《硕士英语综合教程2》课文翻译

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unit4_原文_翻译_硕士生英语综合教程2

unit4_原文_翻译_硕士生英语综合教程2

Unit4(Para. 1) In the last few centuries, marriage has been connected to romantic love. This kind of package deal is not easy to maintain and indeed many people fail while trying to do so. Nevertheless, most people still pursue this deal. This is another type of paradox associated with marriage.1. 在过去的几个世纪里,婚姻总是和浪漫的爱情联系起来。

这一揽子交易可不容易维护,的确,很多人在试图将婚姻和浪漫的爱情结合起来时失败了。

不过,许多人仍然追求婚姻。

这是和婚姻相关的另一种自相矛盾的情况。

(Para. 2) Some of the main difficulties of this package deal are the following: (a) in modern society, marriage is no longer unique in fulfilling tasks such as raising children and enhancing one’s status and financial asituation, (b) long-term romantic relationships are problematic in that they lack significant changes, which are so meaningful to emotions in general and love in particular, and (c) the greater flexibility of romantic boundaries in modern society make it harder to maintain strict emotional connections and constraints, such as those recommended in marriage.2. 要实现这一揽子交易,有如下几点主要的困难:1. 在现代社会,婚姻已不是实现像抚养孩子,加强个人地位,及改善经济状况等任务的惟一形式。

研究生综合英语(2)课文翻译

研究生综合英语(2)课文翻译

Unit 1Translation of Text如何应对恭维H·艾伦·史密斯尽管我确信蓄胡子会使我更加气度不凡,走在大街上会使女性发笑,但我从不留胡子,原因是我不敢冒险,因为哪怕蓄一点点胡子也很危险,它会招来别人的恭维。

例如,如果一位女士走到我跟前,说道:“你的胡子最迷人,”我会无所适从,不知怎样回答才好。

我可能会惊慌得脱口而出:“我也喜欢您的胡子。

”在社会交往中,应对恭维比对付辱骂要艰难得多,这话听起来有点矛盾,却有一定的道理。

闲聊时来句恭维话,往往让我们大多数人不知所措。

例如,有人对我们说上一句动听、赞美的话,我们就慌得说不出话来,膝盖开始瑟瑟发抖。

如果别人称赞不是真正属于我自己的东西时,我根本无法欣然接受。

我家住在一个小山上,俯瞰山下一片宽广的谷地。

来访者惊叹道:“天哪!你这儿的景色太美了!”整个山谷原本就在那里,不是我造的,也不属于我。

然而我傻乎乎地笑着说:“噢,没什么——无非是过去留下的一片土地而已。

”我在接受这种特定的恭维时,表示最能完全接受的说法就是“嗯,我们喜欢。

”采用这种答话必须得小心谨慎。

就某样东西说“我们喜欢”,言外之意就是,还有许多其他人都认为它很令人讨厌。

不久前,我和一批人在一起时,其中有位来自澳大利亚的地球物理学家在滔滔不绝地谈论宇宙中的奇观。

“我们生活的这个地球,”他说道,“是个了不起的、生机勃勃的、旋转的行星,是由一些不可思议的奇观组合而成。

”随后便是长时间的停顿。

这时,一位被他的这种极度夸张的恭维话所吸引的妇女,禁不住说道,“嗯,我们喜欢这个地球。

”我认为,对待恭维采取否定和贬低的态度是错误的。

“多漂亮的礼服啊!”你的朋友赞美道。

“噢,这么破的旧衣服!”你回答道。

这种情景,与我上述提出的观点非常相似。

别人赞美你的礼服,你无权为此感到羞愧或恼怒——除非这件礼服恰好是你自己亲手缝制的。

如果你这么说,“我是在麦茜商场的地下室和另一个妇女经过一番争抢才买下来的,”你可能会感觉更好些。

研究生英语系列教材综合教程下 课文翻译二

研究生英语系列教材综合教程下 课文翻译二

unit2 商业化及其对于体育的影响杰.J.科克利商业体育已经成为了许多当代社会显而易见的部分。

它们还呈现出全球性的特征,随着经济利益跨越国界,继续在全球扩张。

下文重点探讨商业化如何影响体育运动的开展形式及其组织方式。

1 在整个历史长河中,人们都是把体育当作某种形式的公众娱乐。

然而,体育从未像今天这样作为一种商业产品被如此盛大地包装、推广、呈现和开展,有关体育的决策以及与体育相关的社会关系也同样从未如此显然地受到商业因素的影响。

对许多人来说,账本底线已取代了球门线,体育不再只是为了运动员们自身的兴趣而存在。

今天,乐趣和“好比赛”的定义取决于门票收入、特许权收入、媒体播放权的出售、市场份额、收视率以及广告潜力。

那么,当体育变得商业化时,它会怎样?当体育变得依赖于门票收入和媒体传播权的出售时,它会发生变化吗?2 我们知道,每当任何一项体育运动被转化为商业性娱乐活动时,它的成功就依赖于观众的兴趣。

