托福听力词汇分类总结
托福听力常考词汇总结
托福听力常考词汇总结托福听力中的词汇常常是考生最为头痛的，托福词汇量太大怎么记?店铺为大家带来托福听力常考词汇总结,本汇总将按照话题对词汇进行分类，便于考生记忆。
托福听力常考词汇关于天文学天文学 astronomyconstellation 星座zodiac (星象学的星座)planet 行星sun 恒星Jupiter 木星Pluto 冥王星Saturn 土星Mercury 水星Mars 火星Venus 金星Neptune 海王星Uranus 天王星Ceres 谷物星(the largest asteroid and thefirst discovered)White dwarf 白矮星Big Dipper 北斗七星Asteroid belt 小行星带Milky Way 银河系Galaxy n.星系orbit v.运行n.轨道rotate v. 转Axis n.轴track n. 轨道outer space外太空gravity n.重力equator n.赤道tropical 热带的brightness n.亮度dimension n.维度distance n. 距离Eclipse (日月食)Wane, diminish v. 逐渐变小Centripetal 向心Centrifugal 离心Nebula 星云(an immense cloud of gas (mainly hydrogen) and dust in interstellar space)Nebulous adj. 星云的Gas 气体 (rock, ice, hydrogen, oxygen) Particle 微粒Polar light 极光Astronomical 天文的Astrophysics 天文物理学Big Dipper 北斗七星Black hole 黑洞Celestial 天体的Celestial map 天体图Centrifugal force 离心力Chondrite 球粒状陨石Chromosphere太阳的色球层Clockwise 顺时针Cluster 星团，一群星星Comet 彗星Cosmos 宇宙,cosmetic宇宙的Cosmology宇宙学Emission 排放物，发射Faint 微弱的Feeble 微弱的Gaseous bodies 气态包Gravitational force 吸引力Greenwich mean time 格林尼治时间High resolution 高清晰度Ignite 引燃Illusive object 幻影物体Image 影响，形象Infinite 无限的Infrared ray 红外射线Interferometer 干扰仪Intergalactic 星系间的International date line 国际日期变更线Interplanetary 星球间的Interstellar星际的Leap year 闰年Light year光年Luminosity光亮度Lunar 阴历的，月亮的Massive 巨大的Meteor 流星Meteor shower 流星雨Meteorite陨石Meteoroid流星体Molten 融化的Naked eye 裸眼Observatory 天文台Photosphere 光球层Planetarium 天文馆Planetoid 小行星Polestar 北极星Pseudoscience 伪科学Quasar 类星体Radiation 辐射Revolution 旋转Rotation 旋转Satellite 卫星Sky atlas 天体图Solar corona 日冕Space debris 太空垃圾Space shuttle 太空飞船Space suit 太空服Spin 快速旋转Star cluster 星群，星团Stellar 星星的Sunspot 太阳黑子Time difference 时差Time zone 时区托福听力常考词汇关于表演艺术表演艺术(舞蹈，电影，音乐 etc.) Genre 艺术分类Performing art 表演艺术modern dance piece现代舞concert 音乐会play剧opera 歌剧film 电影camera 摄影camera shotanalytical 分析的parallel 平行的ballet 芭蕾舞choreographer 舞蹈指导Fine/visual arts 视觉艺术Abstract art抽象艺术landscape风景photography 摄影exposure 曝光develop film 冲洗胶卷negative n. 底片portrait(portray v. )肖像, 人像、still life静物sculpture 雕塑statue 人物雕像lifelike 逼真的vividanthem 国歌Critic 评论家Criticism 批评，评论Review n.评论Masterpiece 杰作Have aesthetic value 有美学价值Aesthetic appeal 美学吸引力Feature 特点Characteristics 特点Distinct adj.与众不同的Unique 独一无二的Style 风格Technique 技巧Gallery n.画馆Edition n.专辑Release v. 发行Debut n.首映Impressionist 印象主义者Impressionism 印象派Perspective 透视法Angle 角度Press/Publishing house出版社Acclaim v. 盛赞mirage 海市蜃楼prolific 多产Preserve v. 保存Extinct adj.灭绝的，消失的托福听力常考词汇关于文学文学Literature 文学Poetry诗歌biography传记autobiography 自传detective stories 侦探小说drama 戏剧novel 小说Novelist 小说家collection of short stories短篇小说集Allegory寓言Comparative literature比较文学Diary 日记Editorial 社论，重要评论Fiction 小说Aestheticism 唯美 Autobiography 自传Descriptive prose 描述散文Fairy tale 童话Futurism 未来派Legend 传说Literary studies 文学研究Narrative prose 叙述性散文Podium 讲台Prose 散文Realism 现实主义School of literature 文学派别Leading character 主要角色Literary criticism 文学评论Literary studies 文学学习Modernism 现代主义Plot 情节Poetry 诗歌Prologue 前言Proverb谚语Surrealism 超现实主义托福听力常考词汇关于美术美术Art gallery艺廊Calligraphy书法Imitating模仿Landscape painting风景画Oil painting油画Paste 粘贴Crayon 蜡笔，粉笔，颜料Pigmentation 颜料Canvas 帆布Wax 蜡Spectrum 光谱Perspective透视画法Poster 海报Portrait 肖像Model 模式，模特mural 壁画Panorama 全景Pastel drawing蜡笔画Sketch草图Autograph手稿。
托福听力 场景词汇总结
托福听力场景词汇总结campus situations和professor（最多）1.谈实习的收获elementray school:小学observation：观察interdisipline：多学科mythology 神话Greek and Roman 希腊的和罗马的Research skills：调查研究技能2.论文，课程作业Climate variation 气候变化Data 数据Expert 专家Research project 研究项目General or casual idea 大致的想法Rule of thumb 凭经验的方法Research journal 研究日记Evolution in thought 想法的进化Meteorological records 气象记录Statistical tests 统计检验Reference section 参考文献Jot down 随便写下Note Pad 笔记本Draft version 草稿Prerequisite 先决条件Term paper 课程论文Dialect 方言Manageable 可操控的Proposal 设计Food-born bacteria 食物上长的细菌Preliminary 初步的Carton board 纸板Flavor 味道Dairy 牛奶场Swamped 忙死了Scope of the assignment 作业的范围Stick to 坚持Tangential 外围的Mid-summer dream 仲夏夜之梦Video collection 录像集Track down 找到Ironic 讽刺的Transient 瞬息万变的3．报名项目Assume 假设Introductory 导论Relief 轻松Main lecture hall 教学主楼Excavate 开掘Barn 谷仓Artifact 手工艺品Button 纽扣Clay pottery 泥质陶Extra credit 额外的分数Tough time 困难Incentive 动力Retirement partyDean 系主任Anthropology 人类学Pitch in 加入V ersatile 多才多艺的Hiring process 招聘过程Qualified applicant 合格的候选者Sample lecture 样板课堂Academic interest 学科兴趣Student representative 学生代表Candidate 候选人Perspective 观点4．小组活动Due 到期Supreme court 最高法庭Municipal land use cases 市政土地使用案例Owning disputes 所有权争议Stress out 压力大Free-rider 搭便车Split up 分割Goof off 打发时间Go down the drain 泡汤Personal liberty 个人自由Start from scratch 重新开始Synthesis 总和Congnitive 认知的Couch 沙发5．课上的内容Strategic marketing 营销策略High end 高端的Aerobics 有氧体操Gallery 画廊Context 背景Monsoon 季风At stake 濒于险境Surrender 放弃6．考试Track meet 径赛Lab project 实验室项目Exmplary 杰出的Cell division 细胞分裂Blank out 空白Fresh in my mind 新鲜Medieval 中世纪Take-home exam 带回去做的考试Speculate 推断两个studentsRegister 选课Contemporary literature 当代文学Seminar 研讨班Junior high 初中Theory class 理论课Till the end of the month 直到月末Thesis 毕业论文Revise 修改Short of credits 学分不够和receptionist at the registrar’s office 1．课被取消了Room assinment sheet 教室分配表格Bulletin board 公告板Cancel 取消Junk mail 垃圾邮件Mailing address 通信地址Administration office 行政办公室Practical 实际的Instructor 指导者Sign up 报班Enroll 注册Physics depatment 物理系Info 信息Time slot 时间空档2.毕业要求Diploma 文凭Intermediate 中等Issue 发布Chairperson 主席，导师Field work 实地考察V erify 证实和counselor/ faculty advisor1.在学校不习惯Overwhelmed 吓到了Culture shock 文化震惊Understatement 低估Keep pace with 跟上Cello 大提琴String quartet 弦乐团四重奏Audition 面试2.工作招聘会Shoot 说Career fair 工作招聘会Flyer and post 传单和海报Accounting firm 会计公司Zillion 庞大的数字3.专业Teacher the year 年度教室Byline 署名Specialize in 专业化District court 地区法庭Resume 简历Prospective 预选的，准。
托福听力核心词汇
托福听力核心词汇一、校园生活类。
1. assignment [əˈsaɪnmənt]（名词）- 释义：任务；作业；分配。
- 例句：The assignment for this week is to write a short essay.2. professor [prəˈfesə(r)]（名词）- 释义：教授。
- 例句：The professor is very strict about the format of the paper.3. seminar [ˈsemɪnɑː(r)]（名词）- 释义：研讨会；研讨班。
- 例句：We have a seminar on modern literature every Friday.4. dormitory [ˈdɔːmətri]（名词）- 释义：宿舍。
- 例句：The dormitory is a bit crowded.5. campus [ˈkæmpəs]（名词）- 释义：校园。
- 例句：There are many beautiful trees on the campus.二、学术类。
1. theory [ˈθɪəri]（名词）- 释义：理论；学说。
- 例句：Einstein's theory of relativity is very famous.2. experiment [ɪkˈsperɪmənt]（名词/动词）- 释义：实验；试验；做实验。
- 例句：They are doing an experiment in the laboratory.3. hypothesis [haɪˈpɒθəsɪs]（名词）- 释义：假设。
- 例句：The hypothesis needs to be tested.4. research [rɪˈsɜːtʃ]（名词/动词）- 释义：研究；调查；做研究。
- 例句：His research focuses on environmental protection.5. analysis [əˈnæləsɪs]（名词）- 释义：分析。
托福听力Lecture 分类词汇完整版
Lecture分类词汇完整版1.生物学antibody抗体toxin毒素immunity免疫immunology免疫学vaccine疫苗fungus真菌bacteria细菌fermentation发酵inflection传染/感染microorganism / microbe微生物virus病毒disfection消毒sterilization灭菌biology生物学marine biology海洋生物学entomology昆虫学ornithology鸟类学microbiology微生物学genetics遗传学speciology物种学parasitology寄生虫学paleontology古生物学paleontologist古生物学家dinosaur恐龙dieout/extinction灭绝mammal哺乳动物carnivore食肉动物rodent啮齿类动物underwater水下的marine海洋的scuba水下呼吸器diving潜水/跳水one-celled organism单细胞有机体tissue（动植物细胞的）组织protective camouflage保护色predator捕猎者oceanicsnail蜗牛animal adaptation动物适应性survival of the fittest适者生存origin of species物种起源wild environment野生环境insecticide杀虫剂prenatal care产后护理habitat 栖息地tentacle触须prey捕食navigate导航tinyreceptor接收器nerve/specimen 物种amphibian两栖类动物decline in the number数量减少gene基因genetic基因的，遗传的endangeredspecies濒危动物survival活着的transition转变/过渡microbe微生物yeast酵母（菌）bacteria细菌single-cell单细胞reptile爬行类动物hatch孵化incubation孵化nest巢offspring子孙chewup咀嚼unfertilizedeggs 未受精卵nutrient营养品nourishment营养品/食物feed喂养cannibalism同类相食respiration呼吸ingestion摄食digestion消化digestive enzyme消化酶cell细胞nucleus细胞核cytoplasm细胞质plasmalemma / cell membrane细胞膜cell wall细胞壁protein蛋白质amino acid核酸plankton浮游生物heredity遗传mutation of species物种变异chromosome染色体genetic engineering遗传工程solitary独居social群居bio-diversity生物多样性metamorphosis变态/变形mutation变种variation变异2.动物学zoology动物学Darwinism达尔文学说natural selection自然选择phylum门class纲order目suborder亚目family科genus属species种invertebrate无脊椎动物vertebrate脊椎动物aquatic life水生动物reptile爬行动物amphibian/amphibiousanimal两栖动物protozoa原生动物rodent啮齿动物ruminant反刍动物parasiticanimal寄生动物primate灵长动物plankton浮游生物mollusk软体动物coelenterate腔肠动物（如水母、海蜇、珊瑚等）herbivore食草动物mammal哺乳动物homotherm恒温动物cold-blooded animal冷血动物poikilotherm变温动物scavenger食腐动物carnivorous食肉的herbivorous食草的omnivorous杂食的bird鸟类camouflage伪装hibernate冬眠；蛰伏regeneration 再生predatory / carnivore食肉的predator捕食者prey捕食hordes/swarms（昆虫等）群flock（牛、羊等）群community动物的群落或人的部落population种群herd兽群hygiene卫生sanitation公共卫生；卫生设施monogamous一夫一妻的/一雌一雄的polygamous一夫多妻的/一雄多雌的polyandrous一妻多夫的/一雌多雄的nomadic游牧的；流浪的trapper诱捕动物者niche小生态环境vestige 退化器fertilizer使受精metabolism新陈代谢breed（名词）品种；（动词）繁殖multiply/reproduce繁殖spawn（鱼、虾、蛙等）孵anatomy解剖学appetite 食欲creature生物scales鳞feathers羽毛armor甲spinal cord脊椎digestivesystem消化系统excretorysystem排泄系统reproductivesystem生殖系统circulatorysystem循环系统respiratory system呼吸系统hormonal system内分泌系统digestive duct消化管esophagus食管stomach胃smallintestine小肠largeintestine大肠anus肛门digestive gland消化腺salivary gland唾液腺liver肝gallbladder胆pancreas胰squirrel松鼠marten貂bat蝙蝠squeak（老鼠等）吱吱otter水獭antelope羚羊gorilla大猩猩chimpanzee黑猩猩baboon狒狒hyena 鬣狗moose驼鹿beaver海狸elk麋鹿reindeer驯鹿giraffe长颈鹿rhinoceros犀牛hippo河马sloth树懒slothful懒惰的frog青蛙tadpole蝌蚪salamander蝾螈scorpion蝎子turtle龟lizard蜥蜴chameleon变色龙caymen / crocodile鳄鱼centipede蜈蚣robin知更鸟owl猫头鹰barnacle北极鹅penguin企鹅canary金丝雀chirp（鸟、虫的叫声）vulture秃鹫crane鹤stork鹳ptarmigan雷鸟migrate迁移plumage羽体camouflage伪装wing翅膀bill（鸟）嘴beak（鹰等的）嘴insect昆虫wasp黄蜂hornet大黄蜂spider蜘蛛pest害虫worm虫/蠕虫cicada蝉mantis螳螂cockroach蟑螂earthworm蚯蚓antenna / tentacle触须larva幼虫3.海洋生物学jellyfish水母nettlefish海蜇coral珊瑚dolphin海豚whale鲸鱼shrimp小虾prawn对虾lobster龙虾crab螃蟹mussel贻贝；蚌类clam蛤蜊oyster牡蛎sponge海绵starfish海星squid鱿鱼；乌贼burro / octopus章鱼sole鳎；鳎目鱼plaice鲽，红斑比目鱼4.植物学botany植物学botanical / botanic植物学的horticulture园艺学aquaticplant 水生植物parasite plant寄生植物root根canopy树冠层/顶棚foliage/leaf叶leaflet小叶rosette（叶的）丛生stem茎stalk杆leafstalk叶柄shoot / sprout嫩芽/抽枝flower花bud花蕾petal花瓣peel / skin果皮shell（硬）果壳husk （干）果壳/（玉米）苞叶trunk树干bark树皮branch树枝bough大或者粗的树枝twig小树枝jungle丛林lawn草坪meadow草地/牧场prairie大草原mosses苔藓shrub / bush灌木cluster一簇（灌木）fern蕨类植物horsetails木贼类植物club mosses石松类植物herb草photosynthesis光合作用chlorophyll叶绿素symbiosis共生symbiotic共生的wither/shrivel/fade凋谢blossom花pollen花粉pollinate传授花粉petal花瓣nectar花蜜tissue组织organ器官system系统seeds种子everlasting永久的crossbreed杂交root pressure根压bore腔/肠cohesion-tension凝聚压力column花柱necrosis坏死barren贫瘠的；不生育的futile无用的carbohydrate (starch)碳水化合物（淀粉）glucose葡萄糖starch淀粉fat脂肪protein蛋白质vitamin维他命malnourished营养不良的nutrition营养perennial多年一生的annual一年一生的verdant绿油油的，嫩绿的，翠绿的evergreen常青树conifertree针叶树larch落叶松pine松树spruce云杉juniper刺柏；杜松sequoia红杉elm榆树walnut核桃树redwood红木树plumblossom梅花orchid兰花chrysanthemum菊花water lily荷花/莲花rhododendron杜鹃花rose玫瑰carnation康乃馨lily百合jasmine茉莉花helianthus/heliotrope/sunflower向日葵camellia茶花corn/maize/mealie玉米pumpkin南瓜tomato番茄lettuce莴苣cabbage卷心菜wheat小麦rye黑麦barley大麦oats燕麦5.气象学meteorology气象meteorologist气象学家meteorologicalstation气象站forecast/predict预报climate气候atmosphere大气层troposphere对流层stratosphere平流层mesosphere中间层ionosphere电离层exosphere逸散层cold front冷锋warmairmass热气团current（气）流moisture潮湿，水气spell某种天气持续一段时间vapor蒸汽evaporate蒸发damp / moist / humid潮湿humidity 湿度moisture潮湿/水分saturate饱和dew露frost霜fog / mist雾smog烟雾droplet小水condense浓缩crystal水晶体sheet（水、冰、雪的）一层downpour / torrential rain大雨tempest (storm) / torrential rain暴风雨drizzle细雨shower阵雨hail冰雹blizzard / snowstorm暴风雪avalanche / snow slide雪崩precipitation （雨、露、雪等）降水thunder雷breeze微风sandstorm沙暴monsoon季风gale大风whirlwind旋风typhoon台风hurricane飓风tornado / twister / cyclone 龙卷风wind scale风级tsunami / seismic sea wave海啸tidal wave潮汐；浪潮upper atmosphere上层大气funnel漏斗云disaster/calamity/catastrophe灾难devastation破坏submerge淹没drought旱灾convection对流wind velocity风速wind direction风向long-rangeforecast长期预报numerical weather prediction数值天气预报nephanalysis云层分析；卫星云图6.地质学crust地壳mantle地幔core地核continental crust大陆地壳oceanic crust海洋地壳layer /stratum地层stratigraphy地层学fault断层faultplane断层面faultzone断层带rift/crack / split断裂disintegration / decomposition分解erosion 腐蚀fossil化石igneous rock火成岩sedimentary rock沉积岩metamorphic rock变质岩limestone石灰岩granite花岗岩marble大理石lithosphere岩石圈magma / molten lava岩浆quartz石英mineral矿物ore矿石deposit矿床rubble碎石debris残骸platinum白金/铂金silver银copper黄铜aluminum铝tin锡lead铅zinc锌nickel镍mercury汞/水银sodium钠gem宝石diamond钻石emerald绿宝石ruby红宝石glacier冰川glacial冰川的glacial epoch / age /period冰川期glacial drift冰渍moraines冰碛iceberg冰山volcano火山activevolcano活火山extinct volcano死火山dormant volcano休眠火山(sloping) shield volcano盾状火山（平缓）(steep-sided)conevolcano锥状火山（陡峭）eruption火山喷发crater火山口caldera（开口较大的）火山口depression洼地，凹陷处；盆地lava火山岩浆volcanic dust火山尘volcanic ash火山灰geyser间歇喷泉hot spring温泉earthquake/quake/tremor/seism地震seismic地震的seismology地震学magnitude震级seismicintensityscale震烈度seismic wave地震波transversewave 横波longitudinalwave纵波epicenter震中epicentral distance震中距aftershock 余震cataclysm灾变tsunami / tidal / force海啸undersea landslide海底山崩melt global warming全球逐渐变暖aquifer蓄水层swamp沼泽peat bog泥炭沼泽Great Canyon大峡谷Nile River尼罗河Colorado river科罗拉多河crumples zones 地质缓冲地带bedrock岩床bulge凸起物7.考古学archaeology考古学paleontology古生物学anthropolog人类学archaeologist 人类学家pale-anthropologist古人类学家ecologicalanthropologist生态人类学家psychologicalanthropologist心理人类学家originate起源于ancestor祖先hominid 人（科）homogeneous同以种族（种类）的tribe部落clan氏族excavation挖掘excavate/unearth挖掘ruins遗迹/废墟remains遗产/遗骸artifact手工艺品relic 遗物/文物antique古物/古董antiquity古代/古老Stone Age石器时代Bronze Age 青铜器时代IronAge铁器时代Paleolithic旧石器时代的Mesolithic中石器时代的Neolithic新石器时代的morphology形态学skull颅骨cranial颅骨的fossil化石ancientcivilization古代文明caveman山顶洞人cultural relics文物rock painting岩画8.地理学hemisphere半球meridian子午线/经线parallel平行圈latitude纬线longitude经线/经度elevation海拔altitude高度/海拔horizon地平线equator赤道temperaturelatitudes温带地区tropics热带地区Arctic / the North Pole北极Antarctic/Antarctica南极theAntarctic Continent南极洲the Antarctic Circle南极圈the Arctic Circle北极圈aurora极光tropics of Cancer北回归线tropics of Capricorn 南回归线international date line国际日期变更线time difference时差time zone 时区topography地形/地形学plain平原plateau/ highland高地lowland低地basin盆地oasis绿洲enclave飞地peak山峰cordillera/ranges山脉carven / cave 洞穴terrain地域subterranean地底下coastland沿海地区coastline海岸线watershed分水岭upper reaches上游lowerreaches下游tributary支流deposit沉积spring / fountain泉水iceberg冰山riverbed河床gulf / bay海湾waterfall瀑布cascade小瀑布；喷流reef暗礁tide湖水torrent水的急流tropical rain forest热带雨林continental island大陆岛volcanic island火山岛coralisland珊瑚岛islet小岛peninsular半岛archipelago群岛delta三角洲landlocked area内陆inland waterway内陆河subcontinent次大陆cliff山崖valley山谷hillside/mountainslope 山坡continentalshelf大陆架canyon / gorge峡谷channel / strait海峡remote-sensing遥感的terrestrial地球的/陆地的terrestrial heat / geothermal地热terrestrial magnetism地磁continental drift大陆漂移学sea-floor spreading海床扩展evaporation蒸发salinity含盐度oceanbottom海床sediment沉积物tropical热带的temperate温带的frigid寒带的frostheaving冻胀现象tundra苔原，冻原fieldstone卵石theMediterraneanSea地中海theprimevalforest原始森林Scandinavia斯堪的纳维亚(半岛)(瑞典、挪威、丹麦、冰岛的泛称)fjord峡湾coral reef珊瑚礁Chalk白垩纪cataclysm大洪水ridge山脊；分水岭abyss深渊territory版图；领土地域Pyrenees比利牛斯山脉Carpathians喀尔巴阡山脉Vesuvius维苏威火山Pompeii庞贝precipice悬崖eon世；纪；代glacier冰河Pangaea盘古大陆dune沙丘Lagoon咸水湖9.天文学astronomy天文学astronomical observatory天文台planetarium天文馆astrophysics天文物理学astrology占星学pseudoscience伪科学cosmos / universe 宇宙cosmology宇宙infinite无限的cosmic宇宙的cosmic radiation宇宙辐射cosmic rays宇宙射线celestial天体的celestial body / heavenly body天体celestial map / sky atlas天体图celestial sphere天球dwarf / dwarf star矮星quasar类星体constellation星座galaxy / Milky Way银河系starcluster星团asterism星群solarsystem太阳系solarcorona日冕solareclipse日食solar radiation太阳辐射planet行星planetoid / asteroid小行星revolve旋转twinkle闪烁naked eye肉眼Mercury水星Venus金星Earth地球Mars火星Jupiter木星Saturn土星Uranus天王星Neptune海王星Pluto冥王星orbit轨道spin旋转satellite卫星lunar月球的meteor流星meteor shower流星雨star恒星meteoroid流星体meteorite陨石comet彗星space / outer space太空，外层空间spacecraft / spaceship宇宙飞船space shuttle航天飞机space telescope空间望远镜astronaut / spaceman宇航员space suit宇航服stellar恒星的intergalactic星系间的interstellar恒星间的interplanetary行星间的asteroid小行星nebula星云space debris太空垃圾ammonia氨photosphere光球；光球层chromospheres色球；色球层日冕层sunspot太阳黑子（发生在光球层）flare耀斑（发生在色球层）solar prominence 日珥（发生在色球层）convection zone对流层vacuum真空infrared ray红外线absolutemagnitude绝对量级emission发射/散发high-resolution高清晰度interferometer干扰仪，干涉仪illusive object幻影体faint微弱的image影像gravitational force吸引力molten融化的leap year闰年rotation自传revolution公转black hole黑洞ultraviolet ray紫外线luminosity光度light year光年10.环保相关ecology生态学ecosystem生态系统balance of nature自然界生态平衡fauna 动物群flora植物群rain forest雨林food chain食物链acidrain酸雨greenhouse 温室效应infrared radiation红外线辐射ozone layer / ozonosphere臭氧层ultraviolet radiation紫外辐射pollution control污染控制air pollution空气控制water pollution水污染noxious / toxic有毒的fumes（有毒的）废气waste废物solidwaste固体废物sewage/wastewater污水sewage purification污水净化swage disposal污水处理decibel（噪音）分贝11.能源相关fossil fuel矿物燃料process of photo synthesis光合作用solar energy太阳能nonrenewable不可再生的energyconservation保护能源resource资源energysource能源资源tidalenergy潮汐能fuel-efficient节能型的rush hour高峰期zero emission零辐射wildness野生/天然preservation保护atmosphere大气carbon碳dioxide二氧化物burningofcoaland oil煤油燃烧global warming全球变暖greenhouse effect温室效应rise in sea level海平面上升long-term climatic change长期的气候变化environmental recycling center再循环利用中心litter/trash garbage垃圾pollutant污染物desertification沙漠化deforest滥伐森林drought干旱water shortage水源缺乏offshore spillage近海岸溢出carbondioxiderelease二氧化碳排放industrial sewage工业污水recycling再循环purify净化deteriorate恶化acid rain酸雨sewage disposal污水处理environmentprotection环境保护ozone layer臭氧层waste disposal废物处理emission（汽车废气的）排放soot烟尘El Niño厄尔尼诺现象12.新技术发明相关13.人类学artist艺术家choreographer舞蹈编排家critic批评家satirist讽刺作家inventor发明家biographer自传作家sculptor雕塑家feminist女权主义者humanitarian人道主义者imagist意象派诗人philanthropist慈善家proprietor业主mortal犯人precursor先驱figurehead名誉领袖disciple学徒apprentice学徒mechanic机械工minimalist简单抽象派艺术家avant-garde前卫派territory领域genre风格/体裁eccentric古怪的odd怪诞的/奇数的erratic奇怪的weird怪异的/不可思议的romantic浪漫的innocent天真的/无罪的lovelorn相思病苦的emotional情绪的/情感的sentimental感伤的/多愁善感的cheerless无精打采的/无生命力的patriarchal家长的/族长的rigid僵化的spare简朴的clumsy笨拙的zigzag曲折的contemporary当代的acclaimed受欢迎的preeminent杰出的versatile（人）多才多艺的/（物）多功能的household家庭的/家喻户晓的genuine真正的authentic逼真的/原汁原味的symbolic象征性的immortal不朽的/神nostalgia怀旧主义/思乡emotive感人的prodigious巨大的classic经典的posthumous死后的14.发展史文学pose散文diary日记autobiography传记editorial社论narrativeprose叙述性descriptiveprose描写性essay随笔poetry诗歌ballad民谣lullaby催眠曲fiction 小说allegory寓言fairy tale童话legend传说proverb谚语model人物原型leadingcharacter主人公main plot主要情节prelude序曲prologue序言epilogue 尾声literarycriticism文学批评literarystudies文学研究schoolsofliterature文学流派comparativeliterature比较文学realism现实主义surrealism超现实主义futurism未来主义modernism现代主义aestheticism唯美主义音乐musical instrument乐器orchestra（管弦）乐队shook rattle摇拨浪鼓pound dru击鼓foot beat跺脚note音符score乐谱movement乐章fanatical狂热的hillbillymusic乡村音乐folkmusic民间音乐popmusic流行音乐classicalmusic古典音乐Jazz爵士乐symphony交响乐rock and roll摇滚乐band music / wind music 管乐string弦乐violin小提琴viola中提琴cello大提琴harp竖琴horn号；喇叭clarinet单簧管oboe双簧管keyboard instrument键盘乐器percussion震荡/打击乐器vocal music声乐concerto协奏曲sonata奏鸣曲serenade小夜曲solo独奏/独唱duet二重唱conducting指挥podium指挥台accompaniment伴奏quality音质volume音量chord和弦harmony和声rest休止time节拍lullaby催眠曲prelude政治经济序曲epilogue尾声subsistence存活，生活subsistence wage刚够养家糊口的工资subsistence level收支平衡的生活水平kinship亲属关系，血缘关系commodity商品check支票；收据；账单bank loan银行贷款interest利息withdraw从银行账户中提款honor (a cheque/bill/draft)承兑a run ona bank挤兑the Great Depression大萧条consumerism消费主义（认为高消费对个人和社会有利的看法）；保护消费者权益主义affluence富裕，富足sophisticated世故的，老练的；复杂的，尖端的建筑architecture建筑学architect建筑学家construct结构wing辐楼/侧楼design 设计elevator电梯skyscraper摩天大楼designelement设计元素logstructure原木结构cabin小木屋beam梁prototype原型building technique建筑工艺new material新材料metal-frame金属结构repairperson修理工planetarium天文馆aquarium水族馆archives档案馆officebuilding写字楼cathedral大教堂mosque 清真寺thestatueofliberty自由女神像thetriumphal arch凯旋门sphinx狮身人面像pyramid金字塔castle城堡美术fine arts美术oil painting油画water color水彩画tempera蛋彩画sketch速写/素描pastel彩色蜡笔画poster海报/招贴画charcoaldrawing木炭画muralpainting/fresco壁画engraving版画lithograph石板画landscape painting风景画still life静物画portrait肖像画caricature漫画pigment颜色，色素canvas油画布brush画笔drawingboard画板perspective透视画法original原作copy临本reproduction / replica复制品genuine真的fake假的gallery美术馆autograph真迹panorama全景画calligraphy书法paste裱糊impressionistic style印象派风格framing装框sculpture雕塑sculptor雕塑家figurine小雕像bust半身雕塑像statue塑像unique唯一的/独特的animator漫画家saxophonist萨克斯风管吹奏者indigo靛蓝purple紫色。
