Source: CAPP NYSE:DVN www.devonenergy.com slide 12
Oil Sands
g CO2e/MJ gasoline
80
•
Approx 55% of 2008 oil sands production
Approx 40% of 2008 oil sands production
40
20
Approx 5% of 2008 oil sands production
No current production (likely future scenario)
Oil Sands
GHG Technology Solutions
Energy Efficiency
• Low Energy extraction
– – – 35oC instead of 80oC = 1/3 less energy Working on lower temperatures Petrobank Whitesands – THAI process
Tight Gas Sands Coal Bed Methane Shale Gas Gas Hydrates
Source: CAPP NYSE:DVN
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slide 4
Increased Cost
Conventional
Improved Technology
Conventional Resources Small volumes that are easy to develop
• Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) most effective at large conventional sources
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slide 15
Full Cycle GHG Emissions
140
Common U.S. Conventional Oil Imports
Issue Session 2.7 Canadian Unconventional Sources of Fossil Fuels
World Energy Congress Chris Seasons - Devon Canada September 14, 2010
Major Canadian Basins
60
0
Saudi Mexico Iraq Venezuela Nigeria US Gulf Coast California Oil Sands Thermal Mining Upgraded Bitumen In situ oil In situ oil In situ oil sands - sands - sands Diluent Upgraded Bitumen Bitumen Bitumen
Oil Sands and Conventional
Source: CAPP NYSE:DVN
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slide 7
Oil Sands
Current Commercial Production Technologies
Mining – oil sands less than 60 m deep
• Electricity instead of steam to warm the heavy oil underground
In Three Deposits
Fort Hills Horizon Joslyn Creek Syncrude Dover Peace River Seal Suncor Muskeg River Albian Kearl Lake Northern Lights
Firebag
MacKay River
Jackpine
Fort McMurray
Peace River
Hangingstone
Surmont
Christina Lake (ECA) Jackfish
Long Lake
300 km
White Sands
Cold Lake Foster Creek Hilda Lake
Wolf Lake/Primrose
Billions of Barrels
175 136 115 102 99 92 60 44 36 30 21
Source: Oil & Gas Journal/CAPP NYSE:DVN www.devonenergy.com
slide 6
Canadian Crude Oil Production
Secondary (e.g., Water Flood) Tertiary (e.g., CO2Flood) Thermal (e.g., SAGD) Shales
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slide 3
Improved Technology
Increased Cost
Conventional Resources Small volumes that are easy to develop
Primary
Canadian Resource Pyramid
Gas
Increased Operating Challenges
Unconventional Resources Large volumes that are difficult to develop
GHG Emissions from Production and Refining GHG Emissions from Gasoline Consumption
Source: Jacobs Consultancy Life Cycle Assessment Comparison for North America and Imported Crudes, June 2009 NYSE:DVN www.devonenergy.com slide 16