国民经济、对外经济贸易常用词汇
2023年外语学习专题之经济类词汇
2023年外语学习专题之经济类词汇随着全球化的不断深入，经济领域的国际化程度越来越高。
因此，熟练掌握经济类词汇已经成为现代人不可或缺的技能之一。
未来，在各行各业中，了解和运用经济类词汇将会更为广泛。
本文将从三个方面探究2023年外语学习专题之经济类词汇。
一、国际贸易类词汇随着全球贸易的发展，国际贸易类词汇已成为经济类词汇中最常用的一类。
了解和掌握这类词汇对于从事外贸、物流、金融等行业的人员尤为重要。
例如：1. Export: 出口2. Import: 进口3. Trading partner: 贸易伙伴4. Customs duty: 关税5. Free trade zone: 自由贸易区6. Tariff barrier: 关税壁垒7. Trade deficit: 贸易逆差8. Trade surplus: 贸易顺差以上这些词汇均是从事国际贸易时经常用到的术语，熟练掌握这些词汇将有助于在工作中快速准确地进行沟通。
二、金融类词汇金融类词汇也是经济词汇中十分重要的一类。
金融行业是国家经济发展的关键之一，因此在日常工作和生活中均会涉及到金融类的词汇。
例如：1. Stock market: 股市2. Bond: 债券3. Interest rate: 利率4. Investment: 投资5. Assets: 资产6. Liabilities: 负债7. Capital: 资本8. Dividend: 股息对于从事金融业的人员来说，熟悉金融类词汇的用法和意义对于正确地执行职责和提高工作效率有很大的帮助。
三、企业管理类词汇企业管理类词汇是指涉及到公司、组织和企业日常经营管理方面的一类词汇。
掌握这些词汇有助于从事企业管理工作的人员更好地理解企业内部的业务流程和管理规范。
例如：1. Human resources: 人力资源2. Marketing: 市场营销3. Business plan: 商业计划4. Branding: 品牌管理5. Budget: 预算6. Strategy: 战略7. Sales target: 销售目标8. Performance evaluation: 绩效评估掌握企业管理类词汇的人员可以更好地理解企业的经营管理和流程，有助于更好地担任企业管理职位。
经济贸易常用词汇
inland trade, home trade, domestic trade international trade 国际贸易
foreign trade, external trade import, importation importer 进口商 进口
对外贸易，外贸 对外贸易，
export, exportation exporter 出口商
经济贸易常用词汇
李淑玲
economist socialist economy capitalist economy economic balance economic fluctuation economic depression
经济学家 社会主义经济 资本主义经济 经济平衡 经济波动 经济衰退
economic stability economic policy economic recovery standard of living stagnation
net price wholesale price discount / allowance retail price stocks cash sale purchase
净价 批发价 折扣 零售价 存货， 存货，库存量 现货 购买， 购买，进货
commerce, trade, trading
贸易 国内贸易
xport license
进口许口证 出口许口证 买卖， 买卖，交易
commercial transaction inquiry delivery 询盘 交货
order
订货
trade partner manufacturer
贸易伙伴 制造商， 制造商，制造厂
consumer 消费者，用户 消费者， client, customer 顾客，客户 顾客， buyer 买主，买方 买主，
超全 经济外贸类 短语词汇
经济外贸ECONOMY AND MARKET ECONOMY 经济和市场经济Socialist market economy 社会主义市场经济Socialist sector of economy 社会主义经济成分State-owned economy 国有经济Non-state economy 非国有经济Collective economy 集体经济Individual economy 个体经济Coexistence of various economic composition 多种经济成分共存Sustained, rapid and sound economic development 持续，快速和健康的经济发展National economic budget 国民经济预算Comprehensive development of economy 经济综合发展Strategy for economic development 经济发展战略Theory of macroeconomic policy 宏观经济政策理论Macroeconomic decision 宏观经济决策Microeconomic phenomenon 微观经济现象Traditional planned economy 传统的计划经济Stimulate economic development 刺激经济发展Commodity economy 商品经济Market economy 市场经济Free market economy 自由市场经济Developed market economy 发达的市场经济Developing market economy 发展中的市场经济Emerging market economy 新兴市场经济Mature market economy 成熟市场经济Market economy country 市场经济国家Extensive economy 粗放型经济Intensive economy 集约型经济Transform the extensiveeconomic 粗放型经济转变为mode into intensive one 集约型经济Mixed economy 混合经济Regional economy 地区经济Internal-oriented economy 内向型经济Closed economy 闭关自守经济Economic growth point 经济增长点Economic growth mode 经济增长方式Economic growth rate 经济增长率Economy measure 经济手段Diversified economy 多种经济，多样化经济Economic situation 经济形势Economic cycle 经济周期Economic fluctuation 经济波动Economic miracle 经济奇迹Economic take-off 经济起飞Economic recovery 经济复苏Economic potential 经济潜力Economic sanction 经济制裁Global economy 全球经济Economic globalization 经济全球化Integration of world economy 世界经济一体化International economicintegration 国际经济一体化New international economicorder 国际新经济秩序Multi-polarization of worldeconomy 世界经济多极化Economic community 经济共同体MACRO-CONTROL 宏观调控Strengthen macro-control 加强宏观调控Soft landing 软着路Macro-economic situation 宏观经济形势Macro control and microinvigoration 宏观控制与微观搞活Control of overall volume andeconomic restructuring 总量控制与经济结构调整Tight control on investment infixed assets 紧缩固定资产投资控制Tight financial and monetarypolicy 从紧的金融货币政策Moderately tight monetary policy适度从紧的货币政策Moderately tight credit policy 适度从紧的信贷政策Loosening tight monetary policy放松紧缩的货币政策Adequate amount of the moneysupply 适度货币供应量Excessive amount of currencyissue 过度货币发行量Maintain monetary stability 保持货币稳定Cheap money policy 低息货币政策Adjustment of interest rate 利率调整Cut interest rate 降低利率Control of interest rate 利率控制Deflation policy 紧缩政策Market intervention 市场干预State intervention 国家干预Administrative interference 行政干预Administrative intervention 行政干预Administrative measure 行政措施Economy measure 经济手段Risk-control mechanism 风险控制机制Overheated economy 过热的经济Consumer price index 消费品价格指数Commodity price index 商品物价指数Retail price index 零售物价指数Average price index 平均物价指数Cost-of-living index 生活费用指数Control of inflation 通货膨胀控制Demand-pull inflation 需求拉动的通货膨胀Double digit inflation 两位数字通货膨胀Excessive inflation 过度的通货膨胀Galloping inflation 恶性通货膨胀Hyperinflation 极度通货膨胀Hidden inflation 隐性通货膨胀Structural inflation 结构性通货膨胀Stagflation 经济停滞型的通货膨胀Inflation factor 通货膨胀因素Inflation of credit 信用膨胀Inflation rate 通货膨胀率Inflationary pressure 通货膨胀压力Curb inflation 抑制通货膨胀Curb the real estate craze 抑制房地产热Development zone craze 开发区热Overall demand and supply 总需求和总供给Balance between supply and demand 供需平衡Supply and demand relation 供求关系Supply over demand 供过于求Supply exceeds demand 供过于求Economic crisis 经济危机Economic depression 经济萧条MANAGEMENT OF STATE-OWNED PROPERTY 国有资产管理Establish a system for the management, supervision 建立国有资产管理，监督和营运体系and operation of State assets Reform of management of state-owned property 国有资产管理体制改革Clearly defining property rights, specifying rights and 产权清晰，责权明确，政企分开，responsibilities, separatingownership from daily 管理科学management and adoptingscientific managementRegulation on the supervisionand management 国有企业监督管理条例of the state-owned enterprisesLaws and regulations on theadministration of 国有资产管理法律法规state-owned propertyOperate independently, assumesole responsibility 自主经营，自负盈亏，自我发展，for its profits and losses, seekself-development 自我约束and self-relianceUphold the principle ofseparating the functions of 坚持政企分开的原则，转变政府government from those ofenterprises and alter the 经济管理职能government’s role in economicmanagementSafeguard state property 保卫国有资产Preserve and increase value andprevent losses 保值增值防止流失Prevent the drain of State-ownedproperty 防止国有资产流失Reform of property rights system产权制度改革Definition of property rights 产权界定Clarification of property rights 明晰产权Registration of property rights 产权登记Annual checks of the registrationof property rights 产权登记年检Certificate of title 产权证书Change of registration 变更登记Change of title 产权变更Transfer of property rights 产权转让Transaction of property rights 产权交易Property rights transfer agency产权交易机构Inspection of assets 资产清查Re-evaluation of fixed assets 固定资产重估Asset appraisal 资产评估Productive assets 经营性资产Non-productive assets 非经营性资产Return on assets 资产收益Balance sheet 资产负债表Consolidated balance sheet 合并资产负债表Reform of State-OwnedEnterprises国有企业改革Step up efforts to reformState-owned enterprises 加大国有企业改革力度Readjust and reorganizeState-owned enterprises to 调整改组国有企业促进资产重组promote re-arrangement ofassets and raise the 提高国有经济的总体素质overall quality of the State sectorof the economyConcentrate on rejuvenatingState-owned large 集中力量抓好国有大型企业和enterprises and enterprisesgroups 企业集团Develop trans-regional andinter-trade enterprise groups 发展跨地区跨行业的企业集团Reform, reorganization andupgrading 改革，改组和改造Re-organization, association,merger, joint 改组，联合，兼并，股份合作制partnership, leasing, contractoperation and sell-off 租赁，承包经营和出售Manage well large enterprisesand adopt a flexible policy towards small ones 抓好大的，放活小的Give small State-owned enterprises greater freedom 放活国有小企业Standardize bankruptcy procedures, encourage 规范破产程序，鼓励企业兼并，merging of enterprises and promote re-employment 促进再就业Allow money-losing enterprise to merger or go bankrupt 允许亏损企业兼并或破产Dispersion of redundant employees 分流富余人员Re-employment funds 再就业基金Conscientiously strengthen the operation and management of enterprises切实加强企业经营管理Strengthen financial management of enterprises 强化企业财务管理Tighten control over extrabudgetary funds 加强预算外资金管理Increase capital and reduce debts through various channels 多渠道增资减债Strive to help enterprises eliminate losses and increase profits抓好企业扭亏增盈Develop various modes of operation and marketing 发展多种营销方式Alleviate enterprises’social burdens 减轻企业的社会负担By tapping the potential and upgrading the technology 通过挖潜改造Mechanism for selecting the superior and eliminating the inferior 优胜劣汰机制Enjoy more decision-making power 享有更多的决策权Allow employees to hold someshares 允许职工持股Give more productive enterprisesthe power to engage in exportindependently给更多的生产企业自营出口权Protect the interests of theworking class 保护工人阶级利益Technological upgrading 技术改造Reform of state-ownedenterprises 国有企业改革Deepening of the reform ofState-owned enterprises 深化国有企业改革Modern enterprise system 现代企业制度Reorganization of state-ownedenterprises 国有企业重组Transform the enterprises’management mechanismsof State-owned enterprises 转换国有企业经营机制Adjustment of industrialstructure 行业结构调整Industrial policy 产业政策Support and develop largeenterprises and release smallenterprises 支持发展大企业放开小企业Large and medium-sizedState-owned enterprises can beturned into corporate enterprises大中型企业可转变为股份公司Smaller enterprises can becomeshareholding co-operatives 小企业可转变为股份合作制Readjust the asset-liability ratioof state-owned enterprises 调整国有企业资产负债比State-owned independentaccounting industrial enterprises国有独立核算企业Pioneer enterprise 试点企业Enlarge the right ofself-management 扩大自主权Optimize capital structure 优化资本结构Optimize resource allocation 优化资源配置Optimize investment structure优化投资结构Recapitalization 调整资本结构Capital reorganization 资本重组Promote rational flow of propertyright 促进产权合理流动Reduce staff to improve efficiency减员增效Investment risk mechanism 投资风险机制Project capital system 项目资本金制度Legal person responsibilitysystem 法人责任制Responsibility for one’s ownprofit and loss 自负盈亏Enterprise contract managementresponsibility system 企业承包责任制Unreasonable economicstructure 不合理的经济结构Unreasonable product structure不合理的产品结构Repeated construction 重复建设Repeated introduction of foreignequipment and technology 外国设备和技术的重复引进Regional and departmentalprotectionism 地区和部门保持主义Government supervision 政府监督Operating strategy 经营战略Out-dated management styles 落后的管理方式Backward in management 管理落后Relying on government subsidy依赖政府补贴Heavy social subsidy 沉重的社会补贴Heavy social burdens 沉重的社会负担Excessive production capacity 过剩的生产能力Merger and acquisition 兼并与收购Encourage merger 鼓励兼并Preferential policy for bankruptcy and merger 对破产和兼并企业的优惠政策Standardize bankruptcy procedure 规范破产程序Prevent false bankruptcy 防止假破产Construction of a multi-layer social security system 建立多层次的社会保障制度Re-employment projects 再就业工程Re-employment of redundant workers 富余职工再就业Laid-off workers 下岗职工PPI private participation in infrastructure 私营企业参与基础设施建设PSA private sector assessment 私营部门评估PSD private sector development 私营企业发展ENTERPRISE AND COMPANY 企业和公司Central enterprise 中央企业Local enterprise 地方企业Backbone enterprise 骨干企业Large and medium enterprise 大中型企业State-owned enterprise 国有企业Enterprise solely funded by the State 国有独资企业State-owned firm 国有公司，国有企业Corporate enterprise 股份制企业Collective enterprise 集体企业Collective firm 集体企业，合作企业Township enterprise 乡镇企业Partnership enterprise 合伙企业Individual enterprise 个体企业Foreign-funded enterprise 外资企业Top 500 enterprises 最大500家企业Small business 小企业Primary industry 第一产业Secondary industry 第二产业Tertiary industry 第三产业Corporate Law 公司法Township Enterprise Law 乡镇企业法Independent legal entities 独立法人Board of directors 董事会Board of supervisors 监事会Shareholders conference 股东大会Entrepreneur 企业家Firm 公司，企业Company 公司Incorporation 公司Corporation 股份公司Group of enterprises 企业集团Conglomerate 企业集团，综合性大企业Company limited by shares 股份有限责任公司Controlling company 控股公司Holding company 控股公司Bank holding company 银行控股公司Company with limited liability 有限责任公司State-owned holding company 国家控股公司Public company 上市公司Private company 非上市公司Listed company 上市公司Overseas-listed company 境外上市公司Parent company 母公司Subsidiary company 子公司Group company 集团公司Large-scale industrial group 大型工业集团International conglomerate 跨国企业集团International corporation 跨国公司Multinational corporation 跨国公司Multinational market group 跨国市场集团banker 银行家president 行长savings bank 储蓄银行central bank, national bank,banker s bank 中央银行bank of issue, bank of circulation发行币银行commercial bank 商业银行，储蓄信贷银行member bank, credit bank 储蓄信贷银行discount bank 贴现银行exchange bank 汇兑银行requesting bank 委托开证银行issuing bank, opening bank 开证银行advising bank, notifying bank 通知银行negotiation bank 议付银行confirming bank 保兑银行paying bank 付款银行associate banker of collection 代收银行consigned banker of collection 委托银行local bank 本地银行domestic bank 国内银行overseas bank 国外银行unincorporated bank 钱庄branch bank 银行分行trustee savings bank 信托储蓄银行trust company 信托公司financial trust 金融信托公司unit trust 信托投资公司trust institution 银行的信托部credit department 银行的信用部Banking institution 金融机构Banking sector 银行部门Intermediary bank 中介银行Development bank 开发银行Commercial bank 商业银行commercial credit company(discount company) 商业信贷公司（贴现公司）Investment bank 投资银行Credit bank 信贷银行Cooperative bank 合作银行Mortgage bank 抵押银行Clearing bank 清算银行Credit union 信用社neighborhood savings bank, bank of deposit 街道储蓄所credit bureau 商业兴信所self-service bank 无人银行land bank 土地银行construction bank 建设银行industrial and commercial bank 工商银行bank of communications 交通银行mutual savings bank 互助储蓄银行post office savings bank 邮局储蓄银行industrial bank 实业银行home loan bank 家宅贷款银行reserve bank 准备银行chartered bank 特许银行corresponding bank 往来银行merchant bank, accepting bank 承兑银行EXIMBANK =import and export bank 进出口银行joint venture bank 合资银行money shop, native bank 钱庄credit cooperatives 信用社clearing house 票据交换所Chase Bank 大通银行National City Bank of New