翻译硕士《翻译硕士英语》考研2021考研真题考试大纲

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211翻译硕士英语2021

青岛大学 2021 年翻译专业硕士研究生入学试题科目代码：211 科目名称：翻译硕士英语(共9 页)请写明题号，将答案全部写在答题纸上，答在试卷上无效PART I GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY (20 Points)1.A.had been capturedB. being always capturedC. only to be capturedD. unfortunately captured2.It is not so much the language the cultural background that makes the bookdifficult to understand.A.butB. norC. likeD. as3.A.who is knownB. whom is knownC. what is knownD. which is known4.A.However the task is hardB. However hard the task isC. Though hard the task isD. Though hard is the task5.My cousin likes eating very much, but he isn’t very about the food he eats.A.specialB. peculiarC. particularD. specific6.One third of the Chinese in the United States live in California, in the SanFrancisco area.A.remarkablyB. severelyC. drasticallyD. predominantly7.More often than not, it is difficult to the exact meaning of a Chineseidiom in English.A.exchangeB. transferC. conveyD. convert8.The scientists have absolute freedom as to what research they think it bestto .A.engageB. devoteC. seekD. pursue9.The local authorities realized the need to make for elderly people intheir housing programs.A.preparationB. requirementC. specificationD. provision10.I sympathize, I can’t really do very much to help them out of thedifficulties.A.As long asB. AsC. WhileD. Even11.During the famine, many people were to going without food for days.A.sunkB. reducedC. forcedD. declined12.You must insist that students give a truthful answer with the reality of theirworld.A.relevantB. simultaneousC. consistentD. practical13.Agriculture is the country’s chief source of wealth, wheat by far thebiggest cereal crop.A.isB. beenC. beD. being14.Time , the celebration will be held as scheduled.A.permitB. permittingC. permittedD. permits15. I like economics, I like sociology much better.A.As mush asB. So muchC. How muchD. Much as16.With exceptions, the former president does not appear in public now.A.rareB. unusualC. extraordinaryD. unique17.He plays tennis to the of all other sports.A.eradicationB. exclusionC. extensionD. inclusion18.She answered with an "No" to the request that she attend thepublic hearing.A.eloquentB. effectiveC. emotionalD. emphatic19.Everyone who has visited the city agrees that it is with life.A.vibrantB. violentC. energeticD. full20. conscious of my moral obligations as a citizen.A.I was and always will beB. I have to be and always will beC. I had been and always will beD. I have been and always will bePART II READING COMPREHENSION (50 Points)In this section there are five reading passages followed by a total of fifteen multiple-choice questions. Read the passages and then write your answers on your answer sheet. Passage 1In history books, objective information about the political life of a country is presented; that is, facts about politics are given, but opinions are not expressed. Art, on the other hand, is subjective: it reflects emotions and opinions. The great Spanish painter Francisco Goya was perhaps the first truly “political” artist. In his well-known painting The Third of May 1808, he criticized the Spanish government for its misuse of power over people. Over a hundred years later, symbolic images were used in Pablo Picasso’s Guernica to express the horror of war. Meanwhile, on another continent, the powerful paintings of Diego Rivera, Jose Clemente Orozco, and David Alfaro Siqueiros—as wellas the works of Alfredo Ramos Martines—depicted these Mexican artists’ deep anger and sadness about social problems.In the same way, art can reflect a culture’s religious beliefs. For hundreds of years in Europe, religious art was almost the only type of art that existed. Churches and other religious buildings were filled with paintings that depicted people and stories from the Bible. Although most people couldn’t read, they could still understand biblical stories in the pictures on church walls. By contrast, one of the main characteristics of art in the Middle East was (and still is) its absence of human and animal images. This reflects the Islamic belief that statues are unholy.1.More can be learned about a culture from a study of art history than general historybecause art history .A.show us the religious and emotions of a people in addition to political values.B.provide us with information about the daily activities of people in the past.C.D.all of the above.2.Art is subjective in that .A.a personal and emotional view of history is presented through it.B.it can easily rouse our anger or sadness about social problems.C.it will find a ready echo in our hearts.D.both B and C.3.Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?A.Unlike Francisco Goya, Pablo and several Mexican artists expressed their politicalopinions in their paintings.B.C.Religious art remained in Europe for centuries the only type of art because mostpeople regarded the Bible as the Holy Book.D.All the above mentioned.4.The passage is mainly discussing .A.the difference between general history and art history.B.The making of art history.C.What can we learn from art.D.The influence of artists on art history.5.In may be concluded from this passage that .A.Islamic artists have had to create architectural decorations with images of flowersor geometric forms.B.History teachers are more objective than general history.C.It is more difficult to study art history than general history.D.People and stories from the Bible were painted on churches and other buildings inorder to popularize the Bible.Passage 2Nineteenth-century writers in the United States, whether they wrote novels, short stories, poems, or plays, were powerfully drawn to the railroad in its golden years. In fact,writers responded to the railroads as soon as the first were built in the 1830’s. By the 1850’s, the railroad was a major presence in the life of the nation. Writers such as Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau saw the railroad both as a boon to democracy and as an object of suspicion. The railroad could be and was a despoiler of nature; furthermore, in its manifestation of speed and noise, it might be a despoiler of human nature as well. By the 1850’s and 1860’s, there was a great distrust among wri ter intellectuals of the rapid industrialization of which the railroad was a leading force. Deeply philosophical historians such as Henry Adams lamented the role that the new frenzy for business was playing in eroding traditional values. A distrust of industry and business continued among writers throughout the rest of the nineteenth century and into the twentieth.6.With which of the following topics is the passage mainly concerned?A.The role of the railroad in the economy of the Unite StatesB.Major nineteenth-century writersC.The conflict between expanding industry and preserving natureD.The railroad as a subject for literature7.In the first paragraph, the author implies that writers’ reactions to the development ofrailroads wereA.highly enthusiasticB.both positive and negativeC.unchangingD.disinterested8.According to the passage, the railroad played a significant role in literature in all ofthe following kinds of books EXCEPTA.thrillersB. boys’ booksC. important novelsD. romances9.The author mentions all of the following as being true about the literature of railroadsEXCEPT thatA.many of its writers had experience working on railroadsB.many of the books were set in railroad stations and yardsC.the books were well known during the railroads’ prime yearsD.quite a few of the books are still popular today10.What is the author’s attitude toward the “railroad novels” and other books aboutrailroads written between 1890 and 1920?A.They have much literary importance as the books written by Emerson, Thoreau,and Adams.B.They are good examples of the effects industry and business had on the literatureof the United States.C.They contributed to the weakening of traditional values.D.They are worth reading as sources of knowledge about the impact of railroads onlife in the United States.Passage 3Ridiculous beliefs? Not to many people, especially many women and members of minority races who, like Coleman, feel that the scales (障眼物) have dropped from their eyes. "Women and blacks in organizations work under false beliefs," says Kaleel Jamison, a New York based management consultant who helps corporation s deal with these issues. "They think that if you work hard, you'll get ahead--that someone in authority will reach down and give you a promotion." She adds, "Most women and blacks are so frightened that people will think they've gotten ahead because of their sex or color that they play down (使不突出) their visibility." Her advice to those folks: learn the ways that white males have traditionally used to find their way into the spotlight.11.According to the passage, "things formerly judged to be best left unsaid" (Line 2,Para.1) probably refers to " ".A.criticisms that shape everyone's experienceB.the opinions which contradict the established beliefsC.D.12.To achieve success in your career, the most important factor, according to thepassage, is to .A.let your superiors know how good you areB.project a favorable image to the people around youC.work as a consultant to your superiorsD.perform well your tasks given by your superiors13.The reason why women and blacks play down their visibility is that they .A.know that someone in authority will reach down and give them a promotionB.want to give people the impression that they work under false beliefsC.don't want people to think that their promotions were due to sex or colorD.believe they can get promoted by reason of their sex or color14.The author is of the opinion that Coleman's beliefs are .A.biasedB. popularC. insightfulD. superficial15.The best title for this passage would be .A.Role of Women and Minorities in ManagementB.The Importance of Being VisibleC.Job Performance and AdvancementD.Sex and Career SuccessPassage 4Early in the age of affluence ( 富裕) that followed World War II , an American retailing analyst named Victor Elbow proclaimed,” Our enormously productive economy...demands that we make consumption our way of life, that we convert the buying and use of goods into rituals, that we seek our spiritual satisfaction, our ego satisfaction, is consumption. ... We need things consumed, burned up, worn out, replaced and discarded at an ever increasing rate.”Overconsumption by the world's fortunate is an environmental problem unmatched in severity by anything but perhaps population growth. Their surging exploitation of resources threatens to exhaust or unalterably spoil forests, soils, water, air and climate.Of course, the opposite of overconsumption—poverty—is no solution to either environmental or human problems. It is infinitely worse for people and bad for the natural world too. Dispossessed (被剥夺得一无所有的) peasants slash-and burn their way into the rain forests of Latin America, and hungry nomads (游牧民族) turn their herds out onto fragile African grassland, reducing it to desert.If environmental destruction results when people have either too little or too much,we are left to wonder how much enough is. What level of consumption can the earth support? When dose having more cease to add noticeably to human satisfaction?16.The emergence of the affluent society after World War II .A.led to the reform of the retailing systemB.resulted in the worship of consumerismC.gave rise to the dominance of the new egoismD.gave birth to a new generation of upper class consumers17.Apart from enormous productivity, another important impetus to highconsumption is .A.the people's desire for a rise in their living standardsB.the concept that one's success is measured by how much they consumeC.the imbalance that has existed between production and consumptionD.the conversion of the sale of goods into rituals18.Why does the author say high consumption is a mixed blessing?A.B ecause poverty still exists in an affluent society.B.B ecause overconsumption won't last long due to unrestricted populationgrowth.C.Because traditional rituals are often neglected in the process of modernization.D.Because moral values are sacrificed in pursuit of material satisfaction.19.According to the passage, consumerist culture .A.will not alleviate poverty in wealthy countriesB.will not aggravate environmental problemsC.cannot thrive on a fragile economyD.cannot satisfy human spiritual needs20.It can be inferred from the passage that .A.human spiritual needs should match material affluenceB.whether high consumption should be encouraged is still an issueC.how to keep consumption at a reasonable level remains a problemD.there is never an end to satisfying people's material needsPassage 5Opinion poll surveys show that the public see scientists in a rather unflattering light.In spite of excellent documentaries, and some good popular science magazines, scientific stories in the media still usually alternate between miracle and scientific threat. The popular stereotype of science is like the magic of fairy tales: it has potential forenormous good or awful harm. Popular fiction is full of “good” scientists saving the world, and “mad” scientists trying to destroy it.From all the many scientific stories which might be given media treatment, those which are chosen are usually those which can be framed in terms of the usual news angles: novelty, threat, conflict or the bizarre. The routine and often tedious work of the scientist slips from view, to be replaced with a picture of scientists forever offending public moral sensibilities (as in embryo research), threatening public health (as in weapons research), or fighting it out with each other (in giving evidence at public enquiries such as those held on the issues connected with nuclear power).It is no such thing, of course. Science is what scientists do; what they do is what a particular kind of society facilitates, and what is done with their work depends very much on who has the power to turn their discoveries into technology, and what their interests are.21.According to the passage, ordinary people have a poor opinion of science andscientists partly because .A.of the misleading of the mediaB.opinion polls are unflatteringC.scientists are shown negatively in the mediaD.science is considered to be dangerous22.Fewer girls than boys study science because .A.they think that science is too difficultB.they are often unsuccessful in science at schoolC.science is seen as a man’s jobD.science is considered to be tedious23.Media treatment of science tends to concentrate on .A.the routine, everyday work of scientistsB.discoveries that the public will understandC.the more sensational aspects of scienceD.the satisfactions of scientific work24.According to the author, over-personalization of scientific work will lead scienceA.isolation from the rest of the worldB.improvements on school systemC.association with “femaleness”D.trouble in recruiting young talent25.According to the author, what a scientist does .A.should be attributed to his individual geniusB.depends on the coordination of the societyC.shows his independent powerD.is unpredictablePART III WRITING (30 Points)Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Television, newspapers, magazines, and other media pay too much attention to the personal lives of famous people such as public figures and celebrities.Write an essay of about 400 words, expressing your views on the topic above. In the first part of your writing you should present your thesis statement and in the second part you should support the thesis statement with appropriate details. In the last part you should bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or make a summary. You should supply an appropriate title for your essay.Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar, diction and appropriateness. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.。

四川大学2021年MTI翻译硕士真题及答案

四川大学2021年MTI翻译硕士真题及答案四川大学2021年翻译硕士MTI真题I. Directions: Translate the following words, abbreviations or terminology into their target languages respectively. (30′)1. Overseas remittance: 海外汇款；国外汇款2. European Union Emission Trading Scheme: 欧盟排放交易体系3. carbon sink: 碳汇4. TPP Agreement: 跨太平洋伙伴关系协定 (Trans-Pacific Partnership)5. COP 19: 联合国气候变化大会第19次缔约方大会 [ the 19th Conference ofthe Parties (COP19) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change]6. Malthusian Theory of Population: 马尔萨斯人口论 ( 马尔萨斯主义以英国经济学家马尔萨斯为代表的资产阶级学派。