托福听力特定类型高频词汇整理
托福听力特定类型高频词汇整理托福听力特定类型高频词汇整理, 这些方向描述词你能听懂吗?今日我给大家带来了托福听力特定类型高频词汇整理，盼望能够关心到大家，下面我就和大家共享，来观赏一下吧。
托福听力特定类型高频词汇整理这些方向描述词你能听懂吗?托福听力方向描述类高频词汇共享step 台阶wheel chair access 无台阶的/残疾人用aisle 过道intersection/crossroad 十字路口a fork on the road 分叉路口a T road 丁字路口intersection/crossroads/junction/clover-leaf 立交桥wing 配楼/建筑的一部分annex 配楼/建筑的附属建筑basement 地下室/第一层go back/back/back up 向回走go east/west/south/north 向东/南/西/北go on/along…till you meet…沿…始终走，直到…be on sb’s left/right 在某人的左边/右边be far from 距离某处很远be nearby 距离某处很近go straight across/to/through 径直走过/向/过cross (over) 穿过(某条街道)be next to 紧邻turn left/right 左转/右转go up/down 向上(北)/向下(南)be the first/second/third from the left/right 从左/右数第一/二/三个directly opposite 和…相对be located behind/in front of 坐落在…的前面/后面be on the corner of A street and B street 在A和B街交汇的拐角处be in the corner of 在…的角落里ground floor (英)首层托福听力之听语调就能做对听力题?!1.选择疑问句的语调主要有两种：在说话人所说的几个选项中选择时，前面的选择事项用升调，最终一项用降调，中间的连接词如or等用平调。
托福听力分类词汇大全
part 1. 天文类1 astronomy 天文astronomy 天文学astronomical 天文的astronomical observatory 天文台astronomer 天文学家astrophysics 天文物理学astrology 占星学pseudoscience 伪科学cosmos(universe) 宇宙cosmology 宇宙学infinite 无限的cosmic 宇宙的cosmic radiation 宇宙辐射cosmic rays 宇宙射线celestial 天的celestial body (heavenly body) 天体celestial map (sky atlas) 天体图celestial sphere 天球dwarf (dwarf star) 矮星quasar 类星体，类星射电源constellation 星座galaxy (Milky Way) 新河系cluster 星团solar system 太阳系solar corona 日冕solar eclipse 日食solar radiation 太阳辐射planet 行星planetoid (asteroid) 小行星revolve 旋转，绕转twinkle 闪烁naked eye 肉眼Mercury 水星Venus 金星Earth 地球Mars 火星Jupiter 木星Saturn 土星Uranus 天王星Neptune 海王星Pluto 冥王星orbit 轨道spin 旋转satellite 卫星lunar 月球的meteor 流星meteor shower 流星雨meteoroid 流星体meteorite 陨石comet 彗星space (outer space) 太空，外层空间spacecraft (spaceship) 宇宙飞船spaceman ( astronaut) 宇航员，航天员space suit 宇航服，航天服space shuttle 航天飞机space telescope 空间望远镜astronaut 宇航员star 恒星stellar 恒星的intergalactic 星系间的interstellar 恒星间的interplanetary 行星间的asteroid 小行星nebula 星云space debris 太空垃圾ammonia 氨corona 日冕chromosphere 色球photosphere 色球层convection zone 对流层vacuum 真空infrared ray 红外线chondrite 球粒absolute magnitude 绝对量级radiation 辐射emission 发射，散发high-resolution 高清晰度interferometer 干扰仪2 geography 地理geography 地理geographer 地理学家hemisphere 半球meridian 子午线，经线parallel 平行圈，纬线latitude 经度longitude 精度elevation 海拔altitude 高度temperate latitudes 温带地区horizon 地平线equator 赤道tropics 热带地区Arctic 北极Antarctic(Antarctica) 南极expedition 探险time zone 时区topography 地形，地形学plain 平原plateau (highland) 高地lowland 低地basin 盆地cavern (cave) 洞穴terrain 地域subterranean ( underground) 地底下coastland 沿海地区island 岛屿continental island 大陆岛volcanic island 火山岛coral island 珊瑚岛islet 小岛peninsular 半岛continent 大陆continental shelf 大陆架ranges 山脉valley 峡谷canyon 峡谷channel (strait) 海峡remote-sensing 遥感的terrestrial 地球的，陆地的terrestrial heat (geothermal) 地热terrestrial magnetism (geomagnetism) 地磁continental drift 大陆漂移学说sea-floor spreading 海床扩展evaporation 蒸发salinity 含盐度ocean bottom 海床sediment 沉淀物，沉积物tropical 热带的temperate 温带的frigid 寒带的formation 形成frost heaving 冻胀现象fieldstone 卵石3 geology 地质学geologist 地质学家crust 地壳mantle 地幔core 地核continental crust 大陆地壳oceanic crust 海洋地壳layer (stratum,复数strata) 地层plate 板块fault 断层fault plane 断层面fault zone 断层带rift (crack; split) 断裂disintegration (decomposition) 分解erosion 腐蚀fossil 化石igneous rock 火成岩sedimentary rock 沉积岩metamorphic rock 变质岩quartz 石英limestone 石灰岩marble 大理石granite 花岗岩lithogenous 岩成的lithosphere 岩石圈magma 岩浆mineral 矿物ore 矿石deposit 矿床platinum 白金，铂silver 银copper 黄铜aluminum 铝tin 锡lead 铅zinc 锌nickel 镍mercury 汞，水银sodium 钠gem 宝石diamond 钻石emerald 绿宝石ruby 红宝石glacier 冰川glacial 冰川的glacial epoch ( age, period) 冰川期glacial drift 冰渍iceberg 冰山volcano 火山active volcano 活火山extinct volcano 死火山dormant volcano 休眠火山eruption 火山喷发crater 火山口lava 火山岩浆volcanic 火山的volcanic dust 火山尘volcanic ash 火山灰earthquake ( quake; tremor; seism) 地震seismic 地震的seismology 地震学magnitude 震级seismic wave 地震波cataclysm 灾变4 anthropologist 人类学家paleoanthropologist 古人类学家ecological anthropologist 生态人类学家psychological anthropologist 心理人类学家origin 起源originate 起源于ancestor 祖先hominid 人（科）homogeneous 同一种族（种类）的tribe 部落clan 氏族archeologist 考古学家excavation 挖掘excavate (unearth) 挖掘ruins 遗迹，废墟remains 遗迹，遗骸artifact 手工艺品relic 遗物，文物antique 古物，古董antiquity 古代，古老Stone Age 石器时代Bronze Age （青）铜器时代Iron Age 铁器时代Paleolithic 旧石器时代的Mesolithic中石器时代的Neolithic 新石器时代的archaeology 考古学anthropology 人类学morphology 形态学skull 颅骨cranial 颅骨的5 ecology 生态学ecologist 生态学家ecosystem 生态系统balance (of nature) 自然界生态平衡fauna 动物群flora 植物群rain forest 雨林food chain 食物链acid rain 酸雨greenhouse effect 温室效应infrared radiation 红外线辐射ozone layer (ozonosphere) 臭氧层ultraviolet radiation 紫外辐射pollution 污染pollution control 污染控制air pollution 空气污染water pollution 水污染noise pollution 噪音污染soil pollution 土壤污染pollution-free 无污染pollutant 污染物noxious (toxic) 有毒的fumes （有毒）废气waste 废物solid waste 固体垃圾sewage (wastewater) 污水sewage purification 污水净化sewage disposal 污水处理decibel （噪音）分贝6 meteorology 气象meteorology 气象meteorologist 气象学家forecast (predict) 预报climate 气候atmosphere 大气层troposphere 对流层current （气）流vapor 蒸汽evaporate 蒸发damp (wet; moist; humid) 潮湿的humidity 湿度moisture 潮湿；水分saturate 饱和dew 露frost 霜fog (mist) 雾smog 烟雾droplet 小水珠condense 浓缩crystal 水晶体downpour (torrential rain) 大雨tempest (storm) 暴风雨drizzle 细雨shower 阵雨hail 冰雹blizzard (snowstorm) 暴风雪avalanche (snowslide) 雪崩precipitation （雨、露、雪等）降水breeze 微风gale 大风whirlwind 旋风typhoon 台风hurricane 飓风tornado (twister, cyclone) 龙卷风funnel 漏斗，漏斗云disaster (calamity, catastrophe) 灾难devastation 破坏submerge 淹没drought 旱灾7 chemistry 化学chemical property 化学特性，化学性质chemical composition ( makeup ) 化学成分chemical agent 化学试剂chemical reaction 化学反应chemical change 化学变化chemical bond 化学键chemical apparatus 化学器械substance (matter; material) 物质element 元素periodic table 周期表hydrogen 氢oxygen 氧nitrogen 氮helium 氦carbon 碳calcium 钙silicon 硅sulfur 硫iodine 碘compound 化合物hydrocarbon 碳氢化合物derivative 衍生物alchemy 炼金术petroleum (oil) 石油petroleum products 石油产品crude oil 原油refine 提炼，精炼gasoline 汽油methane 甲烷solution 溶液dissolve 溶解solvent 溶剂solubility 可溶性cohesive 聚合力adhesive 粘合力atom 原子nucleus 原子核electron 电子neutron 中子proton 质子molecule 分子particle 粒子ion 离子particle accelerator 粒子加速器catalysis （复数catalyses）催化作用catalyst 催化剂artificial 人造的synthetic 合成的synthetic fiber 人造纤维polymer 聚合物polymerization 聚合作用plastic 塑料dye 染料cosmetics 化妆品8．physics物理physics 物理mechanics 力学thermodynamics 热力学acoustics 声学electromagnetism 电磁学optics 光学dynamics 动力学force 力velocity 速度acceleration 加速度equilibrium 平衡statics 静力学motion 运动inertia 惯性gravitation 引力relativity 相对gravity 地心引力vibration 震动medium (media) 媒质frequency 频率wavelength 波长pitch 音高intensity 强度echo 回声resonance 回声，洪亮sonar 声纳ultrasonics 超声学electricity 电static electricity 静电magnetism 磁性，磁力magnet 磁体electromagnet 电磁magnetic field 磁场electric current 电流direct current (DC) 直流电alternating current (AC) 交流电electric circuit 电路electric charge 电荷electric voltage 电压electric shock 触电electric appliance 电器conductor 导体insulator 绝缘体semiconductor 半导体battery (cell) 电池dry battery 干电池storage battery 蓄电池electronics 电子学electronic 电子的electronic component (part) 电子零件integrated circuit 集成电路chip 集成电器片，集成块electron tube 电子管vacuum tube 真空管transistor 晶体管amplification (名词)放大amplify （动词）放大amplifier 放大器，扬声器oscillation 震荡optical 光（学）的optical fiber 光学纤维lens 透镜，镜片convex 凸透镜concave 凹透镜microscope 显微镜telescope 望远镜magnifier 放大镜spectrum 光谱ultraviolet 紫外线X rays X射线Gamma rays γ射线infrared rays 红外线microwaves 微波dispersion 色散transparent 透明translucent 半透明opaque 不透明的9 mathematics mathematics 数学mathematician 数学家arithmetic 算术calculation 计算calculator 计算器abacus 算盘numeral 数字sum 和total (sum total) 总和，总数aggregate 总计fraction 分数，小数decimal 十进位，（十进）小数digit 数字，数位percentage 百分比addition 加法plus 加上subtraction 减法minus 减去multiplication 乘法multiplication table 乘法表multiply 乘以times乘以power 乘方square 平方division 除法divide 除以algebra 代数quantity 表示量的数（或符号）equation 方程式，等式formula 公式root 根geometry 几何geometric 几何的dimension 维parallel adj. 平行的n. 平行线quadrilateral 四边形square 正方形area 面积rectangle 长方形，矩形polygon 多边形cube 立方形volume 体积sphere 球形circle 圆形ellipse (oval) 椭圆形cone 圆锥形circumference 圆周diameter 直径radius 半径triangle 三角形angle 角degree (角) 度calculus 微积分differential calculus 微分学integral calculus 积分学function 函数probability 概率statistics 统计quantitative 量的，数量的qualitative 质的，质量的deduction (inference) 推论，演绎induction 归纳10 agriculture 农业agriculture (farming) 农业agricultural 农业的land (soil) 土壤；土地soil conservation 土壤保护soil erosion 泥土流失silt 粉砂，泥沙clay 黏土，湿土clod 土块agrarian 土地的，农业的pilot (experimental ) 试验性的harrow( rake) 耙，耙土ridge 田埂furrow 犁沟plot （patch）小块地ranch 农场，牧场plantation 种植园orchard 果园nursery 苗圃seedbed 苗床sickle 镰刀spade 铲，锹shovel (平头) 铲pick 稿tractor 拖拉机cultivate (till) 耕作sow(seed) 播种harvest 收割weed 除草irrigate 灌溉manure(fertilizer) 肥料spray 喷洒（农药）insecticide(pesticide)杀虫剂pest 害虫rust 锈病grain (cereal) 谷物，谷粒granary(grain store) 粮仓mill 碾，磨wheat 小麦corn 玉米rice 大米barley 大麦sorghum 高粱oats燕麦rye 黑麦millet 粟，小米vegetable 蔬菜horticulture 园艺学hydroponics 水栽法，营养液栽培法greenhouse(glasshouse, hotbed) 温室cabbage 洋白菜lettuce 生菜mustard 芥菜spinach 菠菜broccoli 花椰菜cucumber 黄瓜eggplant 茄子pepper 辣椒pumpkin 南瓜tomato 西红柿beet 甜菜carrot 胡萝卜radish 小红萝卜pea 豌豆soybean 大豆celery 芹菜garlic 大蒜leek 韭菜onion 洋葱头potato 土豆peanut 花生sesame 芝麻cotton 棉花husbandry (animal husbandry) 畜牧业pasture 牧场livestock 家畜fowl (poultry) 家禽cattle 牛，家畜buffalo 野牛dairy (dairy cattle) 奶牛dairy farm 乳牛场hay （作饲料用）干草haystack 干草堆fodder (feed) 饲料trough 饲料槽barn(shed) 牲口槽stable 厩，马厩cowshed 牛棚pigpen (hog pen, pigsty) 猪圈sheepfold (sheep pen) 羊栏roost (hen house) 鸡舍fish farm 养鱼场aquaculture 水产养殖11 animal 动物Darvinism 达尔文学说natural selection 自然选择class 纲order 目family 科genus 属suborder 亚目species 种invertebrate 无脊椎动物vertebrate 脊椎动物aquatic( life) 水生动物reptile 爬行动物amphibian (amphibious animal) 两栖动物dinosaur 恐龙bird 鸟类extinction 灭绝mammal 哺乳动物primates 灵长目动物insect 昆虫antenna (复数antennae) 触须tentacle larva 幼虫，幼体camouflage 伪装pest 害虫worm 虫，蠕虫hibernate 冬眠lizard 蜥蜴chameleon 变色蜥蜴regeneration 再生turtle 龟beast 野兽domesticate 驯养predatory (carnivorous ) 食肉的predator 捕食者prey （动词）捕食（名词）被捕食的动物scavenger 食腐动物migrate 迁移wing 翅膀，翼bill （鸟）嘴beak （鹰等的）嘴nest 筑巢dolphin 海豚whale 鲸鱼bat 蝙蝠gorilla 大猩猩chimpanzee 黑猩猩habitat 栖息地rodent 啮齿动物（如松鼠）primate 灵长动物plankton 浮游生物mollusk 软体动物coelenterate 腔肠动物（如珊瑚）shrimp 小虾prawn 对虾lobster 对虾crab 螃蟹clam 蛤蜊sponge 海绵coral 珊瑚starfish 海星canary 金丝雀chirp (鸟，虫的叫声)唧唧squeak （老鼠等）吱吱porpoise 海豚sloth 树懒slothful 懒惰的hygiene 卫生sanitation 卫生parasite 寄生虫moth 蛾caterpillar 毛虫hordes (昆虫等)群swarms (昆虫等)群flock （鸟，羊等）群community 动物的群落或人的部落herd 兽群bunch （花等）束，捧beaver 海狸monogamous 一夫一妻的，一雄一雌的polygamous一夫多妻的，一雄多雌的polyandrous 一妻多夫的，一雌多雄的trapper 诱捕动物者rhinoceros 犀牛niche 小生态环境vestige 退化器官，遗迹fertilizer 使…受精larvae 幼虫tentacle 触角homotherm 恒温动物poikilotherm 变温动物metabolism 新陈代谢baboon 狒狒breed (名词)品种，（动词）繁殖multiply （reproduce）繁殖hatch 孵spawn (鱼、虾、蛙等)孵offspring (young) 解剖学anatomy 解剖学appetite 食欲creature 生物microbe 微生物herbivorous 食草的carnivorous 食肉的omnivorous 杂事的12 plant 植物botany 植物学botanist 植物学家botanical (botanic) 植物的plant 植物aquatic plant 水生植物parasite plant 寄生植物root 根canopy 树冠层，顶棚foliage (leaf) 叶leaflet 小叶rosette (叶的)丛生stem 茎stalk 杆leafstalk 叶柄shoot (sprout ) 嫩芽，抽枝flower 花bud 花蕾petal 花瓣peel(skin) 果皮shell (硬) 果壳husk （干）果壳；（玉米）苞叶trunk树干branch 树枝bough 大或者粗的树枝twig 小树枝bark 树皮jungle 丛林meadow 草地，牧场prairie 大草原shrub (bush) 灌木cluster 一簇（灌木）fern 蕨类植物herb 草photosynthesis 光合作用symbiosis 共生wither (shrivel, fade) 凋谢pollen 花粉pollinate 传授花粉pollination 授粉cell 细胞tissue 组织organ 器官system 系统seeds 种子everlasting 永久的orchid 兰花pollinate 授粉crossbreed 杂交shrub 灌木sequoia 红杉root pressure 根压cohesion-tension 凝聚压力bore 腔，肠column 花柱symbiotic 共生的immunity 免疫organism 生物，有机物necrosis 坏死barren 贫瘠futile 无用的carbohydrate (starch) 碳水化合物（淀粉），糖类glucose 葡萄糖starch 淀粉fat 脂肪protein 蛋白质vitamin 维他命calorie 卡路里（热量单位）malnourished 营养不良的nutrition 营养13 politics 政治constitution 宪法legislation 立法Democrats 民主党Republicans 共和党Amendment 修正案Congress 美国国会Senate 参议院House of Representatives 众议院monarchy 君主制anarchism 无政府主义federal system 联邦制presidential system 总统制municipal 市的，市政的metropolitan 大都市的centralized 中央集权的ideology 意识形态maneuver 擦略tariff 关税immigrant 移民institutionalize 机构化election 选举vote 投票officeholding 任职veto 否决American Revolution 美国革命/独立战争Independence War 美国独立战争American Civil War 美国内战radical 激进的,根本的overturning 颠覆性的independent 独立的breathtaking 激动人心的military 军事的colonize 拓殖，殖民per capita 人均treason 叛国conspiracy 阴谋imprisonment 监禁release 释放pardon 特赦accusation 谴责，指控welfare 福利patronage 资助，赞助unionization 联合，结合14 education 教育educator 教育家higher education 高等教育moral character 道德品质domain 领域faculty 全体教员alumni 校友treasurer 生活委员，财务大臣elective system 选课制度curriculum 课程（总称）discipline 学科，管理learn by rote死记硬背15 music音乐musical instrument 乐器orchestra 乐队string 弦乐wind 管乐shook rattle 摇拨浪鼓pound drum 击鼓footbeat 点脚，跺脚percussion 震荡，打击乐器note 音符score 乐谱movement 乐章fanatical 狂热的hillbilly music 乡村音乐folk music 民间音乐pop music 流行音乐classical music 古典音乐Jazz 爵士乐16 psychology 心理mental 心理的physical 身体的，物质的，物理的spiritual 心灵的conformity 从众majority 多数人minority 少数人threshold judgment （心理学）初始性判断subject 受实验对象17 people 人物artist 艺术家choreographer 舞蹈编排家critic 批评家satirist 讽刺作家inventor 发明家biographer 自传作家sculptor 雕塑家feminist 女权主义者humanitarian 人道主义者imagist 意象派诗人philanthropist 慈善家proprietor 业主mortal 犯人precursor 先驱figurehead 名誉领袖disciple 学徒apprentice 学徒mechanic 机械工minimalist 简单抽象派艺术avant-garde 前卫派territory 领域genre 风格，体裁eccentric 古怪的odd 怪诞的，奇数的erratic 奇怪的weird 怪异的，不可思议的unique 独一无二的romantic 浪漫的innocent 天真的，无罪的lovelorn 相思病苦的emotional 情绪的，情感的sentimental 感伤的，多愁善感的cheerless 无精打采的，无生命力的patriarchal 家长的，族长的rigid 僵化的spare 简朴的clumsy 笨拙的nervous 紧张的zigzag 曲折的contemporary 当代的acclaimed 受欢迎的preeminent 杰出的outstanding 杰出的versatile (人)多才多艺的，（物体）多功能的household 家庭的，家喻户晓的genuine 真正的authentic 逼真的symbolic 象征性的immortal 不朽的，神nostalgia 怀旧主义，思乡emotive 感人的prodigious 巨大的classic 经典的posthumous 死后的。
托福听力常见词汇解析
托福听力常见词汇解析在托福考试中，听力部分一直是众多考生面临的挑战之一。
而要在托福听力中取得好成绩，熟悉常见的词汇是至关重要的。
本文将为大家详细解析一些托福听力中常见的词汇，帮助大家更好地应对考试。
首先，我们来谈谈“学术词汇”。
在托福听力的学术讲座中，这类词汇频繁出现。
比如“phenomenon”（现象），这个词经常用于描述各种自然或社会现象。
再比如“hypothesis”（假设），在科学研究的语境中经常被提及，当教授讨论某个实验的初始想法时，就可能用到这个词。
“experiment”（实验）也是常见的学术词汇，与之相关的还有“control group”（对照组）和“experimental group”（实验组）。
接着是“场景词汇”。
托福听力中会涉及到各种场景，比如校园场景中的“registrar”（注册员）、“curriculum”（课程）、“semester”（学期）等。
在图书馆场景中，“librarian”（图书管理员）、“catalog”（目录）、“reference book”（参考书）等词汇常常出现。
而在宿舍场景中，“dormitory”（宿舍）、“roommate”（室友）、“laundry room”（洗衣房）等是常见的表达。
然后是“逻辑关系词汇”。
这类词汇对于理解听力内容的逻辑结构非常关键。
“however”（然而）表示转折，“therefore”（因此）表示因果关系，“in addition”（此外）用于补充说明。
“on the contrary”（相反）则强调对比。
“形容词和副词”在托福听力中也起着重要的作用。
“frequent”（频繁的）、“occasional”（偶尔的）、“significant”（显著的）等形容词能够帮助我们更准确地理解描述的程度和性质。
“rapidly”（迅速地）、“gradually”（逐渐地）、“constantly”（不断地）等副词则能让我们清楚事件发展的速度和方式。
(完整版)托福听力分类词汇完整版
新托福IBT听力场景入学：enrollment 登记, 注册opening ceremony n.开业典礼, 仪式commencement ceremony 毕业典礼convocation n.正式会议（可指简单的毕业典礼）orientation meeting开学说明会staff n.全体职员freshman （大学）一年级学生sophomore （大学）二年级学生junior （大学）三年级学生senior （大学）四年级学生tuition, fee 费用placement test 开学测试excellent 出色的average 平均的，一般的below average 低于平均水平的，差的结构及称谓:university- president 大学，校长chancellor 名誉校长college 学院school 学院dean 院长principal 中学校长professor 教授associate professor 副教授assistant professor 助理教授coordinator 班主任，协调人counselor 辅导员advisor 指导老师instructor 讲师tutor 个人辅导supervisor 管理人undergraduate 本科graduate 研究生建筑物buildings:canteen.餐厅cafeteria.自助餐厅administration building 行政大楼main building主楼wing/annex 配楼teaching building教学楼dormitory n.宿舍auditorium n.会堂, 礼堂=lecture hall assembly n.集合,集会hallcomputer lab 计算实验室，机房dining hall 食堂选课学科major 主修minor 副修science理科, arts文科, engineering 工科Mathematics 数学physics 物理chemistry 化学biology 生物学geography 地理学electronics 电子学computer science 计算机科学astronomy 天文学electronics engineering 电子工程学botany 植物学psychology 心理学zoology 动物学architecture 建筑学oceanography 海洋学ecology 生态学medical science 医学archaeology 考古学history 历史学linguistics 语言学pedagogies 教育学，教学法anthropology 人类学economics 经济学statistics 统计学accounting 会计学philosophy 哲学类型required、compulsory course 必修课selective/optional course选修课elective course 选修课lecture 讲座seminar 高级研讨性课colloquium n.报告课tutorial 个人辅导课程workshop 专题课程级别Introductory 入门级elementary, fundamental 初级Intermediate, secondary 中级Advanced 高级Prerequisite 先修课程上课：Attend class 上课Miss class 缺课Skip class逃课Syllabus 教学大纲Required textbook 要求的课本Attendance 出勤Grading system 打分体系Class participation 课堂参与杂semester/term 学期quarter小学期course guideline 课程纲要major 主修minor 副修exemption 免修syllabus 教学大纲Professor’s signature 教授的签字（用于注册课程）Course cap课程容量（可以招收的学生数）,openings （可供注册的名额）Take选（课）, drop 退（课）Late registration晚注册Deregistration 注销教师称号professor 教授lecturer = instructor 讲师teaching assistant = TA 助教research assistant = RA 助研counselor, adviser 咨询者，顾问president 大学校长teacher/faculty 教师student's advisor 学生顾问physicist 物理学家mathematician 数学家chemist 化学家historian 历史学家statistician 统计学家作业：assignment 作业homework = coursework = schoolwork = studies 作业lab report 实验报告book report 读书报告project 作业presentation 发言term paper 学期论文（research paper）thesis/essay/dissertation 论文journal 学术期刊social investigation 社会调查survey 调查questionnaire n.调查表, 问卷observation n.观察interview vt.n.采访collect data 收集数据broad (论文等)内容宽泛narrow down (论文等)缩小范围source （写论文的）参考资料critical thinking 评判性思维lack your own ideas缺少自己的想法deadline n.最终期限extension 延期due date/time期限outline n.大纲, 提纲(roadmap) bibliography n书目, 参考书目reference 参考plagiarism n. 抄袭revise v. 修改rewrite v. 重写final draft 完成稿speech n.演讲presentation 演讲，陈述eye contact 目光接触intonation 音调考试：mid-term exam 期中考final exams = finals 期末考cumulative final 总结性考试take-home exam（拿回家的开卷考试，一般有限定的时间）open-book exam 开卷考试subjective test 主观性测试objective test 客观性测试pop quiz 抽查式测验blue book 答题本assessment n估价appraisal n.评价, 估价make up for补考,resit, retake重考grade （mark 、score）分数成绩：perfect grade 优异成绩low grade 低分high mark 高分passing grade 及格分failing grade 不及格分full marks 满分straight A's 全Abe all A's and B's 全是A和BB plus B加A minus A减pass the iexam with flying colors 以优异成绩通过考试graduate with honors 以荣誉毕业diploma, degree, certificate 文凭，学位，证书考试问题：分析成绩低的原因，给出解决办法图书馆：library图书馆librarian图书管理员publication 出版物periodical 期刊magazine 杂志book catalogue 图书目录classified catalogue 分类目录bibliography 参考书目title index 书目索引alphabetic index 按字母顺序排列的索引circulation desk借书处reserved books 馆藏书（只能在图书馆内借阅）library card 借书证overdue fine 过期罚金periodical reading room 期刊阅览室online journal 在线期刊video tape 录像带back issue 过期杂志current issue 近期杂志archive 档案non-fiction 非小说类文学作品science-fiction 科幻小说copier 复印机check out 办理（借、还）手续renew 续借overdue过期interlibrary service 馆际服务部分名称information desk n.服务台delivery/circulation desk借书台shelf n.书架photocopy room复印室return area 还书处students locker 学生存储间reference section 参考书部科研过程HypothesisAlternative hypothesis择一假说Null hypothesis无效假说, 零假说Collect dataSurvey, questionnaireExperimentInterfere, influenceObservationAnalyze dataInterpret dataAnalysisAnalyticalSubjectSampleTreatment groupNon-treatmentControl group校内工作，课外活动及寻找经济援助：Letter of reference/recommendation CompetitiveBenefit future careerField researchCollect data for papersWaiter, waitress，BabysitterWork at the libraryQualification资格, qualified 合格的Resume, CVfinancial aid经济援助Scholarship FellowshipTeaching assistantship 助教奖学金Research assistantship 研究奖学金Grant 助学金Loan 贷款Need-based以需求为基础Merit-based 以优秀为基础Student union 学生会Clubs 俱乐部Membership 成员资格Career service住宿：宿舍：accommodation n.住处, 膳宿residence hall宿舍suite 套间studio 工作室，独立套间village 村落（校内一栋一栋的房子，可以用做宿舍）lounge n.公共大厅（可以用做娱乐）home-stay 在国外住在房东家里的那种roommate同屋者,室友corridor n. 走廊,过道，租房lease n.租借, 租约landlord 房东landlady女房东rent租金tenant 房客patio n.阳台，sliding door n.推拉门single room 单人房twin room 双人房two-bedroom apartmenthouse key 房锁匙床上用品:pillow n.枕头bed linen n. 床上用品sheet n. 被单mattress n.床垫blanket n.毯子towel n.手巾, 毛巾quilt n.