York 花旗银行Hongkong Shanghai Banking Corporation 汇丰银行Chartered Bank of India,Australia and China 麦加利银行Banque de I IndoChine 东方汇理银行Non-bank financial institution 非银行金融机构Financing corporation 金融公司Securities company 证券公司Underwriting company 担保公司Loan and trust company 信托公司Insurance company 保险公司Life insurance company 人寿保险公司Utility company 公共事业公司MERGER AND ACQUISITION 兼并与收购Reorganization 重组Association 联合Merger 兼并Acquisition 收购Joint stock partnership 股份合作Leasing 出租Contract operation 承包经营Auction 拍卖Develop trans-regional andtrans-industry enterprise groups发展跨地区跨行业的企业集团Strategic acquisition 战略性收购Combination of enterprise 企业合并Concentric acquisition 集中收购Conglomerate merger 集团企业合并Consolidation by lease 租赁式合并Consolidation by merger 兼并式合并Leveraged buy-out (LBO’s) 杠杆收购Stock merger 股票兼并Vertical acquisition 纵向收购Vertical merger 纵向兼并Vertical consolidation 纵向合并Vertical integration 纵向合并Horizontal merger 横向兼并Horizontal acquisition 横向收购Horizontal combination 横向合并，同行业合并Horizontal integration 横向联合Acquisition cost 收购成本Acquiring enterprise 收购方企业Corporate reorganization 公司重组Bankruptcy Law 破产法Bankruptcy code chapter 7---liquidation 破产法第七章清算Bankruptcy code 11 ---reorganization 破产法第十一章重组Act of bankruptcy 破产法案Antitrust Law 反托拉斯法Bankruptcy court 破产法庭Bankruptcy debtor 破产债务人Bankruptcy notice 破产公告Bankruptcy petition 要求宣布破产Declaration of bankruptcy 宣告破产Arrangement in bankruptcycourt 破产法庭内的协调Arrangement out of bankruptcycourt 不经破产法庭的协调Creditor’s equity 债权人权益Bankruptcy trustee 破产受托人Creditor’s meeting 债权人会议Creditor of bankruptcy 破产债权人MARKET AND COMPETITION市场和竞争Commodity market 商品市场Securities market 证券市场Bond market 债券市场Stock market 股票市场Futures market 期货市场Options market 期权市场Property rights market 产权市场Capital market 资本市场Free market 自由市场Labour market 劳动力市场Flea market 跳蚤市场Bear market 股票市场的熊市Bull market 股票市场的牛市Market competition 市场竞争Market development 市场开发Market forecast 市场预测Market potential 市场潜力Market risk 市场风险Market share 市场份额Seller’s market 卖方市场Buyer’ s market 买方市场Market abroad 海外市场Marketability 市场能力Marketable 销路好的Marketing channel 销售渠道Marketing strategy 销售战略Competition market 竟争市场Perfect competition 完全竟争Imperfect competition 不完全竟争Low-level competition 低水平竟争Monopolistic competition 垄断竟争Competitor 竟争对手Natural monopoly 自然垄断International monopoly 国际垄断Market 市场bear market 股票市场的熊市bond market 证券市场bull market 股票市场的牛市capital market 资本市场emerging market economic 新兴市场经济majority market economic 成熟市场经济market abroad 海外市场market analysis 市场分析market approach to fair market value 求得公平市场价值的市场法market competition 市场竟争market demand price 市场需求价格market development 市场开发market economy country 市场经济国家market factor 市场因素market forecast 市场预测market index 市场指数market information 市场信息market investigation 市场调查market potential 市场潜力market quotation 市场行情market replacement cost 市场重置成本market research 市场调查，市场研究market risk 市场风险market share 市场份额，市场占有率market value method 市价法market-oriented 面向市场的market-to-cost method 市价成本法property right market 产权市场seller’s market 卖方市场social market economy 社会主义市场经济stock market 股票市场Marketing 营销，市场销售marketing channel 销售渠道，市场渠道marketing cost 销售成本marketing manager 市场销售经理markrting strategy 市场经营战略marketing system 市场体系relationship marketing 关系营销Asset, Liability And Equity 资产,负债和权益Asset management 资产管理Tangible assets 有形资产Intangible assets 无形资产Physical assets 实物资产Fixed assets 固定资产Current assets 流动资产Current asset losses in suspense待处理流动资产损失Deferred assets 递延资产Other assets 其它资产Total assets 总资产Net assets 净资产Book value of the assets 资产的账面值Non-ledger assets 帐外资产Asset account 资产账户Asset disposal 资产处置Asset depreciation 资产折旧Asset inventory shorts 资产盘亏Asset inventory surplus 资产盘盈Asset retirement 资产报废Asset revaluation 资产重估Capital assets 资本资产Monetary assets 金融资产Mortgage assets 抵押资产Long-term assets 长期资产Liability 负债Liability account 负债账户Direct liability 直接负债Current liability 流动负债Liability out of book 账外负债Long-term liability 长期负债Book debt 账面负债Asset liability ratio 资产负债比Owner’s equity 所有者权益Equity account 权益账户Stockholders’equity 股东权益Preferred stock equity 优先股权益Cumulative preferred stock 积累优先股Non-cumulative preferred stock非积累优先股Convertible preferred stock 可转换优先股Participating preferred stock 参加优先股Non-Participating preferred stock非参加优先股Callable preferred stock 可赎回优先股Common stock equity 普通股权益Total equity 权益总额企业评价指标EVALUATIONINDICATORAssets Liabilities Ratio 资产负债率Quick Ratio 速动比率Current Ratio 流动比率P/E ratio 市盈率Current Liabilities to Net Worth 流动负债比净资产Total Liabilities to Net Worth 总负债比净资产Fixed Assets to Net Worth 固定资产比净资产Inventory Turnover Ratio 存货Assets to SalesSales to Net Working Capital 销售收入比流动资金净值Accounts Payable to Sales 应付帐款比销售收入Return on Sales(profit Margin) Return on Assets 资产收益率Return on Total Assets 总资产收益率Return on Shareholder’s Equity 股东权益收益率Return on Investment 投资收益Return on Net Worth(Return on Equity) 净资产收益率收益表INCOME STATEMENT销售收入Sales Revenue减：销售折扣与折让Deduct: Sales Discount & Allowance销售收入净值Net Sales Revenue 减：销售税金Deduct: Tax on Sales 销售成本Coat of Sales销售毛利Gross Profit from Sales 减：管理费用Deduct: Administration Expenses财务费用Financial Expenses销售利润Profit from Sales加：其它业务利润Plus: Profit from Other Operations营业利润Operating Profits加：投资收益Plus: Investment Income营业外净收入Non-Operating Revenue以前年度利润调整Adjustment of Earning of Prior Years利润总额Total Profits(Before Tax) 减：所得税Deduct: Income Tax 净利润Net Profits 合并资产负债表CONSOLIDATEDBALANCE SHEET资产Assets流动资产Current Assets长期应收帐款Long-termReceivable长期投资Long-term Investment固定资产Fixed Assets原值Original Coat减：累计折旧Deduct:Accumulated Depreciation净值Net Worth在建工程Constructionin-progress其它资产Other Assets资产总额Total Assets负债和权益Liabilities & Equity负债Liabilities流动负债Current Liabilities长期负债Long-term Liabilities负债合计Total Liabilities少数股东权益Minority Interests权益Equity实收资本Paid-in Capital资本公积Capital surplus保留盈利Retained Earnings权益合计Total Equity负债和权益总额Total Liabilities &EquityBALANCE SHEET 资产负债表Cash and Equivalents 现金和视同现金Accounts Receivable 应收帐款Inventories 存货Other Current Assets 其它流动资产Total Current Assets 流动资产总计Gross Property, Plant &Equipment 财产，场房和设备原值Accumulated Depreciation 累计折旧Net property, Plant & Equipment财产，场房和设备净值Other Assets 其它资产Total Assets 总资产LIABILITIES & EQUITY 负债和权益Debt in Current Liabilities 流动负债Accounts Payable 应付帐款Income Taxes Payable 应付所得税Other Current Liabilities 其它流动负债long-term Debt 长期负债Deferred Taxes 递延税金Other Liabilities 其它负债Minority Interest 少数股东权益Total Liabilities 总负债Preferred Stock Equity 优先股权益Common Stock Equity 普通股权益Total Stockholders’Equity 股东权益总计Total Liabilities and Equity 负债权益总计Economic经济的economic analysis 经济分析economic and technicaldevelopment zone 经济技术开发区economic base 经济基础economic community 经济共同体economic cooperation zone 经济协作区economic crisis 经济危机economic cycle 经济周期economic depression 经济萧条economic efficiency 经济效益economic entity 经济实体economic forecast 经济预测economic foundation 经济基础economic growth rate 经济增长率economic integration 经济一体化economic miracle 经济奇迹economic order 经济秩序economic policy 经济政策economic potential 经济潜力economic prospect 经济展望economic recovery 经济复苏economic sanctions 经济制裁economic situation 经济形势economic system 经济体制，经济制度economic value 经济价值East Asia Economic Rim 东亚经济圈Economics 经济学economics of industry 工业经济学economics of management 管理经济学economics of scale 规模经济学Economy 经济closed economy 闭关自守经济commodity economy 商品经济economy measure 经济手段economies of scale 规模经济market economy 市场经济mixed economy 混合经济planned economy 计划经济Enterprise企业Entrepreneur 企业家Enterpreneurial 企业家的enterpreneurial courage 企业家的胆略enterpreneurial spirit 企业家精神Enterprise 企业backbone enterprise 骨干企业central enterprises 中央企业collectively-owned enterprises 集体企业combined enterprise 联合企业enterprise accounting 企业会计enterprise development fund 企业发展基金enterprise law 企业法enterprises’management mechanisms 企业管理机制foreign-funded enterprises 外资企业large and medium-size enterprises 大中型企业local enterprises 地方企业modern enterprise system 现代企业制度money-lossing enterprises 亏损企业state-owned enterprises 国有企业township enterprises 乡镇企业Accountant会计师Certified Public Accountant (CPA)注册会计师chief accountant 总会计师cost accountant 成本会计certified managementaccountant (CMA) 注册管理会计师certified public accountant (CPA)注册会计师Accounting会计，会计学accounting classification 会计科目分类accounting cycle 会计周期accounting equation 会计方程式accounting firm 会计事务所accounting information 会计信息accounting principles forbusiness enterprise 企业会计原则accounting statement 会计报表accounting system 会计系统accounting year 会计年度accrual basis accounting 权责发生制会计方法记帐cash basis accounting 现金会计方法记帐All-purpose financial statement通用财务报表American Institute of CertifiedPublic Accountants 美国注册会计师协会（AICPA)certified copy 正式核准的副本certified financial statement 经会计师证明的财务报表certified invoice 证实发票certified managementaccountant (CMA) 注册管理会计师certified public accountant (CPA)注册会计师annual accounting 年度决算annual audit 年度审计annual balance sheet 年终决算表annual budget 年度预算annual financial report 年度财务报告annual summary 年度汇总表summary balance sheet 资产负债汇总表Audit审计annual audit 年度审计audit certificate 审计证书Audit Law 审计法audit of financial statement 财务报表审计external audit 外部审计legally required audit 法定审计Auditing firm 审计公司Auditor 审计师Account帐户，会计科目accounting classification 会计科目分类account balance 帐户余额account payable 应付帐款account receivable 应收帐款accumulation account 累积帐户assets account 资产帐户bank account 银行帐户capital account 资本帐户cash account 现金帐户checking account 支票帐户clearing account 清算帐户，结算帐户commission account 佣金帐户cost account 成本帐户deposit account 存款帐户doubtful account 可疑帐户equity account 股本帐户expenses account 开支帐户foreign currency account 外汇帐户frozen account 冻结帐户group account 集团帐户inventory account 存货帐户investment account 投资帐户journal account 日记帐ledger account 分类帐帐户liability account 负债帐户overdrawn account 透支帐户property account 财产帐户savings account 储蓄帐户accrued expenses payable 应计未付费用accrued income 应计收入accrued interest on bonds 应计债券利息accrued interest on investment 应计投资利息accured interest patable 应计未付利息accrued liability 应计负债accrued profit 应计利润accrued taxes 应计税款accumulated amount 累计额accumulated earnings 累计收益accumulated funds 公积金accumulated net income 累计净收益accumulated profit 累计利润accumulating capital 累计资本accumulating losses 累计损失Acid ratio 流动比率actual assets 实际资产actual cash value 实际现金价值actual capital 实际资本actual cost 实际成本actual depreciation 实际折旧actual value 实际价值Adjusted 调整后的adjusted acquisition cost 调整后购置成本adjusted base 调整后基数adjusted book balance 调整后的帐面余额adjusted gross income 调整后的净收入adjusted net profit 调整后的净利润Adjustment 调整adjustment account 调整帐户Advance 预付advance account 预付帐户advance charge 预付费用advance payment 预先付款advance received 暂收款Allocated cost 已分摊成本Allocated cost of fixed assts 固定资产折旧Allocation 分配，分摊allocation of market 市场分配allocation of purchase price 购置价格分摊（指成套设备）allocation of quota 配额分配allocation of resources 资源分配allocation of shares 股金分配allocation optimum 最优配置allocations to accounting periods会计期间内的分摊Allotment 拨款Amendment 修改amendment of register 变更登记American Society of Appraisers(ASA) 美国评估师协会Amortization 摊销，摊还amortization fund 偿债基金amortization of bond issuedexpense 债券发行费摊销amortization of fixed asset 固定资产摊销amortization of loan 分期偿还贷款amortization schedule 摊销表Amount 数量，总额，合计amount guaranteed 担保额amount of investment 投资额amount of sales 销售额financial statement analysis财务报表分析analysis of assets changes 资产变动分析analysis of balance sheet 资产负债表分析balance sheet evaluation 资产负债表评价analysis of business profit 企业利润分析analysis of capital changes 资本变动分析analysis of changes in financialposition 财务状况变动分析balance sheet 资产负债表balance sheet audit 资产负债表审计balance sheet classification 资产负债表分类certified financial statement 经会计师证明的财务报表classified balance sheet 分类资产负债表current account balance sheet 流动资产负债表current account balance sheet 流动资产负债表analysis of variance 方差分析gross profit analysis 毛利分析investment analysis 投资分析market analysis 市场分析macro analysis 微观分析qualitative analysis 定性分析quantitative analysis 定量分析ratio analysis 比率分析return analysis 回报分析sales analysis 销售分析Analytical model 分析模型bad account 坏帐，呆帐bad debt provision/allowance呆坏账预备bad debt reserve 呆坏账准备doubtful/uncollectible accountprovision/allowance呆坏账预备bad debt loss 坏帐损失bad debt recovery 呆坏帐收回bad debt allowance 备抵坏账write off 勾销(债款等)bad title 失效产权Balance 余额，结余，差额，平衡adverse balance 收支逆差balance budget 平衡预算balance of international trade 国际贸易差额balance of payment 国际收支closing balance 期末差额credit balance 贷方余额foreign currency balance 外汇余额keep balance 保持平衡loss balance 失去平衡negative balance 逆差retained balance from foreign exchange revenue 外汇收入留成余额book depreciation 帐面折旧book-entry securities 记帐证券book inventory 帐面库存book of account 帐簿book profit 帐面利润book value per share 每股帐面价值Cash 现金cash account 现金帐户cash assets 现金资本cash audit 现金审计cash balance 现金余额cash equivalent 视同库存现金cash flow analysis 现金流量分析cash in bank 银行现金cash in hold 库存现金cash payment 现金支付cash purchase 现金购买cash transaction 现金交易free cash flows 活动现金流Certified 注册的，合格的certified appraiser 注册评估师certified copy 正式核准的副本certified financial statement 经会计师证明的财务报表certified invoice 证实发票certified mortgage 证实抵押finance charges 财务费用Classification 分类，科目classification item 分类项目classification of accounts 帐户分类classification of assets 资产分类classification of property 财产分类classification schemes 分类表Classified 分成类的classified balance sheet 分类资产负债表classified depreciation 分类折旧coding of account 帐户代码coding of assets 资产代码Closing 结算，结帐，收盘closing account 结帐，结算closing cost 成交价closing inventory 期末存货Consolidated 合并的，综合的consolidated balance sheet 合并资产负债表consolidated financial statement合并决算表consolidated income statement合并损益表，综合损益表consolidated profit and lossstatement 汇总损益表consolidated retained earning 合并留存收益consolidated statement 汇总报表Cost 成本，费用acquisition cost 购置成本actual cost 实际成本anticipated cost method 预期成本法average cost 平均成本borrowing- cost 借债成本carrying cost 维持成本cost account 成本帐户cost accounting 成本会计cost allocation 成本分摊cost analysis 成本分析cost and benefit analysis 成本收益分析cost approach to fair marketvalue 求得公平市场价值的成本法cost control 成本控制cost distribution 成本分摊cost free 免费cost method 成本法cost objective 成本目标cost of capital 资金成本cost of investment 投资成本cost of management 管理费cost of marketing 营销成本cost of replacement 重置成本法cost of reproduction lessdepreciation 重置成本减折旧cost of sales 销售成本cost-benefit analysis 成本收益分析cost-effectiveness 成本效益cost-of-living index 生活费指数cost plus 成本加价indirect cost 间接成本marginal cost 边际成本material cost 材料成本opportunity cost 机会成本ordering cost 订货成本sunk costs 沉没成本variable costs 变动成本current assets 流动资产current account balance sheet 流动资产负债表current account deposits 活期帐户存款current asset losses in suspense待处理流动资产损失current debt ratio 流动负债比率current fund employed per 100Yuan ofsales revenue 每百元销售收入占用流动资金current fund employment rate 流动资金占有率current fund loan 流动资金借款current fund turnover days 流动资金周转天数current intangibles 无形流动资产current liability 流动负债current maturity of long termdebt 本年内到期的长期负债current-noncurrent method 对国外业务按现行汇率折合算法current ratio 流动比率current surplus 本期盈余current tangible assets 有形流动资产current term net loss 本期净损失current term net profit or loss 本期净损益current assets 流动资产current account balance sheet 流动资产负债表。