产生于18世纪，马尔萨斯在其代表作《人口原则》和《政治经济学原理》中提出了“马尔萨斯人口论”，人类必须控制人口的增长)7. sub-Saharan Africa: 撒哈拉以南非洲8. Maastricht Treaty: 马斯特里赫特条约 (马斯特里赫特条约一般指欧洲联盟条约。

《欧洲联盟条约（Treaty of Maastricht）》，它是于1991年12月9日至10日第46届欧洲共同体首脑会议上签署的条约，包括《欧洲经济与货币联盟条约》和《政治联盟条约》。

这一条约为欧共体建立政治联盟和经济与货币联盟确立了目标与步骤，是欧洲联盟成立的基础）9. Declaration on the Conduct of Parties in the South China Sea （DOC)：《中国南海缔约方行为公告》 10. HSBC：汇丰银行11. the House of Lords：英国上议院12. purchasing power parity：购买力平价13. China-Britain Business Council (CBBC)：英中贸易协会 14. Wikileaks：维基解密15. rep by pop：人口数决定代表数（representation by population）；人民代表16. 创业板市场：Growth Enterprise Market17. 中国共产党第十八届三中全会：the Third Plenary Session of the 18th Central Committee of the CPC (communist party of China) 18. 棱镜�~件:PRISM；the US surveillance program PRISM 19. 《本草纲目》：compendium of materia medica 20. 假冒及盗版产品：counterfeit and pirated products 21. 页岩气：shale gas22. 土豪: rich rednecks；Beverly Hillbillies；upstart；rural rich；local tyrant; local lord 23. 比特币：bitcoin24. “脱光”（11月11日): ending the situation of being single; say goodbye to the single lives25. 现房与期房: complete apartment and forward delivery housing 26. 老年痴呆: senile de mentia; Alzheimer’s disease27. 杜莎夫人蜡像馆: Madame Tussauds (蜡像馆是由蜡制雕塑家杜莎夫人建立的，杜莎夫人蜡像馆是全世界水平最高的蜡像馆之一，有众多世界名人的蜡像，其中恐怖屋最为出名)28. 热岛效应: Urban Heat Island Effect (一个地区的气温高于周围地区的现象)29. 《环球时报》:Global Times 30. 《史记》: Historical RecordsII. Directions: Translate the following source texts into their target languages respectively. If the source text is in English, its target language is Chinese. If the source text is in Chinese, its target language is English. (120’)Source Text 1:The biographer should sternly confine himself to the functions as introducer and should give no more discussion than is clearly necessary for making the book an independent whole. A little analysis of motive may be necessary here and there, when forexample, your hero has put his hand in somebody’s pocket and you have to demonstrate that his conduct was due to sheer absence of mind. But you must always remember that a single concrete fact were a saying into which man has put his soul is worth pages of psychological analysis. We may argue till Doom’s Day about Swift’s character, his singled phrase of dying like a poisoned rat in a hole, tells us more than all the commentators. The book should be the man himself speaking or acting, or nothing but the man. It should be such a portrait as reveals the essence of character. And thewriter who gives anything that does not tell upon the general effect is like the portrait painter who allows the chairs and tables, or even the coat and cravat to distract attention from the vase. The really significant anecdote is often all that survives of a life. And such anecdotes must be made to tell properly instead of being hidden away in the wilderness of the common place. They should be a focus of interest instead of a fallible abstract for a book of miscellaneous. How much would be lost of Johnson if we suppressed the incident of the penance and to(*). It is such incidents that in books as often in life suddenly reveal to us allregions of sentiment, but never rise to the surface in the ordinaryroutine of our day. Source Text 2:The term genetically modified organism (GMO) refers to plants, microbes and animals with genes transferred from other species in order to produce certain novel characteristics (for example resistance to pests, or herbicides) and are produced byrecombinant DNA technology. Four main sources of hazards of GMO are discussed by scientists worldwide:those due to the new genes, and gene products introduced; 2) unintended effects inherent to the teclinology; 3) interactions between foreign genes and host genes; and 4) those arising from the spread of the introduced genes by ordinary cross-pollination as well as by horizontal gene transfer.GM crops contain material, which is not present in them under natural conditions, and they form a part of our daily diet. To understand what effect they can have on us and on our animaJs, it is very important to study the influence of these GM plants in different organisms for several generations. At present, these studies are lackii.j from the scientific literature. Also, several detrimental effects of GM crops had been showed on themetabolism of animals. The hazard of GMO was shown for animals and the environment in many investigations. Earlier it was shown that consumption of GM food by animals led to the negativechanges in their organisms. Experiments, conducted by A. Pusztai showed that potatoes modified by the insertion of the gene of snowdrop lectin (雪花莲凝集素),stunled the growth of rats,significantly affected some of their vital organs, including thekidneys, thymus (陶腺)，gastrocnemius muscles (聪肠肌）and others and damaged their intestines and their immune system. Source Text 3:科学是讲求实际的。

西北师范大学211翻译硕士英语2021年考研专业课初试大纲

2Leabharlann 序号考试内容 Ⅰ 词汇语法
Ⅱ 阅读理解
Ⅲ
造句
Ⅳ 英语写作共计
《翻译硕士英语》考试内容一览表题型
选择题或改错题 1）选择题 2）简答题 1）单句题 2）连词成篇题命题作文
分值 20 30
20 30 100
四、参考书目
1、《高级英语》，张汉熙，外语教学与研究出版社（2000 版） 2、《综合英语教程》，邹为诚，高等教育出版社（2005 版）
硕士研究生招生考试《翻译硕士英语》科目大纲
（科目代码：211）
、
学院名称（盖章）：外国语学院学院负责人(签字)：_________________ 编制时间： 2020 年 7 月
《翻译硕士英语》科目大纲
（科目代码：211）
一、考核要求
《翻译硕士英语》作为全日制翻译硕士专业学位（MTI）研究生入学考试的外国语考试，其目的是考查考生是否具备进行 MTI 学习所要求的英语水平。具体考核要求如下：
二、考核评价目标
1. 基本具备攻读翻译专业硕士所需要的英语词汇、搭配、常用表达等基本语言知识。 2. 基本具备英语语法知识，能较为熟练准确地运用英语重要的语法范畴，如名词的数、动词的时、体、语气、语态、复合句结构、修辞等，具备初步的语言应用能力。 3. 具备基本阅读英语材料的能力，能够在阅读过程中运用归纳、推理等逻辑方法理解材料的意义，基本功读硕士研究生期间基本的材料解读能力。 4. 具备初步的外语写作能力，能用英语表达较为复杂的观点和思想，语言应用达到一定水平，能应用英语进行基本的表达，初步具备翻译过程中用英语输出的语言应用能力
三、考核内容
本考试包括四个部分：词汇语法、阅读理解、造句、英语写作。总分 100 分。

中南大学2021年翻译硕士考研真题及答案

中南大学2021年翻译硕士考研真题及答案凯程考研辅导班，中国最权威的考研辅导机构中南大学2021年翻译硕士考研真题及答案历年真题是最权威的，最直接了解各专业考研的复习资料，考生要重视和挖掘其潜在价值，尤其是现在正是冲刺复习阶段，模拟题和真题大家都要多练多总结，下面分享中南大学2021年翻译硕士考研真题及答案，方便考生使用。

中南大学2021年翻译硕士考研真题及答案I. Directions: Translate the following words, abbreviations or terminology into their target language respectively. (30′)1.IMO：国际海事组织(International Maritime Organization)2.CPI：居民消费价格指数(Consumer Price Index)3.UNCF：联合国儿童基金会(United Nations Ch ildren’s Fund)4.OECD：经济合作与发展组织(Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development)5.ASEAN：东南亚国家联盟(Association of South East Asian Nations);东盟6.OAU：非洲统一组织(Organization of African Unity)7.APEC：亚太经济合作组织(Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation) 8.AFTA：东盟自由贸易区(ASEAN Free Trade Area)9.GPA：政府采购协定(Government Procurement Agreement) 10.to ramp up diplomatic engagement：加强外交接触11. 100000 strong Initiative：十万人留学中国计划 (奥巴马总统于2021年访华时宣布该计划,目标是到2021年争取让10万美国青年人去中国留学) 12.a public-private partnership：公私合作关系13.to foster new bright spots of Asian cooperation：培育亚洲合作新亮点14.to increase strategic trust：增进战略互信 15.bilateral trade deficit：双边贸易逆差16.加强ZF间的磋商合作：strengthen inter-governmental consultation and coordination 17.坚持“ZF引导，企业主体，市场运作，互利共赢”的方针：agovernment-guided, business-led and market-driven approach for win-winprogress18.减少可吸入颗粒: reducing particulate matter (PM10) pollution; decrease inhalable particulate matter19.原油价飙升: crude oil prices surge 20.传销: pyramid selling; pyramid scheme 21.虚拟经济: virtual economy22.法定准备金率: ratio of reserve requirement; Required deposit reserve ratio; Legal Reserve Ratio23.上市子公司: listed subsidiary24.土豪: rich rednecks;Beverly Hillbillies;upstart;rural rich;local tyrant; local lord 25.养老保险：endowment insurance;pension insurance第 1 页共 1 页凯程考研辅导班，中国最权威的考研辅导机构26.中国创业板：China Growth Enterprise Market27.社会媒体和大数据迁移研究: research in social media and big datatransfer 28.主要经济指标：major economic indicator ; leading economic indicator29.产权多元化：Multiple property right;ownership diversification; the diversification of property rights30.建立定制的信息提取和过滤系统: establishing a customised information extraction and filtering systemII. Directions: Translate the following two source texts into their target language respectively. (120 ')Source Text 1:BEAUTY, the saying has it, is only skin deep. Not true. Skin is important (the cosmetics industry proves that). But so is what lies under it. In particular, the shape of people’s faces, determined by their bone structure, contributes enormously to how beautiful they are. And, since the ultimatepoint of beauty is to signal who is a good prospect as a mate, what makes aface beautiful is not only an aesthetic matter but also a biological one. Howthose bone structures arise, and how they communicate desirable traits, arebig evolutionary questions.Until now, experiments to try to determine the biological basis of beauty have been of the please-look-at-these-photographs-and-answer-some-questions variety. Some useful and not necessarily obvious results have emerged, such as that one determinant of beauty is facial symmetry.But what would really help is a breeding experiment which allowed the shapes of faces to be followed across the generations to see how those shapes relate to variations in things that might be desirable in a mate. These might include fertility, fecundity, social status, present health, and likely resistance to future infection and infestation. Correlations between many of these phenomena and attributes of the body-beautiful have, indeed, been established. But in a pair-forming, highly social species such as Homo sapiens, you also have to live with your co-child-raiser or, at least, collaborate with him or her. So other things may be important in a mate, too, such as an even temper and a friendly outlook.It would be impossible to do such a breeding experiment on people, of course. But as Irene Elia, a biological anthropologist at Cambridge, realised, it has in fact been done, for the past five decades, on a different species of animal. Dr Elia has published her analysis of this experiment in the Quarterly Review of Biology. The animals in question are foxes.参考译文：俗话说，美貌不过是一张皮。

211-翻译硕士英语-桂林理工大学2021年硕士研究生入学考试试题

南昌航空大学211翻译硕士英语2021年考研专业课初试大纲

南昌航空大学2021年研究生入学考试初试大纲考试科目名称：《翻译硕士英语》考试科目代码：211考试形式：笔试考试时间：180分钟满分： 100分参考书目：无指定参考书一、试卷结构：试卷结构包括三大部分：词汇与语法（选择、改错、完形填空、改错等）30分，阅读理解（选择、简答、翻译等）40分，英语写作30分。

总分为100分。

其中，词汇与语法单选题40小题，每题0.5分，共20分；完形填空或改错题20小题，每题0.5分，共10分；阅读理解4篇短文，共40分；英语写作，共30分。

二、考试范围：《翻译硕士英语》作为翻译硕士专业学位（MTI）研究生入学考试的外国语考试，其目的是考查考生是否具备良好的英语基本功和进行MTI学习所要求的外语水平。

（1）考查知识点1.单词量和语法知识的掌握。

要求考生认知词汇量在10000以上，能正确且熟练地运用6000个常用词汇及其搭配；能熟练掌握正确的英语语法、结构、修辞等语言规范知识；2.英语阅读理解能力的考查。