棉被电器类electric appliance(instrument; equipment) 电器heater, furnace 加热器，炉子heating unit 暖气片air conditioner 空调设备stove 炉子microwave oven 微波炉washer / dryer 洗衣机/烘干机（laundry 洗衣店）utensil 器皿；用具kitchen utensil 炊具oven 烤箱；烤炉range 煤气灶dishwasher 洗碟机washing machine 洗衣机(hot-water) heater 热水器coffeepot 咖啡壶refrigerator (freezer) 冰箱vacuum cleaner 吸尘器tape player 录音机CD player CD机Laundromat 自动洗衣店maintenance 维修，保养家具类furniture 家具bookshelf 书架bookcase 书柜couch 沙发chest 柜子；橱；箱子dresser (bureau) 梳妆台cabinet (电视机等)机箱；储藏柜；陈列柜cupboard (closet) 碗橱storage wall 壁橱rug 小地毯carpet 地毯curtain 窗帘bathtub 浴缸fixture （房屋）固定装置furnishings 室内陈设日常生活/问题:personalpossessions/property/belongings个人财产get insurance for personal possessions/property/belongsgarbage/rubbish/waste n.垃圾dispose v. 处理gas meter煤气表insect n.昆虫burglar n.夜贼leaking/leakage n. 泄漏lost key丢钥匙break in 闯入讲座场景词汇Geology地质学Slide n. 滑坡Landslide n.山体滑坡Mud泥土, soil土壤Earth n. 土Sink v.下沉Ground water 地下水Irrigation n. 灌溉Freeze, froze, frozen v.冷冻Melt v.融化moltenGravity n.重心Aggravate v.加重Lean v.倾斜Slope n.斜坡Steep adj.陡峭Erode v., erosion n.腐蚀Fossil n.化石Dinosaur n.恐龙Sediment, deposit 沉淀物Marble 大理石granite 花岗岩Ore 矿石Stalactite 钟乳石Refine v. 提炼Platinum v. 铂金Seismology 地震学Vibration, tremor, 震动Wave 波动V olcano, volcanic 火山，火山的V olcanic eruption 火山喷发Magnitude 级数Collision n.碰撞Active adj.积极的Dormant adj.休眠的Extinct adj. 熄灭的Magma n.岩浆Lava n.岩浆Erupt v.喷发explode v.爆炸(explosion)boom n.爆炸Blast n.爆炸Avalanche n.雪崩地球科学Earth’s interior 地球的内部Seismic waves地震波Compression 压缩Shear（a deformation of an object in which parallel planes remain parallel but are shifted in a direction parallel to themselves）Slow down减慢速度Reflect 反射Depth深度Density 密度Boundary边界Mantle地幔Crust地壳Core地心Continental plate 大陆板块Tectonic plate (地球表面的)构造板块Continental drift 大陆漂移Layer, strata 层Stratify 分层Crack 裂缝Molten lava 融化的岩浆Climatic shift=Climatic changes气候变化Consistent pattern 统一的，始终一致的Solar energy太阳能Radiate 发射，放射Crude approximation 大概的猜测Speculation猜测Cooling down冷却Mechanism 机制Length of the dayPhysical force 体力Imaginary line虚拟线Artificial reservoir 人工水库LatitudeRedistribute再分配，再分布Spin 快速旋转Minerals 矿物质Diverse 多样的Specimen，Sample样品Abundant 丰富的Glassy像玻璃的Amazon stones天河石Firing vapor 炙热的水蒸汽Wipe out 根除，彻底消灭Mt Everest 珠穆朗玛峰Elevation 海拔，海拔增高Precise measurement精确的测量Global Positioning System全球定位系统Longitude 经度Latitude 维度Alternative sources of energy 可替代资源Gas hydrate气体水合物Trap 困住Flame 火焰Potential 潜在的Model 模式Geological fault地质断层Crack 裂缝seismic gap地震活动空白地带postulate 假设chunk 大块cylinder 圆柱cylindrical 圆柱形的ground tilt measurement地倾斜观测evacuate 撤出sedimentary adj. 沉淀性的accumulate 积累商业Insurance 保险Note 注意Contract合约Verbal agreement口头协议Repay 偿还Interest 利息Merchant 商人Cautious 谨慎的Paramount 极为重要的Manufacture 制造Label 标签Contention 所持观点Inform 告知Cost成本Profit利润loss损失Net净的，gross粗略的Supply and demand供求Supply chain供应链Fluctuation 浮动Recession 衰退Depression 萧条Marketing strategies市场营销策略Survey 调查Surplus 剩余Shipment 运输Distribution 分布Retail 零售Whole sale 批发Franchise特许经营Budget预算哲学Socrates, Plato and AristotleTheme 主题Logic 逻辑Rhetoric 修辞Fundamental causes 基本原因Principles of the universe 宇宙的原则Perceive 看待，观察Perception 观点Sense 感觉Soul 灵魂spiritElement 组成成分Reasoning 推理Ration理性, rational有理性的Contemplation 沉思，思考Judgment判断Just公正的，justice公正Justify证明, justification 合理的理由Explicit 明确的Ethics道德规范Ethical theory 伦理理论Moral 有道德的Ultimate truth终极真理Universal 普遍的Search for truth 追求真理Vary v.不相同Intrinsic 内部的Extrinsic 外部的Critic 评论家Old-fashioned 过时的Valuable 有价值的Survive 生存，存活Conservative 保守的Liberal 开放的Impractical不实际的Empirical经验主义的Cognitive 认知的Weaken 削弱Diminish （影响力）减小Medieval 中世纪Renaissance 文艺复兴Doctrine教义,主义,学说Idealism 唯心论，理想主义Epistemology n. 认识论Metaphysics形而上学,玄学Reconcile和解,调停天文学astronomyconstellation星座zodiac （星象学的星座）planet 行星sun 恒星Jupiter 木星Pluto 冥王星Saturn 土星Mercury 水星Mars 火星Venus金星Neptune海王星Uranus天王星Ceres 谷物星（the largest asteroid and the first discovered）White dwarf 白矮星Big Dipper 北斗七星Asteroid belt 小行星带Milky Way 银河系Galaxy n.星系orbit v.运行n.轨道rotate v. 转Axis n.轴track n. 轨道outer space外太空gravity n.重力equator n.赤道tropical 热带的brightness n.亮度dimension n.维度distance n. 距离Eclipse (日月食)Wane, diminish v. 逐渐变小Centripetal 向心Centrifugal 离心Nebula 星云(an immense cloud of gas (mainly hydrogen) and dust in interstellar space）Nebulous adj. 星云的Gas 气体(rock, ice, hydrogen, oxygen) Particle 微粒Polar light 极光Astronomical 天文的Astrophysics 天文物理学Big Dipper 北斗七星Black hole 黑洞Celestial天体的Celestial map 天体图Centrifugal force 离心力Chondrite 球粒状陨石Chromosphere太阳的色球层Clockwise 顺时针Cluster 星团，一群星星Comet 彗星Cosmos宇宙,cosmetic宇宙的Cosmology宇宙学Emission 排放物，发射Faint 微弱的Feeble 微弱的Gaseous bodies 气态包Gravitational force 吸引力Greenwich mean time 格林尼治时间High resolution 高清晰度Ignite 引燃Illusive object 幻影物体Image 影响，形象Infinite 无限的Infrared ray 红外射线Interferometer 干扰仪Intergalactic 星系间的International date line 国际日期变更线Interplanetary 星球间的Interstellar星际的Leap year 闰年Light year光年Luminosity光亮度Lunar阴历的，月亮的Massive 巨大的Meteor流星Meteor shower 流星雨Meteorite陨石Meteoroid流星体Molten 融化的Naked eye 裸眼Observatory 天文台Photosphere 光球层Planetarium 天文馆Planetoid 小行星Polestar 北极星Pseudoscience 伪科学Quasar类星体Radiation 辐射Revolution 旋转Rotation 旋转Satellite 卫星Sky atlas天体图Solar corona日冕Space debris 太空垃圾Space shuttle 太空飞船Space suit 太空服Spin 快速旋转Star cluster 星群，星团Stellar 星星的Sunspot 太阳黑子Time difference 时差Time zone 时区表演艺术（舞蹈，电影，音乐etc.）Genre 艺术分类Performing art 表演艺术modern dance piece现代舞concert 音乐会play剧opera歌剧film 电影camera 摄影camera shotanalytical 分析的parallel 平行的ballet芭蕾舞choreographer 舞蹈指导Fine/visual arts 视觉艺术Abstract art抽象艺术landscape风景photography摄影exposure 曝光develop film 冲洗胶卷negative n. 底片portrait(portray v. )肖像, 人像、still life静物sculpture雕塑statue 人物雕像lifelike 逼真的vividanthem国歌Critic 评论家Criticism 批评，评论Review n.评论Masterpiece 杰作Have aesthetic value 有美学价值Aesthetic appeal 美学吸引力Feature 特点Characteristics 特点Distinct adj.与众不同的Unique 独一无二的Style 风格Technique 技巧Gallery n.画馆Edition n.专辑Release v. 发行Debut n.首映Impressionist 印象主义者Impressionism 印象派Perspective 透视法Angle 角度Press/Publishing house出版社Acclaim v. 盛赞mirage海市蜃楼prolific多产Preserve v. 保存Extinct adj.灭绝的，消失的文学Literature 文学Poetry诗歌biography传记autobiography 自传detective stories 侦探小说drama戏剧novel小说Novelist 小说家collection of short stories短篇小说集Allegory寓言Comparative literature比较文学Diary 日记Editorial 社论，重要评论Fiction 小说Aestheticism 唯美Autobiography 自传Descriptive prose 描述散文Fairy tale 童话Futurism 未来派Legend 传说Literary studies 文学研究Narrative prose 叙述性散文Podium 讲台Prose 散文Realism 现实主义School of literature 文学派别Leading character 主要角色Literary criticism 文学评论Literary studies 文学学习Modernism 现代主义Plot 情节Poetry 诗歌Prologue前言Proverb谚语Surrealism 超现实主义美术Art gallery艺廊Calligraphy书法Imitating模仿Landscape painting风景画Oil painting油画Paste粘贴Crayon 蜡笔，粉笔，颜料Pigmentation 颜料Canvas 帆布Wax 蜡Spectrum 光谱Perspective透视画法Poster海报Portrait肖像Model模式，模特mural壁画Panorama全景Pastel drawing蜡笔画Sketch草图Autograph手稿建筑Architecture建筑学Architect建筑师Architectural style建筑风格Art deco 装饰艺术Art moderneGeometric patterns 几何图形Arch 拱门Castle 城堡Cathedral大教堂Framing结构Lobby n. 大厅(entrance hall) Elevator n. 电梯Façade n. 正面Stairs 楼梯Interior 内部的Exterior 外部的Impressionistic style印象派风格Mosque清真寺Pyramid金字塔Revival 复活Renaissance 文艺复兴Medieval中世纪Byzantine architecture 527 (Sofia)-1520音乐Accompaniment 伴奏Audition 试听，试表演Band music 乐队音乐Chord弦乐，弦Classical music古典音乐Concerto 协奏曲Lullaby 催眠曲Duet 二重奏Harmony 和弦，和谐Rock and roll 摇滚Serenade 小夜曲Solo 独奏Sonata 奏鸣曲Symphony 交响乐Ballad歌谣Folk music 民间音乐Prelude 前奏Epilogue 尾声Score 乐谱Note 音符Notation 乐谱，记号法Chord symbol和弦符号Lyrics 歌词Tempo 节奏Melody 主旋律Rhythm节奏Tune 旋律Conduct 指挥Violin 小提琴Viola 中提琴Cello大提琴Oboe双簧管Clarinet单簧管krummhorn['krʌmhɔ:n]n. 变号(一种古双簧乐器)Harp 竖琴考古anthropologist 人类学家ecological 生态的anthropologist 生态人类学家archaeology 考古学anthropology 人类学morphology 形态学Ancient civilization 古代文明origin 起源originate 起源于ancestor 祖先hominid 人（科）homogeneous 同一种族（种类）的tribe 部落clan 氏族archeologist 考古学家excavation 挖掘excavate (unearth) 挖掘Scoop铲子ruins 遗迹，废墟remains 遗迹，遗骸artifact 手工艺品pottery 陶器(potter)Porcelain瓷器fossil 化石relic 遗物，文物Rock painting 岩石画antique 古物，古董antiquity 古代，古老skull 颅骨Cranial颅骨的Stone Age 石器时代Bronze Age （青）铜器时代Iron Age 铁器时代Paleolithic 旧石器时代的Mesolithic 中石器时代的Neolithic 新石器时代的Exhume 挖掘PaleoanthropologyPrehistoric史前的Primitive原始的动物微生物Amino acid 氨基酸Antibody 抗体Bacterium 细菌Biological agencyCalcium钙Carbohydrate 碳水化合物Carbon dioxide 二氧化碳Cell细胞Chromosome 染色体Disinfection 消毒Enzymes 酶Fatigue 疲惫Fermentation 发酵Fungus 菌类Gene基因Genetic engineering 基因工程学Glucose 葡萄糖Immunology免疫学Incubation 孵蛋Inflection传染Malaria 疟疾Microbe 微生物Nucleus 细胞核One-celled单细胞的Oxidation氧化Parasitic animal 寄生动物Parasite disease 寄生虫病Parasitology 寄生虫学Pathogen 病菌，病原体Protozoa 原生动物Sanitation 卫生Schistosomiaisis 血吸虫病Starch 淀粉Sterilization 消毒Toxin 毒素Vaccine 疫苗Virus 病毒Yeast 酵母动物living organism 生物bacterium(pl.bacteria)细菌algae海藻coral珊瑚rodent 啮齿类动物primate 灵长类动物ape 猿chimpanzee n. 黑猩猩gorilla 大猩猩monkey n. 猴子mammal 哺乳类动物dinosaur n.恐龙bat (ecolotion) 蝙蝠（声波定位）snowshoe hare 雪兔子raccoon 浣熊polar bear 北极熊snout (动物的)口鼻部;reptile 爬行类动物snake, cobra眼镜蛇, rattle snake 响尾蛇lizard蜥蜴,snail 蜗牛amphibian adj. 两栖动物crocodile 鳄鱼frog n. 青蛙tadpole 蝌蚪toad 蟾蜍pond 池塘puddle 水坑insect n.昆虫mosquito 蚊子fly 苍蝇cricket 蟋蟀grasshopper 蚱蜢honey beemonarch butterfly 大花蝶large migratory American butterfly having deep orange wings with black and white markings; the larvae feed on milkweed egg 卵larvae 幼虫caterpillar 毛虫pupa/ chrysalis 茧termite n. 白蚁marine adj. 海洋的beaver 狸whale 鲸shark 鲨鱼dolphin 海豚penguin 企鹅predator n. 捕食者prey n. 被捕食者aquatic adj.水生的shrimp 虾lobster 龙虾clam 蚌crab 螃蟹bird, humming birdartery 动脉scale 鳞片claw爪, paw爪子horn 角hormone 荷尔蒙intestine 肠hive 蜂巢pollen n. 花粉pollinate v.授粉hibernate 冬眠migrate v. 迁徙communicate v. 交流camouflage 保护色evolve 进化evolution n. 进化endotherm n.温血动物,恒温动物poikilotherm n. 冷血动物beak 鸟嘴enzymes 酵母secretion(n.) secrete(v.) 分泌pancreas 胰腺odor 气味(还有aroma fragrance scent smell)gland 腺体chromosome 染色体植物botany植物学botanist 植物学家tundra苔原;冻土地带,冻原fungus(pl. fungi ) 菌类laurel 月桂chestnut tree 栗子树root 根branch 枝stem 茎algae(pl. alga) 海藻organism 有机物birch tree (bark) 桦树crops 谷物corn 玉米maize 玉米chlorophyll 叶绿素amino acids 氨基酸protein 蛋白质nitrogen 氮photosynthetic(adj.) photosynthesis(n.) 光合作用lichen 地衣,苔藓squash 南瓜one of a group of large vegetables with solid flesh and hard skins, such as PUMPKIN sbean 豆类植物nectar花蜜flower花floral 花的petal 花瓣bloom 开花blossom 花pollen花粉moss 苔藓herbicide 除草剂herb 草本植物herbivorous 食草的classification 分类hierarchy 级别hazardous 有毒害的Meteorology 气象meteorology 气象meteorologist 气象学家forecast (predict) 预报climate 气候atmosphere 大气层troposphere 对流层Convection 对流Stratosphere 同温层Barometer 气压计current （气）流vapor 蒸汽evaporate 蒸发damp (wet; moist; humid) 潮湿的humidity 湿度moisture 潮湿；水分saturate 饱和absorb 吸收dew 露frost 霜fog (mist) 雾smog 烟雾droplet 小水珠condense 浓缩crystal 水晶体downpour (torrential rain) 大雨tempest (storm) 暴风雨drizzle 细雨shower 阵雨hail 冰雹blizzard (snowstorm) 暴风雪avalanche (snowslide) 雪崩precipitation （雨、露、雪等）降水Thunder 雷Lightening 闪电breeze 微风Blast 大风gale 大风whirlwind 旋风Cyclone 旋风，飓风typhoon 台风hurricane 飓风Monsoon 季风Sandstorm沙尘暴Dust storm沙尘暴tornado (twister, cyclone) 龙卷风Tropical depression热带低气压Wind direction 风向Wind velocity 风速Wind scale 风力funnel 漏斗，漏斗云cumulonimbus 积雨云disaster (calamity, catastrophe) 灾难devastation 破坏submerge 淹没overwhelm v. 淹没drought 干旱Avalanche雪崩Balmy 温和的Chilly寒冷的Frigid僵硬的，严格的Heat-wave热浪Tepid adj.微温的环保environmental protection 环境保护environmentally-friendly 环保的preserve v.保护，保存污染：pollute, pollution, pollutant contaminant n.污染物contaminate v.污染ecosystem生态系统ecology n.生态学antiseptic adj.防腐的atmospheric pollution大气污染垃圾: rubbish, garbage, trash, waste, litter处理: dispose of, burn, bury (landfill), recycle, reduce, reuse,dump回收:glass, paper, water,milk carton牛奶盒, tyre,aluminium cans铝罐,plastic bags, rubbish bags biodegradable packaging可降解包装, throwaway 可丢弃的disposable 可丢弃的discourage v. 不鼓励燃料none-renewable 不可再生的fossil fuels矿石燃料:natural gas, coal, petroleumlimited/finite natural resources 有限的自然资源alternative energy替代能源,replace=substitute v.取代wind power, hydropower水电,solar (lunar) power太阳能,nuclear power核能radioactivity n. 辐射性use up, deplete, exhaust v. 用光，耗尽conserve v. 节省，节约,污染: water pollution, air pollution, soil pollution土壤污染,noise pollutionsoil erosion 土壤侵蚀soil pollution土壤污染stain n.污染，污点，玷污stink v.发出臭味tar n.焦油toxic chemical 有毒的化学物品fume n.烟，气味light pollution日光污染refuse废物sewage污水pesticide n.杀虫剂chemical waste化学废料congest v.使充满危害动物:poaching非法打猎，盗猎,damage natural habitat破坏自然栖息地,rare breed稀有物种,endangered species濒危物种,extinct adj.灭绝(die out, disappear), animal rights activist动物权益保护者, natural reserve(giant panda大熊猫)自然保护区,protect wild life保护野生动物, preserve v.保护disastrous灾难性的, devastation破坏, have disastrous effect on…对。
托福听力分类词汇汇总
托福听力分类词汇汇总向来有“得托福听力者得天下”的说法，而提升托福听力首先需要把分类词汇了解清楚，今天为大家准备了听力分类词汇汇总，童鞋们在备考时可以分主题熟记这些单词哦~数学mathematician 数学家 arithmetic 算术 calculation 计算calculator 计算器 abacus 算盘 numeral 数字 sum 和 total (sum total) 总和，总数aggregate 总计 fraction 分数小数 decimal 十进位，(十进)小数digit 数字，数位 percentage 百分比 deduction (inference) 推论，演绎 induction 归纳物理学statics 静力学 motion 运动 inertia 惯性 gravitation 引力relativity 相对 gravity 地心引力 vibration 震动 medium (media) 媒质 frequency 频率 wavelength 波长 pitch 音高intensity 强度 echo 回声 resonance 回声，洪亮 sonar 声纳ultrasonics 超声学 electricity 电static electricity 静电 magnetism 磁性，磁力 magnet 磁体electromagnet 电磁 magnetic field 磁场 electric current 电流direct current (DC) 直流电 alternating current (AC) 交流电electric circuit 电路 electric charge 电荷 electric voltage 电压 electric shock 触电 electric appliance 电器 conductor导体 insulator 绝缘体 semiconductor 半导体 battery (cell)电池 dry battery 干电池 storage battery 蓄电池 electronics电子学 electronic 电子的 electronic component (part) 电子零件 integrated circuit 集成电路 chip 集成电器片，集成块electron tube 电子管 vacuum tube 真空管 transistor 晶体管amplification (名词)放大 amplify (动词)放大 amplifier 放大器，扬声器 oscillation 震荡 optical 光(学)的 optical fiber 光学纤维 lens 透镜，镜片 convex 凸透镜 concave 凹透镜 microscope 显微镜 telescope 望远镜 magnifier 放大镜 spectrum 光谱ultraviolet 紫外线 X rays X射线Gamma rays γ射线 infrared rays 红外线 microwaves 微波 dispersion 色散 transparent 透明 translucent 半透明 opaque 不透明的化学compound 化合物 hydrocarbon 碳氢化合物 derivative 衍生物alchemy 炼金术 petroleum (oil) 石油 petroleum products 石油产品 crude oil 原油 refine 提炼精炼 gasoline 汽油 methane 甲烷 solution 溶液 dissolve 溶解solvent 溶剂 solubility 可溶性 cohesive 聚合力 adhesive 粘合力 atom 原子 nucleus 原子核 electron 电子 neutron 中子proton 质子molecule 分子 particle 粒子 ion 离子 particle accelerator粒子加速器 catalysis (复数catalyses) 催化作用 catalyst 催化剂 artificial 人造的 synthetic 合成的 synthetic fiber 人造纤维 polymer 聚合物 polymerization 聚合作用plastic 塑料 dye 染料 cosmetics 化妆品 (物理类)physics 物理mechanics 力学 thermodynamics 热力学 acoustics 声学electromagnetism 电磁学 optics 光学 dynamics 动力学 force力 velocity 速度 acceleration 加速度 equilibrium 平衡chemistry chemical property 化学特性，化学性质 chemical composition ( makeup ) 化学成分 chemical agent 化学试剂chemical reaction 化学反应 chemical change 化学变化 chemical bond 化学键 chemical apparatus 化学器械 substance (matter; material) 物质 element 元素 periodic table 周期表 hydrogen 氢 oxygen 氧 nitrogen 氮 helium 氦 carbon 碳 calcium 钙silicon 硅 sulfur 硫 iodine 碘气象学meteorology 气象 meteorologist 气象学家 forecast (predict) 预报 climate 气候 atmosphere 大气层 troposphere 对流层current (气)流 vapor 蒸汽 evaporate 蒸发 damp (wet; moist; humid) 潮湿的 humidity 湿度 moisture 潮湿;水分 saturate 饱和dew 露 frost 霜 fog (mist) 雾 smog 烟雾 droplet 小水珠condense 浓缩 crystal 水晶体 downpour (torrential rain) 大雨tempest (storm) 暴风雨 drizzle 细雨 shower 阵雨 hail 冰雹blizzard (snowstorm) 暴风雪avalanche (snowslide) 雪崩 precipitation (雨、露、雪等)降水breeze 微风 gale 大风 whirlwind 旋风 typhoon 台风 hurricane 飓风 tornado (twister, cyclone) 龙卷风 funnel 漏斗，漏斗云disaster (calamity, catastrophe) 灾难 devastation 破坏submerge 淹没 drought 旱灾天文学astronomy 天文学 astronomical 天文的 astronomical observatory 天文台 astronomer 天文学家 astrophysics 天文物理学 astrology 占星学 pseudoscience 伪科学 cosmos(universe) 宇宙 cosmology 宇宙学 infinite 无限的 cosmic 宇宙的 cosmic radiation 宇宙辐射 cosmic rays 宇宙射线 celestial 天的celestial body (heavenly body) 天体 celestial map (sky atlas) 天体图 celestial sphere 天球dwarf (dwarf star) 矮星 quasar 类星体，类星射电源constellation 星座 galaxy (Milky Way) 新河系 cluster 星团solar system 太阳系 solar corona 日冕 solar eclipse 日食solar radiation 太阳辐射 planet 行星 planetoid (asteroid) 小行星 revolve 旋转，绕转 twinkle 闪烁 naked eye 肉眼 Mercury 水星 Venus 金星 Earth 地球 Mars 火星 Jupiter 木星 Saturn 土星 Uranus 天王星 Neptune 海王星 Pluto 冥王星 orbit 轨道spin 旋转 satellite 卫星 lunar 月球的meteor 流星 meteor shower流星雨 meteoroid 流星体 meteorite 陨石comet 彗星 space (outer space) 太空，外层空间 spacecraft (spaceship) 宇宙飞船 spaceman ( astronaut) 宇航员，航天员space suit 宇航服，航天服 space shuttle 航天飞机 space telescope空间望远镜 astronaut 宇航员 star 恒星 stellar 恒星的 intergalactic 星系间的interstellar 恒星间的 interplanetary 行星间的 asteroid 小行星 nebula 星云 space debris 太空垃圾 ammonia 氨 corona 日冕chromosphere 色球 photosphere 色球层 convection zone 对流层vacuum 真空 infrared ray 红外线 chondrite 球粒 absolute magnitude 绝对量级 radiation 辐射 emission 发射，散发high-resolution 高清晰度 interferometer 干扰仪地质学stratum地层，inner core 内核，outer core 外核，plate 板块，volcanic 火山岩，limestone石灰石，quartzite石英岩，granite 花岗岩，sedimentary rock沉积岩，continent 大陆，continental shelf大陆架, the Northern Hemisphere北半球, Longitude经度, Latitude纬度Meridian 子午线，the North Pole北极，the South Pole南极，the Antarctic Continent南极洲，hillside 山坡，mountain slope山坡，desert沙漠，cliff山崖，Grand Canyon大峡谷，valley山谷，basin盆地，peninsula半岛，coral island珊瑚岛，coastline海岸线，delta三角洲upper reaches上游, lower reaches下游, tributary 支流, deposit 沉积, swamp沼泽spring泉，fountain喷泉，geyser间歇泉，withdraw 后退，versatile 多才多艺的，geology 地理，geography 地质学，calculus 计算，结石，original 最初的，新颖的，account for 导致，earth plate 地球板块，crust 地壳Great lakes 北美五大湖(Superior 苏比尔湖, Huron 休伦湖, Michigan 密西根湖, Erie 伊利湖, Ontario 安大略湖)Lake Baikal 贝加尔湖，Caspian Sea里海，Aral Sea咸海，combine/ split 联合/分裂，Mediterranean 地中海的，glacier 冰川，iceberg 冰山Meteorology气象学，observation观测，hurricane 飓风，typhoon 台风，convection 对流，troposphere 对流层，stratigraphy 地层学, continental crust 大陆地壳, continental drift theory大陆漂移学说, core 地核, mantle 地幔vegetation植被，tropical rain forest 热带雨林，volcano火山，volcano eruption火山爆发，dormant volcano休眠火山，earth quake地震，magnitude地震震级，seismic wave地震波，seismology地震学考古学psychological anthropologist 心理人类学家 origin 起源originate 起源于 ancestor 祖先 hominid 人(科) homogeneous同一种族(种类)的 tribe 部落 clan 氏族 archeologist考古学家 excavation 挖掘 excavate (unearth) 挖掘 ruins 遗迹废墟 remains 遗迹，遗骸 artifact 手工艺品relic 遗物，文物antique 古物，古董 antiquity 古代，古老Stone Age 石器时代 Bronze Age (青)铜器时代 Iron Age 铁器时代Paleolithic 旧石器时代的 Mesolithic 中石器时代的 Neolithic 新石器时代的 archaeology 考古学 anthropology 人类学morphology 形态学 skull 颅骨 cranial 颅骨的生态学ecology 生态学 ecologist 生态学家 ecosystem 生态系统balance (of nature) 自然界生态平衡 fauna 动物群 flora 植物群rain forest 雨林 food chain 食物链acid rain 酸雨 greenhouse effect 温室效应 infrared radiation 红外线辐射 ozone layer (ozonosphere) 臭氧层 ultraviolet radiation 紫外辐射 pollution 污染 pollution control 污染控制 air pollution 空气污染 water pollution 水污染noise pollution 噪音污染 soil pollution 土壤污染pollution-free 无污染 pollutant 污染物 noxious (toxic) 有毒的 fumes (有毒)废气 waste 废物 solid waste 固体垃圾 sewage (wastewater) 污水 sewage purification 污水净化 sewage disposal 污水处理 decibel 分贝。
艺术(文学、摄影、音乐、美术) 托福听力分类词汇
camera lens
相机镜头
tripod
三脚架
dark room
暗室
wide angle lens
广角镜头
long focus lens
长镜头
filter
滤色镜
adventure
冒险
architect
建筑史
architecture
建筑学
artist
艺术家
character
人物、角色
cave
洞穴
艺术（文学、摄影、音乐、美术）
pose
散文
scene
地点、镜头
autobiography
传记
editorial
社论
narrative prose
叙述性
descriptive prose
描写性
essay
随笔
poetry
诗歌
ballad
民谣
lullaby
催眠曲
fiction
小说
allegory
寓言
fairy tale
击鼓
foot beat
跺脚
note
音符
score
乐谱
movement
乐章
fanatical
狂热的
hillbilly music
乡村音乐
folk music
民间音乐
pop music
流行音乐
classical music
古典音乐
Jazz
爵士乐
symphony
交响乐
rock and roll
摇滚乐
band music / wind music
托福听力常见单词大全
托福听力常见单词大全托福听力中的词汇常常是考生最为头痛的，托福词汇量太大怎么记?店铺为大家带来托福听力常见单词大全，本汇总将按照话题对词汇进行分类，便于考生记忆。