中国经济术语
中国经济术语
以下是一些常见的中国经济术语：
1. 国内生产总值（Gross Domestic Product，GDP）：一个国家
或地区在一定时期内所生产的全部最终产品和劳务的价值总和。
2. 人民币（Renminbi，RMB）：中国货币的官方名称，也称
为元。
3. 外汇储备（Foreign Exchange Reserves）：一个国家持有的
外国货币储备，通常用于维持国际贸易的稳定性和支付国际债务。
4. 产业结构调整：指经济体系中不同产业的相对比重发生变化的过程，以促进经济发展的结构优化与转型升级。
5. 基础设施建设：指建设道路、桥梁、港口、机场、电力、通信等基础设施的过程，为经济发展提供支持。
6. 金融市场化：通过市场机制使金融行业更加自主、开放和竞争的过程，提高金融资源配置的效率和透明度。
7. 外商直接投资（Foreign Direct Investment，FDI）：外国投
资者在一个国家或地区建立或扩大企业的投资活动。
8. 出口导向型经济：一个国家或地区的经济模式，主要通过出口商品和服务来推动经济增长和发展。
9. 农村城镇化：指农村人口向城市迁移、农村经济社会结构向城镇化转变的过程。
10.货币政策：由央行采取的调控货币供应量、利率和汇率等手段的政策，以达到稳定物价和促进经济增长的目的。
中国经济词汇汇总
Economic center 经济中心Economic construction 经济建设Reform and opening-up 改革开放GNP (Gross National Product) 国民生产总值The growth rate 增长率GDP (Gross Domestic Product) 国内生产总值Exchange rate 汇率Equivalent to 相当于Medium-advanced countries 中等发达国家Retail sales volume 零售量Consumer goods 生活消费品Industrial output value 工业总产值Direct foreign investment 外商直接投资Trans-national enterprises 跨国公司The import and export volume 进出口总额The total export volume 出口总额China’s national economy 国民经济Economic performance 经济运行To promote institutional innovation 推进体制创新Productive forces 生产力Socialist market economic structure 社会主义市场经济体制The state-owned economy 国有经济The macro-control system 宏观调控体系The means of macro-control 宏观调控手段The construction of the social security system 社会保障体系建设Endowment insurance 养老保险The medicare insurance system 医疗保险制度The unemployment insurance system 失业保险The foreign capital absorbed 吸收的外资The ascend to a new level 上新台阶Labor service 劳务承包Resources development 资源开发Product research and development 产品研发Satellite telecommunication 卫星通信Overseas business 国际化经营To consolidate and strengthen the primary industry 巩固和加强第一产业Upgrade and transform the secondary industry 提高和改造第二产业Actively develop the tertiary industry 积极发展第三产业Socialist market economy 社会主义市场经济Boosting domestic demand 扩大内需To increase the income of the medium-and low-income urban residents 增加城镇中低收入居民的收入To encourage more consumption 鼓励增加消费To stimulate economic growth 拉动经济增长To crack down on smuggling 严厉打击走私To achieve a favorable balance of international payments 平衡国际收支To keep the value of RMB stable 稳定人民币币值To guard against and reduce financial risks 防范和化解金融风险社会主义精神文明建设socialist culture and ethics system良好的政治社会环境a good political and social environment零售总额the total value of retail sales外贸总值the value of foreign trade利用外资the amount of foreign capital utilized。
经贸英语词汇
以下是一些常见的经贸英语词汇：- Economy 经济- Trade 贸易- Commerce 商业- Business 商业，生意- Market 市场- Supply and demand 供求- Profit 利润- Loss 损失- Inflation 通货膨胀- Unemployment 失业- Interest rate 利率- Exchange rate 汇率- Import 进口- Export 出口- Tariff 关税- Trade deficit 贸易逆差- Trade surplus 贸易顺差- Free trade 自由贸易- Protectionism 保护主义- Globalization 全球化- International trade 国际贸易- Economic growth 经济增长- Economic development 经济发展- Economic policy 经济政策- Fiscal policy 财政政策- Monetary policy 货币政策- Capital 资本- Investment 投资- Stock market 股票市场- Bond 债券- Entrepreneur 企业家- Corporation 公司- Partnership 合伙企业- Franchise 特许经营- Small business 小企业- Startup 创业公司- Merger and acquisition (M&A) 并购- Supply chain 供应链- Logistics 物流- Distribution 分销- Wholesale 批发- Retail 零售- E-commerce 电子商务- Digital economy 数字经济- Intellectual property (IP) 知识产权- Patent 专利- Trademark 商标- Copyright 版权- Licensing 许可证- Contract 合同- Negotiation 谈判- Bid 竞标- Auction 拍卖- Deal 交易- Invoice 发票- Payment 付款- Credit 信用- Debtor 债务人- Creditor 债权人- Bankruptcy 破产- Audit 审计- Accounting 会计- Budget 预算- Finance 金融- Venture capital (VC) 风险投资- Private equity (PE) 私募股权- Angel investor 天使投资人- Stock option 股票期权- Dividend 股息- Bonus 奖金- Salary 薪水- Wage 工资- Cost 成本- Price 价格- Profit margin 利润率-Markup 加价- Discount 折扣- Marketing 营销- Advertising 广告- Brand 品牌- Customer 顾客- Sales 销售- Market research 市场调研- Product development 产品开发- Quality control 质量控制- Packaging 包装- Distribution channel 分销渠道- Supply chain management (SCM) 供应链管理- Logistics management 物流管理- Inventory management 库存管理- Just-in-time (JIT) 准时制- Lean manufacturing 精益生产- Total quality management (TQM) 全面质量管理- Six Sigma 六西格玛- ISO 9000 国际标准化组织9000 系列标准- ERP 企业资源规划系统- CRM 客户关系管理系统- SCM 供应链管理系统- B2B 企业对企业电子商务- B2C 企业对消费者电子商务- C2C 消费者对消费者电子商务- Online payment 在线支付- Digital wallet 数字钱包- Cybersecurity 网络安全- Data protection 数据保护- Privacy 隐私- Encryption 加密- Cloud computing 云计算- Artificial intelligence (AI) 人工智能- Blockchain 区块链- Big data 大数据- Internet of Things (IoT) 物联网- 5G 第五代移动通信技术这些只是经贸英语词汇中的一部分，经贸领域非常广泛，涉及到众多专业和行业，因此还有很多其他的词汇和术语。
经济英语词汇大全掌握经济领域的专业术语
经济英语词汇大全掌握经济领域的专业术语经济英语词汇大全——掌握经济领域的专业术语经济英语是专门用于描述经济领域的语言。
掌握经济英语词汇对于从事经济学、国际贸易、金融等相关工作的人来说至关重要。
本篇文章将为您提供一个经济英语词汇大全，帮助您扩充经济领域的专业术语。
一、宏观经济学（Macroeconomics）宏观经济学研究整体经济活动，包括国家的经济增长、通货膨胀率、失业率等。
在宏观经济学中，以下术语是必须掌握的：1. Gross Domestic Product (GDP)：国内生产总值，衡量一个国家或地区在一定时期内生产的所有最终产品和服务的市场价值。
2. Inflation：通货膨胀，指货币流通量增加，导致商品和服务价格普遍上涨的现象。
3. Unemployment Rate：失业率，表示劳动力市场上正在找工作但找不到工作的人口所占的比例。
4. Fiscal Policy：财政政策，指政府通过调整税收和政府支出来影响经济活动的手段。
5. Monetary Policy：货币政策，指中央银行通过调整货币供应量和利率来控制经济增长和通货膨胀的手段。
二、国际贸易（International Trade）国际贸易是指不同国家之间的商品和服务交换活动。
了解以下国际贸易的专业术语可以帮助您更好地理解相关领域的内容：1. Import：进口，指从外国购买商品或服务并引入本国。
2. Export：出口，指本国商品或服务的销售给其他国家。
3. Trade Balance：贸易平衡，指一个国家或地区进口和出口之间的差额。
4. Tariff：关税，是对进口货物征收的税费。
5. Free Trade Agreement：自由贸易协定，是为促进成员国之间贸易自由化而签订的协议。
三、金融（Finance）金融领域涉及金融市场、投资、风险管理等综合性经济活动。
以下是一些金融方面常用的经济英语词汇：1. Stock Market：股票市场，指股票的买卖和交易所的场所。
英语分类词汇 国民经济
国民经济、对外经济贸易常用词汇经济指标 economic indicators社会总产值 total product of society国民生产总值 GNP (Gross Domestic Product)国内生产总值 GDP (Gross Domestic Product)人均国内生产总值 GDP per capita工农业总产值 gross output value of industry and agriculture国民收入 national income购买力平价法 purchasing power parity财政收入 state revenue社会商品零售总额 total volume of retail sales社会零售物价总指数 general retail price index百分点 percentage points"八五"划划 the 8th Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development计划经济 planned economy统购统销 state monopoly over purchase and marketing市场经济 market economy指令性计划 mandatory plan指导性计划 guidance plan市场调节 market regulation建立市场经济、法制、民主监督和廉政"三个机制"establish operational mechanisms of market economy, rule by law, democratic supervision and incorruptible government抓好农业、交通能源、教育科技"三个基础"stress priorities over agriculture, transportation and energy supply, educationand science and technology实现产业结构、生态环境和人口素质"三个优化"optimize industrial structure, ecological environment and the quality of population第一、二、三产业 primary, secondary and tertiary industries外向型经济 export-oriented economy创汇型企业 foreign exchange-earning enterprise劳动密集型 labor intensive技术、智力、资本密集型 technology, knowledge or capital intensive高附加值的深加工 down-stream processing with high added-value优化资源配置 optimize allocation of resources生产力 productive forces生产资料 capital goods科研成果产业化 industrialization of research findings火炬计划 Torch Plan技术入股 technology appraised as capital stock风险投资 venture investment/capital固定资产投资 investment in fixed assets折旧费 depreciation cost关系民生的产品 products vital to the people's livelihood供大于求 oversupply供不应求 short supply经济过热 overheated economy抑制炒房地产热 stem frenzied and speculative trading in the property market宏观调控 macro-economic control经济杠杆 economic levers产业政策 industrial policy财政, 税收, 信贷，利率, 汇率public financing, taxation, credit, interest rate, exchange rate提高经济效益 enhance economic performance/returns社会效益 social effect/returns实现持续、稳定、协调的发展 bring about sustained, stable and coordinated development财政赤字(盈余 ) budget deficit(surplus)外贸出口总额 gross foreign export value外商直接投资协议金额 contracted foreign direct investment实际利用外资 foreign investment in actual use三资企业(中外合资合作、外商独资经营)three kinds of enterprises with foreign investment: sino-foreign joint venture,contractual joint venture允许外商独资经营 allow full foreign equity operation优惠条件 confessional terms; favorable terms减免税收 tax reduction and exemption合作方式 approaches to cooperation出资方式 means of contributing investment合营期限 contract term of a joint venture三来一补 (来料加工,来件装配,来样加工)processing and compensation trades(processing with materials or given samples,assembling supplied components)贸易伙伴 trade partner转口贸易 transit trade外贸顺差 foreign trade surplus积极引进外来资金、技术、人才和管理经验actively introduce capital, technology, competent professionals andmanagerial expertise form outside交钥匙工程 turn-key project招标承包制 bidding invitation contract system招标出售技术 bids for technology公开招标 call for bid; tenders招标单 invitation for bid (IFB)标书 bidding document竟标 competitive bidding投标 bid for a project投标报价书 bid proposals评标 bid proposal evaluation开标 bid opening中标 win a bid; be awarded a tender拍卖 auction租赁 leasing保税区 bonded area; free trade area实行全方位开放 practice multi-directional opening统一政策、放开经营、平等竞争、unified policy, liberalized operation, and equal competition自负盈亏、工贸结合、推行代理制responsibility for one's own profits and losses, the integration of industry andforeign trade, and the promotion of agent system知识产权 intellectual property rights技术转让 technology transfer可行性研究 feasibility study意向书 letter of intent投资环境 investment environment跨国公司 transnational coorporation基础设施 infrastructure20年基本实现现代化 basically achieve modernization in 20 years发挥技术窗口管理窗口和人才窗口的作用serve as a medium for introducing advanced technologies, managerial expertiseand qualified professionals from outside.招商 attract investment招商项目 project proposals for investment同国际惯例接轨follow the international codes of practice; bring … in line with the international usage 加大改革力度 intensify reforms一条龙服务 one package service一支笔审批 one-chop approval我们两市的经济互补性很强。
关于经济的常用词汇
关于经济的常用词汇经济是我们日常生活中经常提及的重要领域，无论是在工作中还是在社交场合中，我们都会遇到各种与经济有关的词汇。
熟悉并理解这些常用词汇对我们了解经济发展的趋势，参与经济活动，以及进行经济分析都至关重要。
本文将介绍一些关于经济的常用词汇。
一、宏观经济1. GDP（Gross Domestic Product）国内生产总值：衡量一个国家或地区经济活动价值的总和。
2. 通货膨胀（Inflation）：指货币供应量增加，导致商品价格普遍上涨的经济现象。
3. 通货紧缩（Deflation）：相对于通货膨胀，通货紧缩指商品价格普遍下降的经济现象。
4. 就业率（Employment Rate）：用于衡量某一地区或国家劳动力的就业状况。
5. 失业率（Unemployment Rate）：指劳动力市场中正在寻找工作但尚未找到的人数占劳动力总数的比例。
二、货币和金融1. 汇率（Exchange Rate）：表示一种货币可以按照指定比例兑换成另一种货币的汇率。
2. 利率（Interest Rate）：指金融机构借贷资金所收取的利息。
3. 货币政策（Monetary Policy）：由中央银行制定和实施，影响货币供应量、利率和金融市场的政策。
4. 资本市场（Capital Market）：指投资者购买和出售长期债务和股权工具的市场。
5. 银行保证金（Bank Reserve）：商业银行需要向中央银行存放一定比例的资金作为储备。
三、国际贸易1. 自由贸易（Free Trade）：指国家之间无限制地进行商品和服务的交易，并消除关税和其他贸易壁垒。
2. 关税（Tariff）：国家对进口货物征收的税费。
3. 贸易逆差（Trade Deficit）：指一个国家出口货物和服务额低于进口货物和服务额的差额。
4. 贸易顺差（Trade Surplus）：相对于贸易逆差，贸易顺差指一个国家出口货物和服务额高于进口货物和服务额的差额。
口译经济常用词汇