尽管观众对于体育的拥护背后潜藏着多种动机,但他们对于体育比赛的兴趣通常与三种相结合的因素有关:比赛结果的不确定性,参加一项比赛相关的风险或经济回报,以及预期中的运动员的卓越、英勇表现。

换句话说,当观众提及一场“不错的比赛”或一场“激动人心的比赛”时,这场比赛,通常在比赛即将结束的最后几分钟甚至几秒钟时,结果仍然扑朔迷离;或者比赛涉及高额奖金,因而运动员们都全身心地投入比赛;或者比赛展示了许多出色的或者“英雄式”的表现。

只要运动比赛包含所有这三方面因素,人们就会长时间记得并讨论这场比赛。

3 商业化对于大多数体育运动的结构和目标没有太大的影响。

尽管观众会对其产生影响,但在历史上,运动项目保持了它们的基本结构。

创新也是在这一框架内进行的,并不会完全废除这项运动的基本设计。

例如,奥运会的商业化导致了某些赛事规则的微小变化,但其每项运动的基本结构还是和商家赞助及电视转播权出售之前基本一致。

4 看来,与运动的结构和目的相比,商业化更多的是影响运动参与者的取向。

unit 1,硕士生英语综合教程2课本原文 电子版

unit 1,硕士生英语综合教程2课本原文 电子版

Unit 11 Intel does it. So does Microsoft, Motorola, W. L. Gore & Associates, Southwest Airlines, Ben & Jerry’s Homemade, Hewlett-Packard, Lincoln Electric, and Starbucks. What is it? These companies pursue “people-first” strategies.(Para. 2a) There is an increasing amount of evidence that successful organizations put people first. Why? Astute managers have come to learn that their organization’s emp loyees are its only true competitive advantage. Competitors can match most organizations’ products, processes, locations, distribution channels, and the like.(Para. 2b) But what’s far more difficult to emulate is a workforce made up of highly knowledgeable and motivated people. The characteristic that differentiates successful companies from their less successful counterparts in almost every industry is the quality of the people they’re able to get and keep.(Para. 3a) What kind of practices differentiate people-first organizations? We can list at least four: (1) They value cultural diversity. They actively seek a diverse workforce based on age, gender, and race. (2) They are family friendly. They help employees balance work and personal responsibilities through programs such as flexible work schedules and on-site child care facilities. (Para. 3b) (3) They invest in employee training. These organizations spend heavily to make sure employee skill levels are kept current. This not only ensures that employees can handle the latest technologies and processes for the organization but that employees will be marketable to other employers. (4) People-first organizations empower their employees. They push authority and responsibility down to the lowest levels.(Para. 4) Organizations that put people first have a more dedicated and committed workforce. This, in turn, translates into higher employee productivity and satisfaction. These employees are willing to put forth the extra effort —to do whatever is necessary to see that their jobs are done properly and completely. Let’s take a look at one of those successful organizations that pursue “people-first” strategies: Starbucks. (Para. 5a) Wake up and smell the coffee —Starbucks is everywhere. The world’s number one specialty coffee retailer, Starbucks operates and licenses more than 8,000 coffee shops in more than 30 countries. The shops offer a variety of coffee drinks and food items as well as coffee and coffee accessories.(Para. 5b) Starbucks operates more than 4,700 of its shops in five countries, while licensees operate more than 2,800 units. In addition, Starbucks markets its coffee through grocery stores and licenses its brand for other food and beverage products.(Para. 6) From its modest beginnings in 1971, Starbucks Coffee Company’s reach today extends across the U.S. to Canada, Europe, Asia, and beyond, bringing the Starbucks coffee experience to the customer almost anywhere.(Para. 7a) Centra l to the company’s growth and success has been a constant dedication to offering Starbucks customers the highest quality products. While the company’s success was built upon the core product, coffee, Starbucks has become much more than coffee.(Para. 7b) It is a total coffee experience which encompasses everything from the decor of the retail locations and the music played within to the attitude of the Starbucks employees (known as “partners”), and even to the company’s desire to give back to the communities it serves.(Para. 8a) Since its inception, it has been the Starbucks employees who havehelped drive the success of the company.But it was probably Howard Schultz who started the ignition.(Para. 8b) Schultz joi ned the company in 1982, more than a decade after the company’s first retail bean store opened in Seattle’s Pike Place Market. As director of retail operations and marketing he was influential in the move to provide Starbucks coffee to fine restaurants and espresso bars throughout Seattle.(Para. 9a) A year after he joined the company a visit to Milan, Italy inspired Schultz to bring the Italian coffee-bar concept back to Seattle and put it into action in a new Starbucks location. It was a new foray for the company which previously had only provided freshly roasted beans for sale.(Para. 9b) However, the overwhelming success of the espresso bar concept led Schultz to found Il Giornale, an espresso bar which offered brewed coffee and espresso beverages made using Starbucks coffee beans. A few months later, the continued success of the Il Giornale concept led to Il Giornale acquiring the assets of Starbucks in 1987 with the backing of local investors. The new company changed its name to Starbucks Corporation.(Para. 10) At that time, Starbucks operated 17 stores and had begun to expand beyond Seattle to cities such as Chicago and Vancouver. For the next decade and beyond, the company experienced tremendous growth bringing specialty coffee to the everyday consumer, and in the process helped create and define the specialty coffee industry.