托福听力常见单词:关于地质学Geology 地质学Slide n. 滑坡Landslide n.山体滑坡Mud 泥土, soil 土壤Earth n. 土Sink v.下沉Ground water 地下水Irrigation n. 灌溉Freeze, froze, frozen v.冷冻Melt v.融化 moltenGravity n.重心Aggravate v.加重Lean v.倾斜Slope n.斜坡Steep adj.陡峭Erode v., erosion n.腐蚀Fossil n.化石Dinosaur n.恐龙Sediment, deposit 沉淀物Marble 大理石granite 花岗岩Ore 矿石Stalactite 钟乳石Refine v. 提炼Platinum v. 铂金Seismology 地震学Vibration, tremor, 震动Wave 波动Volcano, volcanic 火山，火山的Volcanic eruption 火山喷发Magnitude 级数Collision n.碰撞Active adj.积极的Dormant adj.休眠的Extinct adj. 熄灭的Magma n.岩浆Lava n.岩浆Erupt v.喷发explode v.爆炸 (explosion)boom n.爆炸Blast n.爆炸Avalanche n.雪崩托福听力常见单词:关于地球科学地球科学Earth’s interior 地球的内部Seismic waves地震波Compression 压缩Shear (a deformation of an object in which parallel planes remain parallel but are shifted in a direction parallel to themselves)Slow down 减慢速度Reflect 反射Depth深度Density 密度Boundary边界Mantle 地幔Crust 地壳Core地心Continental plate 大陆板块Tectonic plate (地球表面的)构造板块Continental drift 大陆漂移Layer, strata 层Stratify 分层Crack 裂缝Molten lava 融化的岩浆Climatic shift=Climatic changes气候变化Consistent pattern 统一的，始终一致的Solar energy太阳能Radiate 发射，放射Crude approximation 大概的猜测Speculation猜测Cooling down 冷却Mechanism 机制Length of the dayPhysical force 体力Imaginary line 虚拟线Artificial reservoir 人工水库LatitudeRedistribute再分配，再分布Spin 快速旋转Minerals 矿物质Diverse 多样的Specimen，Sample 样品Abundant 丰富的Glassy像玻璃的Amazon stones天河石Firing vapor 炙热的水蒸汽Wipe out 根除，彻底消灭Mt Everest 珠穆朗玛峰Elevation 海拔，海拔增高Precise measurement 精确的测量Global Positioning System全球定位系统Longitude 经度Latitude 维度Alternative sources of energy 可替代资源Gas hydrate气体水合物Trap 困住Flame 火焰Potential 潜在的Model 模式Geological fault地质断层Crack 裂缝seismic gap地震活动空白地带postulate 假设chunk 大块cylinder 圆柱cylindrical 圆柱形的ground tilt measurement 地倾斜观测evacuate 撤出sedimentary adj. 沉淀性的accumulate 积累托福听力常见单词:关于商业商业Insurance 保险Note 注意Contract 合约Verbal agreement 口头协议Repay 偿还Interest 利息Merchant 商人Cautious 谨慎的Paramount 极为重要的Manufacture 制造Label 标签Contention 所持观点Inform 告知Cost 成本Profit利润 loss损失Net 净的，gross 粗略的Supply and demand 供求Supply chain供应链Fluctuation 浮动Recession 衰退Depression 萧条Marketing strategies市场营销策略Survey 调查Surplus 剩余Shipment 运输Distribution 分布Retail 零售Whole sale 批发Franchise 特许经营Budget 预算托福听力常见单词:关于哲学哲学Socrates, Plato and Aristotle Theme 主题Logic 逻辑Rhetoric 修辞Fundamental causes 基本原因Principles of the universe 宇宙的原则Perceive 看待，观察Perception 观点Sense 感觉Soul 灵魂 spiritElement 组成成分Reasoning 推理Ration理性, rational 有理性的Contemplation 沉思，思考Judgment 判断Just 公正的，justice 公正Justify 证明, justification 合理的理由Explicit 明确的Ethics道德规范Ethical theory 伦理理论Moral 有道德的Ultimate truth终极真理Universal 普遍的Search for truth 追求真理Va ry v.不相同Intrinsic 内部的Extrinsic 外部的Critic 评论家Old-fashioned 过时的Valuable 有价值的Survive 生存，存活Conservative 保守的Liberal 开放的Impractical不实际的Empirical经验主义的Cognitive 认知的Weaken 削弱Diminish (影响力)减小Medieval 中世纪Renaissance 文艺复兴Doctrine 教义,主义,学说Idealism 唯心论，理想主义Epistemology n. 认识论Metaphysics 形而上学,玄学Reconcile和解,调停。
词以类记_托福iBT_听力分类学术词汇_word版
承兑
a run on a bank
挤兑
the Great Depression
大萧条
consumerism
消费主义（认为高消费对个人和社会有利的看法）；保护消费者权益主义
affluence
富裕，富足
sophisticated
世故的，老练的；复杂的，尖端的
变温动物
scavenger
食腐动物
carnivorous
食肉的
herbivorous
食草的
omnivorous
杂食的
bird
鸟类
camouflage
伪装
hibernate
冬眠；蛰伏
regeneration
再生
predatory / carnivore
食肉的
predator
捕食者
prey
捕食
hordes / swarms
教育学
higher education
高等教育
moral character
道德品质
domain
领域
faculty
全体教员
alumni
校友
treasurer
生活委员/财务大臣
elective system
选课制度
curriculum
课程（总称）
discipline
学科/管理
learn by rote
火成岩
sedimentary rock
沉积岩
metamorphic rock
变质岩
Limestone
石灰岩
Granite
花岗岩
托福听力分类词汇完整版
新托福IBT听力场景入学：enrollment 登记, 注册opening ceremony n.开业典礼, 仪式commencement ceremony 毕业典礼convocation n.正式会议（可指简单的毕业典礼）orientation meeting开学说明会staff n.全体职员freshman （大学）一年级学生sophomore （大学）二年级学生junior （大学）三年级学生senior （大学）四年级学生tuition, fee 费用placement test 开学测试excellent 出色的average 平均的，一般的below average 低于平均水平的，差的结构及称谓: university- president 大学，校长chancellor 名誉校长college 学院school 学院dean 院长principal 中学校长professor 教授associate professor 副教授assistant professor 助理教授coordinator 班主任，协调人counselor 辅导员advisor 指导老师instructor 讲师tutor 个人辅导supervisor 管理人undergraduate 本科graduate 研究生建筑物buildings:canteen.餐厅cafeteria.自助餐厅administration building 行政大楼main building主楼wing/annex 配楼teaching building教学楼dormitory n.宿舍auditorium n.会堂, 礼堂=lecture hall assembly n.集合,集会hallcomputer lab 计算实验室，机房dining hall 食堂选课学科major 主修minor 副修science理科, arts文科, engineering 工科Mathematics 数学physics 物理chemistry 化学biology 生物学geography 地理学electronics 电子学computer science 计算机科学astronomy 天文学electronics engineering 电子工程学botany 植物学psychology 心理学zoology 动物学architecture 建筑学oceanography 海洋学ecology 生态学medical science 医学archaeology 考古学history 历史学linguistics 语言学pedagogies 教育学，教学法anthropology 人类学economics 经济学statistics 统计学accounting 会计学philosophy 哲学类型required、compulsory course 必修课selective/optional course选修课elective course 选修课lecture 讲座seminar 高级研讨性课colloquium n.报告课tutorial 个人辅导课程workshop 专题课程级别Introductory 入门级elementary, fundamental 初级Intermediate, secondary 中级Advanced 高级Prerequisite 先修课程上课：Attend class 上课Miss class 缺课Skip class逃课Syllabus 教学大纲Required textbook 要求的课本Attendance 出勤Grading system 打分体系Class participation 课堂参与杂semester/term 学期quarter小学期course guideline 课程纲要major 主修minor 副修exemption 免修syllabus 教学大纲Professor’s signature 教授的签字（用于注册课程）Course cap课程容量（可以招收的学生数）,openings （可供注册的名额）Take选（课）, drop 退（课）Late registration晚注册Deregistration 注销教师称号professor 教授lecturer = instructor 讲师teaching assistant = TA 助教research assistant = RA 助研counselor, adviser 咨询者，顾问president 大学校长teacher/faculty 教师student's advisor 学生顾问physicist 物理学家mathematician 数学家chemist 化学家historian 历史学家statistician 统计学家作业：assignment 作业homework = coursework = schoolwork = studies 作业lab report 实验报告book report 读书报告project 作业presentation 发言term paper 学期论文（research paper）thesis/essay/dissertation 论文journal 学术期刊social investigation 社会调查survey 调查questionnaire n.调查表, 问卷observation n.观察interview vt.n.采访collect data 收集数据broad (论文等)内容宽泛narrow down (论文等)缩小范围source （写论文的）参考资料critical thinking 评判性思维lack your own ideas缺少自己的想法deadline n.最终期限extension 延期due date/time期限outline n.大纲, 提纲(roadmap) bibliography n书目, 参考书目reference 参考plagiarism n. 抄袭revise v. 修改rewrite v. 重写final draft 完成稿speech n.演讲presentation 演讲，陈述eye contact 目光接触intonation 音调考试：mid-term exam 期中考final exams = finals 期末考cumulative final 总结性考试take-home exam（拿回家的开卷考试，一般有限定的时间）open-book exam 开卷考试subjective test 主观性测试objective test 客观性测试pop quiz 抽查式测验blue book 答题本assessment n估价appraisal n.评价, 估价make up for补考,resit, retake重考grade （mark 、score）分数成绩：perfect grade 优异成绩low grade 低分high mark 高分passing grade 及格分failing grade 不及格分full marks 满分straight A's 全Abe all A's and B's 全是A和BB plus B加A minus A减pass the iexam with flying colors 以优异成绩通过考试graduate with honors 以荣誉毕业diploma, degree, certificate 文凭，学位，证书考试问题：分析成绩低的原因，给出解决办法图书馆：library图书馆librarian图书管理员publication 出版物periodical 期刊magazine 杂志book catalogue 图书目录classified catalogue 分类目录bibliography 参考书目title index 书目索引alphabetic index 按字母顺序排列的索引circulation desk借书处reserved books 馆藏书（只能在图书馆内借阅）library card 借书证overdue fine 过期罚金periodical reading room 期刊阅览室online journal 在线期刊video tape 录像带back issue 过期杂志current issue 近期杂志archive 档案non-fiction 非小说类文学作品science-fiction 科幻小说copier 复印机check out 办理（借、还）手续renew 续借overdue过期interlibrary service 馆际服务部分名称information desk n.服务台delivery/circulation desk借书台shelf n.书架photocopy room复印室return area 还书处students locker 学生存储间reference section 参考书部科研过程HypothesisAlternative hypothesis择一假说Null hypothesis无效假说, 零假说Collect dataSurvey, questionnaire ExperimentInterfere, influence ObservationAnalyze dataInterpret dataAnalysisAnalyticalSubjectSampleTreatment groupNon-treatmentControl group校内工作，课外活动及寻找经济援助：Letter of reference/recommendation CompetitiveBenefit future careerField researchCollect data for papersWaiter, waitress，BabysitterWork at the library Qualification资格, qualified 合格的Resume, CVfinancial aid经济援助Scholarship Fellowship Teaching assistantship 助教奖学金Research assistantship 研究奖学金Grant 助学金Loan 贷款Need-based以需求为基础Merit-based 以优秀为基础Student union 学生会Clubs 俱乐部Membership 成员资格Career service住宿：宿舍：accommodation n.住处, 膳宿residence hall宿舍suite 套间studio 工作室，独立套间village 村落（校内一栋一栋的房子，可以用做宿舍）lounge n.公共大厅（可以用做娱乐）home-stay 在国外住在房东家里的那种roommate同屋者,室友corridor n. 走廊,过道，租房lease n.租借, 租约landlord 房东landlady女房东rent租金tenant 房客patio n.阳台，sliding door n.推拉门single room 单人房twin room 双人房two-bedroom apartmenthouse key 房锁匙床上用品:pillow n.枕头bed linen n. 床上用品sheet n. 被单mattress n.床垫blanket n.毯子towel n.手巾, 毛巾quilt n.棉被电器类electric appliance(instrument; equipment) 电器heater, furnace 加热器，炉子heating unit 暖气片air conditioner 空调设备stove 炉子microwave oven 微波炉washer / dryer 洗衣机/烘干机（laundry 洗衣店）utensil 器皿；用具kitchen utensil 炊具oven 烤箱；烤炉range 煤气灶dishwasher 洗碟机washing machine 洗衣机(hot-water) heater 热水器coffeepot 咖啡壶refrigerator (freezer) 冰箱vacuum cleaner 吸尘器tape player 录音机CD player CD机Laundromat 自动洗衣店maintenance 维修，保养家具类furniture 家具bookshelf 书架bookcase 书柜couch 沙发chest 柜子；橱；箱子dresser (bureau) 梳妆台cabinet (电视机等)机箱；储藏柜；陈列柜cupboard (closet) 碗橱storage wall 壁橱rug 小地毯carpet 地毯curtain 窗帘bathtub 浴缸fixture （房屋）固定装置furnishings 室内陈设日常生活/问题:personalpossessions/property/belongings个人财产get insurance for personal possessions/property/belongs garbage/rubbish/waste n.垃圾dispose v. 处理gas meter煤气表insect n.昆虫burglar n.夜贼leaking/leakage n. 泄漏lost key丢钥匙break in 闯入讲座场景词汇Geology地质学Slide n. 滑坡Landslide n.山体滑坡Mud泥土, soil土壤Earth n. 土Sink v.下沉Ground water 地下水Irrigation n. 灌溉Freeze, froze, frozen v.冷冻Melt v.融化molten Gravity n.重心Aggravate v.加重Lean v.倾斜Slope n.斜坡Steep adj.陡峭Erode v., erosion n.腐蚀Fossil n.化石Dinosaur n.恐龙Sediment, deposit 沉淀物Marble 大理石granite 花岗岩Ore 矿石Stalactite 钟乳石Refine v. 提炼Platinum v. 铂金Seismology 地震学Vibration, tremor, 震动Wave 波动Volcano, volcanic 火山，火山的Volcanic eruption 火山喷发Magnitude 级数Collision n.碰撞Active adj.积极的Dormant adj.休眠的Extinct adj. 熄灭的Magma n.岩浆Lava n.岩浆Erupt v.喷发explode v.爆炸(explosion)boom n.爆炸Blast n.爆炸Avalanche n.雪崩地球科学Earth’s interior 地球的内部Seismic waves地震波Compression 压缩Shear（a deformation of an object in which parallel planes remain parallel but are shifted in a direction parallel to themselves）Slow down减慢速度Reflect 反射Depth深度Density 密度Boundary边界Mantle地幔Crust地壳Core地心Continental plate 大陆板块Tectonic plate (地球表面的)构造板块Continental drift 大陆漂移Layer, strata 层Stratify 分层Crack 裂缝Molten lava 融化的岩浆Climatic shift=Climatic changes气候变化Consistent pattern 统一的，始终一致的Solar energy太阳能Radiate 发射，放射Crude approximation 大概的猜测Speculation猜测Cooling down冷却Mechanism 机制Length of the dayPhysical force 体力Imaginary line虚拟线Artificial reservoir 人工水库LatitudeRedistribute再分配，再分布Spin 快速旋转Minerals 矿物质Diverse 多样的Specimen，Sample样品Abundant 丰富的Glassy像玻璃的Amazon stones天河石Firing vapor 炙热的水蒸汽Wipe out 根除，彻底消灭Mt Everest 珠穆朗玛峰Elevation 海拔，海拔增高Precise measurement精确的测量Global Positioning System全球定位系统Longitude 经度Latitude 维度Alternative sources of energy 可替代资源Gas hydrate气体水合物Trap 困住Flame 火焰Potential 潜在的Model 模式Geological fault地质断层Crack 裂缝seismic gap地震活动空白地带postulate 假设chunk 大块cylinder 圆柱cylindrical 圆柱形的ground tilt measurement地倾斜观测evacuate 撤出sedimentary adj. 沉淀性的accumulate 积累商业Insurance 保险Note 注意Contract合约Verbal agreement口头协议Repay 偿还Interest 利息Merchant 商人Cautious 谨慎的Paramount 极为重要的Manufacture 制造Label 标签Contention 所持观点Inform 告知Cost成本Profit利润loss损失Net净的，gross粗略的Supply and demand供求Supply chain供应链Fluctuation 浮动Recession 衰退Depression 萧条Marketing strategies市场营销策略Survey 调查Surplus 剩余Shipment 运输Distribution 分布Retail 零售Whole sale 批发Franchise特许经营Budget预算哲学Socrates, Plato and Aristotle Theme 主题Logic 逻辑Rhetoric 修辞Fundamental causes 基本原因Principles of the universe 宇宙的原则Perceive 看待，观察Perception 观点Sense 感觉Soul 灵魂spiritElement 组成成分Reasoning 推理Ration理性, rational有理性的Contemplation 沉思，思考Judgment判断Just公正的，justice公正Justify证明, justification 合理的理由Explicit 明确的Ethics道德规范Ethical theory 伦理理论Moral 有道德的Ultimate truth终极真理Universal 普遍的Search for truth 追求真理Vary v.不相同Intrinsic 内部的Extrinsic 外部的Critic 评论家Old-fashioned 过时的Valuable 有价值的Survive 生存，存活Conservative 保守的Liberal 开放的Impractical不实际的Empirical经验主义的Cognitive 认知的Weaken 削弱Diminish （影响力）减小Medieval 中世纪Renaissance 文艺复兴Doctrine教义,主义,学说Idealism 唯心论，理想主义Epistemology n. 认识论Metaphysics形而上学,玄学Reconcile和解,调停天文学astronomy constellation 星座zodiac （星象学的星座）planet 行星sun 恒星Jupiter 木星Pluto 冥王星Saturn 土星Mercury 水星Mars 火星Venus金星Neptune海王星Uranus天王星Ceres 谷物星（the largest asteroid and the first discovered）White dwarf 白矮星Big Dipper 北斗七星Asteroid belt 小行星带Milky Way 银河系Galaxy n.星系orbit v.运行n.轨道rotate v. 转Axis n.轴track n. 轨道outer space外太空gravity n.重力equator n.赤道tropical 热带的brightness n.亮度dimension n.维度distance n. 距离Eclipse (日月食)Wane, diminish v. 逐渐变小Centripetal 向心Centrifugal 离心Nebula 星云(an immense cloud of gas (mainly hydrogen) and dust in interstellar space）Nebulous adj. 星云的Gas 气体(rock, ice, hydrogen, oxygen) Particle 微粒Polar light 极光Astronomical 天文的Astrophysics 天文物理学Big Dipper 北斗七星Black hole 黑洞Celestial天体的Celestial map 天体图Centrifugal force 离心力Chondrite 球粒状陨石Chromosphere太阳的色球层Clockwise 顺时针Cluster 星团，一群星星Comet 彗星Cosmos宇宙,cosmetic宇宙的Cosmology宇宙学Emission 排放物，发射Faint 微弱的Feeble 微弱的Gaseous bodies 气态包Gravitational force 吸引力Greenwich mean time 格林尼治时间High resolution 高清晰度Ignite 引燃Illusive object 幻影物体Image 影响，形象Infinite 无限的Infrared ray 红外射线Interferometer 干扰仪Intergalactic 星系间的International date line 国际日期变更线Interplanetary 星球间的Interstellar星际的Leap year 闰年Light year光年Luminosity光亮度Lunar阴历的，月亮的Massive 巨大的Meteor流星Meteor shower 流星雨Meteorite陨石Meteoroid流星体Molten 融化的Naked eye 裸眼Observatory 天文台Photosphere 光球层Planetarium 天文馆Planetoid 小行星Polestar 北极星Pseudoscience 伪科学Quasar类星体Radiation 辐射Revolution 旋转Rotation 旋转Satellite 卫星Sky atlas天体图Solar corona日冕Space debris 太空垃圾Space shuttle 太空飞船Space suit 太空服Spin 快速旋转Star cluster 星群，星团Stellar 星星的Sunspot 太阳黑子Time difference 时差Time zone 时区表演艺术（舞蹈，电影，音乐etc.）Genre 艺术分类Performing art 表演艺术modern dance piece现代舞concert 音乐会play剧opera歌剧film 电影camera 摄影camera shotanalytical 分析的parallel 平行的ballet芭蕾舞choreographer 舞蹈指导Fine/visual arts 视觉艺术Abstract art抽象艺术landscape风景photography摄影exposure 曝光develop film 冲洗胶卷negative n. 底片portrait(portray v. )肖像, 人像、still life静物sculpture雕塑statue 人物雕像lifelike 逼真的vividanthem 国歌Critic 评论家Criticism 批评，评论Review n.评论Masterpiece 杰作Have aesthetic value 有美学价值Aesthetic appeal 美学吸引力Feature 特点Characteristics 特点Distinct adj.与众不同的Unique 独一无二的Style 风格Technique 技巧Gallery n.画馆Edition n.专辑Release v. 发行Debut n.首映Impressionist 印象主义者Impressionism 印象派Perspective 透视法Angle 角度Press/Publishing house出版社Acclaim v. 盛赞mirage 海市蜃楼prolific 多产Preserve v. 保存Extinct adj.灭绝的，消失的文学Literature 文学Poetry诗歌biography传记autobiography 自传detective stories 侦探小说drama戏剧novel小说Novelist 小说家collection of short stories短篇小说集Allegory寓言Comparative literature比较文学Diary 日记Editorial 社论，重要评论Fiction 小说Aestheticism 唯美Autobiography 自传Descriptive prose 描述散文Fairy tale 童话Futurism 未来派Legend 传说Literary studies 文学研究Narrative prose 叙述性散文Podium 讲台Prose 散文Realism 现实主义School of literature 文学派别Leading character 主要角色Literary criticism 文学评论Literary studies 文学学习Modernism 现代主义Plot 情节Poetry 诗歌Prologue前言Proverb谚语Surrealism 超现实主义美术Art gallery艺廊Calligraphy书法Imitating模仿Landscape painting风景画Oil painting油画Paste粘贴Crayon 蜡笔，粉笔，颜料Pigmentation 颜料Canvas 帆布Wax 蜡Spectrum 光谱Perspective透视画法Poster海报Portrait肖像Model模式，模特mural 壁画Panorama全景Pastel drawing蜡笔画Sketch草图Autograph手稿建筑Architecture建筑学Architect建筑师Architectural style建筑风格Art deco 装饰艺术Art moderneGeometric patterns 几何图形Arch 拱门Castle 城堡Cathedral大教堂Framing结构Lobby n. 大厅(entrance hall) Elevator n. 电梯Façade n. 正面Stairs 楼梯Interior 内部的Exterior 外部的Impressionistic style印象派风格Mosque清真寺Pyramid金字塔Revival 复活Renaissance 文艺复兴Medieval中世纪Byzantine architecture 527 (Sofia)-1520音乐Accompaniment 伴奏Audition 试听，试表演Band music 乐队音乐Chord弦乐，弦Classical music古典音乐Concerto 协奏曲Lullaby 催眠曲Duet 二重奏Harmony 和弦，和谐Rock and roll 摇滚Serenade 小夜曲Solo 独奏Sonata 奏鸣曲Symphony 交响乐Ballad歌谣Folk music 民间音乐Prelude 前奏Epilogue 尾声Score 乐谱Note 音符Notation 乐谱，记号法Chord symbol和弦符号Lyrics 歌词Tempo 节奏Melody 主旋律Rhythm节奏Tune 旋律Conduct 指挥Violin 小提琴Viola 中提琴Cello大提琴Oboe双簧管Clarinet单簧管krummhorn['krʌmhɔ:n]n. 变号(一种古双簧乐器)Harp 竖琴考古anthropologist 人类学家ecological 生态的anthropologist 生态人类学家archaeology 考古学anthropology 人类学morphology 形态学Ancient civilization 古代文明origin 起源originate 起源于ancestor 祖先hominid 人（科）homogeneous 同一种族（种类）的tribe 部落clan 氏族archeologist 考古学家excavation 挖掘excavate (unearth) 挖掘Scoop铲子ruins 遗迹，废墟remains 遗迹，遗骸artifact 手工艺品pottery 陶器(potter)Porcelain瓷器fossil 化石relic 遗物，文物Rock painting 岩石画antique 古物，古董antiquity 古代，古老skull 颅骨Cranial颅骨的Stone Age 石器时代Bronze Age （青）铜器时代Iron Age 铁器时代Paleolithic 旧石器时代的Mesolithic 中石器时代的Neolithic 新石器时代的Exhume 挖掘Paleoanthropology Prehistoric史前的Primitive原始的动物微生物Amino acid 氨基酸Antibody 抗体Bacterium 细菌Biological agencyCalcium钙Carbohydrate 碳水化合物Carbon dioxide 二氧化碳Cell细胞Chromosome 染色体Disinfection 消毒Enzymes 酶Fatigue 疲惫Fermentation 发酵Fungus 菌类Gene基因Genetic engineering 基因工程学Glucose 葡萄糖Immunology免疫学Incubation 孵蛋Inflection传染Malaria 疟疾Microbe 微生物Nucleus 细胞核One-celled单细胞的Oxidation氧化Parasitic animal 寄生动物Parasite disease 寄生虫病Parasitology 寄生虫学Pathogen 病菌，病原体Protozoa 原生动物Sanitation 卫生Schistosomiaisis 血吸虫病Starch 淀粉Sterilization 消毒Toxin 毒素Vaccine 疫苗Virus 病毒Yeast 酵母动物living organism 生物bacterium(pl.bacteria) 细菌algae海藻coral珊瑚rodent 啮齿类动物primate 灵长类动物ape 猿chimpanzee n. 黑猩猩gorilla 大猩猩monkey n. 猴子mammal 哺乳类动物dinosaur n.恐龙bat (ecolotion) 蝙蝠（声波定位）snowshoe hare 雪兔子raccoon 浣熊polar bear 北极熊snout (动物的)口鼻部;reptile 爬行类动物snake, cobra眼镜蛇, rattle snake 响尾蛇lizard蜥蜴,snail 蜗牛amphibian adj. 两栖动物crocodile 鳄鱼frog n. 青蛙tadpole 蝌蚪toad 蟾蜍pond 池塘puddle 水坑insect n.昆虫mosquito 蚊子fly 苍蝇cricket 蟋蟀grasshopper 蚱蜢honey beemonarch butterfly 大花蝶large migratory American butterfly having deeporange wings with black and white markings; the larvae feed on milkweed egg 卵larvae 幼虫caterpillar 毛虫pupa/ chrysalis 茧termite n. 白蚁marine adj. 海洋的beaver 狸whale 鲸shark 鲨鱼dolphin 海豚penguin 企鹅predator n. 捕食者prey n. 被捕食者aquatic adj.水生的shrimp 虾lobster 龙虾clam 蚌crab 螃蟹bird, humming birdartery 动脉scale 鳞片claw爪, paw爪子horn 角hormone 荷尔蒙intestine 肠hive 蜂巢pollen n. 花粉pollinate v.授粉hibernate 冬眠migrate v. 迁徙communicate v. 交流camouflage 保护色evolve 进化evolution n. 进化endotherm n.温血动物,恒温动物poikilotherm n. 冷血动物beak 鸟嘴enzymes 酵母secretion(n.) secrete(v.) 分泌pancreas 胰腺odor 气味(还有aroma fragrance scent smell)gland 腺体chromosome 染色体植物botany植物学botanist 植物学家tundra苔原;冻土地带,冻原fungus(pl. fungi ) 菌类laurel 月桂chestnut tree 栗子树root 根branch 枝stem 茎algae(pl. alga) 海藻organism 有机物birch tree (bark) 桦树crops 谷物corn 玉米maize 玉米chlorophyll 叶绿素amino acids 氨基酸protein 蛋白质nitrogen 氮photosynthetic(adj.) photosynthesis(n.) 光合作用lichen 地衣,苔藓squash 南瓜one of a group of large vegetables with solid flesh and hard skins, such as PUMPKIN sbean 豆类植物nectar花蜜flower花floral 花的petal 花瓣bloom 开花blossom 花pollen花粉moss 苔藓herbicide 除草剂herb 草本植物herbivorous 食草的classification 分类hierarchy 级别hazardous 有毒害的Meteorology 气象meteorology 气象meteorologist 气象学家forecast (predict) 预报climate 气候atmosphere 大气层troposphere 对流层Convection 对流Stratosphere 同温层Barometer 气压计current （气）流vapor 蒸汽evaporate 蒸发damp (wet; moist; humid) 潮湿的humidity 湿度moisture 潮湿；水分saturate 饱和absorb 吸收dew 露frost 霜fog (mist) 雾smog 烟雾droplet 小水珠condense 浓缩crystal 水晶体downpour (torrential rain) 大雨tempest (storm) 暴风雨drizzle 细雨shower 阵雨hail 冰雹blizzard (snowstorm) 暴风雪avalanche (snowslide) 雪崩precipitation （雨、露、雪等）降水Thunder 雷Lightening 闪电breeze 微风Blast 大风gale 大风whirlwind 旋风Cyclone 旋风，飓风typhoon 台风hurricane 飓风Monsoon 季风Sandstorm沙尘暴Dust storm沙尘暴tornado (twister, cyclone) 龙卷风Tropical depression热带低气压Wind direction 风向Wind velocity 风速Wind scale 风力funnel 漏斗，漏斗云cumulonimbus 积雨云disaster (calamity, catastrophe) 灾难devastation 破坏submerge 淹没overwhelm v. 淹没drought 干旱Avalanche雪崩Balmy 温和的Chilly寒冷的Frigid僵硬的，严格的Heat-wave热浪Tepid adj.微温的环保environmental protection 环境保护environmentally-friendly 环保的preserve v.保护，保存污染：pollute, pollution, pollutant contaminant n.污染物contaminate v.污染ecosystem生态系统ecology n.生态学antiseptic adj.防腐的atmospheric pollution大气污染垃圾: rubbish, garbage, trash, waste, litter 处理: dispose of, burn, bury (landfill), recycle, reduce, reuse,dump回收:glass, paper, water,milk carton牛奶盒, tyre,aluminium cans铝罐,plastic bags, rubbish bags biodegradable packaging可降解包装, throwaway 可丢弃的disposable 可丢弃的discourage v. 不鼓励燃料none-renewable 不可再生的fossil fuels矿石燃料:natural gas, coal, petroleumlimited/finite natural resources 有限的自然资源alternative energy替代能源,replace=substitute v.取代wind power, hydropower水电,solar (lunar) power太阳能,nuclear power核能radioactivity n. 辐射性use up, deplete, exhaust v. 用光，耗尽conserve v. 节省，节约,污染: water pollution, air pollution,soil pollution土壤污染,noise pollutionsoil erosion 土壤侵蚀soil pollution土壤污染stain n.污染，污点，玷污stink v.发出臭味tar n.焦油toxic chemical 有毒的化学物品fume n.烟，气味light pollution日光污染refuse废物sewage污水pesticide n.杀虫剂chemical waste化学废料congest v.使充满危害动物:poaching非法打猎，盗猎,damage natural habitat破坏自然栖息地, rare breed稀有物种,endangered species濒危物种,extinct adj.灭绝(die out, disappear), animal rights activist动物权益保护者, natural reserve(giant panda大熊猫)自然保护区,protect wild life保护野生动物, preserve v.保护disastrous灾难性的, devastation破坏, have disastrous effect on…对。
托福听力词汇分类-地理类