经济贸易国民经济常用语中央计划经济centrally planned economy指令性经济mandatory plan网络经济Internet-based economy实证经济学positive economy外向型经济export-oriented economy实体经济the real economy规模经济economies of scale规模不经济diseconomy of scale经济规律laws of economics看不见的手the invisible hand发挥市场调节作用give play to the regulatory role of the market经济和法律的杠杆economic and legal leverages经济计划和市场调节相结合combine economic planning with market regulation 优化资源配置optimize allocations of scale规模经营优势advantage of economies of scale比较优势comparative advantage新凯恩思主义new Keynesian货币主义者monetarist供给学派supply-side economist企业集团business conglomerate全民所有制ownership by the whole people集体所有制collective ownership国有企业state-ownership enterprises(SOEs)集体企业partnership enterprises私营企业private businesses民营企业privately-run businesses中小企业small and medium enterprises(SMEs) 三资企业three forms of foreign-invested enterprises连锁企业franchise/chain businesses下游企业down-stream enterprises高附加值high added value主要经济指标major economic indicator人均国内生产总值GDP per capita工农业总产值gross output value of industry and agriculture 工业增加值industrial added value实际增长率growth rate in real terms年均增长率average growth rate per ammum可持续增长sustainable growth出口导向型增长export-led growth投资驱动增长investment-driven growth增额；增加值increment经济效益economic returns/business performance社会商品零售总额total retail sales百分点percentage point按原口径计算calculate at the base line按不变价格计算calculate at constant price按可比价格计算calculate at comparable price投资回报率rate of return on investment外贸进出口总额total foreign trade value外贸顺差foreign trade surplus逆差deficit实际利用外资foreign investment in place资金到位fully funded财政收入tax revenue国民收入national income总需求曲线aggregate demand curve总供给曲线aggregate supply curve总支出曲线aggregate expenditures curve消费价格指数consumer price index(CIP)零售价格指数retail price index(CPI)生活费用价格总指数total price index of living cost生活费用income available for living expenses扣除物价因素in real terms居民储存存款domestic savings恩格尔系数（食品开支比例）Engel coefficient基尼系数（地区差别）Gini coefficient科斯定理Coase’s theorem购买力平价法purchasing power parity(PPP)片面追求发展速度excessive pursuit of growth经济增长减速slowdown of economic growth泡沫经济bubble economy经济过热overheating of economy炒房地产热frenzied and speculative trading in the property market 三角债chain debts/interenterprise arrears结构失调structural imbalance结构性矛盾突出acute structural imbalance优化结构structural optimization供大于求oversupply供不应求short supply需求拉动的通货膨胀demand-pull inflation恶性通货膨胀hyperinflation滞胀stagflation菲律普曲线（失业与货胀）Phillips cure经济紧缩crunch不景气slump/sluggish衰退recession大萧条great depression负增长negative depression高息集资raise funds by offering high interest超前消费deficit spending收益递减diminishing returns边际效用递减diminishing marginal utility财政赤字（盈余）budget deficit(surplus)瓶颈制约bottleneck constrains双头垄断duopoly提高经济效益enhance economic performance/increase economic returns社会效益beneficial social effect充分就业full employment实现持续，稳定，协调的发展bring about sustained, stable and coordinated development培育新的经济增长点foster new sectors economic growth拉动经济增长fuel economic growth扭亏为盈turn a loss-making business into a profitable one放权让利decentralization and interest concessions深化改革intensify reform/deepen one’s commitment to reforms配套改革supporting (concomitant) reforms配套资金counterpart funds/local funding of改革试点pilot for reform放松管制deregulation权利下放decentralization杠杆率leverage ratio杠杆收购leveraged buyout利改税substitution of tax payment for profit delivery费改税transform administrative fees into taxes债转股debt-to-equity swap充分发挥货币政策的作用give full play to the role of monetary policy事实积极的财政政策follow a pro-active fiscal policy向银行增发国债，扩大投资The government issued additional treasury bonds to banks to increase investment再注资recapitalization放松银根to ease monetary policy收紧银根tighten up monetary policy通货紧缩deflation适度从紧的财政政策moderately tight fiscal policy信用紧缩credit crunch启动民间投资attract investment from the private sector加速国民经济信息化develop information-based economy/accelerate IT application in economy实现经济增长方式的转变effect change in the main source of economic growth (from investment expansion to performance gains)优化经济结构optimize economic structure输入活力bring vigor into扩大内需expand domestic demand改善居民心理预期inspire the general public’s confidence in the future needs鼓励增加即期消费encourage more immediate consumption整顿经济秩序rectify economic order市场潜力转化为现实的购买Market potential turns into tangible purchasing power 基本适度broadly appropriate平衡发展balanced development平稳回升steady recovery普遍回升broad-based recovery软着陆soft landing复式预算制capital and current budgetary account工业成本利润率profit-to-cost ratio规范行为regularize behavior国计民生national interest and people’s livelihood基础设施投资investment in infrastructure基本经济要素economic fundamentals（银行资金）头寸宽裕（头寸紧缺）in an easy position(tight position)招标投标制the system of public bidding for project适销对路的产品the right products/readily marketable products经济特区special economic zones(SEZs)“十五”计划The 10th Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development劳动密集型labor intensive技术，智力，资本密集型technology knowledge or capital intensive高附加值的深加工down-stream processing with high added-value技术入股technology appraised as capital stock风险投资venture investment生产资料capital goods固定资产投资investment in fixed assets折旧费depreciation cost关系国计民生的产品products vital to national economy and people’s livelihood朝阳产业sunrise(emerging) industry承包经营contract for business management承包责任制system for contracted responsibility计件工资制度piece-rate system最高限价price ceiling鼓励give incentive to非公有成分non-public sectors主要成分dominant sector引进；输入importation搞活企业invigorate enterprises经济繁荣economy boom中国现代化三步走战略the three-step development strategy of China’s modernization drive1990年国民生产总值比1980年翻一番GNP91990) doubles that of 19802000年人均国内生产总值比1980年翻两番，人民生活达到小康水平GDP of 2000 guadruples that of 1980;people live a fairy comfortable life.到21世纪中期，达到中等发达国家水平21st century, the lever of development is expected to be a par with the mid-ranking developed countries.新兴工业化国家newly industrialized countries(NICs)商务谈判用语贸易谈判这是我们的价目表This is our price list.您觉得这个报价如何？What did you think about that offer?这些价格是你们的国内价吗？Are these prices for your domestic customers as well. 这些价格也同样使用于海外We apply these prices to overseas customers as well.我们可以还价We may make a counteroffer.市场条件依国家不同而异Market conditions vary from country to country.您应该知道，本地市场竞争很激烈As you may know, the market here is very competitive.换句话说，我们需要较低的价格In other words, we need lower prices.您可以报一个更合适的价格吗？Could you make a more favorable offer?价格因数量而有所不同Prices depend on volume.您对市场怎么预测？What is your estimate of the market?你们的价格高的太离谱了Your prices are much too high.我可以降到70美元，这是最低价了I am prepared to go to 70 US dollars, but no further.那我们暂定在70美元Then, let us shake on 70 US dollars.假如今天下定单，什么时候可以收货？When could I expect to get the supply if I gave you an order today?您可以确定发货日期吗？Could you confirm the dispatch date?产品怎样包装，运输？How are the products packaged and shipped?您打算怎样付款？How would you propose to pay?我们通常在发货后40天内用支票付款We always pay by check 40 days after dispatch..我们必须有信用证才能出货We always ask for a letter of credit before dispatch.贵公司可以做我们的经销商，但不是代理商，同意吗？Your company can become our distributor, but not agent. Do you agree?经销商指的是贵公司可以自行出货，并以合理的差价卖出By distributor, I mean that your company may buy the products on your own account, and resell them with a reasonable markup.代理商指的是贵公司以抽佣金方式卖我们公司的产品By agent, I mean that your company may sell the products on behalf of my company and receives commission. 合资经营谈判下一步，假如该产品畅销，我们可以考虑在本地直接生产Thinking ahead, assuming that the product sells well, we may consider the possibility of producing it here.我们公司必须对这样的合资企业拥有控股权Our company must have a controlling interest in such joint venture.股权比例可以商量，不排除各占50 的合资We are flexible about the ownership ratio and do not rule out a 50/50 JV.我认为，50对50的投资比例行不通I do not believe a 50/50 venture is workable. 我建议可以考虑采取合伙制形式I suggest we consider the form of partnership.如何确定股权价值How would the value of equity be determined?该合资企业有什么负责人？What kind of officers does the JV have?由谁来提名这些负责人？Who would nominate the officers?总裁任期时间多久？What is the duration of the term of CEO?我方已有几个总裁人选We have a few CEO candidates in mind.由于总部开会都用汉语，总裁如果是中国人，沟通就比较方便Since meetings are held at our head office and carried out in the Chinese language, it would facilitate communication if the CEO is a Chinese.某些重要的管理事项必须有董事或股东一致同意Some important items regarding the management shall be effected only by unanimous consent of all the board members or shareholders.如果事情经过讨论还无法解决，则由合资公司母公司会议决定If it is still unresolved after discussion, the case shall be referred to a meeting of the presidents of the parent company for a final decision.我方认为，成功的关键之一在于确保不断地更新换代We believe that one of the keys to success is to ensure an on-going updating and upgrading.协议书谈判现在该讨论协议书了吧Perhaps it is time to discuss the agreement.如果一切都令人满意，我们可以起草一份合同If everything is satisfactory, we can draw up a formal contract.我想概括一下双方商定的要点If I may, I would like to summarize the points we agreed upon.如果您同意，我提议由我方草拟草案I propose we prepare the draft if you agree. 我们有一些参考资料We have some documents as model.我们回根据这个标准合同准备一份草案We prepare a draft according to this standard contract.是否请双方律师出席下次会议？Should both of us have our lawyers present in our next meeting?实际上我方已经请了一家知名的律师事物所着手起草了In fact we have asked a reputable law firm to start drafting.我想请您说明几个问题Could I ask you to clarify a few points?请问合同中的“吨”是怎么界定的？How is the term “ton” defined in the proposed contract?哪一方有权终止合同？Which party has the ultimate right to terminate the contract? 这一条跟您的说明并不一致I think this clause and your explanation are at odds with each other.我方找不到“不可抗力”条款We cannot find a force majeure clause.我们疏忽遗漏了，非常抱歉We must have slipped. I apologize for the oversight.但我们确实不是故意的But I assure you it was not intentional.我想更具体的商议一下担保条件I would like to discuss the terms of warranty in more detail.我方认为，合同书里不应该写上这么模糊的条款We do not think we should leave such an ambiguous clause in the contract.这一条并没有表达我的观点I am afraid this clause does not address the points I raised.坦率地说，第8段对我方并不公平Frankly speaking, I do not think Paragraph 8 is fair to us.贵方的改动同双方商定的条件有很大的出入The revision you present is far from the terms we agreed upon.除非恰当地加上…，否则我们无法再谈下去We cannot proceed any further unless you properly incorporate.我们得想方设法就这个遗留问题达成共识We need to make a renewed effort to come to some accord on this remaining issue.如果贵方接受我方的第二款的意见，我方愿意对第三款作让步We are wiling to bend on clause 3 if you can accept our position on clause 2.我们认为，我方已对贵方的条件采取了折中的办法We believe we have met your terms halfway.对这个条件，我们已经没有回旋的余地了We have no room for maneuver on this term.按我们公司政策规定，这一条只能如此Our company’s policy dictates that this clause has to be as it is.只剩下一个问题没解决，我得向我们公司领导层汇报，请他们研究There is only one pending issue. I must report to our management for their deliberation.今晚加把劲，完成协议书文本，我们明天就可以签约If we work a little harder tonight to finish the text of the agreement, we can be ready for signing tomorrow.对外经济合作经济交流economic exchange对外经济交流economic cooperation(business partnership) concerning foreign interests“引进来”strategy of “Attracting Foreign Investment”“走出去”strategy of “Going Global”国家标准化组织International Organization for Standardization(ISO)闭关政策“closed-door” (exclusion) policy闭关自守cut oneself off from the outside world实行全方位开放All regions and sectors are open up.大经贸战略strategy of broadly-based foreign trade and economic cooperation营造良好的投资环境forest a favorable investment climate软环境intangible infrastructure扩大对外投资的开放领域expand the scope for FDI取消或进一步放宽外商投资限制eliminate or future relax restrictions on foreign investment鼓励外资的税收政策tax incentives for attracting foreign investment出口退税制度system of refunding taxes on exported goods保证金台账制度deposit account system for processing trade免二减三exemption for income tax for the first 2 years of making profit and 50% tax reduction for the following 3 years积极引进外来资金，技术，人才和管理经验actively introduce capital, technology, competent professionals and managerial expertise from outside国际竞争性招标international competitive bidding跨国公司multinational corporation实行国民待遇grant national treatment to可行性研究feasibility study投资协议金额contracted foreign direct investment实际利用外资foreign investment in actual use利用外资utilization of foreign capital吸收外资foreign capital intake合作方式approach to cooperation外商独资经营wholly foreign-owned operation外商控股controlling foreign equity合资经营equity joint合作经营contractual joint venture合营期限contract term of a joint venture三来一补three-forms of OEM and compensation trades 来料加工processing with materials来件装配processing with given samples来样加工assembling supplied components专有技术know-how统包工程turn-key project租赁leasing优惠条件concessional/favorable terms减免税收tax reduction and exemption投资重点investment priority现汇spot exchange实物investment in kind工业产权industrial property外资企业本地化naturalization of foreign enterprise外资企业国有化nationalization of foreign enterprise零部件国产化比率rate of local contents of components 外债external debt国际通行做法universal practice公开招标open bidding招标call for bid/tender invitation招标文件tender documents协议招标negotiated bidding投标保证金tender bond投标bid for/submission of tender document标价bid price/quotation投标策略tender’s tactics评标tender assessment开标tender opening定标award of contract废标rejection of all bids中标win a tender/a bidding接受外方股东担保accept guarantee provided by foreign shareholders外汇质押foreign exchange collateral securities中国外汇指定银行designates Chinese bank dealing in foreign exchange business 涉外经济法律foreign-related economic law世界贸易组织前身关税及经贸总协定General Agreement of Tariff and Trade(GATT)缔约方contracting parties正式而言，关贸总协定是法律文书Officially GATT was a legal text.关贸总协定管的只是货物贸易GATT dealt only with trade in goods.乌拉圭回合The Uruguay Round, the largest trade negotiation under GATT throughout the world.性质及对比关贸总协定世界贸易组织是世界上独一无二的处理国家之间贸易规则的世界性组织，其核心是世贸协议The World Trade Organization(WTO) is the only international body dealing with the rules of trade between nations. At its heart are the WTO agreements. 世界贸易组织及世贸协议是永久性的The WTO and its agreements are permanent.成员的立法机构批准了世贸协议Members have ratified the WTO agreements.协议本身描述了世贸的运作The agreements themselves describe hoe the WTO is to function.世贸还管服务贸易和知识产权The WTO covers services and intellectual property as well.世贸争端解决体系更迅速，更主动The WTO dispute settlement system is faster, more automatic.其裁决不受阻挠Its rulings cannot be blocked.