要求考生能读懂常见外刊上的专题文章、历史传记及文学作品等各种文体的文章，既能理解其主旨和大意，又能分辨出其中的事实与细节，并能理解其中的观点和隐含意义。

对于长难句，能够较准确地翻译。

3.写作能力的考查。

要求考生能根据所给题目及要求撰写一篇400词左右的记叙文、说明文或议论文。

该作文要求语言通顺，用词得体，结构合理，文体恰当。

（2）考查重点1. 重点考查单词词义辨析、固定短语搭配、各类语法点的掌握。

难度相当于英语专业八级或以上。

2. 重点考查学生阅读速度和准确度。

阅读题目中的文章较长，题量较大，且题型较多，因此要求考生能根据阅读时间要求调整自己的阅读速度。

同时，获取信息、理解观点和阅读综述能力也是考察重点，学生需要用3-5行字数的有限篇幅扼要回答问题或进行观点评判。

本部分阅读文章题材广泛，体裁多样，选材体现时代性、实用性；难度相当于英语专业八级或以上。

天津商业大学211翻译硕士英语2021年考研专业课初试大纲

天津商业大学2021年硕士研究生招生考试（初试）
自命题科目考试大纲
科目代码：211 科目名称：翻译硕士英语
一、考试要求
《翻译硕士英语》作为全日制翻译硕士专业学位（MTI）研究生入学考试的外国语考试，其目的是考察考生是否具备进行MTI学习所要求的英语水平。

本考试是一种测试应试者单项和综合语言能力的尺度参照性水平考试。

考试范围包括MTI考生应具备的英语词汇量、语法知识以及英语阅读与写作等方面的技能。

考试具体要求：
1.具有良好的英语基本功，认知词汇量在10，000以上，掌握6000个以上的积极词汇，即能正确而熟练地运用常用词汇及其常用搭配。

2.能熟练掌握正确的英语语法、结构、修辞等语言规范知识。

3.具有良好的英语听辩能力和信息识别能力。

4.具有较强的阅读理解能力和英语写作能力。

二、考试形式及时间
本考试采取客观试题与主观试题相结合，单项技能测试与综合技能测试相结合的方法。

各项试题的分布情况见“考试内容一览表”。

考试时间总计180分钟，其中第一部分词汇语法60分钟，第二部分阅读理解60分钟，第三部分英语写作60分钟。

三、考试内容
本考试包括三个部分：词汇语法、阅读理解、英语写作。

总分为100分。

四、考试题型及比例。

2021年广东暨南大学翻译硕士英语考研真题

2021年广东暨南大学翻译硕士英语考研真题学科、专业名称：翻译硕士专业研究方向：英语笔译考试科目名称：翻译硕士英语考试科目代码：211考生注意：所有答案必须写在答题纸（卷）上，写在本试题上一律不给分。