(Para. 11) While the success of the company often is attributed to the persistence and vision of the company’s current CEO, Howard Schultz, it is also the employees, from management down to store level, who are at the heart of the company’s success(Para. 12) At the store level, Starbucks has been successful in bucking the norm at most retail service environments where employee turnover is high andcompetence or enthusiasm is waning. “When we first started our business, our attitude from the beginning was that the employees on the front line really have the most to do with our success,” said John Richards, Starbucks president, retail North America. (Para. 13) The challenges of a retail and foodservice environment have been overcome through a strong employee base. “We’re fortunate that the turnover of managers and hourly employees is probably one of the best in the industry,” explained Richards.(Para. 14) Richards takes this employee loyalty as a compliment, but attributes it to the company’s dedication to each employee’s needs. Investment in “partners” has helped build their loyalty to the company, to coffee, to customer service, and to each other.(Para. 15) The heart of the Starbucks experience begins with employee training. For retail partners, the training program focuses on coffee knowledge, product expertise, customer service, and interpersonal skills —all necessary to understand the product they provide to customers on a daily basis in order to create the Starbucks experience.(Para. 16) New store-level partners are welcomed into the Starbucks community with a week-long indoctrination into the cultural aspects of the company. The technical aspects of the job — those that relate to beverage preparation, for instance — are covered. From there, it is the manager’s responsibility to follow up with in-store modules for ongoing training in specific areas.(Para. 17a) All full-and part-time partners who work at least 20 hours a week are offered a full slate of generous benefits. Among the benefits are full health and dental coverage,vacation, and participation in the company-wide stock option plan called Bean Stock. (Para. 17b) Loyalty and a sense of belonging are further emphasized in open forums where employees, regardless of position, are encouraged to bring their suggestions or concerns to the attention of corporate management. Often it is the barista who is the impetus for a change simply because he or she is the one on the front line dealing with customers on a daily basis.(Para. 18a) Since most partners are also owners, they are very interested in getting access to company information. To accommodate this desire, senior management conducts quarterly open forums in the company’s different sales regions. Partners are encouraged to share their ideas and suggestions with senior management at these forums.(Para. 18b) Starbucks also distributes annual Bean Stock reports to all partners and the company publishes Pinnacle, a newsletter that spotlights company performance as well as the activities of individual partners company wide. Starbucks is also taking advantage of videos and teleconferencing to reach out to its partners.(Para. 19a) Being on the front line requires communication, be it communication in training employees to perform their job properly, or communication with customers.“Starbucks partners are alwayson the go. Customer flow is quite steady, and they have to perform tasks requiring a bit of knowledge,” Richards explained(Para. 19b) “Because of the way the service line is set up, partners mustinteract with each other to complete a task, creating a sense of teamwork. Customers shift from station to station,coming into contact with several employees during one transaction. Therefore, communication is an essential part of our success.(Para. 19c) The positive customer experience is based on the communication between partners and their customers.” Human interaction is essential and constant in the Starbucks environment and Richards believes that this constant interaction is the reason employees don’t get bored with their job. “They’re always challenged,” he said.(Para. 20) Starbucks also uses self-managed work teams at its coffee bean roasting plants. Although plant managers and supervisors are responsible for the initial organization of the teams, partners are encouraged to take over the day-to-day workings of the teams including decision-making. Cross-functional teams of partners and supervisors are used to make hiring decisions.(Para. 21) Starbucks is a living model of employee learning, ownership, involvement, and communication. The result is a superior product, coupled with customer service that is truly caring and responsive. The icing on the cake is sales growth of 65 percent a year over the last years while net incomeskyrockets by 70 to 100 percent a year.(Para. 22) All in all, Starbucks offers an amazingly diverse range of opportunities and benefits to its partners. It’s little wonder that new stores continue to openat the rate of three to five every week, and employees are making careers at Starbucks instead of dropping out.。