国民待遇-给予外国人和本国人一样的待遇national treatment-giving others the same treatment as one’s own nationals宗旨使贸易尽可能自由流动help trade flow as freely as possible作为一个贸易谈判的论坛serve as a forum for trade negotiations争端解决settle disputes原则非歧视without discrimination更利于欠发达国家more beneficial for less developed countries组织结构总理事会General Council货物贸易理事会Council for Trade in goods与贸易有关的知识产权理事会Council for Trade-related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights服务贸易理事会Council for Trade in service仲裁小组Dispute Settlement Panel上诉法庭Appellate Body最不发达国家高级别会议High-lever Meeting for LDCs有关术语诸边协议（几个世贸成员之间）Plurilaterals(signed by only a few WTO membersthan all)最惠国待遇most-favored-nation treatment免费搭车者free-rider多边贸易体系multilateral trade system行业谈判sectoral negotiations最初谈判权initialing rights(INRs)《识产权协议》Agreement on Intellectual Property Rights自然人流动presence of natural person加入议定书Protocol on the Accession国营贸易产品products subjects to state trading指定经营产品products subjects to designating trading（农业）黄箱政策yellow box policy（农业）综合支持总量total aggregate measurement of support(Total AMS) （农业）微量支持水平deminimis level市场准入market access非关税措施取消时间表non-tariff measures subject to phased elimination需逐步取消的补贴subsidies to be phased out关税配额tariff quotas优惠关税preferential tariff非关税减让non-tariff concessions进口配额import quota非配额产品quota-free products进口渗透import penetration基础税率base tariff level进口环节税import linkage tax反补贴税countervailing规避circumvention倾销dumping sales反倾销措施anti-dumping measures against交叉报复cross retaliate透明度transparency更明确的产品安全标准规定clearer criteria for regulations dealing with the safety standards of products比较优势产业industries with comparative advantage《关于争端解决规则与程序的谅解》Understanding on Rules and Procedures Governing the Settlement of Disputes妥善解决争端resolve disputes peacefully and constructively上诉机构appeal body《北美自由贸易协定》North American Free Trade Agreement(NAFTA)东盟自由贸易区ASEAN Free Area东部和南部非洲共同市场Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa(COMESA)对外贸易外贸量quantum of foreign trade转口贸易entrepot trade有行贸易visible trade无形贸易invisible trade无纸贸易electronic data interchange记账贸易trade with payment open account零沽交易odd lots trading出口替代政策export substitute policy《国际贸易标准分类》Standard International Trade Classification(SITC)知识产权贸易trade of intellectual-property非货物贸易non-merchandise trade建筑工程服务construction engineering service贸易差额balance of trade贸易顺差trade surplus贸易逆差trade deficit入超excess of foreign imports出超excess of foreign exports外销上升strong export sales减缓增幅sluggish increase互通有无mutual exchange of needed products国际分工international division of labor布雷顿林体系Bretton Woods System关税的初高点initial height of the tariff关税减让tariff concession关税升级tariff escalation关税优惠tariff preference关税自主tariff autonomy关税最高限额tariff ceiling对外贸易仲裁委员会Foreign Trade Arbitration Commission贸易自由化trade liberalization多边贸易体系multilateral trading system进口许可证制度import license system外贸管制foreign trade control进出口经营权power to engage in import and export trade掠夺性倾销predatory dumping外贸国家垄断制foreign trade under state monopoly法治rule of law入世accede to WTO与世界经济的联系更密切be more closely linked to the world economy适应市场经济需要的法律体系还不够健全The regulatory and legal system is not well established to the demand of market economy.经济管理体制可能会出现一些不适应THE economic management system may not be readily adapted to the changes.一些行业和企业可能会受到一些冲击Some sectors of economy and some businesses may be adversely affected.苛刻的条件harsh terms立足中国国情，发挥自身优势processed from national conditions in China and bring our advantages into play扬长避短，趋利弊害，迎接经济全球化的挑战foster strengths, circumvent weaknesses and rise to the challenge of economic globalization深化国有企业改革intensify reform on state-owned enterprises增强技术创新能力increase capability of technological innovation增强市场竞争能力enhance competitiveness on the market增强抗风险能力improve risk management统一政策，放开经营，平等竞争unified policy, liberalized operation, equal completion自负盈亏，工贸结合，推行代理制responsibility for one’s own profits and losses, integration of industry and foreign trade, and promotion of agent system守约，保质，薄利，重信observe agreement, guarantee quality, make small profits and value good faith外汇存留retention of foreign exchange保税仓库bonded warehouse互惠合同reciprocal contract国际结算international settlements国际收支条款BOP(Balance-of-payments) Provisions出口收汇核销单paper for verification of export earnings出口许可证制export license system出口波动补偿资助compensatory financing出口信贷国家担保制export credit guarantee system出口市场多样化diversification of overseas market出口退税foreign export rebate(drawback)出口提单export bill of landing《国际贸易术语解释通则》International of Trade Terms/Incoterms国际商会International Chamber of Commerce习惯做法course of dealing工厂交货EX works (EXW)船边交货free alongside ship(FCA)船上交货free on board(FOB)成本加运费cost and freight(CFR)许可证，其他许可和手续license, authorization and formalities 到岸价格cost, insurance and freight(CIF)运费，保险费付至carriage and insurance paid to(CIP)边境交货delivered at frontier(DAF)目的港船上交货delivered ex ship (DES)目的港码头交货delivered ex quay(DEQ)未完税交货delivered duty unpaid(DDU)清关customs clearance对外承包工程contracted projects in other countries对外经济援助economic-aid to other countries经济援助项目economic-aid to projects援款协议financial-aid受援国recipient countries专家组specialist groups实物援助assistance in kind电子商务身份认证authentication认证机构certification authority(CA)支付前通知advance notification of payment装运前通知advance shipment notice(ASN)自动交换中心automated clearing houses(ACH)自动取款机automated teller machine(ATM)条形码bar coding伪签名blind signature网关gateway资金集中与支付cash concentration and disbursement(CCD) 审查芯片clipper chip消费者电子数据交换consumer EDI永续更新continuous replenishment(CR)公司交易支付corporate trade payments(CTP)电子数据交换成本costs of EDI数据编码加密标准data encryption standard(DES)计账卡debit card支付服务disbursement services非居间化disintermediation重复付款double spending电子数据交换银行联合网络EDIBANX电子数据交换网关EDI gateways电子数据交换集线路EDI hubs电子数据交换翻译软件EDI translation software消费者有效应答efficient consumer response(ECR)电子商品目录e-catalog电子商务标准设定electronic commerce standard-setting 财政预算财政预算fiscal budget临时预算extraordinary budget预算收入budgetary revenue预算支出budgetary expenditure预算赤字budgetary deficit预算盈余budgetary surplus外汇收入earnings from foreign exchange行政管理费administrative costs自筹投资项目self-financed projects税收税收政策tax policy税收征收管理法Law on Tax Collection and Administration 分税制revenue-sharing税收管理权限划分division of tax administration power流转税turnover tax增值税value-added tax(V AT)汇总所得税consolidated income tax土地增值税land appreciation tax房地产交易税real estate transaction tax城镇土地使用税urban land use tax公路通行税road toll人头税poll tax不动产税real estate tax印花税stamp duty亏损依前扣除loss carry back亏损依后扣除loss carry forward销项税额output V AT进项税额input V AT应纳税额tax payable扣税凭证tax credit document完税凭证tax payment certificate组成计税价格composite value起征点taxable threshold法定税率legal tax rate名义税率nominal tax rate实际税率effective tax rate边际税率marginal tax rate累进税率progressive tax rate扣除额deductibles加成征税mark-up重复征税cascading taxation共享收入按入库级次分管Shared revenue will be administered at different levels according to where they are remitted to the treasury按次纳税pay tax on a transaction basis固定资产投资方向调节税tax on investment in fixed assets to rationalize such investment国有土地有偿使用收入income from the use of the state-owned land估税员tax assessor税收裁定adjudication of tax企业所得税corporate income tax个人所得税personal income tax税率tax rate偷税defraud revenue滞纳金late payment penalties货币流通货币circulating medium流通额circulation发行货币issue currency货币回笼withdrawal of currency from circulation电子货币electronic currency信用货币credit currency假钞票counterfeit (bogus) money自由兑换货币convertible currencies货币贬值currency devaluation货币升值currency appreciation融资金融机构financial institution储蓄银行savings bank银行支行sub-branch bank信用社credit cooperative银行保险基金Bank Insurance Fund银行抵押业务mortgage banking储蓄存款savings deposit定期存期time deposit活期存期demand deposit本金principal利息interest个人理财personal financing家庭银行home banking汇款remittance国际金融市场international financial market借贷市场loan market风险资本risk capital/venture capital存款保证金guaranty money for deposits不动产real estate商业贷款commercial loan住房抵押贷款residential mortgage loan学生贷款student loan无息贷款interest-free loan金融监管与国际市场接轨integrate with the world market整顿金融秩序reorganize financial order规范金融、保险业to regulate finance and insurance industries 金融诈骗financial fraud亚洲金融危机Asian financial crisis (1997---1998)管理机制不健全unsound internal governance mechanism风险管理risk management坚持严格的贷款标准maintain strong underwriting standards银行挤兑run on bank保险保险费premium保单分红方法method of policy dividend allocation理赔claim settlement索赔claim for compensation保险责任终止termination of coverdepositor forgery bond 存款票据伪造保证保险mortgage insurance 抵押保险endowment with term insurance 定期保障养老保险workmen’s compensation insurance 工人工伤（血养) 保险cargo marine insurance 海上货物运输保险navigation risk insurance 航行风险保险aviation accident insurance 航空意外事故保险Homeowner’s A Policy 家主A种保险inland marine insurance 陆海运输保险ticket stub insurance 旅客意外伤害保险endowment (life) insurance 人寿定期保险life insurance with dividend 人寿分红保险exchange risk insurance 外汇风险保险out-servant insurance 外勤人员保险universal life insurance 万能寿险casualty accident insurance 意外伤害保险life annuity insurance 终生年金保险证券股票default-free securities 安全证券non-negotiable securities 非流通证券debenture (UK) 债券treasury bill (T-bills) 短期国库券treasury bond 长期国库券mortgage bond 抵押债券redeemable bond 可回赎债券share options 股票期权nominal partner 挂名股东speculate in the stock market 炒股preferred stock (US) 优先股convertible stock 可转换股票letter stock 非公开上市股票private placement 配售high-tech share 高科技股price-earnings ratio (PE) 市盈率bonus stock 红利股票gilt-edged securities 金边证券seasoned securities 稳妥的股票blue chip 蓝筹股margin stock 差额股票cat and dogs 底价值股票barometer stock 晴雨表股票scrip 准股票NASDAQ 纳斯达克高技术企业板go public 公开上市go on a road show 巡回推荐公司quoted company 上市公司prospectus 招股书gross margin 毛利balance sheet 资产负债表portfolio 资产组合paid-up capital 实收资本return on equity (ROE) 股本收益率interest coverage ratio 盈息率provisions 准备金underwrite securities 承销nominal value 面值stock code 股票代码stock clearing corp 股票交割公司over-subscription 超额认购Nikkei Index 日经指数Reuter’s Index 路透商品行情指数stockbroker 证券经纪人quotating 证券行情board lot 上牌指数current rate knock down price 成交价odd-lot trading 碎股交易bull market 牛市jump 暴涨limit up 涨停板ballooning 上涨corner the market 大量买进股票afternoon buyer 趁跌吸进的人liquidating market 大量抛出long stock 看涨时买下的股票close-out 收盘pyramiding 金字塔式控股futures trading 期货交易futures-physical ratio 期货-现货比率manipulation of securities market 操纵证券市场China Securities Regulatory Commission (CSRC) 中国证监会manipulation on stock exchange 证券交易投机活动principle of good faith 诚信原则non-executive director (NED)非执行董事sponsor 保荐人hedge fund 对冲基金Global Depository Receipts (NED) 全球存拖凭证disclosure 信息披露insider dealing 内幕交易商品labor-intensive product 劳动密集型商品up-stream product 上游商品technology-intensive product技术密集型商品certified goods 正品choice goods 精品brandnames 品牌货knock-out product 拳头产品the right product 适销对路产品run-of-the-mill goods 大路货dull goods 冷门货smuggled goods 水货articles of daily use 日用百货non-staple food 副食品marine product 海货fair-price goods 平价商品export goods withdrawn for sale on home market 出口转内销商品semi-finished articles 半成品end product 成品inventory 库存parity rate 比价merchandiser 贸易商价格wholesale price 批发价administered price 内定价net price 实价concluded price 成交价fluctuations 大涨大落special offer 酬宾价closing price 收盘价state-listed price 国营牌价monopolized sector 垄断行业price monitoring 物价监控price ceiling 价格上限procurement price 采购价nominal price 虚价clearance price 清仓价spiral 盘旋上升spurt 突然高涨price has tobogganed 突然下降销售market conditions 行情market potential 市场潜在需求量institutional purchasing power 集团购买力market access 市场准入market segmentation 市场分割market feeling 市场人心find inroad into the market 打入市场outlets 销售点sales on a commission basis 代销dealer 经销商be on the sale行销gross margin on sales 市场毛利net profit 净利lackluster sales 销售平淡sluggish market 萧条市场brisk trading 交投活跃shotgun approach 突击销售法sell on domestic market 内销tied sale 搭售be reluctant to sell out 惜售turnover 周转hire purchase 分期付款total contract 成交总额profiteer 倒爷scalp 倒买倒卖企业管理zero-defect control 零缺陷管理theory of throng relationship 人群关系论duality theory 对偶理论business econometrics 计量经济学operational research 运筹学contingency theory 权变理论cybernetics 控制论。
中国对外贸易经济合作交际司常用词汇
中国对外贸易经济合作交际司常用词汇债转股debt-to-equity swap港元的联系汇率制the linkage system between the US dollar and the HK dollar坏帐、呆帐、死帐bad account/ dead account/ uncollectible account/bad debt/ bad loan反倾销措施anti-dumping measures against ……通货紧缩deflation通货膨胀inflation非配额产品quota-free products非生产性投资investment in non-productive projects风险管理/评估risk management/ assessment风险基金venture capital风险准备金loan loss provision/ provisions of risk搞活国有大中型企业revitalize large and medium-sized state owned enterprises规模经济scale economy/ economies of scale国合企业（即国有合作社）state-owned cooperatives国际收支balance of international payments/ balance of payment国际收支不平衡disequilibrium of balance of payment国家补贴public subsidies国家现汇结存state foreign exchange reserves合理引导消费guide rational consumption季节性调价seasonal price adjustments既成事实established/accomplished facts技工贸结合的科技型企业scientific and technological enterprises that integrate scientific and technological developmentwith industrial and trade development劳动密集性企业labor-intensive enterprises乱集资、乱摊派、乱收费unwarranted pooling of funds, arbitrary requisition of donations and exaction of fees from enterprises/ unauthorized pooling of funds, compulsory donations and random levies on enterprises千年问题、千年虫millennium bug企业技术改造technological updating of enterprises企业亏损补贴subsidies to cover enterprise losses实行国民待遇grant the national treatment to平等互利、讲求实效、形式多样、共同发展的方针pursuing practical results, adopting various waysand seeking common development/ the principle of equality, mutual benefit, efficiency, diversity andmutual development瓶颈制约bottleneck”restrictions关贸总协定GA TT (General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade)世界贸易组织WTO (World Trade Organization)乌拉圭回合Uruguay Round最惠国贸易地位(待遇)MFN (Most-favored-nation)(Treatment)争端解决机构Dispute Settlement Body《关于争端解决规则与程序的谅解》DSU(Understanding on Rules and Procedures Governing the Settlement of Disputes)动植物卫生检疫措施SPS (Sanitary and Phytosanitary Standard )（农产品）综合支持量AMS (Aggregate Measurement of Support)(《农产品协议》)特殊保障SSG (Special Safeguard)《纺织品与服装协议》A TC (Agreement on Textiles and Clothing)《服务贸易总协定》GA TS (General Agreement on Trade in Services)《信息技术协议》ITA (Information Technology Agreement)《多种纤维协定》MFA (Multifibre Agreement)《北美自由贸易协定》NAFTA(North American Free Trade Agreement)东盟自由贸易区ASEAN Free Trade Area东部和南部非洲共同市场COMESA(Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa)南方共同市场（或称南锥体共同市场）MERCOSUR (Southern Common Market)南亚区域合作联盟SAARC (South Asian Association for Regional cooperation)贸易与发展委员会Committee on Trade and Development贸易与环境委员会Committee