I. Vocabulary & Grammar (30%)Directions: There are 30 sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose ONE answer thatbest completes the sentence. Write your answers on the Answer Sheet.1. This problem should be discussed first, for it takes ________ over all the other issues.A. precedenceB. prosperityC. pres umptionD. probability2. When you prepare for your speech, be sure to cite ________ qualified sources of information and examples.A. manipulatedB. unbiasedC. distortedD. conveyed3. Turning cultivated land back into forests or pasture is a fundamental way to stem soil ________ and desertification in the long run.A. erosionB. depletionC. violationD. delusion4. In that country, a person who marries before legal age must have a parent’s ________ to obtain a license.A. sanctionB. warrantC. malignanceD. affirmation5. The discrepancy in the company accounts is so ________ that no auditor could have failed to notice it.A. spontaneousB. conspicuousC.notorious D. superfluous6. Furthermore, if I were to leave him, he would ________, for he cannot endure to be separated from me for more than one hour.A. prevailB. presideC. perishD. persecute7. Childhood can be a time of great insecurity and loneliness, during which the need to be accepted by peers ________ great significance.A. takes onB. works outC. brings aboutD. gives in8. The book might well have ________ had it been less expensive.A. worked outB. gone throughC. caught onD. fitted in9. I’ll have to ________ this dress a bit before the wedding next week.A. let offB. let goC. let looseD. let out10. The integration of staff for training has led to a good exchange of ideas, greater enthusiasm, and higher staff ________.A. moralB. mortalC. moraleD. mores11. Artificial intelligence deals partly with the ________ between the computer and the human brain.A. profileB. mightyC. analogyD. leakage12. These natural resources will be ________ sooner or later if the present rate of exploitation continues.A. depletedB. deployedC. inclinedD. mingled13. It is not ______much the language as the background that makes the book difficultto understand. A. that B. as C.so D. very14. Human choice, not the intrinsic content of science, determines the outcome and scientists, as human beings, therefore have a special responsibility to provide council rooted in ________.A. expirationB. explanationC. expertiseD. expenditure15. Stocks are not goods – they merely are ________, exchanging current cash flows from future ones.A. conductsB. conductionC. conduitsD. products16. A product is to be regarded as being ________ when introduced into another country at less than its normal value.A. dischargedB. discardedC. disposedD. dumped17. The government decided to take a ________ action to strengthen the market management.A. diverseB. durableC. epidemicD. drastic18. Inflation will reach its highest in a decade across most of Asia this year, threatening to ________ recent productivity gains.A. reverseB. reserveC. retrieveD. revise19. The students seldom wash their own clothes; ________ they help their parents do some housework.A. rather than doB. much less doC. much more doD. much less20. In linking geographically disparate people, the Internet is arguably helping millions of spontaneous communities to bloom: communities defined by common interests rather than by the accident of ________.A. affluenceB. reciprocityC. contemporarinessD. proximity21. Mr. Brown’s condition looks very serious and it is doubtful if he will ________.A. pull backB. pull throughC. pull upD. pull out22. Probably no man had more effect on the daily lives of most people in the United States ________ Henry Ford, a pioneer in automobile production.A. as wasB. than wasC. than didD. as did23. A ________ negative attitude of the engineers toward projects funded by his company is the cause of the delay of signing the contract.A. perpetualB. perniciousC. preventiveD. pervasive24. ________, domesticated grapes grow in clusters, range in color from pale green to black, and contain sugar in varying quantities.A. Their botanical classification as berriesB. Although their botanical classification as berriesC. Because berries being their botanical classificationD. Classified botanically as berries25. Nothing is so uncertain as the fashion market where one style ________ over another before being replaced.A. dominatesB. manipulatesC. overwhelmsD. prevails26. Some of the paintings formerly ________ the Italian Renaissance artist are now thought to have been created by one of his students.A. submitted toB. adapted fromC. denied byD. attributed to27. It is absolutely essential that William ________ his study in spite of some learning difficulties.A. will continueB. continuedC. continueD. continues28. People who suffer from ________, for example, tend to have difficulties gauging facial cues, so their attention is less influenced by where somebody is looking.A. autismB. assertivenessC. extroversionD. sociability29. We’re starting to realize that magicians have a lot of implicit knowledge about how we perceive the world around us because they have to deceive us in terms of controlling attention, exploiting the ________ we make when we do and don’t notice a change in our environment.A. imaginationsB. conceptionsC. perceptionsD. assumptions30. The hospital denies there is any connection between the disciplinary action and Dr. Reid’s ________ about health problems.A. allegianceB. allianceC. allegationsD. alliterationII. Reading Comprehension (40%)Directions: This part consists of two sections. In Section A, there are four passages followed by a total of 20 multiple-choice questions. In SectionB, there is one passage followed by a total of 5 short-answer questions.Read the passages and write your answers on the Answer Sheet.Section A Multiple-Choice Questions (30%)Passage 1Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.Three hundred years ago news travelled by word of mouth or 1etter, and circulated in taverns and coffee houses in the form of pamphlets and newsletters. “The coffee houses particularly are very roomy for a free conversation, and for reading at an easier rate all manner of printed news,” noted one observer. Everything changed in 1833 when the first mass-audience newspaper, The New York Sun, pioneered the use of advertising to reduce the cost of news, thus giving advertisers access to a wider audience. The penny press, followed by radio and television, turned news from a two-way conversation into a one-way broadcast, with a relatively small number of firms controlling the media.Now, the news industry is returning to something closer to the coffee house. The internet is making news more participatory, social and diverse, reviving the discursive characteristics of the era before the mass media. That will have profound effects on society and politics. In much of the world, the mass media are flourishing. Newspaper circulation rose globally by 6% between 2005 and 2009. But those global figures mask a sharp decline in readership in rich countries.Over the past decade, throughout the western world, people have been giving up newspapers and TV news and keeping up with events in profoundly different ways. Most strikingly, ordinary people are increasingly involved in compiling, sharing, filtering, discussing and distributing news. Twitter lets people anywhere report what they are seeing. Classified documents are published in their thousands online. Mobile phone footage of Arab uprisings and American tornadoes is posted on social-networking sites and shown on television newscasts. Social-networking sites help people find, discuss and share news with their friends.And it is not just readers who are challenging the media elite. Technology firmsincluding Google, Facebook and Twitter have become important conduits of news. Celebrities and world leaders publish updates directly via social networks; many countries now make raw data available through “open government” initiatives. The internet lets people read newspapers or watch television channels from around the world. The web has allowed new providers of news, from individual bloggers to sites, to rise to prominence in a very short space of time. And it has made possible entirely new approaches to journalism, such as that practiced by WikiLeaks, which provides an anonymous way for whistleblowers to publish documents. The news agenda is no longer controlled by a few press barons and state outlets.In principle, every liberal should celebrate this. A more participatory and social news environment, with a remarkable diversity and range of news sources, is a good thing. The transformation of the news business is unstoppable, and attempts to reverse it are doomed to failure. As producers of new journalism, individuals can be scrupulous with facts and transparent with their sources. As consumers, they can be general in their tastes and demanding in their standards. And although this transformation does raise concerns, there is much to celebrate in the noisy, diverse, vociferous, argumentative and stridently alive environment of the news business in the ages of the internet. The coffee house is back. Enjoy it.31. According to the passage, what initiated the transformation of coffee-house news to mass-media news?A. The appearance of big mass media firms.B. The emergence of advertising in newspapers.C. The popularity of radio and television.D. The increasing number of newspaper readers.32. Which of the following statements best supports “Now, the news industry is returning to something closer to the coffee house”?A. Newspaper circulation rose globally by 6％between 2005 and 2009.B. People in the Western world are giving up newspapers and TV news.C. Classified documents are published in their thousands online.D. More people are involved in finding, discussing and distributing news.33. According to the passage, which is NOT a role played by information technology?A. Challenging the traditional media.B. Planning the return to coffee-house news.C. Providing people with access to classified files.D. Giving ordinary people the chance to provide news.34. In “The coffee house is back”, coffee house best symbolizes ________.A. the changing characteristics of news audienceB. the more diversified means of news distributionC. the participatory nature of newsD. the more varied sources of news35. The author’s tone in the last paragraph towards new journalism is ________.A. optimistic and cautiousB. supportive and skepticalC. doubtful and reservedD. ambiguous and cautiousPassage 2Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage.The Welsh language has always been the ultimate marker of Welsh identity, but a generation ago it looked as if Welsh would go the way of Manx, once widely spoken on the Isle of Man but now extinct. Government financing and central planning, however, have helped reverse the decline of Welsh. Road signs and official public documents are written in both Welsh and English, and schoolchildren are requiredto learn both languages. Welsh is now one of the most successful of Europe’s regional languages, spoken by more than a half-million of the country’s three million people.The revival of the language, particularly among young people, is part of a resurgence of national identity sweeping through this small, proud nation. Last month Wales marked the second anniversary of the opening of the National Assembly, the first parliament to be convened here since 1404. The idea behind devolution was to restore the balance within the union of nations making up the United Kingdom. With most of the people and wealth, England has always had bragging rights. The partial transfer of legislative powers from Westminster, implemented by Tony Blair, was designed to give the other members of the club – Scotland, Northern Ireland, and Wales – a bigger say and to counter centrifugal forces that seemed to threaten the very idea of the union.The Welsh showed little enthusiasm for devolution. Whereas the Scots voted overwhelmingly for a parliament, the vote for a Welsh assembly scraped through by less than one percent on a turnout of less than 25 percent. Its powers were proportionately limited. The Assembly can decide how money from Westminster or the European Union is spent. It cannot, unlike its counterpart in Edinburgh, enact laws. But now that it is here, the Welsh are growing to like their Assembly. Many people would like it to have more powers. Its importance as figurehead will grow with the opening in 2003, of a new debating chamber, one of many new buildings that are transforming Cardiff from a decaying seaport into a Baltimore-style waterfront city. Meanwhile a grant of nearly two million dollars from the European Union will tackle poverty. Wales is one of the poorest regions in Western Europe – only Spain, Portugal, and Greece have a lower standard of living.Newspapers and magazines are filled with stories about great Welsh men and women, boosting self-esteem. To familiar faces such as Dylan Thomas and Richard Burton have been added new icons such as Catherine Zeta-Jones, the movie star, and Bryn Terfel, the opera singer. Indigenous foods like salt marsh lamb are in vogue. And Wales now boasts a national airline, Awyr Cymru. Cymru, which means “land of compatriots,”is the Welsh name for Wales. The red dragon, the nation’s symbol since the time of King Arthur, is everywhere – on T-shirts, rugby jerseys and even cell phone covers.“Until very recent times most Welsh people had this feeling of being second-class citizens,” said Dyfan Jones, an 18-year-old student. It was a warm summer night, and I was sitting on the grass with a group of young people in Llanelli, an industrial town in the south, outside the rock music venue of the National Eisteddfod, Wales’s annual cultural festival. The disused factory in front of us echoed to the sounds of new Welsh bands.“There was almost a genetic tendency for lack of confidence,” Dyfan continued. Equally comfortable in his Welshness as in his membership in the English-speaking, global youth culture and the new federal Europe, Dyfan, like the rest of his generation, is growing up with a sense of possibility unimaginable ten years ago. “We used to think. We can’t do anything, we’re only Welsh. Now I think that’s changing.”36. According to the passage, devolution was mainly meant to ________.A. maintain the present status among the nationsB. reduce legislative powers of EnglandC. create a better state of equality among the nationsD. grant more say to all the nations in the union37. The word “centrifugal” in the second paragraph means ________.A. separatistB. traditionalC. feudalD. political38. Wales is different from Scotland in all the following aspects EXCEPT ________.A. people’s desire for devolutionB. powers of the legislative bodyC. status of the national languageD. locals’ turnout for the voting39. Which of the following is NOT cited as an example of the resurgence of Welsh national identity?A. Welsh has witnessed a revival as a national language.B. Poverty-relief funds have been allocated by the European Union.C. A Welsh national airline is currently in operation.D. The national symbol has become a familiar sight.40. According to Dyfan Jones, what has changed is ________.A. people’s mentalityB. pop cultureC. town’s appearanceD. possibilities for the peoplePassage 3Questions 41 to 45 are based on the following passage.Just how much does the Constitution protect your digital data? The Supreme Court will now consider whether police can search the contents of a mobile phone without a warrant if the phone is on or around a person during an arrest.California has asked the justices to refrain from a sweeping ruling, particularly one that upsets the old assumptions that authorities may search through the possessions of suspects at the time of their arrest. It is hard, the state argues, for judges to assess the implications of new and rapidly changing technologies.The court would be recklessly modest if it followed California's advice. Enoughof the implications are discernable, even obvious, so that the justice can and should provide updated guidelines to police, lawyers and defendants.They should start by discarding California’s lame argument that exploring the contents of a smartphone – a vast storehouse of digital information – is similar to, say, going through a suspect’s purse. The court has ruled that police don’t violate the Fourth Amendment when they go through the wallet or pocketbook of an arrestee without a warrant. But exploring one’s smartphone is more like entering his or her home. A smartphone may contain an arrestee’s reading history, financial history, medical history and comprehensive records of recent correspondence. The development of “cloud computing,” meanwhile, has made that exploration so much easier.Americans should take steps to protect their digital privacy. But keeping sensitive information on these devices is increasingly a requirement of normal life. Citizens still have a right to expect private documents to remain private and protected by the Constitution’s prohibition on unreasonable searches.As so often is the case, stating that principle doesn’t ease the challenge of line-drawing. In many cases, it would not be overly onerous for authorities to obtain a warrant to search through phone contents. They could still invalidate Fourth Amendment protections when facing severe, urgent circumstances, and they could take reasonable measures to ensure that phone data are not erased or altered while a warrant is pending. The court, though, may want to allow room for police to cite situations where they are entitled to more freedom.But the justices should not swallow California’s argument whole. New, disruptive technology sometimes demands novel applications of the Constitution’s protections. Orin Kerr, a law professor, compares the explosion and accessibility of digital information in the 21st century with the establishment of automobile use as a digital necessity of life in the 20th: The justices had to specify novel rules for the new personal domain of the passenger car then; they must sort out how the Fourth Amendment applies to digital information now.41. The Supreme Court will work out whether, during an arrest, it is legitimate to ________.A. search for suspects’ mobile phones without being authorizedB. check suspects’ phone contents without being authorizedC. prevent suspects from deleting their phone contentsD. prohibit suspects from using their mobile phones42. The author’s attitude toward California’s argument is one of ________.A. disapprovalB. neutralityC. toleranceD. cautiousness43. The author believes that exploring one’s phone contents is comparable to ________.A. getting into one’s residenceB. handing one’s historical recordsC. scanning one’s correspondencesD. going through one’s wallet44. In Paragraphs 5 and 6, the author shows his concern that ________.A. principles are hard to be clearly expressedB. the court is giving police less room for actionC. phones are used to store sensitive informationD. citizens’ privacy is not effectively protected45.Orin Kerr’s comparison is quoted to indicate that ________.A. the Constitution should be implemented flexiblyB. new technology requires reinterpretation of the ConstitutionC. California’s argument violates principles of the ConstitutionD. Principles of the Constitution should never be alteredPassage 4Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.Many things make people think artists are weird and the weirdest may be this: artists’ only job is to explore emotions, and yet they choose to focus on the ones that feel bad.This wasn’t always so. The earliest forms of art, like painting and music, are those best suited for expressing joy. But somewhere in the 19th century, more artists began seeing happiness as insipid, phony or, worst of all, boring as we went from Wordsworth’s daffodils to Baudelaire’s flowers of evil.You could argue that art became more skeptical of happiness because modern times have seen such misery. But it’s not as if earlier times didn’t know perpetual war, disaster and the massacre of innocents. The reason, in fact, may be just the opposite: there is too much damn happiness in the world today.After all, what is the one modern form of expression almost completely dedicated to depicting happiness? Advertising. The rise of anti-happy art almost exactly tracks the emergence of mass media, and with it, a commercial culture in which happiness is not just an ideal but an ideology.People in earlier eras were surrounded by reminders of misery. They worked until exhausted, lived with few protections and died young. In the West, before mass communication and literacy, the most powerful mass medium was the church, which reminded worshippers that their souls were in peril and that they would someday bemeat for worms. Given all this, they did not exactly need their art to be a bummer too.Today the messages your average Westerner is bombarded with are not religious but commercial, and forever happy. Fast-food eaters, news anchors, text messengers, all smiling, smiling. Our magazines feature beaming celebrities and happy families in perfect homes. And since these messages have an agenda – to lure us to open our wallets – they make the very idea of happiness seem unreliable. “Celebrate!”commanded the ads for the arthritis drug Celebrex, before we found out it could increase the risk of heart attacks.What we forget – what our economy depends on is forgetting – is that happiness is more than pleasure without pain. The things that bring the greatest joy carry the greatest potential for loss and disappointment. Today, surrounded by promises of easy happiness, we need someone to tell us as religion once did, Memento mori: remember that you will die, that everything ends, and that happiness comes not in denying this but in living with it. It’s a message even more bitter than a clove cigarette, yet, somehow, a breath of fresh air.46. By citing the example of poets Wordsworth and Baudelaire, the author intendsto show that ________.A. poetry is not as expressive of joy as painting or musicB. art grows out of both positive and negative feelingC. poets today are less skeptical of happinessD. artists have changed their focus of interest47. The word “bummer” (Line 5, Paragraph 5) most probably means something ________.A. religiousB. happyC. entertainingD. unpleasant48. In the author’s opinion, advertising ________.A. emerges in the wake of the anti-happy artB. is a cause of disappointment for the general peerC. replaces the church as a major source of informationD. creates an illusion of happiness rather than happiness itself49. Which of the following is true of the text?A. Religion once functioned as a reminder of misery.B. Art provides a balance between expectation and reality.C. People feel disappointed at the realities of morality.D. mass media tend to cover disasters and deaths.50. We can learn from the last paragraph that the author believes ________.A. happiness more often than not ends in sadnessB. the anti-happy art is distasteful but refreshingC. misery should be enjoyed rather than deniedD. the anti-happy art flourishes when economy boomsSection B Short-Answer Questions (10%)Passage 5Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.From 2007 to 2010, American households lost $l1 trillion in real estate, savings, and stocks. More than half of all U.S. workers either lost their jobs or were forced to take cuts in hours or pay during the recession. The worst may be behind them now, but the shocking losses of the past few years have reshaped nearly every facet of their lives – how they live, work and spend – even the way they think about the future.For Cindy, the recession began when her husband was relocated to Rhinelander,Wisconsin by his company forcing the family to move in a hurry. The couple bought a new house but were unable to sell their two-bedroom home in Big Lake, Minnesota. With two mortgages and two young children to care for, Cindy couldn’t imagine how to stretch her husband’s paycheck to keep her family fed.Then she stumbled upon an online community called Blotanical, a forum for gardeners, many with an interest in sustainability. “The more I read and discussed these practices, the more I realized this would help not only our budget but also our health,” she says.Cindy admits that before the recession, she was a city girl with no interest in growing her own dinner. “I grew flowers mostly – I didn’t think about plants that weren’t visually interesting.” But to stretch her budget, she began putting in vegetables and fruit – everything from strawberry beds to apple trees – and as her first seedlings grew, her spirits lifted. She no longer thinks of gardening and making her own jams as just a money saver; they’re a genuine pleasure. “It’s brought us closer together as a family, too,” she says. Her kids voluntarily pitch in with the garden work, and the family cooks together instead of eating out. The food tastes better – it’s fresher and organic – and the garden handily fulfills its original purpose: cost cutting. Now she spends about $200 to $300 a month on groceries, less than half of the $650 a month that she used to lay out.After discovering how resourceful she can be in tough times, Cindy is no longer easily discouraged. “It makes me feel proud to be able to say I made it myself,”she says. “I feel accomplished, and I’m more confident about attempting things I’ve never done before.” Now she avoids convenience stores and has begun learning to knit, quilt and make her own soap. “I don’t think I would have ever begun this journey if it weren’t for the recession,” she says. “I have a feeling that from now on, it will affect my family’s health and happiness for the better.”51. What can you learn about the impact of the recession from the first paragraph?52. What made the family’s financial situation even worse?53. What did Cindy grow in her garden?54. Why does Cindy view gardening as a genuine pleasure?55. What does Cindy think of the difficult times she has gone through?III. Writing (30%)Directions:In this part you are going to write an essay of about 400-500 words within 60 minutes related to the following topic. Write your essay onthe Answer Sheet.Actors from the Shanghai Kun Opera Troupe perform The Orphan of Zhao, at the 1st Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Chinese Opera Culture Festival, on Nov 5, 2020. The festival was unveiled on Thursday in the Macao special administrative region. Peking opera, Kun opera, Yu opera and Cantonese opera are all featured at the event, collectively displaying the essence and charm of Chinese theater.How should traditional Chinese culture go global?Please develop your point of view into an essay of about 400-500 words.。

《翻译硕士英语》考试大纲及样题(附答案)

《翻译硕士英语》考试大纲一、考试目的《翻译硕士英语》作为全日制翻译硕士专业学位（MTI）研究生入学考试的外国语考试，其目的是考查考生是否具备进行MTI学习所要求的英语水平。

二、考试性质与范围本考试是一种测试应试者单项和综合语言能力的尺度参照性水平考试。

考试范围包括MTI考生入学应具备的英语词汇量、语法知识以及英语阅读与写作等方面的技能。

三、考试基本要求1. 具有良好的英语基本功，认知词汇量在10,000以上，掌握6,000个以上的积极词汇，即能正确而熟练地运用常用词汇及其常用搭配。

2. 能熟练掌握正确的英语语法、结构、修辞等语言规范知识。

3. 具有较强的阅读理解能力和英语写作能力。

四、考试形式本考试采取客观试题与主观试题相结合，单项技能测试与综合技能测试相结合的方法。

各项试题的分布情况见“考试内容一览表”。

五、考试内容本考试包括三个部分：词汇语法、阅读理解、英语写作。

总分100分。

I．词汇语法1. 考试要求1）词汇量要求考生的认知词汇量应在10,000以上，其中积极词汇量为6,000以上，即能正确而熟练地运用常用词汇及其常用搭配。

2）语法要求考生能正确运用英语语法、结构、修辞等语言规范知识。

2. 题型选择题或改错题。

总分30分。

考试时间为60分钟。

II. 阅读理解1. 考试要求1）能读懂常见外刊上的专题报道、历史传记及文学作品等各种文体的文章，既能理解其主旨和大意，又能分辨出其中的事实与细节，并能理解其中的观点和隐含意义。

2）能根据阅读时间要求调整自己的阅读速度。

2. 题型1）选择题（包括信息事实性阅读题和观点评判性阅读题）2）简答题（要求根据所阅读的文章，用3-5行字数的有限篇幅扼要回答问题，重点考查阅读综述能力）本部分题材广泛，体裁多样，选材体现时代性、实用性；重点考查通过阅读获取信息和理解观点的能力；对阅读速度有一定要求。