硕士英语综合教程2课后翻译

硕士英语综合教程2课后翻译

硕士英语综合教程2课后翻译UNIT 11.探索的魔力会激励我们年轻人去学习数学、科学以及工程学,并为我们培养出新一代的改革者和开拓者。

The fascination generated by further exploration will inspire our young people to study math, and science, and engineering and create a new generation of innovators and pioneers.2.一回到英国,他就利用媒体的高知名度,作为进入政坛的踏板。

Uponreturning to England, he employed the favorable media attention as a launching pad for his foray into politics.3.由于业务的自然增长,你将会时时处于忙碌的状态,并且必须能够接受倒班,包括在夜间和周末上班。

Owing to the nature of every growing business,you will need to be on the go constantly,and also be on the go prepared to work shift work,including nights and weekends.4.在澳大利亚,汽油价格也出现下降。

不过,由于澳元兑美元走软,所以澳大利亚汽油降价幅度有限。

In Australia, gasoline prices have retreated, although falls have been limited because of the weakness of the Australian dollar against its American counterpart.5.亚洲经济出现了积极的态势,一些国家已经克服金融危机的影响并且恢复发展,亚洲再次成为全球经济增长的焦点。

综合英语教程2翻译(Unit1-12)

综合英语教程2翻译(Unit1-12)