on Trade and Environment欧洲自由贸易联盟EFTA (European Free Trade Association)联合国粮农组织FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nation)国际贸易中心ITC (International Trade Center)国际贸易组织ITO (International Trade Organization)国际贸易组织临时委员会ICITO (Interim Commission for the International Trade Organization)国际劳工组织ILO (International Labor Organization)国际货币基金组织IMF (International Monetary Fund)国际标准化组织ISO (International Organization for Standardization)经济合作与发展组织OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development)联合国贸易与发展会议UNCTAD (United Nations Conference on Trade and Development)联合国开发计划署UNDP (United Nations Development Program)联合国环境署UNEP (United Nations Environment Program)世界海关组织WCO (World Customs Organization)世界知识产权组织WIPO (World Intellectual Property Organization)非洲、加勒比和太平洋国家集团（洛美协定）ACP(African, Caribbean and Pacific Group)（补贴协议）可诉补贴Actionable Subsidy（农产品国内支持）"黄箱"措施Amber Box Measures(解决争端)上诉Appeal上诉机构Appeal Body《巴塞尔公约》（有关危险废弃物的多边环境协定）Basel Convention《伯尔尼公约》（有关保护文学和艺术作品版权的公约）Berne Convention基础税率BaseTariff Level（农产品国内支持）蓝箱措施Blue Box Measures国际收支条款BOP(Balance-of-payments) Provisions既定日程Built-in Agenda约束水平Bound Llevel食品法典委员会CAC(Codex Alimentarius Commission)（欧盟）共同农业政策Common Agriculture Policy《生物多样性公约》CBD(Convention on Biological Diversity)规避Circumvention《濒危物种国际贸易公约》Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species（服务贸易）商业存在Commercial Presence（服务贸易）境外消费Consumption Abroad（服务贸易）跨境交付Cross Border Supply(解决争端)申诉方Complaint(解决争端)被诉方Defendant反补贴税Countervailing Duty反向通知Counter-notification交叉报复Cross Retaliation货币贸易理事会CTG(Council for Trade in Goods)货币留成制度Currency Retention Scheme海关完税价值Customs V alue海关估价Customs V aluation直接支付Direct payment国内产业Domestic industry国内生产Domestic production国内补贴Domestic subsidy(农产品)国内支持Domestic support电子商务Electronic Commerce环保型技术EST(Environmentally-sound technology)采取措施前Ex ante采取措施后Ex post出口实绩Export performance出口补贴Export subsidy（解决争端）调查结果Findings粮食安全Food security免费搭车者(享受其他国家最惠国待遇而不进行相应减让的国家)Free-rider（知识产权）地理标识Geographical indications转基因生物GMOs (Genetically Modified Organisms)政府采购Government procurement（农产品国内支持）绿箱措施Green Box measures灰色区域措施Grey area measures拉美国家在WTO中的非正式集团GRULACWTO最不发达国家高级别会议HLM (WTO High-level Meeting for LDCs)协调制度（商品名称及编码协调制度）HS (Harmonized Commodity and Coding System)《里斯本条约》（有关地理标识及其国际注册）Lisbon Agreement国际劳工组织ILO (International Labor Organization)国际货币基金组织IMF (International Monetary Fund)进口押金Import deposits进口许可Import licensing 进口渗透Import penetration进口替代Import substitution进口附加税Import surcharge进口差价税Import variable duties最初谈判权(初谈权) INRs (Initial Negotiating Rights)(纺织品与服装、农产品)一体化进程Integration process国际兽疫组织International Office of Epizootics知识产权IPRs (Intellectual property rights) 国际纺织品服装局ITCB (International Textile and Clothing Bureau)产品生命周期分析LCA(Life Cyc le Analysis)最不发达国家LDCs (Least-developed countries)许可费License fee同类产品Like product当地含量Local content市场准入Market access专门的营销机构Market boards实质损害Material injury模式Modalities配额调整条款modulation of quota clause 《蒙特利尔议定书》(有关保护大气臭氧层的多边环境协定) Montreal Protocol(农业)多功能性Multifunctionality(服务贸易)自然人National Person国民待遇National treatment新议题New issues通知义务Notification obligation(利益的)丧失和减损Nullification and impairment有秩序的市场安排Orderly marketarrangements(争端解决)专家组Panel《巴黎公约》(关于保护工业知识产权的公约) Paris Convention(《农业协议》中关于反补贴的)和平条款Peace clause诸边协议Plurilateral agreement(服务贸易)自然人流动Presence of natural person生产补贴Production subsidy皮包公司flying-by-night company; boguscompany放松银根ease monetary policy流动人口floating population企业的自我约束机制self-regulating mechanism of enterprises贪图安逸crave comfort and pleasure消费膨胀inflated consumption信息化informationize无氟冰箱freon-free refrigerator无纸交易paperless transaction适销对路的产品readily marketable products倒爷profiteer机构臃肿overstaffing in (government) organizations机构重叠organizational overlapping利改税substitution of tax payment for profit delivery经常性的财政收入regular revenues慢性萧条chronic depression双重轨制two-tier system / double-track system就业前培训pre-job training岗位培训on-the-job training对外项目承包foreign project contracting劳务合作labor service cooperation外援方式modality of foreign aid自1999年1月1日起实行come into official enforcement as of January 1, 1999所有制形式forms of ownership以试点的形式实行外贸权自动登记制度implement an automatic registration system of foreign trading rights on a trial basis风险管理/评估risk management/ assessment 国家鼓励项目projects listed as encouraged by the state<<中华人民共和国保护台湾同胞投资实施条例>> Implementation Rules of the P.R.C. on the Protection of Investments by Compatriots from Taiwan部长级会议ministerial meeting公正合理equitable and rational抢得先机take the preemptive opportunities 减免债务reduce and cancel debts工程项目engineering project同步增长increase in the same pace摆脱亚洲金融危机的影响shake off the impact of the financial crisis走上良性发展的轨道going on the track of sound progress工业增加值industrial added value固定资产投资investment in the fixed assets 建材building materials累计实现顺差143.4美元accumulatively realizing trade surplus注入新的生机与活力bring new vigor and vitality into配件accessories备件spare parts进口环节税import linkage tax营业税turnover tax企业所得税corporate income tax抵免offset省会provincial capital直辖市municipality directly under the central government龙头产品flagship product现代企业制度modern corporate system实行股份制enforce stockholding system控股公司holding company自主经营,自负盈亏responsible for their own management decisions, profits and losses 在巩固公有制主体地位的同时,促进多种所有制经济共同发展alongside fortifying the status of the public ownership as the mainstay,it is also encouraged to witness common development of different systems of ownership形成统一、开放和竞争有序的市场establishan unified, open market with orderlycompetition国家科技创新体系State Scientific andTechnological Innovation System帮助人才脱颖而出help excellent talents find way to distinction清理、修订screen and modify水利water conservation转化经营机制change the method of operation中介服务组织intermediary service organizationdual purpose exports 军民两用品出口dual-use goods and technology 军民两用产品和技术NAFTA North American Free Trade Area 北美自由贸易区global quota 全球配额grandfather clause 祖父条款Animal-derived food 动物源食品EVSL (Early V oluntary Sectoral Liberalization) 部门提前自愿自由化TILF (Trade and Investment Liberalization and Facilitation) 贸易和投资自由化和便利化国际清算international settlement商住和公益设施建设commercial,residential and public utility construction广开就业门路increase employment opportunities; create jobs in every possible way; open up more channels of employment自由浮动汇率free floating exchange rate;variable exchange rate资本项目capital account经常项目current account求同存异overcome differences and seek common ground防伪标志anti-fake label出口创汇型产业export-oriented industry 盘活存量资产revitalize stock assets竟价投标competitive bidding协议投标negotiated bidding横向兼并horizontal merger垂直兼并vertical merger垃圾融资junk financing货币市场money market申报制度reporting system; income declaration systemshipping service company 船务公司generic products 非商标(非专利)产品prudent monetary policy稳健的货币政策deficit spending 超前消费run on banks (到银行)挤兑domestic support to agriculture 对农业的国内支持special bonds 特种债券economy of abundance 富裕经济CAGA(compound annual growth average) 年复合增长率Animal-based protein 动物源性蛋白GMO (genetically modified organism) 转基因组织VOD (video-on-demand) 视频点播AOD (audio-on-demand) 音频点播市场准人的行政管理措施AAMA：Administrative Aspects of Market Access亚太工商咨询理事会ABAC：APEC Business Advisory Council亚太商业论坛ABF：APEC Business Forum 亚太通讯与数据系统ACDS：APEC Communications and Database System亚太中小企业技术交流与培训中心ACTETSME：APEC Center for Technology Exchangeand Training for Small and Medium Enterprises亚洲开发银行ADB: Asian Development Bank亚太经合组织经济领导人会议AELM：APEC Economic Leaders Meeting东盟自由贸易区AFTA：ASEAN Free TradeArea亚太经合组织部长级会议AMM：APECMinisteriaI Meeting澳新紧密经济关系协定ANZCERTA：Australia New Zealand Closer Economic Relations Trade Agreement亚太商业网络APB-Net：Asia-PacificBusiness Network亚太经济合作组织APEC：Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation亚太能源研究中心APERC：Asia Pacific Energy Research Center亚太信息基础设施APII：Asia-PacificInformation Infrastructure亚太实验室认可合作APLAC：Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation亚太法定计量论坛APLMF：Asia PacificLegal Metrology Forum亚太计量程序APMP：Asia Pacific Metrology Program东南亚国家联盟ASEAN：Association of South-East Asian Nations亚欧会议ASEM：Asia-Europe Meeting农业技术合作A TC：Agricultural Technical Cooperation中央处理器CPU(Central Processing Unit)计算机辅助设计CAD(Computer-Aided Design)互联网普及率Internet Penetration网民Cyber Citizen网络犯罪Cyber Crime网络城市, 虚拟城市Cyber City数字鸿沟Digital Divide智能学校Smart Schools多功能卡Multipurpose Card软件开发Software Development内容开发Content Development数字化商业Digital Business信息化Informationization, Network-based Information Flow软件包Software Packages申请注册域名Domain Name Application and Registration 虚拟空间V irtual Space局域网Intranet脑图Mind Map便携式电脑Portable Computer; Laptop;Notebook Computer个人数字助理PDA---Personal Digital Assistant掌上电脑Palm Computer路由器Router网络管理员Network Administrator网络经济Cyber Economy以太网Ethernet服务提供者ISP-Internet Service Provider网络计算机NC: Network Computer多媒体个人电脑MPC: Multimedia Personal Computer多媒体扩展MMX: 是MultiMediaeXtensions兆赫MHz Mega Hertz视频图形阵列VGA:Video Graphics Array 三维摄影室3D Studio: Three Dimension Studio虚拟现实VR：Virtual Reality原始设备制造商OEM：Original Equipment Manufacturer即插即用PNP：Plug and Play乐器数字接口MIDI：Musical InstrumentDigital Interface运动图像专家组MPEG:Motion Picture Experts Group域名Domain Name拨号连接Dial-up ConnectionCustoms Bond 海关担保Surety Company 担保公司Principle 本人Carrier 承运人Attorney 代理人/委托人Freight Forwarder 货运代理Jointly and Severally Liable For 负连带责任Liquidated Damages 违约赔偿金Solvency 偿付能力Security 抵押品/保证金Power of Attorney 委托书Make a Complete Entry 正式/完整申报CFR(Code of Federal Regulations) 美国联邦政府行政法规汇编Bill of Lading 提单Condemned Goods 有问题的货物Customs Liquidation 清关Customs Clearance 结关Court Costs 诉讼费用Disposition of Merchandise 货物处置trunk line 长途中继线incumbent operator 主导运营商urban duct 城市管道number inquiry 号码查询interconnection （电信网络间的）互联universal service 普遍服务fixed line penetration 固定电话普及率packet switched data 分组交换数据circuit switched data 电路交换数据long-run incremental cost 长期增量成本rights of way 破路权，开路权spectrum management 频谱管理cross-subsidies 交叉补贴packaging service 打包服务，套餐服务private circuit 专用线路scarce resources 稀缺资源。
经济贸易类等专有名词
经济贸易类等专有名词一 、经济贸易类1. 改革产业结构 reform the structure of industries2. 亏损企业 loss-making enterprises3. 搞活企业 enliven enterprises4. 加快现代化步伐 quicken the modernization drive5. 跨国公司 transnational corporation / multinational corporation6. 乡镇企业 township enterprises7. 国有企业 state-owned enterprises8. 合资企业 joint ventures9. 解放生产力 emancipate/ liberate productivity10. 振兴国家经济 invigorate our state economy11. 实行股份制 introduce the shareholding system12. 全面深化改革 deepen reform all round13. 提高经济效益 improve economic results14. 增进效益 increase economic returns15. 宏观经济调控 macro-economic control and management16. 经济实力 economic strength17. 经济转轨 economic transformation18. 经营机制 operative mechanism19. 整顿经济秩序 rectify economic order20. 引进竞争机制 introduce a competitive mechanism21. 建立技术密集型企业 set up technologically-intensive enterprises22. 招商引资 canvass business and introduce investment23. 房地产 real estate24. 经济特区 special economic zone25. 基础设施 infrastructure facilities26. 豆腐渣工程 jerry-built projects27. 投资热点 investment hot spot28. 外向型经济 export-oriented economy29. 按劳分配 distribute according to the work performance30. 打破平均主义 break / abandon equalitarian31. 沿海开放城市 open coastal cities32. 保税区 bonded zone/ area33. 金融改革 banking system34. 国民生产总值 Gross National Product35. 扶贫项目 anti-poverty project36. 下海经商 plunge into the private business37. 协调发展 coordinate the development38. 住房改革 housing reform39. 社会保障体系 social security system40. 数字时代 digital times41. 信息高速公路 the information superhighway42. 虚拟社区 virtual communities43. “菜蓝子”工程the “shopping -basket” project ( the non-staple food project)44. 拳头产品 knock-out products/ competitive products45. 市场萧条 slack market46. 中国质量万里行 China’s Long March to Quality campaign47. 冒牌产品 fake brand-name products48. 假冒伪劣商品 fake and poor quality commodities49. 谋取暴力 reap colossal profits50. 提出索赔 lodge a claim51. 投诉 lodge complaint52. 贸易争端 trade disputes53. 乱收费 random charges54. 市场疲软 sluggish market55 .贸易顺差 favorable trade balance56. 贸易逆差 unfavorable trade balance57. 实行优惠政策 launch a preferential policy58. 繁荣市场 flourish the market59. 加入世贸组织 accession to the WTO/ entry into the WTO60. 最惠国待遇 Most-Favored-Nation treatment61. 消费者协会 consumer’s association62. 消费者购买力 consumer purchasing power63. 新兴市场 emerging market64. 抑制消费 control / inhibit consumption65. 无形资产 intangible assets66. 有形资产 tangible assets67. 市场占有率 market share68. 严重违约 grave breach of contract69. 泡沫经济 bubble economy70. 品牌效应 brand effect71. 企业重组 reshuffle of enterprises72. 贸易壁垒 trade barrier73. 人才流失 brain drain74. 清理“三角债” break up the debt chain75. 企业文化 corporate culture76. 商业炒作 commercial speculation77. 扩大内需,刺激消费 expand domestic demand and consumption78. 拉动经济增长 fuel economic growth79. 连锁反应 chain reaction / domino effect80. 竞争优势 competitive edge81. 经济结构调整 economic restructuring82. 经济增长点 economic growth point ; growth engine83. 经济过热 overheated economy84. 经济滑坡 economic downturn85. 集约化经营 intensive management86. 灰色收入 gray income87. 福利分房 welfare-oriented public housing distribution system88. 分期付款 installment payment89. 从粗放经济转变为集约经济shift from extensive economy to intensive economy90. 按揭购房 buy a house on a mortgage ; mortgage a house91. 边际效益 marginal benefit92. 不良贷款 non-performing loan93. 裁减冗员 lay off redundant staff; cut down on overstaffing94. 产品更新换代 upgrade of products95. 创业园 high-tech business incubator; pioneer park96. 促进全球经济一体化 foster integration with the global economy97. 家庭联产承包责任制 household contract responsibility system98. 人才战 competition for talented people99. 