总分40分。

考试时间为60分钟。

III．英语写作1. 考试要求考生能根据所给题目及要求撰写一篇400词左右的记叙文、说明文或议论文。

云南大学硕士研究生211翻译硕士英语考研大纲

211-《翻译硕士英语》考试大纲一、考试要求及总体目标《翻译硕士英语》作为全日制攻读英语翻译硕士专业学位(MTI)入学考试的外国语考试，其目的是考察考生是否具备进行MTI学习所要求的英语水平。

该考试科目的考查内容包括英语词汇、英语语法、英语阅读以及英语写作四个部分，要求考生掌握12,000个左右的英语词汇，掌握英语语法的核心内容，能综合运用英语知识和阅读技能理解高年级英语专业难度的书面阅读材料，能用英语写各类体裁的文章。

二、考试形式与试卷结构（一）试卷成绩及考试时间本试卷满分为100分，考试时间为180分钟。

（二）答题方式答题方式为闭卷、笔试。

（三）试卷内容结构各部分内容所占分值为：英语词汇、语法30分英语阅读40分英语写作30分（四）试卷题型结构1、英语词汇、语法题型单项选择选择题15分段落改错题15分2、英语阅读选择题30分简答题10分3、英语写作命题作文30分三、考查目标及范围（一）英语词汇及语法1、考查目标检测学生恰当运用英语语法的能力和运用英语的准确性。

2、考试要求掌握英语语法的核心内容，对英语语法有一个比较系统的了解，应能运用英语语法知识解决英语学习过程中的相关问题。

3、考试形式本部分采用单项选择和段落改错两种题型。

单项选择题一共有15小题，包括词义辨析、语法基础知识等内容；段落改错包括词汇、语法、逻辑等内容。

（二）英语阅读1、考查目标能综合运用英语知识和阅读技能来理解高年级英语专业难度的英语书面阅读材料，能读懂具备各种体裁、题材文章的阅读能力，尤其是推理判断、概括归纳、批评性思考等能力。

能书面分析所读材料的观点意图、语篇结构、语言特点、文体风格及修辞手法等。

阅读理解部分测试学生通过阅读获取有关信息的能力，考核学生掌握相关阅读策略和技巧的程度。

该部分既要求准确性，也要求一定的速度。

阅读速度为每分钟150个单词。

2、考试要求（1）能读懂有一定难度的历史传记和文学作品、英美报刊杂志上的社论和书评等。

2020年-2021年东北大学翻译硕士MTI考研真题及考研参考书

[2]了解价格革命、文艺复兴、宗教运动、启蒙运动、工业革命、帝国主义殖民扩张与民族解放运动、
第一次世界大战、全球经济危机、第二次世界大战、美苏争霸、世界多极化等时期的特点及其代表事件、人物、作品、影响等；
[3]能结合思想政治基础科目的“当代国际政治”内容，了解当代国际社会热点及其影响。这个部分的话，大家可以按照《汉语写作与百科知识》（首都师范大学出版社，2020 年版）或者《汉语写作与百科知识》（天津科技翻译出版社）所汇编的范围来复习足矣。 ■写作： [1]确保英文写作中不出现语法、用法、常识错误；
二、2021 年翻译硕士 MTI 考研复习技巧及名师指导：词汇、翻译技巧、汉百与写作
根据育明教育高级咨询师大印老师（微信 15311220200）近 10 年翻译硕士研究，翻译硕士是比较适合跨专业报考的，对于跨专业的考生来讲，最重要的就是要把握好政治和汉语写作与百科知识，这是拿分点。此外，对于很
多有意向报考翻译硕士的考生来说，尤其是跨专业的考生，在备考过程中应该具备怎样的水平，在考前应该达到什
语完成公文写作、应用文写作及话题作文；掌握议论文写作要领，注重论点、论证、论据三者之间的关系。
百 [3]掌握独立/组合词条式的定义法，能够使用简明、规范、包含符合要求的信息点的语言阐述概念；强
科化逻辑意识，注重卷面书写。
此外，在育明教育教研室的大印老师（V 15311220200）和各个名校教授沟通的过程中发现，他们都比较推荐考生多做真题，包括各个院校的真题，因为真题的水平是比较高的，具有很高的参考和练习价值。借此呢，给考生推荐育明教育教研室主编的《翻译硕士考研真题解析》（首都师范大学出版社，每年更新一次），这套资料，一共三册，含全国近 100 所院校翻译硕士真题，并且提供了参考答案。

翻译硕士专业学位全国联考大纲r.doc

南开大学硕士研究生统一考试
《专业英语》考试大纲
一、考试目的
本考试是英语语言文学专业研究生入学的专业基础测试，旨在考查考生（1）对于英语语言文学专业基础知识、基本理论和基本方法的掌握程度；（2）实际运用专业知识、理论和方法的能力；（3）对经典著作和重要作家作品的熟悉程度。

二、考试内容
本考试主要涵盖英语语言学、英美文学、英汉/汉英翻译及跨文化交际等领域的基础知识、基本理论和基本方法以及上述领域的经典著作和作品。

三、考试基本要求
1，考生须具备较系统扎实的专业基础知识，掌握相关的基本理论和基本的分析方法；熟悉经典著作和重要作家作品；具备从事英语语言文学学术研究的人文和科学素养。

2，考生须具备较强的用英语和汉语从事学术研究的能力。

具备初步的文献分析能力，对语言、文学和文化现象敏感，对本专业所涉及的语言、文学、翻译和文化现象进行恰当的描述和分析。

3，答题规范，语言表述清晰准确，文体得当，书写工整。

四、考试形式
本考试采取客观试题与主观试题相结合的书面闭卷形式。

试题语言为英语。

1。

翻译硕士《翻译硕士英语》考研考试大纲与2021年考研真题

翻译硕士《翻译硕士英语》考研考试大纲与2021年考研真题第1章语法1.1 大纲要求翻译硕士专业学位教育指导委员会在《翻译硕士专业学位研究生指导性培养方案》中指出，MTI教育的目标是培养高层次、应用型、专业性口笔译人才。

MTI教育重视实践环节，强调翻译实践能力的培养。

全日制MTI的招生对象为具有国民教育序列大学本科学历(或本科同等学力)人员，具有良好的双语基础。

根据《翻译硕士专业学位研究生指导性培养方案》，制定翻译硕士专业学位研究生入学考试大纲。

该大纲是各学校自行命题的重要参考依据，对于考生备考有重要的指导意义。

语法部分要求考生能正确运用英语语法、结构、修辞等语言规范知识。

题型一般为多项选择或改错题。

词汇语法一般合在一起考查，总分30分，考试时间为60分钟。

需要注意的是，大纲中并未列出具体需要掌握的修辞手法，复习修辞的时候，只需要掌握大学英语精读教材中经常出现的一些修辞手法，这些手法主要有simile（明喻）、metaphor（隐喻）、allusion（引喻）、metonymy（换喻/转喻）、synecdoche （提喻）、personification（拟人）、onomatopoeia（拟声）、parody（仿拟）、hyperbole（夸张）、irony（反语）、rhetorical question（反问）、repetition （反复）、symbolism（象征）、pun（双关）、sarcasm（讽刺）、ridicule（嘲弄）、euphemism（委婉语）、anti-climax（渐降）、understatement（低调陈述）、parallelism（平行/排比）、antonomasia（换称）、antithesis（对照）、transferred epithet/hypallage（移就）、zeugma（轭式搭配）、alliteration（头韵）、assonance（类韵）、oxymoron（矛盾修辞法）、syllepsis（一语双叙）等。