altitude / 5Altitju:d / 海拔高度 Antarctic / Ant5B:ktik / 南极的Antarctica / Ant5B:ktikE / 南极洲 Arctic / B:ktik / 北极的arid / 5Arid / 干旱的 Basin / 5beisn / 盆地canal / kE5nAl / 运河 Canyon / 5kAnjEn / 峡谷cavern (cave) / 5kAvEn / 巨洞，洞窑 channel / 5tFAnl / 海峡cleft / kleft / 缝隙，劈开的 cliff / klif /悬崖coastland / `kEJstlAnd / 沿海地区 collide / kE5laid / 碰撞continent / 5kCntinEnt / 大陆 continental drift / 7kCnti5nentl / 大陆漂移continental island / 7kCnti5nentl / 大陆岛 continental shelf / 7kCnti5nentl /大陆架contour / 5kCntuE / 轮廓，等高线 copper / 5kCpE / 铜coral island / 5kCrEl / 珊瑚岛 core / kC: /地核cosmopolitan / 7kCzmE5pClitEn / 世界性的 crack / krAk / 裂缝crest / krest / 山顶 crevice / 5krevis / (墙壁, 岩石等的)裂缝crust / krQst / 地壳 cycle / 5saikl / 天体的轨道dam / dAm / 水坝 debris / 5debri: / 碎片delta / 5deltE / 三角洲 demolish / di5mCliF / 破坏,粉碎deposit / di5pCzit / 堆积物；沉淀物；沉积；矿床 desert / di5zE:t / 沙漠diffuse / di5fju:z / 传播,扩散 disintegration / dis7inti5^reiFEn / 分解dispose / dis5pEuz / 处理,处置 distribute / dis5tribju(:)t / 散布,分布diversity / dai5vE:siti / 多样性 dormant / 5dC:mEnt / 休眠的（火山）drill / dril / 钻孔 earthquake / 5E:Wkweik / 地震ebb / eb / 衰落 edge / edV /边缘,边界elevation / 7eli5veiFEn / 抬升；高地；海拔 eliminate / i5limineit / 排除endemic / en5demik / 风土的，地方的 epicenter / 5epIsentE(r) / 震中equator / i5kweitE / 赤道 erode / i5rEud / 侵蚀erosion / i5rEuVEn / 腐蚀，侵蚀 evaporation / i7vApE5reiFEn / 蒸发Expedition / 7ekspi5diFEn / 探险 extinct volcano / iks5tiNkt / 死火山extract / iks5trAkt / 开采，提炼 fault plane / plein / 断层面fieldstone / `fi:ldstEJn / 卵石 flaw / flC: /裂缝formation / fC:5meiFEn / 形成 frontier / 5frQntjE / 边境frost heaving / frCst / 冻涨现象 gap / ^Ap /缝隙geographer / dVi5C^rEfE / 地理学家 geography / dVi5C^rEfi / 地理geothermal / 7dVi(:)Eu5WEmEl / 地热的 gorge / ^C:dV / 峽谷Grand Canyon / ^rAnd / 大峡谷 gulf （arm ） / ^Qlf / 海湾hemisphere / 5hemisfiE / 半球 highland / 5hailEnd / 高地hillside / `hIlsaId / 山坡 horizon / hE5raizn / 地平线horizontal / 7hCri5zCntl / 水平的 igneous rock / 5i^niEs / 火成岩incandescent / 7inkAn5desnt / 白炽的 infertile / in5fE:tail / 贫瘠的insular / 5insjulE / 海岛的 insulate / 5insjuleit / 隔离island / 5ailEnd / 岛屿 islet / 5ailit /小岛latitude / 5lAtitju:d / 纬度 ledge / ledV /矿层，矿脉longitude / 5lCndVitju:d / 经度，经线 lowland / 5lEulEnd / 低地margin / 5mB:dVin / (湖,池等的)边缘 marine / mE5ri:n / 航海的maritime / 5mAritaim / 海上的 melt / melt /融化meridian / mE5ridiEn / 子午线 mountain chain / tFein / 山脉mountain range / reindV / 山脉 navigation / 7nAvi5^eiFEn / 航海oasis / Eu5eisis / 绿洲 offshore / 5C(:)fFC: / 海面上的,远离岸的outskirt / 5autskE:t / 外边，郊区 parallel / 5pArElel / 平行圈，纬线peninsula / pi5ninsjulE / 半岛 plain / plein /平原plateau (highland) / 5plAtEu / 高地 precipice / 5presipis / 悬崖range / reindV / 山脉，多山的地区 region / 5ri:dVEn / 区域，地方salinity / sE5liniti / 盐度 sea- floor spreading / 5sprediN /海床扩张sediment / 5sedimEnt / 沉淀物 smelt / smelt / 冶炼straits / straits / 海峡 subsidiary / sEb5sidjEri / 辅助的，补充的subterrane / 5sQbtErein / 表层下基岩 subterranean / sQbtE5reInIEn / 地下的summit,top,crest,peak / 5sQmit / 顶峰tectonics / tek5tCniks / 构造学temperate / 5tempErit / 温带的 terrain / 5terein / 地形terrestrial / ti5restriEl / 地球的，陆地的 terrestrial magnetism / 9dVi:EJ`mA^nItIzEm /地磁tide / taid / 潮汐 topography / tE5pC^rEfi / 地形，地形学tropical / 5trCpikl / 热带的 tropic / 5trCpik / 回归线volcanic island / vCl5kAnik / 火山岛 zone / zEun /地域。
新托福听力分类词汇
天文类.docx地理学.docx生物学.docx生理&心理.docx 历史学.docx托福听力分类词汇-天文学Spacecraft 宇宙飞船Probe 探测针Astronomy 天文学Asteroid belt 小行星带Antenna 天线Transmit 传输Atmosphere 大气satellite 卫星asteroid 小行星method 方法photography 拍摄voyage 旅行planet 行星describe 描述disappointment 失望Galileo 伽利略properly 适当地data 数据immediately 立即地observe 观测expect 期望Jupiter 木星image 想象position 位置report 报告return 返回share 分享film 影片design 设计mission 使命pleasure 荣幸exciting 令人兴奋的moment 时刻up-close 接近地amazing 令人吃惊的suppose 应该rely on 依靠end up 结束receive 接收finally 最终communication 联系difficult 困难的decide 决定direct 直接的launch 发射malfunction 发生故障suspend 暂停Apollo program 阿波罗计划Geological 地质学的Moon 月亮Lunar surface 月球表面Volcanic action 火山活动Telescopic study 用望远镜进行研究Telescope 望远镜Meteorite 陨石、陨星resistance 阻力NASA 美国国家航空航天管理局chronology 年代学landing 登陆lunar 月球的crater 环形山origin 起源volcano 火山atmosphere 大气层surrounding 围绕measure 测量intensity 强度reflect 反射analyze 分析record 纪录fragment 碎片falling 落下的lava 熔岩unique 独特的appearance 外貌illustrate 阐明draw 绘图technique 技术crudeness 未成熟accuracy 精确性copy 复制remarkable 杰出的geologist 地质学家profession 职业famous 著名的astronomy 天文学familiar 熟悉aware 意识到determine 确定nature 本质view 观点challenge 挑战action 行为careful 仔细的spacecraft 宇宙飞船uniform 统一的impact 冲击post 布置text 课文amazingly 令人惊讶地reject 拒绝graduate 毕业reassert 重新主张run 运行give up 放弃alone 独自地spare time 空闲时间eventually 最终persuade 说服incorporate 结合astonishing 使震惊space exploration 外层空间探索astronomer 天文学家meteoroid 流星体pristine 未受破坏的hit 撞击debris 残骸orbiting debris 轨道上的残骸collide 碰撞mistakenly 错误地assume 假定contain 包含surface 表面resemble 类似atmosphere 大气层attract 吸引meteor 流星space travel 太空旅行intercept 妨碍destroy 消灭repel 抵制orbit 轨道intersect 相交threat 威胁inability 无能力possibility 可能性straying 迷路intended orbit 预定轨道burning up 燃烧approach 接近deal with 处理pollution 污染eliminate 消除program 项目lecture 演讲interesting 有趣的important 重要的enter 进入constantly 不断的familiar 熟悉lack 缺少break up 分解truth 事实danger 危险entertain 受理satellite 卫星garbage 垃圾melt 熔化crater 凹陷dispose 处理gravity 重力movement 运动balance 平衡stability 稳定性vat 缸underwater 水下的treadmill 踏板design 设计aerospace 航空航天的engineer 工程师observe 观察scuba 自摘式水中呼吸器diver 潜水员simulate 模拟moving belt 移动带affect 影响attach 连接carefully 谨慎地adjust 调整experience 体验conclude 总结probably 可能lunar 月球的struggle 努力awkwardly 笨拙地traction 牵引力gradually 逐渐地increase 增加graceful 优美的comfortable 舒服地pace 速度oxygen 氧气space suit 宇航服compare 比较elbow 肘knee 膝盖alter 改变excuse 原谅space suit 航空服vacuum 真空radiation 辐射interested in 对...感兴趣videotape 录制local 当地的basic 基础的aspect 方面survival 生存imagine 想象astronaut 宇航员protection 保护explode 爆炸shade 阴暗处temperature 温度toasty 烘烤一般的marvel 奇迹enlargement 放大space shuttle 航天飞机mission 任务torso 躯干extremely 极其durable 耐用的layer 层insulation 绝缘材料bladder 气囊oxygen 氧气inflatable 充气的sac 囊状物simulate 模拟atmospheric 大气的pressure 压力force 力量provide 提供liquid 液体ventilation 通风flexible 柔软的movement 活动sophisticated 精密的helmet 头盔volunteer 志愿者demonstrate 说明life-size 实体大小temperature extremes 温度极限observatories 天文台light-sensitive 感光的remote 遥远的astronomer 天文学家peer 凝视telescope 天文望远镜typical 典型的analyze 分析data 数据purely 纯粹的theoretical 理论的rarely 少见地image 图像directly 直接地common 常见的observe 观测photograph 拍摄plate 感光板coat 遮盖position 放置receive 接受record 记录enlarge 放大publish 出版object 物体feeble 微弱的exposure 【摄】曝光faint 模糊的托福听力分类词汇-地理学geology 地质学rock 岩石dinosaur 【古生物】恐龙comet 【天文】彗星plow (【美】plow,又作plough 【英】) 犁，耕evolution 进化disappear 消失fascinate 迷住radiocarbon 放射性碳fossil 化石extinction 灭绝temperature 温度constant 恒定underground 地下的discuss 讨论kill off 消灭wind up 终结exactly 确切地afterward 历来amazing 令人惊奇的impact 冲击probably 可能flame 火焰explain 解释eventually 最终species 物种geological 地质学的evidence 证明crash 撞击enormous 巨大的crater 陨石坑swept 卷走burst 爆裂intense 强烈的mammal 哺乳动物survive 存活dust 尘埃atmosphere 大气层global climate change 全球气候变化affect 影响axis 地轴imaginary line 想象中的线spin 旋转rotation 【天文】自转artificial reservoir 人工水库redistribute 重新分配equator (地球或天体的)赤道latitude 【地理】纬度accuracy 精确性settlement 定居describe 描述illustrate 说明serious 系列activity 活动affect 影响surface 表面pollute 污染mineral content 矿物含量slightly 略微地remain 保留increase 增加ice skater 滑冰者recreation 娱乐gravity 重力compare 比较length 长度completely 全部地center 中心speed 速度direct 直接的tremendous 巨大的aware 意识到physical 物理的significant 重要的matter 因素measurable 显著的motion 运动comprise 由…组成pave 铺设而成的街道repel 【物理】弹回drain 排水渠gutter 沟，街沟evaporation 蒸发(作用) urbanization 城市化condensation 【物理】凝聚(作用) cling 附着measure 测量temperature 温度urban 城市environment 环境lifestyle 生活方式process 过程reflect 反射sunlight 日光prevent 防止vehicle 交通工具dust 尘埃particle 微粒vary 变化release 释放rainfall 降水elevation 海拔高度concentration 集中density 密度fog 雾form 形成prevalent 普遍的climatologist 气候学家emerge 出现average 平均frequent 频发的flood 洪水meteorology 气象学eventually 最终heat 热量affect 影响important 重要的requirement 需求surrounding 周围的industry 工业water vapor 水蒸气liquid 液体thunderstorm 雷阵雨generate 产生reduce 减少suspend 悬浮take place 发生strata 地层；层shoreline 大陆海岸线length 长度formation 形成tidal 潮汐的cycle 循环gravitational 重力的origin 来源sample 样本ocean 海洋worn away 磨损wave 海浪ancient 古老的approximate 大约的illustrate 阐明describe 描述rotate 自转extreme 极端的weather 天气vary 变化composition 组成geology 地理学opposite 相反的complete 完整的tiny 微小的layer 层mud 泥dust 尘埃blown over 被淡忘sand 沙子stripe 条纹indicate 显示thickness 厚度alternate 交互的deposit 沉淀represent 表示revolve （使）旋转speed up 加速gravity 重力pulling 吸引drag 拖动turn 转动lava 熔岩volcanic eruption 火山爆发magma 【地质】岩浆hazard 危险fragmentary 【地质学】碎屑质的pyroclastics 【地质】火成碎屑物(的)avalanche 雪崩destruction 破坏material 物质expel 喷出explosion 爆发rarely 稀少地expert 专家location 地点occur 发生damage 破坏flow 流frequently 频繁地eject 喷出emit 发出mixture 混合物gas 气体dust 尘埃ash 灰predict 预测form 形成familiar 熟悉convince 使相信boost 推describe 描述typically 典型的project 项目tremendous 巨大的temperature 温度path 路径island 岛屿literally 不夸张的38. completely 完全地release 释放combination 混合物fluid 流动的fragment 碎片pressure 压力wiped out 消灭investigation 调研调查vibration 震动disappear 消失makeup 构造interior 内部assignment 作业important 重要的geologist 地质学家accurate 精确地seismic wave 地震波earthquake 地震travel 传递enable 使能够inner part 内部reveal 显示compression 压缩shear 切断liquid 液体solid 固体depth 深度disappear 消失reflect 反射boundary 界线mantle 地幔core 地核crust 地壳molten 熔融的lava 熔岩volcano 火山source 来源disturb 打扰，扰乱atmosphere 大气climatic shift 气候变化Ice Age 冰河时代back up 后退review 复习in general 大多数define 定义consistent 一贯的pattern 模式significant 重要的period 时期occur 出现balance 平衡solar energy 太阳能radiate 辐射surface 表面exchange 转换differently 以不同的方式system 系统complex 复杂的crude 粗略的approximation 近似值sophisticated 精密的hypothesis 假说speculating 猜测volcanic 火山的activity 活动mechanism 途径erupt 喷发disperse 散布particle 微粒global 全球的complete 完整的involve 包含different 不同的operate 起作用diverse 多样的abundant 富裕的，多余的geologist 地质学家invite 邀请mineral 矿石diverse 多样的specimen 标本closely 仔细地feldspar 【矿】长石abundant 丰富的divided into 分为type 种类orthoclase 【矿】正长石notice 注意到vary 变化glassy 光滑的volcanic 火山的collect 收集trip 旅行microcline 【矿】微斜长石amazonstone 【矿】天河石，绿长石identify 识别jewelry 珠宝attractive 有吸引力的plagioclase feldspar 【矿】斜长岩rare 稀有的particularly 特别地proud 自豪variety 多样性collection 收藏品slide 幻灯片sedimentary rock 沉积岩photosynthesis 光合作用accumulate 积累fossil fuel 化石能源coal 煤oil 石油natural gas 天然气trapped 被困的remain 残骸process 过程store 储存chemical compound 化合物release 释放decay 腐烂energy 能量organic matter 有机物completely 彻底地hence 由此considerable 相当多的rate 速度dig up 开采burn 燃烧nonrenewable 不可再生的resource 资源alternative 可替代的renewed 可再生的precise 准确的surface 表面previously 之前的mountain-climbing 登山recalculate 重新计算elevation 海拔高度determine 确定traditional 传统的survey 测量method 方法measurement 度量单位take advantage of 利用recent 最近的advance 进步technology 技术satellite 人造卫星circle 环绕...运行constantly 不断地send out 发出signal 信号contain 包含important 重要的longitude 【地理】经度latitude 【地理】纬度special 特殊的receiver 接收器summit 山顶heavy 沉重reduce 减轻handheld telephone 手持电话access 通过peak 山顶property 财产，财富earthquake 地震reasonable 较好的article 文章tremendous 巨大的damage 破坏seismologist 地震学家method 方法prediction 预测fairly 相当locate 指出...的位置potential 潜在的specific 确切的occur 发生introduce 介绍model 模式fault 断层crack 裂缝crust 地壳seismic gap 地震活动空白地带activity 活动postulate 假定due 到期phenomena 现象tilt 倾斜cylindrical 圆柱形的tube 管子tend to 倾向于correctly 正确地successful 成功的evacuate 撤离struck 侵袭unfortunately 不幸的是consistently 一贯地perfect 完美的based on 基于closely 紧密地a series of 一系列probability 可能性formula 公式calculate 计算confidence 信任long-term 长期的eventually 最终的global 全球的oceanographer 海洋学家analyze 分析sediment 沉积物ocean floor 海底depth 深度remain 遗骸layer 层determine 确定period 周期Ice Age 冰河时代decrease 减少drop 下降feet 英尺evaporate 蒸发frozen 冻结continental 大陆的glacier 冰山melt 融化indicate 显示regular 规律的historical 历史的data 数据in order to 为了possible 可能的effect 影响global warming 全球变暖industrial 工业的pollutant 污染物质capable 有能力的temperature 温度urgent 紧急的precisely 精确地sea level 海平面rise 上升attractive 有吸引力的direction 方向original 原始的，最初的long-lost 长久不见的province 省complex 复杂的process 过程involve 需要state-of-the-art 采用最先进水平的technology 技术location 位置pinpoint 确定interesting 有趣的major 主要的market 市场livestock 家畜crop 农作物official 政府necessary 必要的trade 贸易movement 运动good 商品trend 趋势reverse 转变escape 逃避threat 威胁disease 疾病cholera 【医】霍乱epidemic 流行negative 负面的project 项目stress 强调flow 流completely 完全地unhindered 不被阻碍的single 单独的region 地区influence 影响evident 明显的disuse 弃用simply 几乎alternative 可替代的surface 表面seawater 海水lookout 留心观察source 资源plentiful 丰富的coal 煤oil 石油gas hydrate 天然气水合物below 在...下面pressure 压力trap 使受限于crystal 晶体individual 单独的molecule 分子methane 【化】甲烷natural gas 天然气strange 奇特的stuff 物质match 火柴burst 燃烧22. flame 火焰chunk 大块normal 正常air pressure 大气压temperature 温度hiss 发出咝咝声bubble 冒泡melt 融化escape 逸出hard 困难miner 矿工handle 处理arctic region 北极地区mile 英里environmentalist 环境学家warn 警告disastrous 灾难性的offshore 近岸的drilling 【矿】钻井seep 渗漏deposit 沉积release 释放atmosphere 大气层45. recall 回忆起46. greenhouse gas 温室气体47. worsen 恶化48. global warming 全球变暖49. offer 提供interesting 有趣的possibility 可能性fuel 供给燃料furnace 暖炉glacier 冰川formation 行成topographic map 地形地图continent 大陆flat 平坦的Great Plains 大平原prairie 大草原steppe 大草原feature 特征level 水平的terrain 地形dry 干燥的climate 气候absence 缺乏actually 事实上shallow 浅的inland sea 内海sediment 沉积物smooth 使光滑border 边缘responsible 负责任的block 阻碍moist 湿润的intervene 干涉irrigation 灌溉windy 多风的divide 分成zone 地带mix 混合intermediate 中等程度的height 高度fuel 能源contain 包括percentage 百分比alternative 可替代的compose 构成chemical 化学品naphtha 【化】石脑油promising （有）前途的gasoline 石油pollute 污染require 需要completely 彻底地engine 发动机regular 正常的combustion 燃烧minor 较少的mechanical 机械方面的modification 改造change over 改装doubt 怀疑fear 害怕freeze 冻结antifreeze 【化】防冻液undergone 经历especially 特别government 政府vehicle 交通工具destructive 破坏性的thunderstorm 暴风雨development 发展tornado 龙卷风violent 剧烈的frightening 恐怖的powerful 强有力的interesting 有趣的exactly 精确地occur 出现front 【气】锋（指冷热空气团交汇线）humid 潮湿的gulf 海湾air masses 【气】气团rapidly 迅速地rush 急速流动replace 取代inrushing 流入的extreme 极度的thermal 热量的instability 不稳定性rotate 旋转demolish 毁坏suck up 吸收air pressure 大气压drop 下降remain 保持explode 爆破outward 向外technological 技术的predict 预测托福听力分类词汇-生物学describe 描述notes 笔记diagram 图表increases 增加briefly 简洁清晰move 移动muscle 肌肉develop 发育mammal 哺乳动物pattern 模式lizard 蜥蜴feet 脚relative 相关的size 大小different 不同的kind 种类function 功能tail 尾巴climb 爬special 特别的temperature 温度completely 完全地straight 直的speed 速度determine 决定length 长度step 步climate 气候bend 弯曲breath 呼吸disadvantage 缺点animal 动物extend 延长gather 搜集enough 足够的swim 游泳zoology 动物学camel 骆驼at least 至少board 黑板fore foot 前腿hind foot 后腿major 主要的anywhere 无论如何position 位置gait 步法reptile 爬行动物opposite 相对的evolve 进化sprawling 懒散的arrangement 安排contract 收缩hatch 孵出larvae 幼虫pupae 蛹invade 入侵mandible 上颚behavior 行为life cycle 生命周期mate 交配adult 成年的capture 捕捉species 种类provide 提供defend 防御predator 捕食者dig 挖nest 巢entire 全部queen 蚁后colony 群落destroy 消灭abandon 放弃distant 远的mature 成熟review 复习stage 阶段develop 发育lay 产下exactly 确切地tiny 小的move 移动fully 完全地term 术语slave 奴隶ant 蚂蚁actually 事实上steal 偷guess 猜remember 记得depend on 依赖于curvy 弯曲的cooperate 合作individual 个人flock 鸟群intelligent 智慧的adapt 适应vary 多样crow 乌鸦eagle 鹰spot 斑点owl 猫头鹰endanger 濒危enough 足够的attention 关注recently 最近complete 完成difficult 困难的follow 跟踪movement 运动identify 识别individual 单个的member 成员alive 活着captivity 囚禁wild 野生的attract 吸引tag 标记practically 几乎impossible 不可能prevent 防止injury 伤害common 普遍的relationship 关系environment 环境natural 自然的pollute 污染urban 城市的sensitive 敏感的disruption 崩溃observe 观测distance 距离population 数量expand 膨胀rapidly 迅速地ornithology 鸟类学fashionable 流行的rare 稀有的exhausted 灭绝的especially 特别challenge 挑战survivor 生存者individualized 个性化的conclusion 结论apply to 应用reasonable 合理enormous 巨大的garbage 垃圾species 物种overlook 忽视habit 习性generalization 普遍化glue-like 胶状compound 混合物molecule 分子sticky 黏的glob (浓流体或半固体的)团块difference 区别spider 蜘蛛glue 胶avoid 避免web 网create 建造graduate 毕业生thesis 论文biologist 生物学家fulfill 完成behavior 行为assignment 作业specialize in 专门研究material 物质drop 水滴outer part 外部middle 中间advantage 优点insect 昆虫type 种类coat 覆盖entire 整个energy 能量minimum 最小值puzzle 难题solve 解决own 自己的actually 事实上leave 留下enough 足够的draw 吸收normally 正常地glob 水珠accident 意外chewing gum 口香糖tightly 紧紧地uniform 均匀的save 节省scientific 科学的inconvenience 不方便economy 经济Skin-deep 表面上的Asymmetric 不对称Symmetry 对称Finch 【动物】雀科鸣禽(如燕雀、金翅雀等)Elks 【动物】麋鹿behavior 行为factor 因素attraction 吸引力classical 古典的modern 现代的definition 定义breed 饲养captivity 因素scientific experiment 科学实验pleasant 讨人喜欢的appearance 外貌mate 配偶potential 潜在的recognize 识别sign 标志status 地位indication 象征physical 身体的health 健康frightening 使受惊吓wing 翅膀variation 变化rhythmic 有节奏的movement 运动equal 相等的length 长度significance 重要性disprove 反驳previously 以前accepted 公认的theory 理论preference 偏好evidence 证据antler 鹿角inadequate nutrition 营养不足injury 受伤genetic defect 遗传缺陷pollution 污染biology 生物学valuable 有价值的judge 判断worth 价值reasonably 相当地reliable 可靠的indicator 指标underline 强调quality 品质seek 寻找selective 选择性的therefore 因此strength 力量proverb 谚语opposite 对立面characteristic 特征maximum 最大的clue 线索Amphibian 两栖动物Frog 蛙Habitat 栖息地Scope (活动)范围Endure 忍受potential 潜在的sign 标志ecological 生态的consequence 重要性volcanic eruption 火山喷发predict 预测activity 活动overpopulation 数量过多woolly worm 羊毛蠕虫measure 测量length 长度fur 毛皮nest 巢altitude 海拔高度decrease 下降difficulty 困难adapt 适应condition 环境species 物种evolve 进化phenomenon 现象describe 描述troublesome 麻烦的explanation 解释occur 出现irreversible 不可改变的pollution 污染dinosaur 恐龙demonstrate 证明climate 气候reptile 爬行动物existence 存在emphasize 强调signal 信号indicate 显示obvious 明显的smoke 烟pour 倾泻overlook 忽视harsh 严酷的forecast 预报thickness 厚度survive 存活disappearing 消失alarming 令人担心的urgently 紧急地worrisome 令人担心的particularly 特别global warming 全球变暖blame 指责specific 特殊的order 规则suddenly 突然地Metamorphosis 【生】变态Sea-urchin 【动物】海胆Series of major changes 一系列的主要变化Butterfly 蝴蝶Transform 变形Cocoon 茧hopper 跳虫〔如跳蚤、干酪蛆等〕roach 蟑螂toad 【动物】蟾蜍form-changing animal 变形动物tail 尾巴frog 青蛙life cycle 生命周期developmental 发展的evolutionary 进化的advantage 优势direct 直接的basic structure 基础结构throughout 贯穿give birth 生下at one time 同时stage 阶段model 使模仿provide 提供supply 供给hide 隐藏appropriate 适合的expose 暴露larvae 形成cover 覆盖adult 成年的pump 泵incomplete 不完全lung 肺hatch 孵化undergo 经历pupa 蛹grasshopper 蚱蜢moth 蛾characteristic 特征fly 苍蝇major 重大的biologist 生物学家transform 蜕变spin 吐丝，作茧trunk 躯干mature 成熟的twig 小树枝gradually 逐渐地skip 跳过tadpole 蝌蚪minor 较小的distinct 不同的illustration 插图inactivity 不活动crawl 爬行Animal cognition 动物的认知能力Sophisticated 复杂的Hook 钩子sea otters 【动物】水獭Pound 捣碎，舂烂，把…捣成粉Crab 蟹Chimpanzee 【动物】黑猩猩criterion (评判等的)标准Criteria criterion 的复数keep track of 明了prey 被捕食的动物crow 乌鸦tend to 倾向于entire 整个display 表现behavior 行为intelligent 聪明的previously 以前design 设计tool 工具haphazardly 任意地similar 相似的capacity 才能match 匹配wide 广泛的variety 变化purpose 目的hide 隐藏beneath 在...下面nest 巢leaf 树叶mate 配偶safe 安全的search 找寻consider 认为meaningful 具有特定意义的conclusively 不容置疑的seminar 研讨会assign 安排superior 优良的article 文章situation 情况intentionally 有意的puzzle 怀疑measurably 显著地standardize 使标准化Animals communicate 动物交往vocal 口头的prairie dog 【动物】(北美产)草原土拨鼠visualize 想像squirrel 【动物】松鼠bushy tail 浓密的尾巴bushy (毛发等)浓密的hawk 鹰，隼coyote 【动物】(美国西部大草原中的)草原狼predator 捕食者food chain 食物链prairie 大草原habitat 栖息地attempt 尝试complex 复杂的behavior 行为rodent 啮齿类动物adapt to 适应environment 环境similar 相似的mistaken 误认为hole 洞穴protect 保护neighbor 邻居remain 停留source 来源escape 躲避danger 危险bark 叫声afraid 害怕approach 接近narrow 狭隘的warn 警告recent 最近的indicate 显示traditionally 在传统上wild 野生的plain 平原describe 描述spot 发现enemy 天敌threat 威胁differentiate 区分individual 个别的member 成员evidence 证明actually 事实上species 物种research team 考察队potential 潜在的Ultraviolet 【物理】紫外线的robin 【动物】知更鸟(又叫robin redbreast)filter 滤镜transparent 透明的block 阻挡light condition 光线条件affect 影响feather 羽毛hunt 捕食structure 结构role 角色experiment 实验demonstrate 说明distinguish 区别perceive 察觉experience 经历discomfort 不适dim 阴暗的vision 视觉sensitive 敏感的variation 变化receptor 接受器官distance 远距离appear 显得enhance 增强locate 定位advantage 优势follow 跟踪prey 猎物spot 发现distinguish 区分poisonous 有毒的nonpoisonous 无毒的cloudy 多云的different 不同type 种类interesting 有趣的extremely 极度地completely 完全地unlit 未被照亮的radially 辐射状的urine 尿液mark 做标记track 追踪combination 混合体range 范围marina 小游艇船坞barnacles 藤壶fouling （水管中等的）污垢nuisance 讨厌的人或东西turtle 【动物】龟，海龟whale 【动物】鲸cement 胶合剂，胶Paleontologist 古生物学者fossil 化石duplicate 复制adhesive 黏附性的purpose 目的field trip 野外考察validate 证实archaeological 考古学的classify 把...