脱贫致富 shake/cast off poverty and set out a road to prosperity 100. 资源优化配置 optimizing the allocation of resources二、政治类101. 不正之风 bad / harmful practice102. 霸权主义 hegemonism103. 奔小康 strive for a better-off life104. 论资排辈 assign priority according to seniority105. 持续发展 sustainable development106. 重复建设 redundant project107. 大锅饭egalitarian practice ( of everyone taking food from the same big pot)108. 多极化 multi-polarization109. 科学技术是第一生产力Science and technology are the primary productive force.110. 机构臃肿 overstaffing in organization111. 机构改革 institutional restructuring; streamlining112. 反腐倡廉 fight corruption and build a clean government113. 窗口行业 service trade114. 核心竞争力 core competitiveness115. 减员增效 downsizing of staff and improving efficiency116. 减轻农民负担 reduce farmer’s burdens; lighten the burden on them 117. 跨越式发展 great-leap-forward development118. 跨世纪发展 trans-century project119. 民主集中制 democratic centralism120. 讲诚信﹑反欺诈 honor credibility and oppose cheating121. 强权外交 power diplomacy122. 人浮于事 overstaffing123. 侵吞公款 embezzle public funds124. 群带关系 networking through petticoat influence125. 求同存异seek common ground on major issues while shelving differences on minor ones126. 滥用权力 abuse one’s power; misuse o ne’s authority127. 廉政建设 build a clean and honest government128. 三步走战略 the three-step development strategy129. 三讲教育three emphases education — emphasize theoretical study, political awareness and good conduct130. 三峡工程 Three gorges project131. 贪污腐化 corruption and degeneration132. 思想僵硬 fossilized concept133. 西部开发 the development of China’s west134. 发展是硬道理 Development is an invariable truth135. 坚持四项基本原则 uphold the four cardinal principles 136. 地方保护主义 regional protectionism137. 拜金主义 money worship138. 行贿受贿 give and take bribery139. 走后门 get in by the back door / enter by the back door 140. 和平演变 peaceful evolution141. 贪脏枉法 take bribes and bend the law142. 以权谋私 abusing power for money143. 拉关系 try to establish a relationship with sb.144. 权钱交易 trading power for money145. 扫黄运动 anti-pornography campaign146. 公款吃喝 enjoy banquet on public fundssystems:”147. “一国两制”的原则 the principle of“one country, two148. 两大主题 two principle themes149. 坚持一个中国立场 stick to one-China position150. 全国人民代表大会 National People’s Congress151. 与国际接轨synchronize with the world; accord with international norms 152. 社会主义物质文明 socialist material wellbeing153. 社会主义精神文明 socialist culture and ideology154. 实现中华民族伟大复兴bring about a great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation 155. 歪风邪气 unhealthy practices and evil phenomena156. 温暖工程 adequate food and clothing program157. 知识产权 intellectual property right158. 综合国力 comprehensive national strength159. 最低生活保障制度systems for ensuring a minimum standard of living160. 政企分开separate government functions from enterprise management161. 与时俱进 keep pace with the times162. 闲置人员 idle hand163. 养老保险 endowment insurance164. 以经济建设为中心focus on the central task of economic construction165. 下岗职工基本生活费 subsistence allowance for laid-off workers 166. 世界观﹑人生观﹑价值观 world outlook, outlook on life and values 167. 实事求是 seek truth from facts168. 试点工程 pilot project169. 政府廉洁高效 clean and efficient government170. 战略伙伴关系 strategic partnership三 、教育与科学技术类171. 科技含量 technology content172. 科教兴国rely on science, technology and education to rejuvenate the nation 173. 可持续发展战略 strategy of sustainable development174. 工业园区 industrial park175. 技术密集型产品 technology-intensive product176. 新兴学科 new branch of science177. 边缘学科 frontier science178. 高速宽带互联网 high-speed broadband networks179. 电脑病毒 computer viruses180. 电子商务 e-commerce; e-business181. 黑客 hacker182. 数字地球 digital globe183. 局域网 local area network184. 人工智能 artificial intelligence185. 网上冲浪 web-surfing186. 网络世界 cyber world187. 网上犯罪 cyber crime188. 信息高速公路 information highland189. 网民 netizen190. 虚拟现实 virtual reality191. 克隆 cloning192. 基因工程 genetic engineering193. 转基因食品 genetically modified food194. “神舟六号”载人飞船 manned spacecraft Shenzhou VI195. 掌上电脑 palm computer196. 主页 home page197. 语音信箱 voice mail198. 网络经济 cyber-economy199. 网虫 netter; Internet geek200. 网恋 cyber romance; virtual romance201. 高精尖技术 high-grade, high-precision, advanced technology 202. 科技扶贫 support poor areas using technology203. 科研攻关 work towards key technological breakthroughs 204. 自费研究生 self-supporting graduate student205. 委托培养consign the training of personnel to a certain school206. 填鸭式教学 cramming method of teaching207. 启发式教学 heuristic education208. 复合型人才 interdisciplinary talent209. 论文答辩 thesis oral defense210. 素质教育 quality-oriented education211. 教书育人 impart knowledge and educate people212. 九年制义务教务教育 nine-year compulsory education213. 德智体美劳全面发展all around development of moral, intellectual,physical,aesthetics and labor ed ucation214. 知识产权 intellectual property215. 因材施教 teach students according to their aptitude216. 硕博连读a continuous academic program that involves postgraduate and doctoralstudy217. 双学位 double degree218. 双向选择 two-way selection219. 人才流失 brain drainone’s taste and temperament220. 陶冶情操 cultivate221. 学生减负 alleviate the burden on students222. 学术交流 academic exchanges223. 学科带头人 pace-setter in scientific research224. 德才兼备 have both political integrity and ability225. 攻读硕士学位 study for a doctoral degree226. 文科生 students of liberal arts227. 理科生 students of science228. 爱国主义教育 education in patriotism229. 择优录取 enroll the excellent students230. 毕业论文 graduation thesis231. 毕业设计 graduation project232. 义务教育 compulsory education233. 高等教育 higher education234. 选修课程 optional courses235. 主修课程 major courses236. 重点学科 key disciplinary areas237. 德智体全面发展的学生students who are well developed morally, intellectually and physically 238. 教育部 Ministry of Education239. 博士生导师 doctoral supervisors240. 世界观﹑人生观﹑价值观 word outlook, outlook on life and values四、文化社会生活类241. 彩票 lottery ticket242. 保健食品 health-care food243. 暴发户 new rich; upstart244. 民工潮 farmer’s frenzied hunt for work in cities245. 下岗工人 laid-off workers246. 人口老龄化 aging/ graying population247. 人口高峰 baby boom248. 人口负增长 negative population growth249. 流动人口 moving population250. 收视率 viewing rate251. 售后服务 after-sale service252. 再就业工程 re-employment project253. 自由职业者 free lancer254. 性别歧视 sexual discrimination255. 性价比 cost performance256. 水货 smuggled goods257. 水土流失 soil erosion258. 文化渗透 cultural infiltration259. 跳槽 job-hopping260. 抢购 panic buying261. 甩卖 clearance sale262. 公益广告 public-interest advertisement263. 让利 offer discounts264. 出国热 craze for going abroad265. 社会福利制度 the social welfare system266. 享受公费医疗 enjoy public health care黄昏恋 twilight love 267. 世界卫生组织 World Health Organization (WHO) 268.269. 贺岁片 New Year film270. 记者招待会 press/ news conference271. 卖淫嫖娼 prostitute oneself and visit prostitutes272. 制造假钞 make the false notes273. 吸毒者 a drug addict274. 出售黄色录像 sell obscene video tapes275. 传销 pyramid-selling; multi-level marketing五 、环境法律医疗类等276. 温室效应 green-house effect277. 沙漠化 desertification278. 过度放牧 overgrazing279. 过度捕鱼 over-fishing280. 滥砍乱伐 clear-cutting281. 退耕还林 return cultivated land to forest282. 沙尘暴 sand storm283. 生态危机 ecological forest284. 破坏生态平衡 destroy / upset the ecological balance285. 自然保护区 nature reserve286. 环境绿化 environmental greening287. 禽流感 bird flu288. 疯牛病 mad cow disease/ BSE289. 口蹄疫 foot-and-mouth disease290. 非典 severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)291. 偷税﹑骗税 tax evasion and tax fraud292. 扫黄打非 eliminate pornography and illegal publications 293. 严打斗争 strike-hard campaign294. 公正合理的国际政治经济新秩序a new and rational new international political and economic order 295. 外交纷争 diplomatic disputes296. 维护世界和平 safeguard world peace297. 国际惯例 international common practice298. 民族分裂主义 ethnic separatism299. 宗教极端主义 religious extremism300. 世界的基本格局 basic world pattern。
英语国民经济词汇汇总
国民经济词汇gain or loss 损益Galloping inflation 恶性通货膨胀Gamble 投机，赌博gamble in stock 股票投机Gambler 投机商，赌徒Gap 间隙，间隔gap of wealth 贫富差距narrowing the gap between the rich and poor 缩小贫富差距General 总的，普通的General accepted accounting principles （GAAP）公认会计原则General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade（GATT）关税贸易总协定general contractor 总承包商general expense 日常开支，一般费用general fund 普通基金general index 总指数general journal 普通日记帐general ledger 总帐，普通分类帐general obligation bond 一般义务债款Generalized preferential system （贸易）普遍优惠制Generation 一代人generation gap 代沟generation-skipping transfer 隔代资产转移Geographical 区域的，地理的geographical specialization 地区专业化Gift 礼品，赠与gift coupons 礼品卷gift tax 赠与税Gilt-edged bond 金边债券Glamor stock 热门股票Global 全球的，全面的，总的global economy 全球经济global society 国际社会Globalization 全球化economic globalization 经济全球化GNP 国民生产总值GNP at constant prices 按固定价格计算的国民生产总值GNP at market prices 按市场价格计算的国民生产总值Go public 股票上市Gold 黄金gold and foreign exchange reserves 黄金外汇储备gold bonds 黄金债券gold bullion market 黄金市场gold crisis 黄金危机Good title 有效所有权Goodwill 信誉Government 政府government agency 政府机构government bond 公债，政府债券government control 政府控制government directed 国家指导的government employee 政府雇员government enterprise 政府企业government intervention 政府干预government loan 政府贷款government official 政府官员government operated business 国营企业government property 政府财产government supervision 国家监督government transfer payment 政府转移支付Grace period 债务宽限期Graft 受贿，贪污Grant 专用拨款，赠款grant-in-aid for agriculture 农业财政拨款grant-in-aid fund 财政补贴基金Gross 毛重，总重，总额gross assets 总资产Gross Domestic Product（GDP）国内生产总值Gross National Product（GNP）国民生产总值Norminal GNP 名义GNPReal GNP 实际GNPgross margin 毛利gross profit 毛利润gross profit margin 毛利润率gross retail sales 零售总额Group 集团，团体，组group company 集团公司group of enterprises 企业集团Group of Seven （G-7）七国集团Grouped by 按……划分grouped by ownership 按所有制划分grouped by sector 按行业划分Growth 增长growth funds 增长基金growth potential 增长潜力growth rate of earnings 收益增长率Guarantee 担保，保证Guaranteed 有保证的，有担保的guarenteed bond 有信用担保的债券guaranteed investment contract 担保投资合同guaranteed mortgage 担保抵押guaranteed security 担保证券Guaranty 保证金，保证Guide price 指导价Guidline 指导原则Hard 硬的hard currency area 硬通货地区hard money 硬通货，硬币Hardware 硬件hardware store 五金商店Head office 总行，总公司Headquarters 总部Health 健康health care 医疗health insurance 医疗保险Heavy 沉重的heavy debts 沉重的债务heavy industry 重工业heavy social burdens 沉重的社会负担Hidden 隐蔽的，隐藏的hidden assets 帐外资产，隐匿资产hidden inflation 隐性的通货膨胀hidden tax 隐蔽税High 高high added-value 高附加值high technology 高技术High yield bond funds 高收益债券基金high-efficiency 高效的high-quality 高质量的high-tech stock 高技术股票high-yield 高产的Higher bid 竟卖较高价格Highlight 重点Hire 雇，租Holder of stock 股票持有人Holding 持有，占有的holding bank 控股银行holding company 控股公司，母公司holding corporation 控股公司Horizontal 水平的，横向的horizontal acquisition 横向收购horizontal combination 横向合并，同行业合并horizontal integration 横向联合horizontal merger 横向兼并Hospital benefits 医疗福利费Housing 住房，住房建设housing add 住房补贴housing allowance 住房津贴housing distribution 住房分配housing reform 住房改革public housing funding system 住房公基金制度Human 人human capital 人力资本human relation 人际关系human resource 人力资源human rights 人权Hypothecary 抵押的hypothecary credit 抵押信贷hypothecary debt 抵押债务Hypothecated assets 抵押财产Idle 闲置的idle capacity 闲置生产能力idle facility 闲置设备。
国民经济常用英语词汇
国民经济常用英语词汇导语：国民经济是指一个现代国家范围内各社会生产部门、流通部门和其他经济部门所构成的互相联系的总体。
下面是收集的国民经济常用，希望对你有帮助!trade agreement 交易协议trade by agreement 协议交易trade deficit 贸易逆差trade fair 交易市场trade in technology 技术贸易transmission medium 传输媒介Transnational 跨国的transnational enterprise 跨国企业Transparency 透明度transparency of market 市场透明度transparency of operation 经营透明度Transportation 运输Treasury 国库，金库treasury bill 短期国库券treasury bond 长期国库券Treasury Department 美国财政部treasury deposit 国库存款Treatment 待遇national treatment 国民待遇Trend 趋势，倾向trend analysis 趋势分析trend parison 趋势比较trends of the market 市场趋势Triangular debt 三角债Trade 交易，贸易，商业barter trade 易货贸易frontier trade 边境贸易trade integration 贸易一体化trade mark registration 商标trade negotiation 交易谈判trade share 交易份额trade surplus 贸易顺差，贸易盈余transit trade 过境贸易Trading 商业，贸易trading capital 商业资本trading range 成交价幅度Turnover 周转率，周转turnover of capital 资本周转率turnover of current capital 流动资金周转率turnover of fixed assets 固定资产周转率turnover of inventory 库存周转率turnover of investment 投资周转率turnover rate of current capital 流动资金周转率Ultimate 最终的，最后的ultimate cost 最高费用ultimate liability 根本责任，最终责任ultimate purchaser 最终购置者ultimate risk 最终风险Unaeptable 不可承受的unaeptable price 不可承受价格。
国民经济常用词汇
国民经济常用词汇国民经济(national economy)，是指一个现代国家范围内各社会生产部门、流通部门和其他经济部门所构成的互相联系的总体，工业、农业、建筑业、运输业、邮电业、商业、对外贸易、服务业等，都是国民经济的组成部分。
接下来小编为大家整理了国民经济常用词汇，希望对你有帮助哦!Zero 零zero coupon 无息有价证券zero growth 零增长Zip code 邮政编码Zone 区域，地区Vertical 垂直的，纵向的vertical acquisition 纵向收购vertical consolidation 纵向合并vertical integration 纵向合并vertical merger 纵向兼并Violation 违反Voter 投票人Voting 投票，表决voting capital 有表决权的资本voting power 表决权voting preferred stock 有表达权的确优先股voting right of stockholder 股东投票权Wage 工资wage adjustment 工资调整wage attached to a post 职务津贴wage base 工资基数wage cost 工资成本wage-earning class 工薪阶层wage income 工资收入wage reform 工资改革wages and salaries 工资和薪金Waiver 免除，放弃waiver of a debt 债务免除waiver of obligation 债务免除Warehouse 仓库Warranty 保证书，保单Watch-dog committee 监督委员会Wealth 财富wealth of society 社会财富wealth of tax 财产税Weighted 加权的weighted average method 加权平均法weighted average cost of capital 加权平均资本成本weighted average earnings per share 每股加权平均收益Welfare 福利，福利事业welfare expenditures 福利费用支出welfare fund 福利基金welfare of staff and worker 职工福利welfare payments 福利性支出White-collar employee 白领职员Wholesale 批发wholesale agency 批发代理wholesale market 批发市场wholesale price 批发价格Withdrawal 撤销，提款withdrawal of assets 提取资产withdrawal of currency 货币回笼withdrawal of share 撤回股份Without 无，没有without charge 免费without external debt 没有外债Working 工作的，正常运转的working capital 周转资金，流动资金working cash 周转资金working fund 流动资金World Bank 世界银行World-renowned 世界知名的World Trade Organization(WTO) 世界贸易组织Write-off 冲销，注销Written notice 书面通知Year 年year of account 会计年度Year-end 年末year-end adjustment 年终调整year-and audit 年终审计year-and dividend 年终股息year-and stock 年终库存Yearbook 年鉴，年刊Yearly report 年报Yield 收益，产出，盈利yield curve 收益曲线yield on long term government bond 长期政府债券收益yield on treasury bill 国库券收益yield rate 收益率。