桂林理工大学211翻译硕士英语2019--2021年考研初试真题

桂林理工大学2021年硕士研究生入学考试试题考试科目代码：211考试科目名称：翻译硕士英语（总分100分，三小时答完）考生注意：请将答题内容直接写在试题纸上Part I Choose the word or phrase that can replace the underlined part in each sentence without changing its original meaning.（每小题0.5分，共10分）1.The Chinese leader publicly advocated the cooperation of all the countries in the world.A.opposedB.supportedC.announcedD.proclaimed2.The baby mice are at their most vulnerable shortly after birth,when they are often attacked by birds of prey.A.defensiveB.well-protectedC.ill-protectedD.offensive3.There were long flames on the sky,which made people speculate on the whereabouts of the fire.A.guessB.discussC.analyzeD.ponder4.The government sees price controls as a way to combat economic depression.A.slow downB.preventC.stopD.fight5.Agriculturalists are attempting to breed a new disease-resistant type of corn.A.produceB.inventC.placeD.nourish6.She confined herself to using the phone only once a day because the phone bill had been too high.A.allowedB.controlledC.restrictedD.restrained7.Someone shouted“fire!”and in the ensuing panic several people were injured.A.previousB.followingC.suddenD.terrible8.They plan to walk to the South Pole,using sledges to haul their supplies as Scott had done.A.carryB.loadC.pullD.send9.It’s unbelievable how quickly bad news gets round,isn’t it?A.spreadB.are inventedC.are relatedD.are distorted10.If you can give a legitimate explanation for your mistake,I won’t blame you.A.detailedB.simpleC.trueD.reasonable11.The duke’s daughter became mute after a shock.A.dumbB.silentC.speechlessD.wordless12.The police officer probed his body from top to bottom,suspecting him of drug trafficking.A.searchedB.exploredC.investigatedD.examined13.Helicopters with searchlights swept the park which was sealed off.A.cleaned with a long-handled brushB.spread quickly throughC.moved across steadily from side to sideD.stretched out in a long,wide,curved shape14.The plane was flying normally for about15minutes before a warning light started blinking.A.opened very quicklyB.happened very quicklyC.turned onD.flashed on and off15.The top half of the door to his office was of frosted glass.A.covered with something like frostB.covered with icingC.roughened and thus not clearD.with the surface covered with frost16.Quite by accident,she came up with a brilliantly simple solution.A.by chanceB.in an accidentC.through an accidentD.through deliberation17.“I’m writing a novel,”the young man declared loftily.A.noblyB.self-importantlyC.ironicallyD.noticeably18.I love listening to Jazz music.I find it very soothing,especially when I’ve had a hard day.A.sweetB.touchingfortingD.soft19.Her resignation will do little to inspire confidence in a company that is already struggling for survival.A.restoreB.motivateC.gainD.give20.He tried hard to suppress his anger and resentment,but finally he lost his temper.A.hold backB.surpassC.disguiseD.hidePart II Fill in the blank in each sentence with an appropriate form of the given word in the parenthesis.（每小题1分，共20分）1.After all he has done for us,it would be very________of us if we didn’t do this for him now.(grateful)2.Although I was quite sure that she has stolen my watch,I could not find any_________.(evident)3.Gerald has__________failed his driving test again.(fortune)4.This necklace is not simply costly;it is________.(value)5.This coat is too short for me.Do you think you could________it a little?(long)6.The hurricane caused terrible_______along the coast.(destroy)7.It is said the100％iron is________.(rust)8.There has been a________interest in the function of the Internet in distance education.(continue)9.This economic recession is a timely_____of the threat that a market economy may face.(remind)10.I have been taught to be very_____about my manners at parties.(care)11._______your child will grow up and lead her own independent life.(event)12.In agriculture,global________has intensified,leading to lower prices for many products.(compete)13.I had a father who continued a tradition of love with a________of spirit.(generous)14.Hollywood suggests________houses with vast palm-fringed swimming pools.(luxury)15.In those days Hollywood was like a magnet,drawing______young men and women from all over the world.(ambition)16.We hardly ever go into London.Whatever we need we can buy______(local)17.When an iron object is heated in a fire,it glows red and______radiation.(emission)18.The cost of the flights,accommodation and car rental is two thousand dollars______.(include)19.With the possible________of another world war,global warming may be the single largest threat to our planet.(except)20.I feel utterly________by his refusal to take any action.(illusion)Part III Explain the underlined part in each sentence in your own words.（每小题1分，共10分）1.Word got around about“those pants of Levi’s”and Strauss was in business._____________2.They draw no distinctions and recognize no classes:there are merely American.____________3.My purpose in writing you is to put your disappointment in perspective by considering exactly what your grade means and doesn’t mean.______________________________4.I hope to show you that your grade,taken at face value,is apt to be quite misleading._________municating in another language involves not only linguistic skills,but the ability to enter into another culture’s mentality.___________6.The door opened and a little girl stood there,peering at me._______________7.Oddly enough,the men whom he flunked did not resent it.___________8.In essence,these gases are trapping excess heat in the Earth’s atmosphere in much the same way that a windshield traps solar energy that enters a car.__________9.We are also advocating policies that will combat global warming over the long term.______________10.Hollywood’s fame and fortune reached its peak in the 1930s and 1940s._____________Part IV Fill in each blank with a word or phrase taken from the box in its appropriate form.(每小题2分，共10分)1.Martin's unpredictable upbringing shaped his whole life,with so many .2.Women tend to their success external causes such as assistance from friends.3.Edward Stuart became a brilliant scholar,but only his health.4.The old man’s face the lines of pressure and exhaustion that have accumulated over the years.5.At the critical moment of presidential election,the candidate urged his supporters to _________.Part V Cloze （每小题1分，共20分）Universities are institutions that teach a wide variety of subjects at advanced levels.They also carry out research work aimed ___1___extending man's knowledge of these subjects.The emphasis given to each of these functions ___2___from university to university,according to the views of the people in ___3___and according to the resources available.The smaller and newer universities do no ___4____the staff or equipment to carry out the___5___research projects possible in larger institutions.___6___most experts agree that some research activity is ___7___to keep the staff and their students in ____8___with the latest developments in their subjects.Most students attend a university mainly to___9____the knowledge needed for their chosen ___10__.Educationists believe that this aim should not be the____11____one.Universities have always aimed to produce men and women ___12___judgment and wisdom as well as knowledge.For this reason,they___13___students to meet others with differing___14___and to read widely to ___15___their understanding in many fields of study.___16___a secondary school course,a student should be interested enough in a subject to enjoy gaining knowledge for its own___17___.He should be prepared to ___18___sacrifices to study his chosen ___19__in depth.He should have an ambition to make some ___20___contribution to man's knowledge.1.A)at B)by C)to D)in2.A)turns B)ranges C)moves D)varies3.A)prospect B)place C)control D)favor4.A)occupy B)possess C)involve D)spare5.A)maximum B)medium C)virtual D)vast6.A)But B)As C)While D)For7.A)natural B)essential C)functional D)optionalattribute…to address oneself to prior to at the expense of brand with hang together ups and downs attach...to8.A)coordination B)accordance C)touch D)grasp9.A)acquire B)accept C)endure D)ensure10.A)procession B)profession C)possession D)preference11.A)typical B)true C)mere D)only12.A)with B)under C)on D)through13.A)prompt B)provoke C)encourage D)anticipate14.A)histories B)expressions C)interests D)curiosities15.A)broaden B)lengthen C)enforce D)specify16.A)Amid B)Over C)After D)Upon17.A)object B)effect C)course D)sake18.A)take B)suffer C)make D)pay19.A)field B)target C)scope D)goal20.A)radical B)meaningful C)truthful D)initialPart VI Writing.(每小题30分，共30分)Directions：Write a composition in250words on the following topic with a clear thesis statement and effective supporting arguments.Academic Study and Extracurricular Activities桂林理工大学2020年硕士研究生入学考试试题考试科目代码：211考试科目名称：翻译硕士英语（总分100分，三小时答完）考生注意：请将答题内容直接写在试题纸上Part I Choose the word or phrase that can replace the underlined part in each sentence without changing its original meaning.（每小题0.5分，共10分）1. I’m awfully sorry to have delayed answering your letter because of pressure of work.A. extendedB. stoppedC. postponedD. changed2. The theatre has been forced to beg for donation in order to keep it running.A.settleB. applyC. lookD. ask3. The fire in the office block was eventually brought under control.A. expectedlyB. finallyC. successfullyD. completely4. Sea snakes inject a poison so strong that it kills a fish instantly.A. effortlesslyB. easilyC. immediatelyD. finally5. When everyone was busy talking I slipped away.A. ran hurriedlyB. fell down on the groundC. left quietlyD. tiptoed6. Marx offered a profound analysis of the economic crisis.A. successfulB. correctC. deepD. final7. He gazed with longing and expectation into the future.A. wonderB. indifferenceC. desireD. curiosity8. The horse relaxed, and the rider slackened the rein.A. tightenedB. untiedC. fastenedD. loosened9. Don’t drag that table across the room, you’ll scratch the floor!A. tearB. pullC. drawD. push10. Mr. Brown is someone all the students look up to.A. missB. respectC. fearD. treat11. Don’t bother your boss with such unimportant matters.A. unworthyB. stupidC. optionalD. petty12. Barack Obama’s victory in the American presidential election was overwhelming.A. importantB. greatC. timelyD. unexpected13. Why are the contents of the next person’s shopping trolley always more alluring than one’s own?A. dissuasiveB. scaryC. attractiveD. constructive14. There is a slight difference in meaning between the two books.A. hugeB. subtleC. moderateD. gigantic15. She gradually perceived that her parents had been right.A. noticedB. knewC. acceptedD. realized16. He hated the war so much that he decided to leave the army for good.A. permanentlyB. for himselfC. for a short whileD. temporarily17. The answer had come to him in a flash.A. afterwardB. very quicklyC. in a glanceD. in a hurry18. The word “Hack” is a term of the technology culture which has come into existence over thepast few decades.A. come into beingB. widely usedC. become rareD. come forward19. The director has confessed himself puzzled by the company’s losses.A. toldB. acknowledgedC. comfortedD. reminded20. It’s downright impossible to finish the task in two days.A. downwardB. possiblyC. completelyD. perfectlyPart II Fill in the blank in each sentence with an appropriate form of the given word in the parenthesis. （每小题1分，共20分）1. This is Jim, my personal _________. (assist)2. Although I was quite sure that she has stolen my wallet, I could not find any__________. (prove)3. Completely exhausted, the soldiers could hardly walk any______. (far)4. Without your _________ he would never have been able to do it. (encourage)5. I haven’t received any pay rise for 3 years; I think all the other ______ have the same experience. (employ)6. The _______ of the money from the cash-box show that somebody in this office is a thief. ( appear)7. When I asked her about where she wanted to hold the meeting, she didn’t express any particular ________(prefer)8. Who can ______me that I’m wrong? (assurance)9. We should work out a global________ to develop our markets. ( strategically)10. After long________, she decided to turn down the job offer. (deliberate)11. She couldn’t stand the _________ and unfriendliness in the office so she decided to resign. ( compete)12. As a typical ______, he never took any noon nap. ( workaholism)13. Everyone among his friends and colleagues knew it _________.(instant)14. He worked himself to death, finally and ________, at 3:00 a.m. Sunday morning. (precise)15. They would depart ________as if leaving the crime scene without calling the police. (reluctance)16. Every house in this area is ________ against fire and theft.(insurance)17. It is _________ that none of them got invitation to the party. ( regret)18. It never _______ to me that he was a two-faced snobbish person. (occurrence)19. The of human species has been a long process. (evolve)20. How often do we__________people on how well they look, or express our appreciation fortheir’ kindness? (complimentary)Part III Explain the underlined part in each sentence in your own words （每小题1分，共10分）1.It’s no wonder that, despite their carefree facade, they are often confused, uncertain and troubled. ___________.2.If our parents didn’t get them for us, we felt our world fall apart. _________3.We slipped away to L.A. to tie the knot. _______4.Given that I’m color-blinded, it’s nearly impossible for me to become a driver. ________5.Conferences and business meetings around the world are held in English, regardless of whether anyone present is a native English speaker. __________6.The door opened and a little girl stood there, peering at me. _________7.In spite of my disease I still drove to and from work each day, with the aid of special equipment installed in my car. _________8.Unfortunately, integrity is in short supply today. _________9.Phil was a Type A, a heart-attack natural. ___________10.It is, in short, an agreeable, easy place to go about one’s business on foot. _______Part IV Fill in each blank with a word or phrase taken from the box. (每小题1分，共10分)1.2.A: Have you heard form Joan?B: No, I got a letter from her - when was it?- Oh, it must have been _____.3.A: Have you read any good books_______?B: Well, I’ve_____ finished the novel borrowed from library.4.Michael left for America in the 1980s. He_____ found a job and got married. It was only ______ that he managed to come back to Europe.5.When my father retires, he will______ move to his country cottage. _______ he will sell his town flat and settle in the country.6.I’ve only seen the mayor________, when he visited the local hospital.7.He’s _______ been working at night.Part V Explain in your own words the following sentences（每小题3分，共30分）1.In the United States we have become so habituated to using the car for everything that it doesn’t occur to us to unfurl our legs and see what those lower limbs can do.________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ 2.He had no outside “extracurricular interests,” unless, of course, you think about a monthly golf game that way.________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ 3.Popularity was not so important: running with the crowd was no longer a law of survival.________________________________________________________________________________ 4.The god of mirth is paying us back for all those years of thinking fun was everywhere by refusing to come to our party.________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ 5.Are all white lies to be avoided at all costs?________________________________________________________________________________ 6.Anything less than a hug may come across as chilliness.________________________________________________________________________________ 7.When you know you are right, you can’t back down.________________________________________________________________________________ 8.Integrity means having a personal standard of morality and ethics that does not sell out to expediency.________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ 9.When young, you are apt to be obsessed with your appearance._______________________________________________________________________________ 10.I realized that I was filled to overflowing with self-pity, selfishness, indifference to the needs of others and thoughtlessness.________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ Part VI Writing. (每小题20分，共20分)Directions：Write a composition in 250 words with a clear thesis statement and effective supporting arguments.The Virtues of Growing Up。

哈尔滨工业大学2021年硕士研究生入学考试大纲英语翻译基础考试大纲

2021年硕士研究生入学考试大纲
考试科目名称：英语翻译基础考试科目代码：[357]
一、考试要求
英语翻译基础是全日制翻译硕士专业学位研究生入学考试的基础课考试科目，其目的是考察考生的汉英互译实践能力是否达到进入MIT学习阶段的水平。

要求考生具备一定中英文化，以及理、工、管、文等学科方面的背景知识；具备扎实的汉英两种语言的基本功；具备较强的英汉/汉英转换能力。

二、考试内容
本考试包括二个部分：词语翻译和篇章翻译。

总分150分。

1.词语翻译
要求考生准确翻译中英文术语、专有名词等（侧重科技领域）。

2.篇章翻译
要求考生具备英汉互译的基本技巧和能力；初步了解中国和目的语国家的社会、文化和科技等背景知识；译文忠实于原文，无明显误译、漏译；译文通顺，用词正确,无明显语法错误；英译汉速度每小时约400词，汉译英速度每小时约300字。

三、试卷结构
本考试包括二个部分：术语汉英互译和篇章汉英互译。

考试时间180分钟；总分150分。

序号题型题量分值时间（分钟）
1术语
翻译
英译汉10个英文术语、缩略语、专有名词2020
汉译英10个中文术语、缩略语、专有名词2020
2篇章
翻译
英译汉一篇文章，约400词5570
汉译英一篇文章，约300字5570
总计150180
四、参考书目
本考试不指定参考书，侧重考察考生本科阶段应具备的外语词汇量、语法知识以及汉英两种语言转换的基本能力。

2021年翻译硕士(MTI)考研专业课考试大纲

全日制翻译硕士专业学位（MTI）研究生入学考试考试总纲总则全国翻译硕士专业学位教育指导委员会在《全日制翻译硕士专业学位研究生指导性培养方案》（见学位办[2009]23号文）中指出，MTI教育的目标是培养高层次、应用型、专业性口笔译人才。

MTI教育重视实践环节，强调翻译实践能力的培养。

全日制MTI的招生对象为具有国民教育序列大学本科学历（或本科同等学力）人员，具有良好的双语基础。

一、考试目的本考试旨在全面考察考生的双语（外语、母语）综合能力及双语翻译能力，招生院校根据考生参加本考试的成绩和《政治理论》的成绩总分（满分共计500分），参考全国统一录取分数线来选择参加复试的考生。

二、考试的性质与范围本考试是全国翻译硕士专业学位研究生的入学资格考试，除全国统考分值100分的第一单元《政治理论》之外，专业考试分为三门，分别是第二单元外国语考试《翻译硕士英语》，第三单元基础课考试《英语翻译基础》以及第四单元专业基础课考试《汉语写作与百科知识》。

《翻译硕士英语》重点考察考生的外语水平，总分100分，《英语翻译基础》重点考察考生的外汉互译专业技能和潜质，总分150分，《汉语写作和百科知识》重点考察考生的现代汉语写作水平和百科知识，总分150分。

（考试科目名称及代码参见教学司[2009]22号文件）三、考试基本要求1. 具有良好的外语基本功，掌握6000个以上的选考外语积极词汇。

2. 具有较好的双语表达和转换能力及潜质。

3. 具备一定的中外文化以及政治、经济、法律等方面的背景知识。

对作为母语（A语言）的现代汉语有较强的写作能力。

四、考试时间与命题每年1月份举行，与全国硕士研究生入学考试同步进行。

由各招生院校MTI 资格考试命题小组根据本考试大纲，分别参照翻译硕士外语考试《翻译硕士英语》、基础课考试《英语翻译基础》及专业基础课考试《汉语写作和百科知识》考试大纲及样题的要求，自主负责命题与实施。

五、考试形式本考试采取客观试题与主观试题相结合，试题在各项试题中的分布见各门“考试内容一览表”。

2021_211翻译硕士英语(试题)