分类marine animal 海洋动物shellfish 贝类damage 损坏thin 薄taste 味道evolve 进化ancient 古老的species 物种prove 证明related to 与...有联系contemporary 当代的grow 饲养reproduce 繁殖unique 独特的nutritious 有营养的exceptionally 极其地fight for 为...而战lobster 龙虾marine biology 海洋生物学semester 学期local 当地的particularly 特别length 长度shrimp 虾consider 认为organism 生物potentially 潜在地pier 桥墩bottom 底部powerful 强有力的self-made 自制的long-lasting 持久的clam 【动】蛤蜊harvest 收获weight 重量attach 使附着coast 海岸ancestry 祖先claw (动物的)爪organism 生物(体) vertebrate 【动物】脊椎动物Archaeopteryx 【古生物】始祖鸟the Jurassic period 侏罗纪时期skeleton 骨骼feathers 羽毛deprive 使丧失reptile 爬行动物structurally 从结构上看identical 相似的prefer to 更喜欢classify 归类share 分享consider 认为modern 现代的evolve 进化species 物种similar 相似的porous 多孔的scale 鳞片cover 覆盖toe 脚趾successful 成功的rapidly 迅速地distance 距离adapt to 适应environmental condition 环境条件different 不同的ancient 古老的transitional stage 过渡阶段represent 表现land 陆地wing 翅膀family 【动】【植】科creature 生物preciously 以前evidence 证据disappear 消失obviously 明显地survive 存活individual 个体basis 基础logical 合理的assume 假定fossil 化石clue 线索rare 稀有的clearly 清晰地biological 生物的distribution 贡献mixture 结合origin 起源octopus 【动物】章鱼propagate 宣传squeeze 挤出squirt 喷，喷射chameleon 【动物】变色龙wolf 狼react 反应encounter 遭遇clarify 阐明misconception 误解promote 改善protection 保护species 物种compare 比较strategy 策略avoid 避免danger 危险reputation 名声attack 攻击predator 捕食者enter 进入territory 领地injure 伤害diver 潜水者crab 螃蟹subject 题材similar 相似的lack 缺少skeletal structure 骨骼结构exceptionally 极其地bottom 底部ink 墨汁escape 躲避poison 毒害repulsive 使人讨厌的skin 皮肤match 与...一致surrounding 周围环境confusion 迷惑challenge 挑战myth 神话consider 认为fear 害怕terrify 吓唬entire 整个unless 除非average 平均certainly 相当hardly 很难despite 尽管talent 天分hole 口arm 武器accuse 指责pursue 追捕eland 【动物】(南非)大羚羊antelope 【动物】羚羊牛科（主产于非洲）herd 兽群victim 牺牲者hyena 【动物】鬣狗periphery 边缘commonsense 常识wildlife 野生生物major 主要的diet 饮食predator 捕食者advantage 优势videotape 录像带hawk 鹰capture 捕食buffalo 水牛stampede 惊跑surround 包围scatter 分散direction 方向sacrifice 牺牲individual 个体photograph 拍摄warn 警告approach 接近defend 防御cooperate 合作hunt 打猎disadvantage 缺点association 交往environment 环境behavior 行为major 主要的fascinating 迷人的important 重要的decrease 减少chance 机会increase 增加survival 存活offspring 后代owl 猫头鹰join 结合attack 攻击commonsense 常识的notion 观念demonstrate 证明distance 距离species 物种offence 攻击detect 察觉parasitic diseases 由寄生虫引起的病害pesticide 杀虫剂biotical agency 生物媒介Schistosomisasis 血吸虫病Schistosome 【医学】血吸虫snail 蜗牛internal bleeding 内出血fatigue 【医学】(组织、器官等对刺激失去反应能力的)疲劳crayfish 【动物】淡水小龙虾，蝲蛄lobster 龙虾calcium 【化学】钙effort 影响drug 药disease 疾病cause 原因training 培训host 宿主schistosome worm 血吸虫cattle 牛attack 攻击nervous system 【解】神经系统infect 传染bacteria 细菌deplete 耗尽effective 有效的control 控制force 强迫advantage 好处expensive 昂贵的prove 证明source 来源prevent 预防reinvention 以新形式出现reduce 减少rate 比率invade 入侵organism 生物体consider 考虑frequently 频繁result in 导致necessary 必要的abundant 大量的cheap 便宜的successfully 成功地habitat 栖息地expose 暴露internal 内在的eliminate 消灭import 引入lab 实验workbook 包含handle 处理supposed to 需要做choose 选择experiment 实验activity 活动framework 框架chapter 章节choice 选择usually 通常subsection 分支instruction 指示alternate 依次procedure 步骤equipment 设备plenty 足够的available 可获得的project 项目detailed 详细的weapon 武器pest 害虫firm 公司method 方法eliminate 消灭insect 昆虫dangerous 危险地chemical 化学药品poison 毒药adjust to 调节temperature 温度normal 正常laboratory 实验室的experiment 实验cockroaches 蟑螂termite 白蚁tent 帐篷fill 充满force 强迫的escape 逃跑hide 隐藏beam 横梁treatment 疗法continue 持续toxic 有毒的residue 残留物endanger 威胁pet 宠物smell 气味construction 建造dry 烦躁的oven 烘箱substantially 显著地procedure 程序1. dwell 居住mysterious 神秘的advantage 好处4. subject to 由...而决定sudden 突然的temperature 温度excellent 极好的habitat 栖息地cold-blooded 冷血的weight 重量protoplasm 【生】原生质approximately 接近density 密度limitation 限制practically 几乎remove 消除incompressible 不可压缩的shove 推wiggling 摆动snakelike 蛇形的forward 向前的motion 运动curve 曲线flexible 易弯曲的tail 尾巴propel 推动literally 从字面上angular 有棱角的peculiarity 独特之处contemporary 存在于同一时代的2. emu 鸸鹋3. ostrich 鸵鸟4. stuffed animal 动物标本5. penguin 企鹅6. auk 海雀7. rare 稀少的8. exist 存在9. preserve 保存10. diver 潜水者11. evidence 证据12. particular 特别的13. excellent 极好的14. ability 能力15. protect 保护16. prey 捕捉17. hungry 饥饿的18. sailor 水手19. icy 冰的indicate 显示tasty 美味的feather 羽毛demise 消亡extra 特别的precaution 措施specimen 标本invaluable 无价的exhibit 展览Tyrannosaurus rex 霸王龙commonly 通常cold-blooded 冷血的warm-blooded 恒温的5. normally 通常mammal 哺乳动物temperature 温度adjust to 适应reptile 爬行动物amphibian 两栖动物insect 昆虫internally 在体内environment 环境distinction 区别clear 清楚的recent 最近的research 研究chemical 化学的composition 组成bone 骨头consistent 一致的narrow 狭窄的range 范围indicate 显示electric fish 电鱼eel 鳗鱼tank 水箱produce 产生jolt 震动stun 使昏迷prey 猎物impulse 【电】脉冲navigate 导航locate 定位communicate 交流receptor 感受器sensitive 敏感的signal 信号skin 皮肤distort 扭曲obstacle 障碍物ability 能力detect 察觉species 种类equip 配备specially 特别地covert 使转化inaudible 听不见的headphone 耳机urge 强烈建议electric ray 【电】电鳐medical 医学的organ 器官nerve ending 【解】神经末梢interrupt 阻碍transmission 传递equator 赤道evolve 【生】进化形成skin 皮肤generation 代exposure 暴露fierce 强烈的ray 射线similar 相似的phenomenon 现象occur 出现nocturnal 夜间活动的active 活动daylight 日间search 寻找semidry 半干旱的bush 灌木scrub 矮树fur 皮毛strip 褪去chipmunk 花栗鼠blend in 使混在一起environment 环境intense 强烈的tropical 热带的separate 分开的safeguard 保护措施ultraviolet 紫外线的radiation 辐射region 地区melanin 【生化】黑色素layer 层tissue 组织skull 骨骼unique 独特的cap 帽子protection 保护rodent 啮齿类动物species 物种identify 识别bat 蝙蝠curl up 蜷缩classification 分类description 描述angiosperm 【植】被子植物seed 种子fruit 果实broadleaf 阔叶的category 种类pine 松树advice 忠告field study 野外考查in front of 在...前面notice 注意到black walnut 黑胡桃树plaque 牌匾identify 认出archway 拱道elm 榆树found 建立distinctive 特别的lopsided 不相称的unequal 不相等的wither 枯萎due to 由于affect 影响sick 生病cut down 砍倒wasp 黄蜂nest 巢solitary 【动】独居的social 【动】群居的mate 交配offspring 后代separate 分开的chamber 室individual 单独的mud 泥土handy 便于使用的community 团体maintain 维持fertile 成熟的queen 蜂后compartment 分割的空间defend 保卫stinger 刺paper 纸chew 咀嚼fiber 纤维cell 蜂房suspend 悬挂underground 地下的abandon 抛弃burrow 地洞arachnid 蛛形纲动物spider 蜘蛛unusual 不寻常的behavior 行为clutch 一窝eucalyptus 桉树species 种类insect 昆虫significantly 明显地fatten 喂肥extra 多余的store 存储prey 猎物nutrient 营养物unfertilized 未受精的hunt 捕食seep 渗入bloodstream 血液attach 附上joint 关节draw 汲取nourishment 营养suck 吮吸deplete 耗尽recall 回想起discussion 讨论evolutionary 进化的survive 存活cannibalism 同类相食ensure 确保gene 基因enter 进入advantage 优势natural habitat 自然环境grassland 草原kangaroo 袋鼠hop 跳跃conserve 保存energy 能量increase 提高speed 速度length 长度jump 跳跃rest 休息important 重要的sense 感觉independent 独立地forward 向前rear 向后eyesight 视力excellent 极好的vision 视力grazing 草原的especially 尤其detect 侦查movement 活动closely 仔细地joey 幼袋鼠peer 凝视pouch 育儿袋frog 青蛙colorful 颜色鲜艳的normally 通常definitely 的确。
关于托福听力必备词汇分类
【导语】准备托福听⼒时学⽣们都会⽐较关注TOEFL听⼒必备词有哪些?这些学⽣要分类记忆，同时也要熟悉答题步骤这样才能在答题时有条不紊，那么托福听⼒必备词汇有哪些?下⾯是分享的相关内容，欢迎阅读参考！ TOEFL听⼒必备词汇分类 必知词汇：跨专业学科通⽤词(包括常⽤动词、形容词、介词等) E.g.: relate, illustrate, positive, among 认知词汇：本专业学科常识词(包括话题范围内所有学科的基本名词和属性词) E.g.: marketing, finance, economics, predictable 选记词汇：各学科特定专有名词(⾮常识的术语、⼈名、地名，等) E.g.: ideomotor, Colossus of Rhodes, Emma Lazarus 托福听⼒答题步骤 解材料话题、预判材料范围、明确材料重点、掌握笔记⽅向、认真听取信息、快速概括记录、回忆材料⼤意、排除错误选项。
Lecture⾮⼀盘散沙，要听清楚层次。
⼀个层次的起始及结束(预测考题内容) 、考点间的切换，不漏题排除错误选项。
⼀篇⽂章四到五个层次居多。
Lecture重在必要学科词汇，轻⽣僻学科知识必要学科词汇⽣僻学科知识 另外，听⼒Lecture部分有六⼤出题原则需要知道： ①掐头去尾：开头30秒主要听主旨题，结尾30秒是结尾题。
②屏幕提⽰出题原则。
③师⽣互动会有⼀些出题原则 ④举例处会出题。
但不同于雅思，听到例⼦，马上要回想前⼏句话讲了什么原理或者某事物的特性。
⑤转折、对⽐处会有出题 ⑥详细解释处会有出题。
托福英语听⼒如何 任何英语的听⼒考试，想要，都必须回到最基本的条件就是⾸先要有好的听⼒基本功。
在此基础上，的确有⼀些教学机构会有不同的办法，或者说技巧帮助考试在你原有的⽔平上再加你发挥，多拿⼏分。
具体点说吧，⽐如说托福听⼒⼀共34道题，满分是30分。
你得有20分的基础，那些语⾔培训机构才有可能帮你在较短的时期内拿到25分左右。
托福听力重点词汇词组汇总整理
托福听力重点词汇词组汇总整理托福听力重点词汇词组汇总整理记住它们对话讲座都听懂托福听力重点词汇词组汇总一览1.a big shot = an important person 大腕儿，大亨2. a breath of fresh air 使人耳目一新的人3. Achilles’ heel 致命弱点;个性的瑕疵4. be all ears 洗耳恭听5. be all eyes 目不转睛6. a wet blanket 讨人嫌的人7. chip in = contribute money 捐献，集资8. sell like hot cakes = sell very well or very quickly 畅销9. get butterflies in one’s stomach = get nervous 紧张不安10. two thumbs up 举双手赞成11. be the apple of one’s eye = be very precious to sb. 非常珍贵12. pull one’ s leg = tease someone 开某人玩笑13. brea k one’ s back 辛勤工作14. twenty-four seven = 24 hours a day, 7 days a week = all the time 永远，一直15. go for a song = be sold very cheaply 贱卖16. bucket down = rain very heavily 瓢泼大雨17. backroom boys 幕后英雄18. below the mark = not measure up 不够水平，不合格19. beyond pare 绝佳的，最棒的20. break even 不赔不赚21. by the book 照章办事22. cast a cloud over 泼冷水，是蒙上阴影23. castles in the sky / air 空中楼阁24. as clear as a bell 非常清楚25. clear the air 消除误会26. e to terms 达成协议27. shed crocodile tears 假装哭泣，假慈悲28. cut corners 走捷径29. do’s and don’ts 行为规范30. face the music 面对现实31. fair and square 正大光明的32. first things first 先说重要的33. forgive and forget 尽释前嫌;握手言和34. get the ball rolling 使蓬勃发展35. a knockout 引人注目36. a man of few words 沉默寡言的人37. a rainy day 不如意的日子38. all thumbs 笨手笨脚的;一窍不通的39. ants in one's pants (skirt) 坐立不安40. as mod as sb. 与某人一样时髦41. at one's finger's tips 了如指掌42. at sixes and sevens 混乱的43. backseat driver 指手划脚的人44. bite one's head off 大发脾气45. black sheep 不孝子女46. blow one's top 怒发冲冠47. break one's neck 痛打一顿;拼命做某事48. break the ice 打破僵局;打破沉默49. bring down the house 掌声雷动50. burn a hole in one's pocket 花钱如流水51. buy your story 相信你的话52. call it a day 今天到此为止53. Capital idea 好主意54. cold fish 冷酷无情的人55. dark horse 黑马;冷门56. daylight robbery 价钱贵到离谱57. dear Jones letter 绝交信58. dirty dog 卑鄙小人59. eat one's words 承认错误60. every Tom, Dick and Harry 张三李四61. flat tire 没精打采62. from A to Z 从头到尾63. go on the horse 快一点吧64. God knows 天晓得65. gone with the wind 随风而逝66. good for nothing 毫无用处的67. Great minds think alike! 英雄所见略同。
托福听力分类词汇
分类词汇宇宙universe; cosmos 宇宙的universal(adj); Cosmic (ad 宇宙尘cosmic dust 宇宙万物cosmic inventory 天体celestial body 天体力学celestial mechanics; Mechanical astronomy 天体演化cosmogony 星系galaxy 河外星系extragalactic system 总星系met galaxy 银河系Galactic System; Milky Way 太阳系solar system 星际空间interstellar space 星团star cluster; Stellar cluster; stardust 星云nebula 星辰stars 小星starlet 恒星(fixed) star 彗星comet流星metro; Shooting/ falling star行星planet小行星minor planet; Asteroid; planetoid 卫星satellite 星尘dust类星体quasar; Quasi-stellar object (QSO) 发光的luminous 金星Venus 木星Jupiter 水星Mercury 火星Mars 土星Saturn 地球Earth 天王星Uranus 海王星Neptune 冥王星Pluto 太阳sun 太阳光谱solar spectrum 太阳光线sunray 太阳黑子spot; sun pot; macula 太阳粒子solar particle日蚀solar eclipse 日冕(solar) corona 太阳中心说helicocentricism 地球中心说geocentricism 月亮moon 满月full moon 新月crescent 月亮由亏转盈wax(v) 月亮由盈转亏wane(v) 环形山crater 月的，月球上的lunar 月蚀lunar eclipse 公转revolve;revolution 自转rotate; rotation 轨道orbit; orbital 黑洞black hole 真空vacuum 红外线infrared ray 辐射radiation 发射emit; emission 地壳crust 地幔mantle 地核core; earth 's core 半球semisphere; hemisphere 地球基本磁场fundamental magnetic; field of the earth 地球自转earth ratation 地球公转revolution of the earth 地球引力gravity; gravitation attraction 地震earthquake; seism; seismic 地震波seismic wave 南极the Antarctic Pole 北极the Arctic Pole 赤道the equator 热带地区tropics; tropical 温带temperate zone 寒带frigid zone; cold zone 经度longitude 经线meridian; warp 纬度latitude 纬线parallel; weft 地平线horizon 亚洲Asia 美洲America 非洲Africa 欧洲Europe 澳洲Australia大洋洲Oceania 大西洋the Atlantic 北冰洋the Arctic Ocean 太平洋the Pacific 地中海the Mediterranean (sea) 海的marine(adj); maritime; oceanic 边缘fringe; margin; periphery; verge 海峡straits; channel; fretum 海湾gulf; bay 岛island; isle 小岛islet 半岛peninsula 浮岛floating island 群岛archipelago 火山岛volcanic island 珊瑚岛coral island 板块plate 板块边缘plate margin 板块构造plate tectonics; raft tectonics 板块学说plate tectonics 板块假说plate hypothesis 板块碰撞plate collision板块运动plate motion; plate movement板块漂移plate drift大陆continent; continetal断裂rift; rent( 租)地形topography; landform; relief (feature); surface feature; terrain高地highland; upland; elevation; plateau平原plain; flatlands低地low; lowland 盆地basin; saucer; bowl 地上的，陆地的terrestrial 天上的，天体的celestial 地下的underground; subterranean 洞穴cave; cavity; chamber; crater 大山洞cavern山脉mountain range/ chain山脊ridge山谷，峡谷valley; mountain valley; canyon; dale; ravine; glen;gorge;gap山崖chiff峭壁barranca; precipice; steep 悬崖bluff; escarpment; scarp河流river; stream 溪brook; streamlet; rivulet 石头stone卵石，砾石pebble; rubble; debris; boulder 石灰石limestone 页岩shale 陨岩meteorite 花岗岩granite 大理石maeble 矿石mineral 翡翠jadeite 绿宝石emerald 红宝石ruby 珍珠pearl 宝石gem jewel 纹理grain纹理细腻的fine-grained 文理粗糙的coarse-grained 有线纹的line-grained 火山volcano 活火山active volcano 死火山extinctvolcano休眠火山dormant volcano火山口crater; volcanic cent; summit crater 火山锥cone 火山坑fine pit 火山腔体chamber 火山带volcanic belt 火山爆发volcanic eruption 火山沉淀volcanic deposit 火山尘volcanic dust 火山熔岩lava; slag 熔岩湖lave lake 熔岩瀑布lave cascade 熔岩丘lave dome 岩浆magma 冰山iceberg 冰河glacier 冰河时代glacier epoch 冰河学glaciology 冰河作用glaciation 汹涌，高涨surge 化学chemistry 成分composition; constituent; agent 物质substance; material元素element元素周期表periodic table; system of elements 化合物compround金属metal有色金属nonferrous metal铂（白金）platinum 银silver铜copper 铝aluminium锡tin 镍nickel锌zinc 钾potassium镁magnesium 铅lead钠calcium 汞mercury氢hydrogen 氧oxygen 氮nitrogen 氦helium 氨ammonia 碳carbon 硅silicon 硫sulfur 碘iodine分子molecule （摩尔）原子atom原子核nucleus 质子proton 中子neutron电子electron 离子ion 粒子particle 水蒸气water vapor 溶液solution 溶解dissolve; reslove 溶质solute; solvend 可溶的soluble 不可溶的insolublei 溶剂dissolvant; solvent resdvent 沉淀subside; deposit; precipitate 沉淀物subsidence; deposition; sediment;precipitate 凝结coagulate 浓缩condense; condensation饱和saturation; saturated 晶体crystal 结晶crystal 结晶作用crystallization 挥发volatillize; volatile 蒸发evaporate;evaporation 电解electrolyze电解槽electrolytic bath分解decompose腐烂decompose; rot; decaysedimentation; 物理physics 物理变化physical change 力学mechanics 光学optics 电学electricity 静电static electricity 摩擦rub; chafe 电流electric current 直流电direct current (DC) 交流电alternating current (AC) 直流电变压器direct-currenttrasformer 电路circuit(CKT); electric circuit 电荷electric charge; charge 电压electric tension; electric voltage 伏特voltage 导电体conductor 绝缘体insulator 半导体semiconductor 电池battery真空管vacuum tube; valve 晶体管transistor; crystal; valve 凸透镜convex lens 凹透镜concave lens 显微镜microscope 望远镜telescope 放大镜magnifier 光学纤维optical fiber 光谱spectrum 紫外线ultraviolet rays 红外线infra-red rays X 光纤Roentgen rays=X rays 透明的transparent 半透明的translucent 不透明的opaque 微波microwave 波峰wave crest; peak; ridge 波谷trough of wave; trough; valley 波长wavelength 频率frenguency; rate 媒质medium; media 震动vibrate; vibration回声echo 速度speed 速率velocity 加速度accelerated velocity 重力gravity引力gravitation attraction运动motion 移动lecomotion 惯性inertia 动量momentum 动力（学）的，运动的kinetic 运动摩擦kinetic friction冲量impulse势能potential energy阻力resistance; drag; drag force 空气阻力air resisitance; air friction 摩擦力friction （fiction 小说）歌剧opera 歌剧剧本libretto 乐队orchestra; band 乐队指挥conductor; bandmaster 合唱，合唱队chorus民乐folk song流行歌曲pop song; popular song 管弦乐string orchestra 交响乐symphony 爵士乐jazz声学acoustics 耳的，听觉的acoustic; aural; auditory 乐谱score; notation乐章movement 音符note曲调tune; melody; melodic音高pitch 节奏rhythm 节拍meter; beat 乐器musical instrument 合音，琴弦chord 拨弦乐器plucked instrument 打击乐器percussion instrument 弦乐器stringed instrument 喇叭，号bugle; trumpet; horn 大提琴cello 中提琴viola小提琴violin 同感sympathy 反感antipathy 通感empathy 森林forest 木材timber; lumber 风干，晒干(木材) season(v) 树冠canopy 树枝branch 大树枝limb 小树枝twig 树干trunk 树皮bark 树叶leaf; foliage 灌木bush; shrub; arbuscle 乔木arbor 柳树willow 松树pine 榆树elm 杉fir 雪松cedar 胡桃树walnut 阔叶树broadleaf 植被vegetation 苔藓moss; lichen 蕨类植物fern 被子植物angiosperm 花flower 果树的花blossom 草本植物的花bloom 花瓣petal 花叶floral leaf 花蜜nectar 花粉pollen 授粉pollinate; pollination 授粉者pollinator 芬芳fragrant; aroma; perfume 气味scent; odor 臭味stink; stench 茎stem;stalk 根茎rhizome 块茎tuber 球茎corn 受精fertilize杂交crossbreeding细胞cell细胞壁cell wall 细胞核nucleus; cell nucleus 细胞质cytoplasm 纤维素cellulose 叶绿素chlorophyll 光合作用photosynthesis 农业agriculture 农产品produce(n) 主要产物(或商品) staple 谷仓barn 梯田terrace 灌溉irrigate; irrigation 耕，犁plough;plow 铲shovel 镐pick(v); pickaxe(n) 镰刀sickle 碾子roller 磨mill(n/v); grind(v) 耕种，养殖cultivate(v); till(v) 收割reap;harvest; gather in收割机harvester; harvesting implements; reaper; reapingmachine 拖拉机tractor 打谷，脱粒thresh(v); thresher(n) 除草weeding; extirpate; weed; weed out (weeds) 杂草weeds; rank grass; hogweed 渠ditch; canal; channel 排水渠drainage ditch 肥料fertilizer; manure 农作物，庄稼crop 谷grain; cereal 小米，粟millet 小麦wheat 大麦barley 稻子rice; paddy 豆，蚕豆bean 大豆soybean 豌豆pea 玉米corn 棉花cotton 蔬菜vegetables 害虫pest; injurious/destructive insect杀虫剂insecticide; pesticide; insectifuge土地land; soil田地farmland; field麦田wheatland; wheat field犁沟furrow田埂ridge 耕地arable land 肥沃fertile(adj)贫瘠barren; infertile; impoverished; sterile干旱drought; arid; dry 干旱地区arid area牧场grazing land; pasture; meadow; ranch 种植园pkantation果园orchard草地grassland; meadow; lea 奶牛场dairy 家禽饲养场hennery 畜牧业animal/livestock husbandry 游牧的nomadic苗圃nursery干草(喂牲畜的)饲料hay; forage; silage; fodder 兽群herd家畜livestock 牛cattle 公牛ox; bull 母牛cow 奶牛dariy cattle 小牛calf 水牛water buffalo 牛棚cowshed 马horse 母马mare 小马pony 种马stallion; stu 马厩，马棚stable 马具harness 踢马刺spur 羊sheep 母羊ewe 山羊goat 小羊lamb 羊栏sheepcote 猪hog; pig; swine 母猪sow 公猪boar 小猪piglet 野猪wild boar 猪圈pigsty （猪等）同胎生下的小崽litter 狗dog 猎狗hunting dog; hound 小狗puppy 狗窝kennel 繁殖，饲养breed; rear 家禽fowl; domestic bird; domestic fowl 鸡chicken雏鸡chick; chicken 公鸡cock; rooster 母鸡hen 养鸡场chicken farm 鸡舍roost 鸭duck 公鸭drake 家/ 野鸭domestic/wild duck 母鸭duck 小鸭duckling鹅goose （a goose egg 被人打了一个包）一群鹅 a drove/ flock of geese 孵卵，孵化hatch; incubate; incubation; hover 蛋egg 蛋黄yolk 蛋青，蛋白albumen 蛋壳eggshell 哺乳动物mammal 脊椎动物vertebrate 无脊椎动物invertebrate 甲壳类的动物crustacean 节肢动物arthropod 节体动物articulate 啮齿动物rodent 爬行动物reptile 食腐动物scavenger 反刍动物ruminant 腔肠动物coelenterate 灵长目动物primate 软体动物mollusk 水生动植物aquatic 两栖动物/ 植物amphibian食草动物herbivore 食肉动物，食虫植物carnivore 纲class 目order 亚目suborder 科family (father and mother I love you) 属genus 种species 昆虫insect; worm 卵ovum; egg 幼虫larva; caterpillar 茧cocoon 颚，下巴jaw 上/ 下颚upper/cower jaw 蜕变transform 益虫usefull insect 触须vibrissa; smeller; tentacle 蛾moth 蚂蚁ant 白蚁termite 蜜蜂bee 蜂wasp蜂群swarms 毛虫caterpillar 蝗虫grasshopper; locust 蜘蛛spider; arachnid 蜘蛛网cobweb; web; spider web 群居social 独居solitary 鱼fish 鱼类触须barbell 鱼卵spawn 一群鱼 a school of fish 鲨鱼shark 鲸鱼whale 章鱼octopus 海参sea cucumber 海星starfish 海豚dolphin 鸟bird 鹪鹩（小型鸟的典型）wern 秃鹫（大型鸟的典型）condor 猛禽bird of prey 鹰eagle; falcon; hawk; kestrel; condor 鸵鸟ostrich 鹦鹉parrot 鸽子pigeon; dove 鸟嘴bill（水禽）；beak（猛禽）迁徙migrate 换毛molt 栖息perch 巢nest 栖息处roost; habitat （鸟）用嘴理（毛） preen 蔽身之处shelter 兽beast; animal 猛兽beast of prey 怀孕be/ become pregnant; conceive（adj）食肉动物predator 被捕食的动物prey 猿ape; orangutar; primate 猩猩chimp; chimpanzee; gorilla 狒狒baboon 猴monkey 类人猿anthropid 交配mating; copulation冬眠hibernation胎foetus; embryo 胎儿，幼儿infant 恐龙dinosaur 鱼龙ichthyosuar 翼龙pterosaur 始祖鸟archaeopteryx 化石fossil 考古学archaeology 人类学anthropology 人种学ethnology 原始人类hominid; primitive 微生物microbe 细菌bacterium (pl. bacteria) 病菌，病原体pathogen 真菌fungus (pl. fungi) 酵母菌yeast 霉菌mould/mold; mildew 蘑菇mushroom 酶enzyme 分泌secrete; ooze 寄生parasite(n/v); parasitic 共生symbiosis; symbiotic 免疫immune(adj); immunity(n) 过敏的hypersensitive 蛋白质protein 有机物organism 骨bone 骨骼skeleton 头骨skull; cranium; cranial 肋骨rib脊柱spinal columm; spine; backbone 脊髓spinal cord 骨髓marrow 神经nerve 脑神经cranial nerve 神经中枢nerve centre; nerve center 末梢神经nerve ending 肺lung 呼吸器官respirratory organ 肾kindney 肝liver 胃stomach 肠intestine消化系统digestive system 内分泌系统endocrine system 胰腺pancreas 腺gland; glandular 排泄系统excretory system 心脏heart; cardiac(n&adj) 静脉vein 动脉artery; arterial 血管blood vessel 毛细血管capillary(n/adj) 血浆blood plasma 红细胞red blood cell 白细胞leucocyte 血小板blood platelet 凝结coagulum (使)充血conqest(v); congestion 血液循环blood circulation 组织tissue 器官organ 肌肉muscle 腹腔abdominal cavity 腹abdomen胸chest 胸腔thorax 唾液saliva 汗sweat 尿urine 排泄excrete; excretion 呕吐vomit(n/v) 屁fart(n/v) 免疫系统immunesystem 免疫性immunity 脂肪fat 脂类lipid 蛋白质protein 维生素vitamin 营养nutrition; nutritional 营养不良undernutrition 热量amount of heat 卡路里calorie 热度计calorimeter 温度计thermometer 摄氏温度centigrade 摄氏的Celsius 华氏温度计Fahrenheit 微风breeze; gust 台风，飓风typhoon; Hurricane 旋风，龙卷风whirlwind; Tornado; cyclone 暴风squall; Storm 对流，上升气流convection 细雨，毛毛雨drown; Drizzle 滴，流trickle; Drip; dribble 倾注shower 倾盆大雨downpour 阵雨shower 暴风雨tempest 雨滴droplet; Dew 霜frost 雾fog (mist) 雹，冰雹hail 雪花snowflake 晶体crystal 潮湿的damp; Moist; humid 干燥的dry; Arid 温暖的warm; Cozy 寒冷的cold; Frigid; chill; chilly; icy 多雨的rainy 多风的windy 多云的cloudy 大楼mansion 公寓apartment 庄园manor 教学大楼hall 建筑群complex 摩天大厦skyscraper 小教堂chapel 大教堂cathedral 草坪lawn; Sward 人造喷泉fountain 入口doorway; Entrance; entry 走廊corridor; Hallway; passage; passageway; vestibule 大厅hall; Lobby; foyer; antechamber 横梁span 拱顶arch; Arc; vault 天井，院子patio 露台，阳台balcony 地窖crypt; Pit; basement 厨房kitchen窗帘curtain 壁架ledge 小屋，帐篷lodge 垫子mat; Pad; cushion 教学mathematics 代数algebra 线性代数linear algebra 几何integral 积分integral 微积分calculus 统计statistics 概率probability 概率论probability theory 函数function 角angle 内角interior angle 外角exterior angle 锐角acute angle 钝角obtuseangle 三角形triangle 不等边三角形scalene triangle 等边三角形equilateral triangle等腰三角形isosceles triangle 直角三角形right-angled triangle; Right triangle 矩形，长方形rectangle(n); Rectangular (ad) 对称的symmetry(n); Symmetrical 左右对称的bilateral symmetry 四边形quadrilateral; Tetragonal; quadrangle 正方形square 平行四边形parallelogram 平行线parallel 五边形pentagon 五角星five-angle star 梯形trapezoid 四面体tetrahedron 六面体hexahedron 立方体cube 多面体polyhedral; Polyhedron;polypore 柱状体column 锥体pyramids; Pyramid; cone; taper 球体sphere; Spheroid; spherule; spherical; orb 圆round; Circular; spherical 半圆semicircle椭圆ellipse; Ellipsoid 直径diameter; Dam 半径radius; Semi diameter 周长circumference; Perimeter 面积area 体积volume 曲线curve 线性linear 螺旋spiral; Helix; screw 交通transportation 马车cart; Carriage; wagon; coach; stagecoach 火车train 货运列车freight 擦嘎声chug 站台station; Platform 交通工具vehicle (有轨)电车trolley 通勤commute(n/v) 港口port; Harbor 运河canal船只boat; Ship; craft; barge; canoe 船桨paddle 小桨scull灯塔beacon 公路highway 收税高速公路turnpike 枢纽pivot(n/ad); Hub 腹地，内地hinterland (pl. 