综合英语教程2翻译(Unit1-12)Unite 1Animal conservationists strongly disapprove of experimenting onanimals.Sally walked into the museum under the stern gaze of the curator.After a spell in the advertising business, Jim began to work for alarge insurance firm.It was estimated that 50,000 people flooded into London over theweekend for the opening of the Commonwealth Games.He rushed into the busy street and mingled with the crowd, hopingin that way the police would not spot him.He tiptoed quietly out of the room so as not to wake her up.He bought the painting as a status symbol, not because he wasparticularly interested in art.Jim was always disappointed that his son never followed in hisfootsteps and took over the farm.Unite 2He admitted that his failure was caused by his lack of confidence.Visitors are required to sign their names on arrival.We’ve invited them to the party, but we’ll have to put it off because the baby’s sick. We must take steps to help the families of those who were hurt.The teacher took great pains to make sure that we all understoodthe text.Today we’re going to focus on the issue of the homeless people.We wondered whether you would be so kind as to attend our end-of-the-year party. He assured his mother that everything was all right.Unite 3Most people in the Middle East believe in Islam.As the fire was destroying the building, we just stood and stared atall this.He relied more on intuition than logic in solving the case.The country is going through a very difficult period, after theearthquake.Last week the board of director s authorized the installation of anew computer system.This area has been the greatest beneficiary of a large restorationprogram.The government finances higher education with tax money.He insisted that what he said was true, even though the policerefused to believe him.Unite 41.The new system will be introduced over a six-month transitionperiod.2.The police officers claimed that their actions in the riots werepurely defensive.3.About $250,000 worth of medical supplies has been distributedamong families affected by the epidemic.4.The products used to be made locally, but now they are mostlymass-produced in the Far East.5.The president’s position on the federal deficit was endorsed bya large majority of the Senate.6.6. Sarah was looking out of the window and giving us a runningcommentary of what was happening out in the street.7.7. We are now facing the most serious challenge in our historyand are dependent on you, our allies, for support.8.8. There has been too much shown on TV and too muchreported in newspapers of all kinds of crimes—described in such detail that even children know how to duplicate what have seen or read.Unite 5Shanghai ranks as one of the most prosperous cities in the world.If you are walking in the mountains, strong boots and water proof clothing are essential.Some teachers devote too much time to helping their students’study but neglect their sports activities.Some Personal characters play a vital role in the development of one’s intelligence.Shanghai ranks as one of the most prosperous cities in the world.If you are walking in the mountains, strong boots and water proof clothing are essential.Some teachers devote too much time to helping their students’study but neglect their sports activities.Some Personal characters play a vital role in the development of one’s intelligence.Unite 6The road appears to get narrower as you look into the distance, but it’s just an illusion.The recent drought in Africa has had a devastating effect on its rural population.He gave copies of the report to all those present at the meeting, urging that they read it and digest its contents.During the meal he kept glancing at the door, obviously expecting someone to walk in.The road appears to get narrower as you look into the distance, but it’s just an illusion.The recent drought in Africa has had a devastating effect on its rural population.He gave copies of the report to all those present at the meeting, urging that they read it and digest its contents.During the meal he kept glancing at the door, obviously expecting someone to walk in.Unite 7They were all staring at me—honestly, i had never felt soembarrassed in my whole life.Before you can make the right choice, you need a lot moreinformation.The party failed to convince the majority of the voters that it wascapable of governing the country.To keep slim, she denied herself ice-creams.Recently he has taken up with two bad boys, which makes his parents really angry.Have you read these newspaper reports? They totally contradict each other.In a number of professions it is possible to continue working beyond the retirement age.When he was in the mood, he would sing his favorite song. Unite 8He is inclined to lose his temper when he is playing with his younger brother.Since the accident he’s only been able to walk with the aid of a stick.I think that’s true to a degree, but the situation is not quite so simple.My father said that if we believed that something was true, we should hold on to it.He’s very disillusioned at the government’s handling of the economy.We were all set to go on vacation when we heard the news. The sun’s rays can penetrate the sea to a depth of 20 meters. His flattering words led up to a request of money.Unite 9He scooped up the little boy and ran from the fire.The boss assigned me to check the quality of all the goods leavingthe factory.We have taken all the precautions we can against the painting beingstolen.The company is selling off some of its buildings in an effort toaccumulate capital.When you are learning to drive, having a good teacher makes a bigdifference.Rumor has it that he was killed in a raid in the local area.Adam’s refusal to work overtime enraged his boss.I was pleasantly surprised to see an old friend who appeared at theparty out of the blue.Unite 10Most sportsmen are at their best during their early manhood.I am not legally his mother, but i feel i have a moral responsibilityto help him.The film was so compelling that i could scarcely take my eyes offthe screen.They were destined by fate never to see each other again.Most sportsmen are at their best during their early manhood.I am not legally his mother, but i feel i have a moral responsibilityto help him.The film was so compelling that i could scarcely take my eyes off the screen.They were destined by fate never to see each other again.Unite 11He was hospitalized with acute appendicitis, with the result that he missed the final examination.As many more people came to the lecture than expected, there were not enough handouts to go round. No matter what a long day he may have, he makes a point ofchecking his e-mail box before going to bed.Unemployment is found in all countries in the world, but the governments vary in their way to handle the problem. Anyone who has come to a foreign country for the first time is apt to find everything around him both strange and interesting. The football fans were very disappointed at the performance of the players of both teams.Never take what he says at face value. Think it over yourself.The doctor’s words removed his fears about the operation.Unite 12On average, 18% of our daily calories come from sugar.Ford Automobile Plant was shut down for two months as a result of the strike.He’s decided to give up his business and dedicate himself to charity.The cultural life in the country cannot compare with that of a large city.The country’s independence celebrations carried on as if nothing had happened.The report allows the readers to make a direct comparison between the two types of car.The existing (present) stocks of coal should meet our needs forthe coming year.He remained there for hours deep in thought, contemplating the mysteries of the universe.。

21世纪工程硕士研究生英语-综合教程(下册)UNIT2课文翻译

21世纪工程硕士研究生英语-综合教程(下册)UNIT2课文翻译

Are We Getting Smarter?我们正变得更聪明吗?IQ scores rose steadily in the 20th century. As scientists search for the reasons, they are shedding new light on the dance between genes and life experience that determines intelligence.在20世纪IQ值稳步上升。