南京航空航天大学2011 年硕士研究生入学考试初试试题（A卷）科目代码: 211满分: 100 分科目名称: 翻译硕士英语注意: ①认真阅读答题纸上的注意事项；②所有答案必须写在答题纸上，写在本试题纸或草稿纸上均无效；③本试题纸须随答题纸一起装入试题袋中交回！I.Vocabulary and Structure (20 points)1.He proved himself a successor to the former Prime Minister.A.worthwhileB. worthinessC. worthyD. worth2.A.moneyB. fareC. feesD. tuition3.Anthony is a very person and never wastes anything.A.miserlyB. thriftyC. economicD. conservative4.He is seriously ill because his girlfriend has just deserted him. Why don’t you try someoccupational to remove his mind from distress?A.operationB. therapyC. injectionD. medicine5.The curtains have because of the strong sunlight.A.fadedB. dulledC. faintedD. weakened6.A.virtualB. exclusiveC. overallD. flexible7.During the races there were two accidents to motor-cyclists including one accident.A.fatalB. killingC. deadlyD. deathly8.We didn’t catch the train on of the traffic congestion.A.basisB. chargeC. accountD. behalf9.I haven’t enough money to buy a car, so I just have to do .A.nothingB. noneC. withoutD. nobody10.The of these islands is still in dispute and the three countries are to have aconference next month to settle the issue.A.sovereigntyB. rightC. authorityD. power11.The government used their emergency powers to the truth about the accident.A.suppressB. manipulateC. controlD. manage12.The ghostly presence was just a (n) sensation of some people.A.objectiveB. subjunctiveC. subjectiveD. objected13.I was unaware of the critical points involved, so my choice was quite .A.artisticB. artificialC. arbitraryD. mechanical14.When she was crossing the road, she was knocked down by a motor-car and lay bythe roadside.A.asleepB. thoughtlessC. unconsciousD. unaware15.The reader is urged to be a leader, rather than a follower; to rely on his own power, rather than to .rmB. conformC. deformD. reform16. it or not, his discovery has created a stir in scientific circles.A.BelieveB. To believeC. BelievingD. Believed17.When I caught him I stopped buying things there and started dealing with another shop.A.cheatingB. cheatC. to cheatD. to be cheating18.You see the lightning it happens, but you hear the thunder later.A.the instantB. for an instantC. on the instantD. in an instant19.A.beingB. isC. to beD. been20.It is reported that adopted children want to know who their natural parents are.A.the mostB. most ofC. mostD. the most ofII.Error Correction (10 points)Direction: This part consists of a short passage. In this passage, there are altogether 10 mistakes, one in each numbered line. Mark out the mistakes and put the corrections in the blanks provided.Americans this year will swallow 15000 tons ofaspirin, one of safest and most effective drugs --21.invented by man. The most popular medicines in the --22.world today, it is an effective pain reliever. Its badeffects are relatively mild, and it is cheap.For millions of people suffered from arthritis, --23.it is the only thing that works. Aspirin, in short, istruly the 20th-century wonder drug. It is also thesecond largest suicide drug and is the leading cause ofpoisoning among children. It has side effects that, if --24.relatively mild, are largely unrecognized between users. --25.Hippocrates, in ancient Greece, understood the medical valueof the leaves and tree bark which today is known to --26.contain salicylates, the chemical in aspirin. during the19th century, there was a great number of experimentation --27.in Europe with this chemical, and it led in the introduction --28.of aspirin. By 1915, aspirin tablets were availablein the United States.A small quantity of aspirin(two five-grain tablets)relieves pain and inflammation. It also reduces down --29.fever by interfering with some of the body's reactions.Specifically, aspirin seems to slow down the formationis not fully understood, and the slowing effect of aspirin --30.is well known.III.Directions: There are four passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and write down your answer on the Answer Sheet.Passage One31.The main idea of this passage is that .[A]employers are checking more closely on applicants now[B][C]college degrees can now be purchased easily[D]employers are no longer interested in college degrees32.According to the passage, "special cases" refers to cases that .[A][B]students never attended a school they listed on their application[C][D]students attended a famous school33.We can infer from the passage that .[A]performance is a better judge of ability than a college degree[B]experience is the best teacher[C]past work histories influence personnel officers more than degrees do[D]34.This passage implies that .[A]buying a false degree is not moral[B]personnel officers only consider applicants from famous schools[C]most people lie on applications because they were dismissed from school[D]society should be greatly responsible for lying on applications35.The word "phony" (Para. 2) means .[A]thorough [B] ultimate [C] false [D] decisivePassage TwoIt is difficult to imagine what life would be like without memory. The meanings of thousands of everyday perceptions, the basis for the decisions we make, and the roots of our habits and skills are to be found in our past experiences, which are brought into the present by memory.Memory can be defined as the capacity to keep information available for later use. It not only includes "remembering" things like arithmetic or historical facts, but also involves any change in the way an animal typically behaves. Memory is involved when a rat gives up eating grain because he has sniffed (嗅出)something suspicious in the grain pile.36.Which of the following is TRUE about memory?[A]It helps us perceive things happening around us every day.[B]It is based on the decisions we made in the past.[C]It is rooted in our past habits and skills.[D]It connects our past experiences with the present.37.According to the passage, memory is helpful in one's life in the following aspects EXCEPT that .[A]it involves a change in one's behavior[B]it keeps information for later use[C]it warns people not to do things repeatedly[D]it enables one to remember events that happened in the past38.[A][B][C][D]39.What is the major characteristic of man's memory capacity according to the author?[A]It can be expanded by language.[B][C]It may keep all the information in the past.[D]It may change what has been stored in it.40.Human beings make themselves different from other animals by .[A]having the ability to perceive danger[B]having a far greater memory capacity[C]having the ability to recognize faces and places on sight[D]having the ability to draw on past experiencesPassage ThreeMost shoplifters (商店扒手)agree that the January sales offer wonderful opportunities for the hard-working thief. With the shops so crowded and the staff so busy, it does not require any extraordinary talent to help you to take one or two little things and escape unnoticed. It is known, in the business, as "hoisting".But the hoisting game is not what it used to be. Even at the height of the sales, shoplifters today never know if they are being watched by one of those evil little balls that hang from the ceilings of so many department stores above the most desirable goods.As if that was not trouble enough for them, they can now be filmed at work and obliged to attend a showing of their performance in court.Selfridges was the first big London store to install closed-circuit videotape equipment to watch its sales floors. In October last year the store won its first court case for shoplifting using a evidence a videotape clearly showing a couple stealing dresses. It was an important test case which encouraged other stores to install similar equipment.When the balls, called sputniks, first make an appearance in shops, it was widely believed that their only function was to frighten shoplifters. Their somewhat ridiculous appearances, the curious holes and red lights going on and off, certainly make the theory believable.It did not take long, however, for serious shoplifters to start showing suitable respect. Soon after the equipment was in operation at Selfridges, store detective Brian Chadwick was sitting in the control room watching a woman secretly putting bottles of perfume into her bag."For a moment she paused, but then she returned to counter and started putting everything back. When she had finished, she opened her bag towards the camera to show it was empty andhurried out of the store."41.January is a good month for shoplifters because .[A]they don't need to wait for staff to serve them[B]they don't need any previous experience as thieves[C]there are so many people in the store[D]January sales offer wonderful opportunities for them42.The sputniks hanging from the ceiling are intended .[A]to watch the most desirable goods[B]to make films that can be used as evidence[C]to frighten shoplifters by their appearance[D]to be used as evidence against shoplifters43.The case last October was important because .[A]the store got the dresses back[B]the equipment was able to frighten shoplifters[C]other shops found out about the equipment[D]the kind of evidence supplied was accepted by court44.The woman stealing perfume .[A]guessed what the sputniks were for[B]was frightened by its shape[C]could see the camera filming her[D]knew that the detective had seen her45.The woman's action before leaving the store shows that she .[A]was sorry for what she had done[B]was afraid she would be arrested[C]d ecided she didn't want what she had picked up[D]wanted to prove she had not intended to steal anythingPassage FourThe English have the reputation of being very different from all other nationalities. It is claimed that living on an island separated from the rest of Europe has much to do with it. Whatever the reasons, it may be fairly stated that the Englishman has developed some attitudes and habits distinguishing him from other nationalities.46.One explanation for the different character of English people is that .[A]they are geographically isolated from the European continent[B]they have nothing to do with the other Europeans[C]they like to keep quiet among their acquaintances[D]they tend to be reserved by nature47.The word "inhibited" (Para. 2) in this passage probably means .[A]unable to have good manners[B]unable to express and relax freely[C]able to act properly[D]able to talk freely48.[A]inquire about the code of behavior in the train[B]shake hands with all the passengers[C]shake hands with the person he knows[D]behave like an Englishman49.[A]the English are modest in most circumstances[B]the English feel no less than any other nationality[C]the English tend to display less emotion than they feel[D]50.What does the passage mainly discuss?[A]The differences between the English and the other Europeans.[B]The different character of the Englishman and its reason.[C]The reasons for English people's shyness.[D]The code of behavior of the nationalities in Europe.Part IV Short Answer Questions (10 points)In Britain, the old Road Traffic Act restricted speeds to 2 m.p.h. (miles per hour) in towns and 4 m.p.h. in the country. Later Parliament increased the speed limit to 14 m.p.h. But by 1903 the development of the car industry had made it necessary to raise the limit to 20 m.p.h. By 1930, however, the law was so widely ignored that speeding restrictions were done away with altogether. For five years motorists were free to drive at whatever speeds they likes. Then in 1935 the Road Traffic Act imposed a 30 m.p.h. speed limit in built-up areas, along with theintroduction of driving tests and pedestrian crossing.The main controversy (争论) surrounding speeding laws is the extent of their safety value. The Ministry of Transport maintains that speed limits reduce accidents. It claims that when the 30 m.p.h. limit was introduced in 1935 there was a fall of 15 percent in fatal accidents. Likewise, when the 40 m.p.h. speed limit was imposed on a number of roads in London in the late fifties, there was a 28 percent reduction in serious accidents. There were also fewer casualties (伤亡) in the year after the 70 m.p.h. motorway limit was imposed in 1966.Questions:51.During which period could British motorists drive without speed limits?52.What measures were adopted in 1935 in addition to the speeding restrictions?53.54.What is the opinion of British authorities concerning speeding laws?55.What reason do Americans give for the reduction in traffic accidents?V. Writing (30 points)。