穷乡僻壤) 驿站stage; Post 边界贸易站fort 市场market; Marketplace 博览会fair; Exhibition; exposition 日用品commodity 商品merchandise; Product 货物goods 船货cargo 易货交易barter 小贩peddler; Vendor 零售retail 零售商retail trader; Dealer 批发wholesale 批发商wholesaler; Merchant 进口import 出口export 关税tariff征收（税金，罚款）levy 联合抵制（货物等）boycott （商业）风险投资venture 企业家entrepreneur 企业enterprise 产业industry 城市的urban 乡下的rural 首都metropolis; Capital 首都的metropolitan（ad）城市city 集合城市conurbation 市的，都市的，市营的municipal 自治区，自治市，市政府municipality 城市居民urbanite 城市的，市民的，公民的civic 一块地lot; Plot （阴谋）平民civilian 居民resident; Inhabitant; citizen; dweller 下水道，排水设施，排水系统drainage; Sewerage 公共卫生sanitation 公共设施public utilities 住处department; Quarter; tenement留宿accommodate房客tenant房东land lord租约lease房租rent收据receipt地区，区域district; Ward; area; region 手工艺handicraft手工艺人craftsman; Artisan手工艺品arties of handcraft art; Handicrafts 学徒apprentice; Trainee 制造fashion; Create; produce 炉stove; Furnace; oven 窑kiln锻造forge; Smiting; hammering; blacksmithing铁匠blacksmith银匠silversmith铜匠coppersmith木匠carpenter小贩peddler; Vendor碟子，盘子dishes 碗bowls 烧水用的水壶kettle 盆basin; Tub; pot 桶barrel; Bucket; pail 小桶keg 便桶commode 痰盂cuspidors 罐jar; Jug; pot; tank; tin 容器vessel 凿子chisel 钻子drill; Auger 钳子pincers; Pliers; tongs 刨子plane 刨plane; Shave 钉子nail; Tack 拔除钉子draw/pull out a nail 把钉子敲进去drive/hammer/knock in a nail 粘glue; Stick; paste 凸bulge 凸出project; Protrude 凹concave(ad/n); Dented (ad) 雄榫，榫舌tongue; Tendon纺spin; reel 织knit; Weave 纺织品textile 织物woof; Fabric; texture; drip 拼织物mosaic 亚麻羊毛交织物linsey-woolsey 羊毛wool 亚麻flax粗布coarse cloth; Homespun cloth 织布机loom 皮革，革制品leather 绳rope 钢丝绳steel cable 麻绳hemp rope 细绳string 细线，棉纱，纤维thread; Filament; yarn; strand 纤维fiber（制陶）转盘，纺车wheel 卷轴，（线，铁丝，胶片，纸）一卷reel; Coil 蚕丝，丝，绸，绢，缎silk 织物上纵方向的纱或线warp 织物上横方向的纱或线weft陶器pottery; Earthward; ware制陶术ceramics 陶工potter 壶，瓶，罐pot 粘土clay 粗陶，瓷器stoneware 土器，陶器earthward 红土陶red ware 釉料，上光料glaze 抛光finish 揉，捏knead 模子mold 质地texture 炉stove; Furnace; oven 窑kiln 泥釉slip 色素pigment 清漆varnish 雕塑（术）sculpture 雕刻家sculptor 浮雕relief 雕刻，刻carve; Engrave（图案的）基本花纹motif 图案design 画像，雕像icon 画师，画匠limner 鉴定家，行家connoisseur 资助人patron 支援，保护，赞助patronage 文艺复兴renaissance 评论家，鉴定家critic 激进主义radicalism 保守主义conservatism 怀疑论者doubter 不可知论者agnostic 不信教的人，野蛮人，异教徒infidel 异教徒，邪教徒pagan 怀疑基督教/ 真理/宗教教条，无神论者愤世嫉俗者cynic 愤世嫉俗的cynical 无政府主义anarchism君主制monarchy 宪法constitution 立法legislationskeptic民主党the Democrats 共和党the Republicans 国会congress联邦政府federal government 美国独立战争AmericanRevolution; Independent war 美国内战the Civil War美国大萧条时期the Great Depression移民immigrant 移居者migrant 侨民emigrant 殖民者colonist大多数majority 少数派minority 祖先ancestors; Forefathers; progenitor; forbears 后代descendant; Successor; offspring;progeny; inheritor; 子女offspring; Issue 血统lineage; Ancestry;root 传统tradition; Heritage; custom 进化evolve; Evolution 适应adapt; Adaptation 生存survive; Survival适者生存survival of the fittest 濒临灭绝的动物endangeredanimals 灭绝extinction; Extinct 生态系统ecosystem 小生境heir niche 植物群flora 动物群fauna 生物多样性biological diversity食物链food chain 保护，保护森林/ 河道conservation 禁猎区preserve 温室效应greenhouse effect 臭氧层ozone layer 紫外辐射ultraviolet radiation 污染pollute; Pollution; contaminate; contamination 污染物pollutant 有毒的poisonous; Noxious; toxic废物rubbish; Waste 废料的处理the disposal of waste material噪音noise 噪音污染sound pollution 分贝decibel。
托福听力分科词汇
听力分科词汇（熟悉读音）第一类动物学ZoologyPrimate 灵长类Rodent 啮齿类Vertebrate 脊椎动物Invertebrate 无脊椎动物Reptile 爬行动物Amphibian 两栖动物Carnivore 食肉动物Carnivorous 食肉类的Herbivore 食草动物Omnivore 杂食动物Homoiotherm 恒温动物Poikilotherm 变温动物；冷血动物Tissure 组织Organ 器官Liver 肝Lung 肺Kidney 肾Front/back/rear legRespiratory system 呼吸系统Reproductive system 生殖系统Nerve system 神经系统Immune system 免疫系统Endocrine system 内分泌系统Excretory system 排泄系统Circulatory system 循环系统Blood vessel 血管Vein 静脉Artery 动脉Membrane 隔膜；细胞膜Compound 复眼Sloth 树懒Bat 蝙蝠Dolphin 海豚Turtle 绿毛龟Penguin 企鹅Phylum 门——class 纲——order 目——family 科——species 种Adder 小毒蛇Alge (复数algae)Anatomy 解剖学Anthropoid 类人猿Aquatic 水生的Armor 甲Asymmetric 不对称Baboon 狒狒Alligator 美洲鳄Ancestry 系谱；血统Animal cognition 动物的认知能力Antenna（复数antennae）触须Aquarium 养鱼池Arachnid 节肢动物Auk 海雀Beaver 水懒Biological vacuum 生物演变真空期Bivalve 双壳类Brant 黑雁Breed n.品种v.繁殖Burrow 洞穴Buffalo 美洲野牛Canary 金丝雀Carrion crow 吃腐肉的乌? Caterpillar 毛虫Caviar 鱼子酱Centipede 蜈蚣Chameleon 变色龙Chemical composition 化学成分Chimpanzee 黑猩猩Chipmunk 花栗鼠Chirp 叽叽喳喳叫Cicada 蝉Clam 蛤蜊Claw 爪子Cobra 眼镜蛇Cockroach 蟑螂Cocoon 蚕茧Coelenterate 腔肠动物Cricket 蟋蟀Darwinism 达尔文学说Degeneration 退化Digestive enzyme 消化酶Domesticate 驯养Echolocation 声波定位Entomology 昆虫学Fauna 动物群Fertilize 受精Genus 种类Grasshopper 蚂蚱Gregarious 群居的Hatch 孵化Herd 兽群Heredity 遗传Hibernation 冬眠Hormone 荷尔蒙Ingestion 摄食Insecticide 杀虫剂Larva 幼虫（复数larvae）Mandible 下颚Metamorphosis 变形Lizard 蜥蜴Mate 交配Mollusk 软体动物Monogamous 一雄一雌的Mutation 变种Offspring 后代Order 目Ornithology 鸟类学Oyster 牡蛎Paleontology 古生物学Parasite 寄生虫Polyandrous 一雌多雄的Prairie dog 草原犬鼠Rattlesnake 响尾蛇Regeneration 再生Rhinoceros 犀牛Ruminant 反刍动物Salamander 蝾螈Scale 鳞片Scuba 水下呼吸器Secretion 分泌Solitary 独居的Spawn 卵；产卵Spine 脊骨Spleen 脾Squid 鱿鱼Symbiosis 共生现象symbiotic 共生的Symmetry 对称Tentacle 触须Venom 毒液第二类植物学BotanyFoliage 叶子Stem 茎Trunk 树干Branch 树枝Bark 树皮Bud 花蕾Nectar 花蜜Moss 苔类Herb 草本类Fern 蕨类Fungus 菌类Hybrid 杂交植物Phobia 恐性Hydro-phobia 狂犬病Petal 花瓣Chlorophyll 叶绿素Stamen 花蕊Jasmine 茉莉Peony 牡丹Orchid 兰花Lotus 莲花Plum 梅花；李子第三类生物、微生物学Biology and Micro-biology Amino acid 氨基酸Antibody 抗体Biotical agency 生物媒介Calcium 钙Carbon dioxide 二氧化碳Carbohydrate 碳水化合物Chromosome 染色体Disinfection 消毒Enzymes 酵母Fatigue （组织、器官等对刺激失去反应能力的）疲劳Fermentation 发酵Fungus 真菌Glucose 葡萄糖Immunology 免疫学Incubation 孵蛋Malaria 疟疾；瘴气Microorganism 微生物Microscopic 精微的Nucleus 细胞核Oxidation 氧化Parasitic disease 寄生虫病Pathogen 病菌Penicillin 青霉素Sanitation 卫生Schistosomiasis 血吸虫病Sterilization 杀菌Toxin 毒素Vaccine 疫苗Yeast 酵母第四类人类学与考古学Anthropology and archeology Excavate 挖掘excavation 出土Relics 文物古迹Stone Age 石器时代Iron Age 黑铁时代Bronze Age 青铜时代Neolithic 新石器时代Mesolithic 中石器时代Paleolithic 旧石器时代Matriarchy 母系氏族Patrilineal 父系氏族Pottery 陶Ancient civilization 古代文明Antique 古董Archaic 古老的Artifact 人造物品Ascend 攀登Chronological 按年代排序的Clan 氏族Cranial 颅骨的Cultural relics 文物Exhume 掘出Hominid 原始人类Porcelain 瓷器Prehistoric 史前的Primitive 原始的Scoop 铲子Skull 头骨Tribe 部落第五类地理地质学Geography and geology美国五大湖：Huron 休伦湖Ontario 安大略湖Michigan 密歇根湖Erie 伊利湖Superior 苏比利尔湖Extinct volcano 死火山active volcano 活火山dormant 休眠火山Erupt 火山爆发eruption 爆发Magma 岩浆lava 岩浆Crater 火山口Core 地核Crust 地壳Mantle 地幔Layer/stratum 地层South Pole 南极North Pole 北极Antarctic 南极的Antarctica 南极洲Arctic 北极的Aurora 极光Equator 赤道Longitude 经度Latitude 纬度Altitude 海拔the Tropic of Cancer 北回归线the Tropic of Capricorn 南回归线Glacier 冰川Ice berg 冰山Seismology 地震学seismic waves 地震波Magnitude 震级Epicenter 震中Basin 盆地Plane 平原Plateau 高原Low land 低地Arm/gulf/bay 海湾the Great Salt Lake 大盐湖Yellowstone National Park 黄石公园Grand Canyon 大峡谷the Dead Valley 死谷Arid 干旱的Canal 运河Cleft 缝隙Cliff 悬崖Continental drift 大陆漂移Continental shelf 大陆架Contour 轮廓；等高线Cosmopolitan 世界性的Crack 裂缝Crest 山顶Debris 碎片Demolish 破坏；粉碎Deposit 堆积物；沉积物Diffuse 传播；扩散Disintegration 分解Elevation 抬高；高地Endemic 风土的；地方的Evaporation 蒸发Expedition 探险Extract 开采Fault plane 断层面Fieldstone 卵石Frost heaving 冻胀现象Geothermal 地热的Gorge 峡谷Hemisphere 半球Igneous rock 火成岩Incandescent 白炽的Infertile 贫瘠的Insular 海岛Insulate 隔离Ledge 矿脉Margin 边缘Marine 航海的Meridian 子午线Navigation 航海的Oasis 绿洲Offshore 离岸的Parallel 纬线Peninsula 半岛Precipice 悬崖Salinity 盐度Sediment 沉淀物Smelt 冶炼Strait 海峡Subsidiary 辅助的；补充的Subterrane 表层下基岩subterranean 地下的Tectonics 构造学Temperate 温带的Terrain 地形Terrestrial 地球的；陆地的Terrestrial magnetism 地磁Topography 地形；地形学Tropic 热带的Aluminum 铝Bonanza 富矿带Fault 断层Geologic survey 地质调查Geomagnetism 地磁学Granite 花岗岩Jurassic period 侏罗纪时期Landlocked area 内陆Lead 铅Limestone 石灰岩Lithosphere 岩石圈Lower reach 下游Metamorphic rock 变质岩Nickel 镍Northern Hemisphere 北半球Petrify 石化Platinum 白金；铂Quartz 石英Ravine 峡谷Reclaim 开垦Sedimentary rock 沉积岩Seismic prospecting 地震勘探Seismograph 地震仪Sodium 钠Speculate 推测Swamp 沼泽Sulfur 硫磺Tributary 支流Tropical rain forest 热带雨林Vertical 垂直的Watershed 分水岭Zinc 锌第六类法学Law庭审的三种方式：trial=prosecution 审判（private/public）、arbitration 仲裁、hearing 听证会Defendant 被告Prosecutor 刑事原告Plaintiff 民事原告Cop 警察Attorney 律师Judge 法官Suit 上诉Appeal 申诉appealent 申诉人Aerdict 陪审团意见Judgement 二审最终结果Jury panel 陪审团Capital punishment 极刑Sentence 刑期第七类商科Business and economyCompete competition competitorFree/pure compete 自由竞争Monopolistic compete 垄断竞争Supply and demand 供求Surplus 盈余Deficit 赤字run in redBoycott 联合抵制Devaluation 贬值Bubble economy 泡沫经济GDP gross domestic product 国内生产总值GNP gross national product 国民生产总值CPI consumer price index 消费价格指数Anti-dumping 反倾销Revenue/duty/tax 税收The federal 美联储Marketing: do market research (segmentation 市场细分/high-eral/low-eral) Sales: pre-sales after-sales第八类文学LiteratureRealism 现实主义Surrealism 超现实主义Modernism 现代主义Postmodernism 后现代主义Romance of three kingdoms 三国演义Red dreams of mansion 红楼梦Western journey 西游记Outlaws of marsh 水浒传Biography 传记文学Autobiography 自传Essay 杂记Prose 散文Epic 史诗Criticism 文学评论Thriller 恐怖小说Detective story 侦探小说Novel/fiction（虚构的）小说Editorial 社论的Leading character 主人公Legend 传说Proverb 谚语Schools of literature 文学流派第九类艺术Music Accompaniment 伴奏Aestheticism 唯美主义Allegory 寓言Ballad 民谣Epilogue 尾声Serenade 小夜曲Sonata 奏鸣曲Symphony 交响乐Time 节拍Architecture 建筑Art gallery 美术馆Autograph 真迹Calligraphy 书法Cathedral 大教堂Imitating 临摹Impressionistic style 印象派风格Landscape painting 山水画Mosque 清真寺Panorama 全景画Perspective 透视画法Portrait 肖像画Sketch 素描The statue of liberty 自由女神像The triumphal arch 凯旋门第十类哲学Philosophy Socrates 苏格拉底Plato 柏拉图Aristotle 亚里士多德The republic 理想国The law 法律Idealism 唯心主义Materialism 唯物主义Ration 理性emotion 感性第十一类气象学Meteorology Formation 形成Hail 冰雹Atmosphere 大气层Stratosphere 平流层Troposphere 对流层Current-air 气流Mass 气团warm/coldVapor 蒸汽evaporate 蒸发Droplet 小水珠Ice crystal 冰晶体Stratum 地层Updraft air 上升气流Downdraft air 下沉气流Temperate zone 温带Tropical 热带Frigid 寒带亚前加sub~Dew 露珠Mist 薄雾Drizzle 毛毛雨Avalanche snow 雪崩Tornado 龙卷风Blizzard 暴雪Tsunami 海啸Balmy 温和的Barometer 气压计Convection 对流Cumulonimbus 积雨云Damp 潮湿的Devastation 破坏Downpour 倾盆大雨Humidity 湿度Monsoon 季风Precipitation 降水Tempest 暴风雨Tepid 微温的Torrential rain 暴雨Tropical depression 热带低气压Typhoon 台风Wind scale 风级Wind velocity 风速第十二类天文学Astronomy Comet 彗星Star 恒星Planet 行星Mercury 水星Venus 金星Mars 火星Jupiter 木星Saturn 土星Uranus 天王星Neptune 海王星Pluto 冥王星Planet solar system 太阳系Asteroid belt 小行星带Meteor 流星Rotation 自转Revolution 公转Galaxy 银河Light year 光年Constellation 星座Sign 属相Orbit 轨道Astrology 占星术Ammonia 氨Astronaut 宇航员Astronomical object 天体Big dipper 北斗七星Celestial 天上的celestial body 天体Centrifugal force 离心力Centripetal force 向心力第十三类生理学PhysiologyNeutron nerve cell 神经元细胞Conduct bioelectricity 传导生物电Gliacell 胶质细胞：support neutron、conduct chemistryNuclear 细胞核Cytoplasm 细胞质Membrane 细胞膜Cell-wall 细胞壁Enzyme 酶Chromosome 染色体Gene mutation 基因突变Mutation of species 物种突变第十四类物理、化学和农业Physics、Chemistry and Agriculture Element table 元素周期表Platinum 铂金Aluminum 铝Lead 铅Nickel 镍Magnesium 镁Sodium 钠Uranium 铀Calcium 钙Mercury 水银Oxygen 氧Nitrogen 氮Ammonia 氨Silicon 硅Sulfur 硫Atom 原子Molecule 分子Nuclear 核Proton 质子Neutron 中子Electron 电子Particle 粒子Acceleration 加速度Acceleration of gravity 重力加速度Acoustics 声学Anode 正极Cathode 负极Combustion 燃烧Conservation of energy 能量守恒Decomposition 分解Dilution 稀释Distillation 蒸馏Electrode 电极Fluorescence 荧光Inorganic chemistry 无机化学Isotope 同位素Magnet 磁铁Mechanics 力学Newton’s laws of motion 牛顿运动定律Optics 光学Reagent 试剂Reduction 还原Reflection 反射Refraction 折射Resonance 共振Solution 溶液Test tube 试管Ultrasonic 超声波Ultraviolet ray 紫外线Uniform motion 匀速运动Voltage 电压Aquaculture 水产业Arable 可耕的Conservatory 温室Fertile 肥沃的Fodder 饲料Garlic 大蒜Granary 谷仓Graze 放牧Haystack 干草堆Horticulture 园艺Husbandry 管理Hydroponics 水耕法Indigenous 本土的Livestock 家畜Orchard 果园Plantation 种植园Prolific 多产的Silt 淤泥Tractor 拖拉机。
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托福阅读、听力词汇分类总结EDUCATIONSchoolingkindergarten primary primary-school elementary elementary-school secondary secondary-school university college normal-university key-university comprehensive comprehensive-university technical technical-school vocational vocational-certificate organization union the-students'-union canteenuniversity-medical-service campus campus-clinic auditorium library laundry dormitory laboratory semester option course counsel counseling-center remediation classmate monitor genial fatherly supervise exalt praise supplicated follow imitate exhibit attend administrate graduate postgraduate doctor specialized principle textbook video lecture recite pronounce repetition imitation compose repeatSubjectscompulsory compulsory-course mandatory mandatory-subject mathematics physics chemistry biology politics history geography P.E. geology literature science sociology philosophy psychology engineering medicine astronomy economics law finance architecture ethnology botany zoologyMathematicsmathematician arithmetic calculation calculator abacus numeral sum aggregate fraction decimal decimal-fraction decimal-point digit percentage addition plus subtraction minus minus-sign multiplication multiplication-table multiply power square division divide algebra equation formula root geometry geometric dimension parallel parallel-lines quadrilateral area rectangle polygon cube volume circle ellipse oval cone circumference diameter radius triangle angle degree differential calculus differential-calculus integral-calculus function probability statistics quantitative deduction inference inductionPhysics mechanics acoustics electromagnetism optics dynamics force velocity acceleration equilibrium motion inertia gravitation relativity gravity vibration media frequency wavelength pitch intensity echo resonance sonar electricity static static-electricity magnetism magnet electromagnet magnetic magnetic-fieldelectric-current direct-current alternating-current electric-circuit electric-charge electric-voltage electric-shock electric-appliance conductor insulator semiconductor battery cell dry-battery storage-battery electronics electronic electronic-component integrated circuit integrated circuit chip electron-tube vacuum vacuum-tube transistor amplification amplify oscillation optical optical-fiber lens convex concave microscope telescope magnifier spectrum ultraviolet x-rays gamma-rays infrared-rays microwaves transparent translucent opaqueChemistrychemical property chemical-property chemical-composition chemical-makeup agent chemical-agent chemical-reaction chemical-change bond chemical-bond apparatus substance matter material element periodic periodic-table hydrogen oxygen nitrogen helium carbon calcium silicon sulfur iodine compound hydrocarbon derivative alchemy petroleum petroleum-products crude-oil refine gasoline methane solution dissolve solvent solubility cohesion adhesion atom nucleus electron neutron proton molecule particle particle-accelerator ion catalysis catalyst artificial synthetic synthetic-fiber polymer polymerization plastic dyeInfant Educationinfant immature na?ve curious inquisitive emulate slothful ignorant selfish shortsighted self-centered bias naughty diffident dependent self-respect self-control allowance social interpersonal rational moral attain preference foster interact behavior blame mental intellectual potential agile creative intellect imagination activity clumsy stimulate respond puzzle distract nature leadLIVING ORGANISMHuman Evolutionera Eolithic Neolithic tribe hominid primate chimp ape gorilla anthropoid caveman dweller skeleton molar intelligence transition mutation resemble capacity capability specimen coexist famine originate homogeneousclan stone-ageiron-age Paleolithic Mesolithic cranialLaboring Activitiesdig spade shovel furrow pluck pioneer develop pick cultivate spear club defensive rough sharpen hunt grab poultry tame domesticate slaughter fatigue workable inventive facility tackle net handmade maintain apprentice blacksmith silversmith reposeHuman Body Structureskull brain forehead eyebrow eyelid eyelash eye ear cheek mouth lip tongue tooth chin neck throat shoulder wrist elbow finger thumb chest heart intestine liver kidney stomach lung belly waist hip spine knee shin heel toe thigh ankleAnimal Speciesmarine aquatic dolphin seal selfish crab prawn lobster terrestrial mammal chimpanzee reindeer zebra amphibian bat bedbug beetle spider firefly dragonfly rooster dove kingfisher swallow eagle nightingale peacock penguin woodpeckerBody Structure of Animalsbeak wing feather limb talon fell fur hoof horn breast flank paw fin gill tentacle antenna claw ventral abdomenInhabitinghabitat continent rainforest Antarctic Arctic burrow cave cavern den grassland honeycomb lair nest nestle perch roost menagerie pigpen pigsty pond fishbowlHabits and Characteristics truculent feral ferocious fiendish fierce combative cultivated meek tractable docile timid cunning gregarious hive herbivorous carnivorous omnivorous nocturnal ecdysisBreeding and Migrationinbreeding mate copulate multiply propagate multiply propagate reproduce crossbreed thoroughbred pregnant childbearing parturition calf offspring whelp runt mature migrate immigratePlant Speciesazalea peony lotus orchid daffodil gardenia laurel bush shrub evergreen cypress willow holly ivy olive scrub palm oak elm aspen pine bamboo cotton reed straw hay tissue spore bean cabbage carrot cauliflower cress cucumber eggplant garlic oat onion pea peanut potato pumpkin radish tomato almond cherry coconut grape lemon mango peach pear pineapple strawberry walnut watermelonPlant Cultivationgreen finger gardener planter peasant crop breed harrow plough hoe graft implantation muck manure hose irrigate drain scissor trim weed mow fertilize pesticide harvest reapPlant Growthseed sprout bud germinate bloom pollen petal calyx corolla fragrant florescence blossom blown wither shrivel wilt defoliate blight decompose rot perish putrefy toxin stalk stem trunk parasite transplant transpiration photosynthesis respiration fertilizer lush thrive ripe proliferous pullulatePlant Colorsviolet lavender mauve purple magenta rosy sanguine scarlet reddish pink ivory milky jade verdant maize yellowish golden maroon chocolate sandy brown grizzle indigo azure palePlant Applicationbouquet perfume garland wreath beautify textile horticulture carpenter charcoal nutriment honey brew popcorn yogurt beverage wineASTRONOMY AND GEOGRAPHYHeavenly Bodiescosmos milky-way galaxy constellation interstellar luminary celestial solar nova supernova stellar cynosure shooting-star comet nucleus quasar sidereal starletplanet planetary Venus Mars Saturn Mercury Jupiter asteroid lunarAstronomical Phenomenachromosphere aureole eclipse