当科学家们寻找原因时,他们试图揭示基因和决定智力的生活经历之间的相互关系。

1 While generations of schoolchildren, military recruits, job applicants and Mensa wannabes have wrestled with IQ questions like these, some smart scientists who study intelligence have been stumped by an even more exasperating puzzle: why have IQ scores been rising? And not rising a little, by a point here and there, but soaring--27 points in Britain since 1942, 24 points in the United States since 1918, 22 points in Argentina since 1964, with comparable gains throughout Western Europe, Canada, Japan, China, Israel, Australia and New Zealand. The rise is so sharp that the average child today is as bright as the near genius of yesteryear. "This shatters our belief about the rigidity of IQ," says psychologist Ulrich Neisser of Cornell University. "It's powerful evidence that you can indeed change it."当在校的孩子、军队的新兵、求职者和向往Mensa协会的人努力解答像这样的IQ问题时,一些聪明的研究智力的科学家一直被另一个更让人困惑的问题困扰:为什么IQ值一直在上升?并且不是上升一点点不是这里升一点那里升一点,而是大幅度上升:英国自从1942年以来增长27个百分点,美国自1918年以来增长24个百分点,阿根廷自1964年以来增长22个百分点,这种增长遍及西欧、加拿大、日本、中国、以色列、澳大利亚和新西兰。

硕士英语综合教程2课文翻译Unit6

硕士英语综合教程2课文翻译Unit6

Unit 6奥巴马获胜演讲1.2.是那些今天在学校和教堂排着长队、数不胜数的选民做出了同――他们的声音会让这次不同。

3.这个回答来自青年、老人、穷人、富人、民主党、共和党人、黑皮肤、白皮肤、拉美人、亚裔、印第安人、同性恋和非同性恋者、残疾人和健全——美利坚合众国。

4.望的新的一天。

5.6.象的。

这位勇敢而无私的领袖的付出会让我们的国家更强大。

7.8.他一道乘火车上下班的特拉华州人民的声音。

现在他将是美国的副总9.如果不是我过去十六年间最亲密的朋友、我的家庭的基石和是如此爱你们。

我们会带着你们刚赢得的小狗一起搬进白宫。

10.在看着呢——想念他们。

我知道我欠他们的难以偿还。

11.感谢我的竞选经理——David PlouffeDavid Axelrod牲我永远感谢。

12.13.我从来都不是总统的最佳人选。

刚开始时我们没有太多经费也没有很多要人的支持。

我们的竞选不是孵化自华盛顿的会议大厅Iowa普通人家的客厅、以及查尔斯顿的某个前廊。

14.拿出五元、十元来支持我们的理念。

15.我们的胜利来自于年轻人——那些远离家人承担辛苦但收入微薄的竞选工作的年轻人。

他们反驳了关于他们是冷漠的一代的谬中走街串巷向完全陌生的选民进行宣传。

我们的胜利来自数以百万计民有、民治、民享的政府仍然长存。

16.17.我。

你们这样做是因为你们知道我们面临的任务之艰巨。

即便我们今——两场战争、一个奄奄一息的星球、和一场百年不遇的经济危机。

18.国人明早会在伊拉克的沙漠或是阿富汗的山地中醒来——他们在为我们冒生命危险。

19.我们知道父母们在孩子睡下后辗转难眠付按揭、医疗账单、或是为孩子上大学筹款。

我们需要去开发新能源、创造新就业机会、建设新学校、面对新挑战、和修复我们的战略联盟。

20.题。

21.前面会有挫折和弯路。

很多人不会完全同意我作为总统做出的政策和决定。

而且我们知道政府不会解决所有问题。

但关于面对的——特别是当我们意见相左时。

22.——穿。

最新新发展研究生英语综合教程2第一单元课文内容及翻译

最新新发展研究生英语综合教程2第一单元课文内容及翻译

Growing Up1 Fifty years ago parents still asked boys if they wanted to grow up to be president, and asked it not jokingly but seriously. Many parents who were hardly more than paupers still believed their sons could do it. Abraham Lincoln had done it. We were only sixty-five years from Lincoln. Many of grandfather who walked among us could remeber Lincoln. Men of grandfatherly age were the worst for asking if you wanted to grow up to be president. A surprising number of little boys said yes and meant it.五十年前父母大都会问男孩子们长大后想不想当总统,问这话时一本正经,并非开玩笑。

许多穷得跟乞丐似的父母也仍然相信他们的孩子能当上总统。

亚伯拉罕・林肯就做到了。

我们与林肯那个时代仅仅差65年。

依然健在的许多爷爷辈的人还能记得林肯时代。

就是他们最喜欢问你长大后想不想当总统。

回答说想当的小男孩数量多得惊人,而且他们是当真的。

2 I was asked many times myself. No, I didn’t want to grow up to be president. My mother was present during one of these interrogations. An elderly uncle, having posed the usual question and exposed my lack of interest in the presidency, asked, “Well, what do you want to be when you grow up.我就曾经被问过多次。