国民经济词汇
国民经济、对外经济贸易 NATIONAL ECONOMY, FOREIGN ECONOMIC RELATIONS AND TRADE2002-4-9 10:00:32 经济指标 economic indicators社会总产值 total product of society国民生产总值 GNP (Gross Domestic Product)国内生产总值 GDP (Gross Domestic Product)人均国内生产总值 GDP per capita工农业总产值 gross output value of industry and agriculture国民收入 national income购买力平价法 purchasing power parity财政收入 state revenue社会商品零售总额 total volume of retail sales社会零售物价总指数 general retail price index百分点 percentage points"八五"划划 the 8th Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development计划经济 planned economy统购统销 state monopoly over purchase and marketing市场经济 market economy指令性计划 mandatory plan指导性计划 guidance plan市场调节 market regulation建立市场经济、法制、民主监督和廉政"三个机制"establish operational mechanisms of market economy, rule by law, democratic supervision andincorruptible government抓好农业、交通能源、教育科技"三个基础"stress priorities over agriculture, transportation and energy supply, education and scienceand technology实现产业结构、生态环境和人口素质"三个优化"optimize industrial structure, ecological environment and the quality of population第一、二、三产业 primary, secondary and tertiary industries外向型经济 export-oriented economy创汇型企业 foreign exchange-earning enterprise劳动密集型 labor intensive技术、智力、资本密集型 technology, knowledge or capital intensive高附加值的深加工 down-stream processing with high added-value优化资源配置 optimize allocation of resources生产力 productive forces生产资料 capital goods科研成果产业化 industrialization of research findings火炬计划 Torch Plan技术入股 technology appraised as capital stock风险投资 venture investment/capital固定资产投资 investment in fixed assets折旧费 depreciation cost关系民生的产品 products vital to the people's livelihood供大于求 oversupply供不应求 short supply经济过热 overheated economy抑制炒房地产热 stem frenzied and speculative trading in the property market宏观调控 macro-economic control经济杠杆 economic levers产业政策 industrial policy财政, 税收, 信贷，利率, 汇率public financing, taxation, credit, interest rate, exchange rate提高经济效益 enhance economic performance/returns社会效益 social effect/returns实现持续、稳定、协调的发展 bring about sustained, stable and coordinated development财政赤字(盈余 ) budget deficit(surplus)外贸出口总额 gross foreign export value外商直接投资协议金额 contracted foreign direct investment实际利用外资 foreign investment in actual use三资企业(中外合资合作、外商独资经营)three kinds of enterprises with foreign investment: sino-foreign joint venture, contractual joint venture允许外商独资经营 allow full foreign equity operation优惠条件 confessional terms; favorable terms减免税收 tax reduction and exemption合作方式 approaches to cooperation出资方式 means of contributing investment合营期限 contract term of a joint venture三来一补 (来料加工,来件装配,来样加工)processing and compensation trades(processing with materials or given samples, assembling supplied components) 贸易伙伴 trade partner转口贸易 transit trade外贸顺差 foreign trade surplus积极引进外来资金、技术、人才和管理经验actively introduce capital, technology, competent professionals and managerial expertise form outside交钥匙工程 turn-key project招标承包制 bidding invitation contract system招标出售技术 bids for technology公开招标 call for bid; tenders招标单 invitation for bid (IFB)标书 bidding document竟标 competitive bidding投标 bid for a project投标报价书 bid proposals评标 bid proposal evaluation开标 bid opening中标 win a bid; be awarded a tender拍卖 auction租赁 leasing保税区 bonded area; free trade area实行全方位开放 practice multi-directional opening统一政策、放开经营、平等竞争、unified policy, liberalized operation, and equal competition自负盈亏、工贸结合、推行代理制responsibility for one's own profits and losses, the integration of industry and foreign trade, and the promotion of agent system知识产权 intellectual property rights技术转让 technology transfer可行性研究 feasibility study意向书 letter of intent投资环境 investment environment跨国公司 transnational coorporation基础设施 infrastructure20年基本实现现代化 basically achieve modernization in 20 years发挥技术窗口管理窗口和人才窗口的作用serve as a medium for introducing advanced technologies, managerial expertise and qualified professionals from outside.招商 attract investment招商项目 project proposals for investment同国际惯例接轨follow the international codes of practice; bring … in line with the international usage加大改革力度 intensify reforms一条龙服务 one package service一支笔审批 one-chop approval我们两市的经济互补性很强。
经济贸易英文表达
equality and mutual benefit, and trading of needed goods
外引内联
act as an intermediary for introducing foreign capital and establishing domestic connections
基础设施
infrastructure
20年基本实现现代化
basically achieve modernization in 20 years
发挥技术窗口管理窗口和人才窗口的作用
serve as a medium for introducing advanced technologies, managerial expertise and qualified professionals from outside.
合营期限
contract term of a joint venture
三来一补(来料加工,来件装配,来样加工)
processing and compensation trades(processing with materials or given samples, assembling supplied components)
bring about sustained, stable and coordHale Waihona Puke nated development
财政赤字(盈余)
budget deficit(surplus)
外贸出口总额
gross foreign export value
外商直接投资协议金额
contracted foreign direct investment
常用经济术语翻译
以路养路 use tolls to repay investment in road projects 下放审批权 delegate the authority to examine and approve to lower levels 统而不死，活而不乱 ensure a flexible control 良性循环 positive cycle 国民经济的支柱 mainstay of the national economy 格局初步形成 Pattern has taken initial shape. 理顺企业的产权关系 rationalize the property rights relationships of enterprises 政策性亏损 policy-related loss 三角债 chain debts 上不封顶，下不保底 set no ceiling limit and give no minimum guarantee 企业“工效挂钩” link total payroll with the performance of an enterprise 生意兴隆/冷淡 Business is booming/sluggish 质量信得过单位 quality trustworthy organization 批量生产 mass production 以销定产 limit production to market ability 内联企业 inland associated enterprises 菜篮子工程 shipping basket project 国产化 percentage of home-made parts 配套改革 coordinated reforms 配套措施 supporting measures 配套工程 auxiliary project 国内配套资金 domestic funds
中国对外贸易名词
1、市场经济——以市场作为资源配置的基础性方式和主要手段的经济。
（资源配置——对特定社会可能被人们掌握的各种经济资源在各种可能用途之间的安排，包括物质资源和人力资源。
）2、国际价值——由国际社会必要劳动时间决定的，是商品在国际市场上进行交换的价值尺度。
3、对外开放——要大力发展和不断加强对外经济技术交流，积极参加国际交换和国际竞争，由封闭型经济转变为开放型经济，以加速实现4个现代化建设。
4、沿海地区经济发展战略——充分发展沿海地区广大劳动力的优势，有领导、有计划、有步骤地走向国际市场，进一步参与国际交换和国际竞争，大力发展开放型经济。
5、两头在外——就是把生产经营的两头（原材料、销售市场）放到国际市场上去，这样可以解决沿海地区与内地争原料、争市场的尖锐矛盾。
6、三资企业——外商独资、中外合资、中外合作经营企业。
7、开放型经济——就是通过放宽贸易限制，利用外资、引进技术，大力发展面向国外市场的产业，以出口贸易带动企业和国民经济的技术改造，加速产业结构、产品结构的优化，促进社会主义现代化建设。
8、大经贸战略——实行以进出口贸易为基础，商品、资金、技术、服务相互渗透、协调发展，外经贸、生产、科技、金融等部门共同参与的经贸发展战略。
（大开放、大融合、功能大转变）9、两个转变——经济体制从传统的计划经济向社会主义市场经济转变；经济增长方式从粗放型向集约型转变。
10、对外经贸行政管理——是对外经贸宏观管理体系的重要组成部分，它是以对外经贸的有关法规为依据的管理对外经贸活动，规范经营秩序的各种行政措施。
11、规模经营——企业的规模要达到在市场竞争中处于优势或相对优势的较大规模，经营实力雄厚，专业分工协作好，联合程度高，有利于实现生产要素配置的最优化，实现最佳的经济效益。
12、出口商品战略——一国根据其经济发展的具体情况和国际市场的需要，对出口商品构成做出战略性的规划。
13、五定方案——以国际市场为导向，在我国选择一批对开发和扩展国际市场有较大作用的高新技术产品，通过定产品、定企业、定市场、定目标、定时间，创造有利的出口条件，力争在较短时期内使高新技术产品形成一定的出口规模。
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国民经济、对外经济贸易常用词汇经济指标economic indicators社会总产值total product of society国民生产总值GNP (Gross Domestic Product)国内生产总值GDP (Gross Domestic Product)人均国内生产总值GDP per capita工农业总产值gross output value of industry and agriculture国民收入national income购买力平价法purchasing power parity财政收入state revenue社会商品零售总额total volume of retail sales社会零售物价总指数general retail price index百分点percentage points"八五"划划the 8th Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development 计划经济planned economy统购统销state monopoly over purchase and marketing市场经济market economy指令性计划mandatory plan指导性计划guidance plan市场调节market regulation建立市场经济、法制、民主监督和廉政"三个机制"establish operational mechanisms of market economy, rule by law, democratic supervision and incorruptible government抓好农业、交通能源、教育科技"三个基础" stress priorities over agriculture, transportation and energy supply, educationand science and technology实现产业结构、生态环境和人口素质"三个优化"optimize industrial structure, ecological environment and the quality of population第一、二、三产业primary, secondary and tertiary industries外向型经济export-oriented economy创汇型企业foreign exchange-earning enterprise 劳动密集型labor intensive技术、智力、资本密集型technology, knowledge or capital intensive高附加值的深加工down-stream processing with high added-value优化资源配置optimize allocation of resources生产力productive forces生产资料capital goods科研成果产业化industrialization of research findings火炬计划Torch Plan技术入股technology appraised as capital stock风险投资venture investment/capital固定资产投资investment in fixed assets折旧费depreciation cost关系民生的产品products vital to the people's livelihood供大于求oversupply供不应求short supply经济过热overheated economy抑制炒房地产热stem frenzied and speculative trading in the property market宏观调控macro-economic control经济杠杆economic levers产业政策industrial policy财政, 税收, 信贷，利率, 汇率public financing, taxation, credit, interest rate, exchange rate提高经济效益enhance economic performance/returns社会效益social effect/returns实现持续、稳定、协调的发展bring about sustained, stable and coordinated development 财政赤字(盈余) budget deficit(surplus)外贸出口总额gross foreign export value外商直接投资协议金额contracted foreign direct investment实际利用外资foreign investment in actual use三资企业(中外合资合作、外商独资经营) three kinds of enterprises with foreign investment: sino-foreign joint venture,contractual joint venture允许外商独资经营allow full foreign equity operation优惠条件confessional terms; favorable terms 减免税收tax reduction and exemption合作方式approaches to cooperation出资方式means of contributing investment 合营期限contract term of a joint venture三来一补(来料加工,来件装配,来样加工) processing and compensation trades(processing with materials or given samples,assembling supplied components)贸易伙伴trade partner转口贸易transit trade外贸顺差foreign trade surplus积极引进外来资金、技术、人才和管理经验actively introduce capital, technology, competent professionals andmanagerial expertise form outside交钥匙工程turn-key project招标承包制bidding invitation contract system招标出售技术bids for technology公开招标call for bid; tenders招标单invitation for bid (IFB)标书bidding document竟标competitive bidding投标bid for a project投标报价书bid proposals评标bid proposal evaluation开标bid opening中标win a bid; be awarded a tender拍卖auction租赁leasing保税区bonded area; free trade area实行全方位开放practice multi-directional opening统一政策、放开经营、平等竞争、unified policy, liberalized operation, and equal competition自负盈亏、工贸结合、推行代理制responsibility for one's own profits and losses, the integration of industry andforeign trade, and the promotion of agent system知识产权intellectual property rights技术转让technology transfer可行性研究feasibility study意向书letter of intent投资环境investment environment跨国公司transnational coorporation基础设施infrastructure20年基本实现现代化basically achieve modernization in 20 years发挥技术窗口管理窗口和人才窗口的作用serve as a medium for introducing advanced technologies, managerial expertiseand qualified professionals from outside.招商attract investment招商项目project proposals for investment同国际惯例接轨follow the international codes of practice; bring … in line with the internationa l usage加大改革力度intensify reforms一条龙服务one package service一支笔审批one-chop approval我们两市的经济互补性很强。
To a great extent, the economies between out two cities are complementary to each other.平等互利，互通有无equality and mutual benefit, and trading of needed goods外引内联act as an intermediary for introducing foreign capital and establishing domestic connections 保持发展后劲bring about a sustainable development; sustain momentum of development经济实力economic capabilities龙头pacemaker; leading role三通一平（水通、电通、路通、施工场地平）"three connections and one leveling" assuring that a construction site is connected to water andelectric power supplies and roads, and that the ground is leveled before a project is begun.瓶颈bottleneck以工养农use industrial income to finance agriculture以路养路use tolls to repay investment inroad projects下放审批权delegate the authority to examine and approve to lower levels统而不死，活而不乱ensure a flexible control 良性循环positive cycle国民经济的支柱mainstay of the national economy格局初步形成Pattern has taken initial shape. 理顺企业的产权关系rationalize the property rights relationships of enterprises政策性亏损policy-related loss三角债chain debts上不封顶，下不保底set no ceiling limit and give no minimum guarantee企业“工效挂钩” link total payroll with the performance of an enterprise生意兴隆/冷淡Business is booming/sluggish 质量信得过单位quality trustworthy organization批量生产mass production以销定产limit production to market ability 内联企业inland associated enterprises菜篮子工程shipping basket project国产化percentage of home-made parts配套改革coordinated reforms配套措施supporting measures配套工程auxiliary project国内配套资金domestic funds向基础工业倾斜的政策policy in favor of basic industry升级换代upgrading and updating看好经济增长think highly of economic growth行情看好Favorable price/market can be expected.行情看涨/跌anticipate lower market price/rising price随行就市fluctuate in line with market conditions片面追求发展速度seek an unduly high growth rate在过渡时期in a period of transition粗放/集约经营extensive/intensive operation 基础地位leading position门类齐全covering extensive fields存款/贷款余额the balance of deposits/loans 外汇储备foreign exchange reserves贸易顺差trade surplus完善的市场和发达的金融体制well-established market and sophisticated financial system消灭失业wipe out unemployment降低过热的期货市场，恢复金融秩序cool down the over-heated future marketand restore financial order紧缩银根tighten the money supply一位数水平one digit level保持双边贸易的平衡balance the two-way trade这次会议为两国进一步加强持续的经济联系奠定了坚实的基础。