昆明理工大学2021年[翻译硕士英语]考研真题

昆明理工大学2021年[翻译硕士英语]考研真题Part ⅠVocabulary and Structure(1x30=30 points)In this section, there are thirty incomplete sentences. For each sentence four choices marked A, B, C and D are given. Decide which of the alternatives best completes the sentence. Write the appropriate letter on the ANSWER SHEET.1. Because the cost of living in the United States is very high, ________ students should beadvised to budget their financial resources with great care.A. perspectiveB. prosperousB. C. prospective D. protective2. When total taxes are ________ from personal income, the remainder is called disposable income.A. distractedB. detractedC. contractedD. subtracted3. ________ should we seek temporary economic development at the expense of the environment and resources.A. Under any circumstances notB. Not under a circumstanceC. Under no circumstancesD. No circumstance4. We want our children to have more than job skills; we want their livesto be ________ and their perspectives to be broadened.A. envisagedB. excelledC. exceededD. enriched5. In East field, the conductor of the town’s orchestra is a very ________ citizen, even more renowned than the mayor or the police chief.A. dictatorialB. prominentC. fastidiousD. rebellious6. In the 1860’s, author Leo Tolstoy was________ with his family in the Tula region of Russia; while comfortably established there, he wrote War and Peace.A. ensconcedB. circumscribedC. avowedD. coerced7. He entered the United States in 1988 as a ________ resident because of his marriage to a U.S. citizen.A. perpetualB. migrantC. registeredD. permanent8. Caught ________ guard by the invasion, Soviet leader Joseph Stalin instructed the Russian people to “scorch the earth”in front of the German invaders.A. inB. onC. underD. off9. Just as a reader skims quickly over the individual words on page, so we ________ see a treeexactly and completely with regard to its leaves, branches, color, shape.A. scarcelyB. ironicallyC. logicallyD. legally10. When ________ animals are removed from their wild habitats and kept as pets, the pet owners are likely to incur injuries.A. feralB. vivaciousC. docileD.benign11. All the finished products are stored in a ________ of the delivery port and shipping is available at any time.A. garageB. cabinetC. capsuleD. warehouse12. Arthur made the________ decision to drink plenty of water at the very beginning of the daylong hike, and thus was able to avoid dehydration.A. crepuscularB. irrevocableC. ponderousD. canny13. If you don’t sort out the papers on your desk on a regular basis, they just keep on ________.A. accusingB. accumulatingC. activatingD. depositing14. It was also a highly desirable political end. ________, it gave the English a door into France.A. HoweverB. WhicheverC. WhereasD. Furthermore15. Many novels that attempt to mirror the world are really _______ of the reality that they represent.A. reflectionsB. demonstrationsC. illuminationsD. reproductions16. It is through learning that the individual _______ many habitual ways of reacting to situations.A. retainsB. gainsC. achievesD. acquires17. Generally, it is only when animals are trapped that they ________ to violence in order to escape.A. proceedB. appealC. resortD. incline18. Mary once _______ with another musician to compose a piece of pop music.A. mergedB. collaboratedC. coincidedD. constituted19. During their first teacher training year, the students often visited local schools for the _______ of lessons.A. observationB. investigationC. inspectionD. examination20. A membership card authorizes ________ the club’s facilities for aperiod of 12 months.A. the holder usingB. the holder’s useC. the holder to useD. the holder uses21. Mr. Chang praised the________of Sylvia’s history term paper, commending her for her trenchant analysis as well as her diligence.A. abhorrenceB. effusivenessC. divergenceD. perspicacity22. Though her parents __________ her musical ability, Jerrilou's piano playing is really terrible.A. pour scorn onB. heap praise uponC. give vent toD. cast light upon23. Some children display an __________ curiosity about every new thing they encounter.A. incredibleB. infectiousC. incompatibleD. inaccessible24. Many of the scientists and engineers are judged __________ how great their achievements are.A. in spite ofB. in ways ofC. in favor ofD. in terms of25. The directions were so _______ that it was impossible to complete the assignment.A. ingeniousB. ambitiousC. notoriousD. ambiguous26. Because a degree from a good university is the means to a better job, education is one of the most ________ areas in Japanese life.A. sophisticatedB. competitiveC. considerateD. superficial27. If we _______ our relations with that country, we’ll have to find another supplier of raw materials.A. diffuseB. diminishC. terminateD. preclude28. This is an ideal site for a university ________ it is far from the downtown area.A. provided thatB. now thatC. so thatD. in that29. Although it was his first experience as chairman, he ________ over the meeting with great skill.A. presidedB. administeredC. masteredD. executed30.A most ________ argument about who should go and fetch the bread from the kitchen was going on when I came in.A. trivialB. delicateC. minorD. miniaturePart II Reading Comprehension ( 40 points )Section A: In this section, there are three passages. Each passage is followed by 5 questions or unfinished statements. For each of them four choices marked A, B, C and D are given. You should decide on the BEST choice for each question or unfinished statement and then write the appropriate letter on the ANSWER SHEET. (2x15 =30 points) Questions 1-5 are based on the following passage.Passage 1These days, nobody needs to cook. Families graze on high-cholesterol take-aways and microwaved ready-meals. Cooking is an occasional hobby and a vehicle for celebrity chefs. Which makes it odd that the kitchen has become the heart of the modern house: what the great hall was to the medieval castle, the kitchen is to the 21st-century home. The money spent on kitchens has risen with their status. In America the kitchen market is now worth $170 billion, five times the country’s film industry. In the year to August 2007, IKEA, a Swedish furniture chain, sold over one million kitchens worldwide. The average budget for a “major”kitchen overhaul in 2006, calculates Remodeling magazine, was a staggering $54,000; even a “minor” improvement cost on average $18,000.Exclusivity, more familiar in the world of high fashion, has reached the kitchen: Robinson & Cornish, a British manufacturer of custom-made kitchens, offers a Georgian-style one which would cost￡145,000-155,000—excluding building, plumbing and electrical work. Its big selling point is that nobody else will have it: “You won’t see this kitchen anywhere else in the world.”The elevation of the room that once belonged only to the servants to that of design showcase for the modern family tells the story of a century of social change. Right into the early 20th century, kitchens were smoky, noisy places, generally located underground, or to the back of the house, and as far from living space as possible. That was as it should be: kitchens were for servants, and the aspiring middle classes wanted nothing to do with them.But as the working classes prospered and the servant shortage set in, housekeeping became a matter of interest to the educated classes. One of the pioneers of a radical new way of thinking about the kitchen was Catharine Esther Beecher, sister of Harriet Beecher Stowe. In American Woman’s Home, published in 1869, the Beecher sisters recommended a scientific approach to household management, designed to enhance the efficiency of a woman’s work and promote order.Many contemporary ideas about kitchen design can be traced back to another American, Christine Frederick, who set about enhancing the efficiency of the housewife. Her 1919 work, Household Engineering: Scientific Management in the Home, was based on detailed observation of a housewife’s daily routine. She borrowed the principleof efficiency on the factory floor and applied it to domestic tasks on the kitchen floor.Frederick’s central idea, that “stove, sink and kitchen table must be placed in such a relation that useless steps are avoided entirely”, inspired the first fully fitted kitchen, designed in the 1920s by Margarete Schütter-Lihotsky. It was a modernist triumph, and many elements remain central features of today’s kitchen.1. What does the author say about the kitchen of today?A. It is where housewives display their cooking skills.B. It is regarded as the center of a modern home.C. It has become something odd in a modern house.D. It is where the family entertains important guests.2. Why does the Georgian-style kitchen sell at a very high price?A. No duplicate is to be found in any other place.B. No other manufacturer can produce anything like it.C. It is manufactured by a famous British company.D. It is believed to have tremendous artistic value.3. What does the change in the status of the kitchen reflect?A. Improved living conditions.B. Women’s elevated status.C. Social change.D. Technological progress.4. What was the Beecher sisters’ idea of a kitchen?A. A place to experiment with new ideas.B. A place where high technology could be applied.C. A place of interest to the educated people.D. A place where women could work more efficiently.5. What do we learn about today’s kitchen?A. It represents the rapid technological advance in people’s daily life.B. It has been transformed beyond recognition.C. Many of its central features are no different from those of the 1920s.D. Many of its functions have changed greatly.Questions 6-10 are based on the following passage.Passage 2As a wise man once said, we are all ultimately alone. But an increasing number of Europeans are choosing to be so at an ever earlier age. This isn’t the stuff of gloomy philosophical contemplation, but a fact of Europe's new economic landscape, embraced by sociologists, real-estate developers and ad executives alike. The shift away from family life to solo lifestyle, observes a French sociologist, is part of the “irresistible momentum of individualism”over the last century. The communications revolution, the shift from a business culture of stability to one of mobility and the mass entry of women into the workforce have greatly wreaked havoc on Europeans’ private lives.Europe’s new economic climate has largely fostered the trend towardindependence. The current generation of home-aloners came of age during Europe’s shift from social democracy to the sharper, more individualistic climate of American style capitalism. Raised in an era of privatization and increased consumer choice, today’s tech-savvy workers have embraced a free market in love as well as economics. Modern Europeans are rich enough to afford to live alone, and temperamentally independent enough to want to do so.Once upon a time, people who lived alone tended to be those on either side of marriage-twenty something professionals or widowed senior citizens. While pensioners, particularly elderly women, make up a large proportion of those living alone, the newest crop of singles are high earners in their 30s and 40s who increasingly view living alone as a lifestyle choice. Living alone was conceived to be negative-dark and cold, while being together suggested warmth and light. But then came along the idea of singles. They were young, beautiful, strong! Now, young people want to live alone.The booming economy means people are working harder than ever. And that doesn’t leave much room for relationships. Pimpi Arroyo, a 35-year-old composer who lives alone in a house in Paris, says he hasn’t got time to get lonely because he has too much work. ‘I have deadlines which would make life with someone else fairly difficult.” Only an Ideal Woman would make him change his lifestyle, he says. Kaufmann, author of a recent book called “The Single Woman and9. The author quotes Eppendorf to show that .A. some modern women prefer a life of individual freedomB. the family is no longer the basic unit of society in present-day EuropeC. some professional people have too much work to do to feel lonelyD. most Europeans conceive living a single life as unacceptable10. What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage?A. To review the impact of women becoming high earners.B. To contemplate the philosophy underlying individualism.C. To examine the trend of young people living alone.D) To stress the rebuilding of personal relationships.Questions 11-15 are based on the following passage.Passage 3More and more, the operations of our businesses, governments, and financial institutions are controlled by information that exists only inside computer memories. Anyone clever enough to modify this information for his own purposes can reap substantial rewards. Even worse, a number of people who have done this and been caught at it have managed to get away without punishment.It’s easy for computer crimes to go undetected if no one checks up on what the computer is doing. But even if the crime is detected, the criminal may walk away not only unpunished but with a glowing recommendation from his former employers.Of course, we have no statistics on crimes that go undetected. But it’s disturbing to note how many of the crimes we do know about were detected by accident, not by systematic inspections or other security procedures. The computer criminals who have been caught may been the victims of uncommonly bad luck.For example, a certain keypunch operator complained of having to stay overtime to punch extra cards. Investigation revealed that the extra cards she was being asked to punch were for dishonest transactions. In another case, dissatisfied employees of the thief tipped off the company that was being robbed.Unlike other lawbreakers, who must leave the country, commit suicide, or go to jail, computer criminals sometimes escape punishment, demanding not only that they not be charged but that they be given good recommendations and perhaps other benefits. All too often, their demands have been met.Why? Because company executives are afraid of the bad publicity that would result if the public found out that their computer had been misused. They hesitate at the thought of a criminal boasting in open court of how he juggled the most confidential records right under the noses of the company’s executives, a accountant, and security staff. And so another computer criminal departs with just the recommendations he needs to continue his crimes elsewhere.11. It can be concluded from the passage that ________.A. it is still impossible to detect computer crimes todayB. computer crimes are the most serious problem in the operation of financial institutionsC. computer criminals can escape punishment because they can’t be detectedD. people commit computer crimes at the request their company12. It is implied in the third paragraph that ________.A. many more computer crimes go undetected than are discoveredB. the rapid increase of computer crimes is a troublesome problemC. most computer criminals are smart enough to cover up their crimesD. most computer criminals are smart enough to cover up their bad luck13. Which of the following is mentioned in the passage?A. A strict law against computer crimes must be enforced.B. Companies need to impose restrictions on confidential information.C. Companies will guard against computer crimes to protect their reputation.D. Companies usually hesitate to uncover computer crimes.14. What may happen to computer criminals once they are caught?A. With a bad reputation they can hardly find another job.B. They will be denied access to confidential records.C. They may walk away and easily find another job.D. They must leave the country or go to jail.15. The passage is mainly about ________.A. why computer crimes are difficult to detect by systematic inspectionsB. why computer criminals are often able to escape punishmentC. how computer criminals manage to get good recommendation from their former employersD. why computer crimes can’t be eliminatedSection B: Read the following passage and answer the questions followed. Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (2x5 =10 points)I once knew a dog named Newton who had a unique sense of humour. Whenever I tossed out a Frisbee for him to chase, he’d take off in hot pursuit but then seem to lose track of it. Moving back and forth only a yard of two from the toy, Newton would look all around, even up into the trees. He seemed genuinely puzzled. Finally, I’d give up and head into the field to help him out. But no sooner would I get within 10 ft. Of him than he would run invariably straight over to the Frisbee, grab it and start running like mad, looking over his shoulder with what looked suspiciously like a grin.Just about every pet owner has a story like this and is eager to share it with anyone who will listen. On very short notice, TIME reporters cam up with 25 stories about what each is convinced is the smartest pet in theworld. Among them: the cat who closes the door behind him when he goes into the bathroom; the cat who uses a toilet instead of a litter box... and flushes it afterward; the dog who goes wild when he sees his owner putting on blue jeans instead of a dress because jeans mean it is time to play; and the cat who used to wait patiently at the bus stop every day for a little girl, then walk her the six blocks home. And so on.These behaviors are certainly clever, but what do they mean? Was Newton really deceiving? Can a cat really desire privacy in the toilet? In short, do household pets really have a mental and emotional life? Their owners think so, but until recently, animal-behaviour exports would have gone mad on hearing such a question. The worst sin in the worst sin in their moral vocabulary was anthropomorphism, projecting human traits onto animals. A dog or a cat might behave as if it were angry, lonely, sad, happy or confused, but that was only in the eye of the viewer. What was going on, they insisted was that the dog or cat had been conditioned, through a perhaps unintentional series of punishments and rewards, the behave certain way. The behaviour wasa mechanical result of the training.1. What did Newton seem puzzled about?2. Why does the author say Newton had unique sense of humour?3. What made it possible for the TIME reporters to come up with so many interesting stories about pets?4.What belief about pet behaviour was unacceptable to experts ofanimal behaviour?5. What is the explanation of animal-behaviour experts for the “clever”behaviour of pets?Part III Writing (30 points)Joseph Epstein, a famous American writer, once said “We decide what is important and what is trivial in life. We decide that what makes us significant is either what we do or what we refuse to do. But no matter how indifferent the universe may be to our choices and decisions, these choices and decisions are ours to make. We decide. We choose. And as we decide and choose, so are our lives formed. In the end, forming our own destiny is what ambition is about.”Do you agree or disagree with him?Write an essay entitled:On AmbitionMarks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.Your essay must be no less than 400 words and must be written on the ANSWER SHEET.。