硕士英语综合教程2课文翻译Unit8

硕士英语综合教程2课文翻译Unit8

Unit 8美国的房地产泡沫1.在2005-2006年期间达到了高峰。

随后已经不断上涨的“次贷”违约率和可调利率抵押贷款开始迅速增加。

打包贷款、营销等方面的提高励借款人承担困难的抵押贷款,以为他们能够在更有利的条件之下迅速筹集资金。

然而,一旦利率上升,房产价格在2006-2007年开始在美国的很多地区适度回落, 筹集资金变得更加困难。

违约和丧失抵押赎回权激增, 的那样上涨, 可调利率调得更高。

2. 在这次金融危机爆发前的许多年低利率和大量的外国资金流入创造了方便的信用条件,资消费。

信用和资金流入的结合造成了美国房地产泡沫。

各种类型的贷款(例如,抵押贷款、信用卡、汽车)所未有的债务负担。

随着部分的房市和信贷的繁荣,被称为抵押贷款证券和债务抵押证券的金融协议的数量大大增加了, 他们的价值来自于抵押贷款偿还和房价。

这样的金融创新使得世界各地的机构和投资商纷纷在美国的房地产市场投资。

当房价下跌, 已经借贷和大力投资次级抵押贷款证券的全球主要金融机构蒙受了重大的损失。

房价下跌也导致了房屋价值比抵押贷款低,进而刺激财务进入丧失抵押品赎回权。

始于美国2006年末的丧失抵押品赎回权一直在蔓延,并继续从消费者身上榨取财富并且侵蚀金融机构的金融实力。

随着危机从房市球的损失总额估计在数万亿美元。

3. 当房市泡沫和信贷泡沫加剧,一系列的因素导致金融体系不断的扩展,而且变得越来越脆弱,其过程被称为金融体系化。

政策制定者们没有看到如投资银行、对冲基金,也称为影子银行系统的金融机构所扮演的越来越重要的角色。

有些专家认为这些机构为美国经济提供信贷,同样规则的约束。

这些机构以及某些规范银行也承担了大量的债务负抵押贷款证券损失的财务储蓄。

这些损失冲击了金融机构的贷款能力,减缓了经济发展。

对金融机构的稳定性的关注使得中央银行提供资金鼓励借贷和恢复商业票据市场的信心,这对商业运作提供资金至关重要。

政府也帮助金融机构摆脱困境和执行经济刺激计划, 承担额外的财政承诺。

研究生综合英语2(修订版)课文翻译

研究生综合英语2(修订版)课文翻译

Unit 1Translation of Text如何应对恭维H·艾伦·史密斯尽管我确信蓄胡子会使我更加气度不凡,走在大街上会使女性发笑,但我从不留胡子,原因是我不敢冒险,因为哪怕蓄一点点胡子也很危险,它会招来别人的恭维。