eyewitness fantastic sunset sunglow impact polychrome aurora zenith solstice nebula meteorite meteor sunspot weightlessness revolution rotation phase crescent coincidence tide astronomer drift float horizon axis sphereAstronomical Technologyastronaut cosmonaut spacecraft shuttle hatch spacesuit rocket satellite controller instrument module cabinet prototype radar screen screw experimental maiden unmanned liftoff launch eject kindle insulation sacrifice shock synchronous deploy accelerate fuel observe base planetarium observatory astrolabe sundial almanac astrology horoscope magnetosphere orbit globe aerospace atmosphere light-year mission probe explodeTopographies and Landformsterrain physiognomy alpine barren bluff cliff cape crest bog marsh moorland canyon valley cavern cove foothill highland plateau tableland upland terrace meadow oasis peninsula plain prairie reef iceberg volcano crater slope tributary downstream deltaRocks and Minerals mineral ore basalt bauxite crystal diamond dripstone emerald flint gem granite jade lime marble mineral-deposit moonstone opal quartz ruby turquoise spa bedrock gravel boulder cobble pebble coalmine lode quarry prospecting dowseGeographical Phenomenabackwash cascade convection debris-flow erosion soil-erosion landslide rupture sediment weathering circulation erupt dormant collide deposit scour alluvialClimatemonsoon subtropics subtropical littoral continental coastal oceanic Mediterranean moisture humid grassy drought arid semiarid seasonal annual variable globalregional abnormality abominable disgusting wicked wile execrable delightful pleasant temperate polarWeatherforecast weather-forecast predict blizzard drizzle downpour sleet raindrop intermittent freakish barometric scale subzero frost icicle flake chilly icyfrigid dew hail lightning fog thunder moderate violent squall trade breeze gale cyclone hurricane typhoon tornado headwind gusty flood tsunami smoky muggy sultry scorching smotherGeographic Terminologyequator meridian latitude longitude perigee torrid tropical macroclimate continental-shelf oceanic-trench glacial megarelief mollisol permafrost migration markstone vegetation humidity multimeter multisensor nephograph nonius pantograph pedometer penetrometer perforatorLiving Environmentbiosphere ecosystem environment fauna fenland flora mountainous preservereciprocal reserve settlement tropic wetland zonePollution infrared ultraviolet radiation ozone ozone-layer noxious toxic waste solid-waste sewage-disposal purification decibel dump ecologist rain-forest food-chain pollution-free pollutant acid acid-rain carcinogen contamination pollute pollution discharge disposable drainage effluent leakage sewage emission greenhouse-effect radioactive misshapen exhaust fume spit junk litter trash lumber overexploitation exhaustion abate shortage desertification destruction deterioration endangered disaster hazardous red-tide sandstormEnvironmental Protection Measuresadministration convention declaration awareness obligation penalty propagandize utilization afforestation windbreak greening landscaping green-industry protection conservation decontaminate purifier disposal filtration separator dike landfill biodegradable degradable environment-friendly economization recovery sustainable recycle recyclable renewableSCIENTIFIC RESEARCHArcheologyruin remains relic antique antiquity archeologist excavation excavate unearth artifact archaeology acclimate accustom adapt adjust ancient biological degenerate evidence evolution evolve extinct fossil gene genetic gradual inheritance maladaptive optimization origin procedure species supersede survive variationTechnological Productiondigital device monitor sensor scanner laptop LCD processor hardware cableinterface software operating-system network homepage multi-media download password accessory portableApplication and Developmentinnovation computerize internet log-on log-off hyperlink online memory decipher commercial profitable automatic intricate substitute technology robot impact overthrowInvention and Creationcreate creation invent invention devise contrive originate originality patent multifunction apply necessity advanced profit valuableENTERPRISETradesagriculture fishery butchery manufacture masonry joinery lumbering glazing mining shipbuilding aviation utilities journalism insurance tourism retailing advertising moonlighting intermediary underwriter hairdressing textile hosieryModern Agricultureagricultural silt cold agrarian pilot rural idyllic irrigation farm-animal farm-car farm-crane farm-product farm-vehicle farm-working farming farming-season autarkic tractor combine cowboy ranch cross pasture contract mechanize smallholder pastoral graze nomadicEnterprise Classificationventure joint-venture enterprise SOE FOE Sino-foreign-joint-ventures cartel combine conglomerate cooperative corporation lose-making profit-making public-institutionCompetitionopponent rival respectable admirable upright appreciate sportsmanship impartial unjust inimical vilify befoul telltale skullduggery malign underestimate undercut outbid promotion appraise debt bankruptImport and Export importation exportation commerce transaction rebate purchase bulk bulk-sale distribution hire-purchase installment installment-plan dispute consultation mediation tariff delivery transit warehouse endorse receipt clearance liquidation dumping anti-dumping barrier trade-barrier domestic external overseasProducts and Servicescommodity merchandise appliance utensil machinery component assemble condiment confectionery cosmetic dairy feedstuff mobile telecommunication electronic energy-saving glassware porcelain headwear household logistic stationeryAdvertising and Publicizingadvertisement brand communication target consumer customer persuasion cognition motivation marketing brainwash promote model strategy popularity magnify exaggerate impact irreplaceable irresponsible nonprofit leaflet tract junk-mail billboard posterCommercial Policyconvention alliance policy implement bilateral mutual mutually recognition abide negotiate repeal countervail violate undermine elimination liberalization beneficial intransigence economic operational investment guarantee propertyCommercial OrganizationsWTO IMF CTG EFTA AFTA JCCT NAFTA UNCTAD GATTPrice and Insuranceduty customs charge freight due commission surcharge import-surcharge allowance damage variable import-variable-duties FOB net capital fund retail retail-price wholesale wholesale-price fluctuate compensation pilferage valuation parent-company directorate chairman headquarter personnel branch-office business-office personnel-department human-resources-department general-affairs-department accounting auditing sales sales-department sales-promotion-department international-department public-relations-department planning-department brainpower research-and-development-departmentsecretarial secretarial-pool teamwork unitedPositionadministrator president principal minister ambassador official director director-general executive supervisor accountant broker cashier jobber analyst coordinator decorator architect engineer technician professor assistant lecturer tutor librarian consultant intern proofreader agent receptionist recruiter security staffResponsibilityarrange cooperate demonstration disposition handle documentation registration statistic fulltime permanent part-time temporary installation interpret modification negotiation promotionLabor Unionsorganize union guild society association consortium unionize guildhall advocateconvener conflict defuse instigate safeguard nonunion voluntary non-governmentalOffice Suppliescomputer mouse keyboard printer electrograph cabinet drawer notebook ball-print vase pencil-vase clip tack file envelope lampJob Hunting and Recruitmentwant-ad recruit request applicant application apply recommendation resume job-hopping job-hunt investigate identify assessmentcandidate inform interviewhesitate relax ease presentation describe confident contact participate feedback panelJob Requirementsaccountable aggressive adaptable capable diploma bachelor collaboration coordination team-work sedulity diligence faithful initiative persistent practical experienced familiarity professional proficiency proficient resourceful tactful knowledgeable logical flexibilityEmploymentemployment counselor inquiry career content job-market well-paid white-collarblue-collar overtime qualified cautious enthusiasm attitude motivation compete team-spirit impression letter-of-reference appoint nominate promote annoy isolate bossy dismiss shelve lay-off layoff pension bonus tax enrollment register leave attendance check-on-work-attendance schedule agendaCareer DevelopmentEntrepreneur prospect expand improvement promising lifelong raiseCULTUREArt GenresClassicism romanticism realism symbolism impressionism expressionism naturalism existentialism fauvism abstract-art cubism Byzantine futurism RomanesqueGothic BaroquePainting and SculptureExhibition gallery salon inspiration artist sculptor pigment crayon brush chalk frame canvas sketch portrait watercolor landscape seascape engraving nude caricature tracing plaster clay profile engrave carve statue bronze vivid lifelikeLiterature and DramaMasterpiece essay anthology prose novel biography allegory myth fiction science-fiction criticism satire reportage attractive thought-provoking copyright poet poetry poem ode sonnet verse rhyme playwright theatre drama comedy farce mummery perform plot episode denouementLanguage Origin and UsageAboriginal exotic Latin Greek Rome French orient communicate lingual bilingual linguist linguistic verbal oral pronunciation accent stress fluent coherent articulate vocabulary expression phrase clause adage byword idiom proverb motto slang jargon ironyMusic and DanceMusician songster pianist soloist soprano tenor bass conductor rap rock jazz symphony blues R&B bassoon flute violin piano pantomime opera ballet anthem solo lyrics melody rhythm time composition cassette microphone step ballroom arena popMovieFilmdom first-run-cinema continuous-performance-cinema projector showing screening premiere festival film-festival certificate censor's-certificate distributordirector producer adaptation adapter scenarist stagehandactor leading-actor actress leading-actress supporting-role costar cinematographer utility-man stand-in stunt stunt-man swordsman cast screenplay script exterior lighting shooting shooting-schedule special-effects slow-motion montage sound-effects dub studio property spotlight serial trailer silent-cinema sound-motion picture newsreel documentary literary-film musical tragedy swordsmen-film detective-film ethical ethical-film affectional affectional-filmBroadcastingBroadcast wave transmitter receiver signal preside anchor anchorperson newscast newscaster audience fair-sounding talkative DJ BBC VOA program rank ranks hotline consult announceNewsPress news-agency wire-service news-conference carry censor release journalist accredit accredited-journalist correspondent stringer contributing-editor copy-editor contributor columnist free-lancer journal weekly periodical quarterly newssheet extra supplement chart column contribution press-release title caption cartoon photograph headline banner update newsletter breaking-news fudge bulletin highlight affair anecdote back-alley-news rumor slander grapevine expose abstract brief boil-down digest editorialTraditions and CustomsConvention custom habitude civilization legacy aboriginal ancestor background antiquated timeworn dated unique folk extinction preserve diversityFolkwaysFolkway civilian honest virtuous unsophisticated sophisticated hypocritical plain sincere warmhearted zealous intense hospitable humaneTranscultural CommunicationCommunication culture misunderstanding barrier promote enhance exchange respectPublishingPress compile edit proofread publish stack volume dictionary subscribe issue hardcover paperback e-book editi on han dbook pirated catalogue table-of —ontents content flyleaf preface index introduction chapter author signatureLIVINGClothingCostume dress suit tuxedo jacket sweater sportswear vest shirt tie pant sock sneaker blouse skirt jumper jean underwear bikini gown robe lace cap hat scarf glove shabby gorgeous luxurious formfitting skintight corpulent layette mantle cloak hood shawl brief waistcoat slipper sandal trainer gumshoe high-heels loafer wellies boot dot stripe embroidery linen knitting knitwear tweed corduroy satin flannelHabitationProvince town county countryside capital metropolis shopping-centre downtown uptown district residential residential-area urban suburb outskirt slum village hamlet locality shelter house building skyscraper flat shed cabin hut refuge townhouse cell basement apartment villa tent castleHouse DecorationDecorate decoration ornament layout outline furniture heater ceiling skylight spacious capacious simple crude traditional classical modern fashionable stylish comfortable toilet lavatory washroom balcony transom windowsillHousewaresArmchair easy-chair stool footstool bench tea-table bookcase wardrobe built-in wardrobe bookshelf closet chest-of-drawers sofa screen fug carpet mattress quilt blanket tapestry sheet bedspread dressing-table bath-towel towel-rack sponge curtain shutter kettle cooker pressure-cooker ladle oven microwave toaster dishwasher air-condition air-conditioning electric electric-cooker electric-fan electric-iron chandelier pendant pendant-lamp fluorescent fluorescent-lamp reading-lamp desk-lamp bedside-lamp floor-lamp lampshade bulb bulb-holder switchsocket plug refrigerator television washer washing-machine flashlight vacuum vacuum-cleanerNutritionNutrition variety nourishment vitamin protein fiber dextrose amino-acid grain cereal vegetable vegetarian choosy tasteless nutrient balanced intake digest metabolism indigestion nourish absorbFood and DrinkBeef veal pork mutton lamb duck seafood shrimp crab bacon ham sausage frankfurter steak rib cream butter cheese snack junk-food biscuit hamburger toast cookie sandwich pizza spaghetti dessert pudding broth salad pepper vinegar spice seasoning stew appetite juice lemonade soda cocktail sherry champagneRestaurantRestaurant cafeteria dining-room flavor delicious spicy horrible terrible book reserve chef waitress waiter knife fork menu bill tip economicalShoppingSupermarket department department-store mall flea-market clerk sales-promotion discount reduction secondhand bargain stockBody-BuildingGymnasium coach equipment instruction aerobics aerobic oxygen endurance muscle tired message pant gasp physical stature bonny towel sweat membership fee shadowboxing kickboxing Yoga jog hikeVehicleVessel dugout rowboat canoe ferry ferryboat raft skiff steamer yacht motorboat lifeboat cabin stateroom tourist-class first-class first-class-cabin steerage freighter cargo-boat tanker patrol-boat frigate gunboat bus minibus coach texitexi-rank texi-stand taxicab trailer compact-car lorry wagon moped motorbike motorcycle ambulance jeep limousine roadster trolley tramcar streetcar undergroundtube subway conductor railway railroad express-train fast-train through-train stopping-train excursion-train commuter commuter-train suburban-train carriage sleeper berth bunk booking-office ticket-office ticket-collector platformplatform-ticket left-luggage-office terminal terminus car-attendant train-attendant rack transfer civil-aviation aircraft airplane airliner jet airline boarding-check airport air-terminal tarmac air-hostess stewardess stewardaircraft-crew pilot takeoffVoyageTourist journey route itinerary do-it-yourself independent guide travel-agent agency travel-agency guidebook transportation vehicle voyage destination sightsee sight scene scenery motel reservation passport expire luggage memento souvenirFamily RelationsFamily-tree generation lineage stock origin kin ancestry extraction descent noble-birth humble-birth next-to-kin forebear forefather affinity offspring descendantprogeny relative relation premarital cousin sibling rely newlywed bride bridegroom bridesmaid beatific harmony rapport reverent gracious venerate spoil cosset henpecked gentle gap illegitimate strict scold brutal tough separate divorce abandon adopt stepfather stepmother stepson orphan rejoinFriendship and LovePal colleague roommate fraternal neighborly reliable loyalty easygoing deceptive sociable gauche unfriendly eccentric betray cheat dump quarrel indifferent passive impassive nonchalant troublemaker odious censorious tolerate bighearted ingenuous amiable beneficent charm lovesick amorous passionate beloved pious pursue engage marry wedding church partner nullDiseasesAutism barrenness complication anemia amnesia allergy sleepwalking phobia tuberculosis rabies pinkeye sunstroke asthma tumor virus alcoholism pathology psychiatric venereal inflamed tumid turgid wan paralytic chronic acute communicable contagious remittent infectHeal therapy convalesce recuperate hospitalization medicate psychoanalyze antidote relapse exacerbate aggravate surgery specialist surgeon physician dentist oculist pediatric chemist dispenser matron remediable incurable curative analgesic antibacterial balm cure-all sanatorium scalpel sickbay ward sickbed medication remedy pill tablet capsule powder dose dosage aspirin tranquillizer laxative pain-killer antibiotic drug lotion tonic prescription pharmacy symptom generic-drug pharmaceutical herb injection cure treatment course alleviate soothe medical pharmacist side-effect potent effectiveBad HabitsInhale marijuana poppy addiction junkie stub tobacco cigarette ashtray drunkard inebriate libation bibulous alcohol liquor tipple toast refrain abstinenceteetotal temperance gamble gluttony oversleep vigil indulge abuse wallowSOCIAL ISSUESSocial configurationSlave slavery kingdom capitalist feudalism feudalist capitalism communism communistRaceRace racial ethnic racism segregation racialism genocidal minority ethnicity look-down-upon discriminate discrimination prejudice riot segregate isolation equal dark-skinned ghetto immigrantCrimeCrime commit delinquency sin offence kidnap abduct robbery blackmail extortion hijack murder assassinateviolence rape arson counterfeiting pirate computer-fraud smuggle smuggling traffic drug-trafficking swindle guilty criminal gangster blackguard ringleader polarization soar frustration desperation unemploymentProsecution accuse adjudicate convict deprive verdict evidence criminal-record intention motivation gang court judge jury trial justice judicial courtroom venue witness victim lawyer attorney defend sanction arrest illegal legitimateFeminismFeminism feminist equality opportunity campaign revolution sponsor involve approve decry criticizeATHLETIC SPORTSBall GamesTennis basketball volleyball badminton baseball soccer hockey golf bat rugby handball cricket ice-hockey football billiards bowls forecourt forehand ballplayer ballpark infield outfield backboard court goal goalpost judge goalkeeper fullback backfield forward centerTrack and FieldAthlete relay relay-race hurdling marathon sprint dash pole-vault gavelock race middle-distance-race cross-country-race hurdle the 400-meter-hurdle hurdler decathlon high-jump long-jump broad-jump triple-jump hop step-and-jump vault throwing shop putting-the-shot shot-put discus throwing-the-discus hammerthrowing-the-hammer javelin walk foot-raceOthersChampion skiing skating boxing jogging diving springboard gymnast gymnastics horizontal horizontal-bar parallel-bars ring trapeze side-horse pommel pommelled-horse weight-lifting wrestling Greece-roman-wrestling judo fencing winter-sports downhill-race slalom ski-jump ice-skating figure-skating figure-skating roller-skating。