例如,如果一位女士走到我跟前,说道:“你的胡子最迷人,”我会无所适从,不知怎样回答才好。

我可能会惊慌得脱口而出:“我也喜欢您的胡子。

”在社会交往中,应对恭维比对付辱骂要艰难得多,这话听起来有点矛盾,却有一定的道理。

闲聊时来句恭维话,往往让我们大多数人不知所措。

例如,有人对我们说上一句动听、赞美的话,我们就慌得说不出话来,膝盖开始瑟瑟发抖。

如果别人称赞不是真正属于我自己的东西时,我根本无法欣然接受。

我家住在一个小山上,俯瞰山下一片宽广的谷地。

来访者惊叹道:“天哪!你这儿的景色太美了!”整个山谷原本就在那里,不是我造的,也不属于我。

然而我傻乎乎地笑着说:“噢,没什么——无非是过去留下的一片土地而已。

”我在接受这种特定的恭维时,表示最能完全接受的说法就是“嗯,我们喜欢。

”采用这种答话必须得小心谨慎。

就某样东西说“我们喜欢”,言外之意就是,还有许多其他人都认为它很令人讨厌。

不久前,我和一批人在一起时,其中有位来自澳大利亚的地球物理学家在滔滔不绝地谈论宇宙中的奇观。

“我们生活的这个地球,”他说道,“是个了不起的、生机勃勃的、旋转的行星,是由一些不可思议的奇观组合而成。

”随后便是长时间的停顿。

这时,一位被他的这种极度夸张的恭维话所吸引的妇女,禁不住说道,“嗯,我们喜欢这个地球。

”我认为,对待恭维采取否定和贬低的态度是错误的。

“多漂亮的礼服啊!”你的朋友赞美道。

“噢,这么破的旧衣服!”你回答道。

这种情景,与我上述提出的观点非常相似。

别人赞美你的礼服,你无权为此感到羞愧或恼怒——除非这件礼服恰好是你自己亲手缝制的。

如果你这么说,“我是在麦茜商场的地下室和另一个妇女经过一番争抢才买下来的,”你可能会感觉更好些。

硕士英语综合教程2课文翻译Unit3

硕士英语综合教程2课文翻译Unit3

Unit 3 作战网络好战者1.最近一场模拟美国遭受毁灭性网络攻击的演习急需布鲁电力供应的东部沿海地区停止运转。

2.两党联立政策中心——个星期六的晚上在CNN广播公布。

它引来了始料未及的烦恼。

美国政府显得3.网络主战论。

前两部门网络安全顾问理查德·克拉克在他最近的新书的“珍珠港”事件很可能会进入我们的领地。

”4.在侵袭途中有人欺骗谷歌员工打开了未经允许的链接使得入侵者们进入了谷歌密码运行软件的部分区域。

这些针对谷歌的恶性攻击事件增加了公众的恐慌情绪。

如果连世界上最具创新性的技术公司都无法5.大多数公司面对这些事件时倾向于保持沉默。

但是成百上千甚至更多的这些以私人和公共部门为目标的攻击事件加起来就等于即将来临的危险——6.全。

一份2009年来自营销智囊团Input公司的报告预测在未来五年8.1%的综合速度增长。

另一份于3月出自顾问公司Market Research Media的报告估计从今年起到2015年政府用于网络安全的总费用将直逼550络传输监控和追踪等领域增长尤为迅速。

7.鉴于过去我们政府与它众多的承包商之间关系过分亲密的少增加几十亿。

麦克·麦可科奈尔先生的现任雇主艾伦·汉密尔顿已经与空军签订价值三千四百万关于网络安全合同。

除了写与网络安全Good Harbor Consulting安全公司的成员之一。

8.外点提供可靠证据的责任感。

我们不想抱着幻想投入到只有网络的生活有的那些夸张的伎俩上面。

9.一名哈佛大学国际政治学教授斯蒂文·沃尔特认为关于网络战的初次讨论引出了一次绝佳的夸大危胁的机会。

沃尔特先生指出我们现在关于网络安全的深思熟虑与在冷战时期关于核武器的热议的于杞人忧天的观点竞赛以谋求生计。

10.名的批判鼓吹网络战的人士。

他指出网络战的热议与冷战的相似之处。

他进一步说明今天关于网络战的大肆宣传会导致我们认为为了防炸机代差”的重演。

它只是一个为扩大军事化的脆弱的借口。

unit5_硕士生英语综合教程2_课本原文_电子版

unit5_硕士生英语综合教程2_课本原文_电子版

(15a)Before H1N1 became known as H1N1, it was popularly referred to as “swine flu” because scientists determined that it contained mostly pig flu genes. (That’s not surprising: pigs can be infected with both avian and human flus and are an ideal genetic mixing bowl.)在甲流被确认为甲流病毒之前,人们称其为“猪流感”。

因为科学家认为这类病毒中绝大多数为猪流感基因。

(猪既会禽流感感染,又会遭到人类流感病毒感染,因此猪成为这种新病毒完美的基因混合载体也就不感到奇怪了。

)(15b) The term swine flu was confusing, since the virus was circulating in people and was not being transmitted by swine (unlike the avian flu H5N1, which is passed primarily by birds), but it was instructive. It reminded us that new flu viruses begin not in people but in animals and that the first humans to be affected tend to be those who are in close contact with animals.“猪流感”这种称法实在令人难以理解,因为这类病毒在人类中传播,而并不是由猪来传播(这点与禽流感的H5N1病毒不同,H5N1主要是通过禽类之间相互传播),但是这一点也警惕了人类。

硕士英语综合教程2课文翻译Unit2

硕士英语综合教程2课文翻译Unit2

硕⼠英语综合教程2课⽂翻译Unit2Unit 2耗时⼜费⼒的学位1. 法律专业的学⽣需要花费三年时间获得毕业⽂凭。

医学专业要平均花费九年多的时间完成学业。

⼀些博⼠学位的获得者可能没有份学院或者⼤学的有终⾝任职权的教师的⼯作—甚⾄从未找到⼀份。

2.研究⽣教育⼗多年的危机意识已经变得更为强烈。

威廉姆·帕纳潘克⼀位英语等教育纪事报写专栏。

3.⼼碎。

⽽当他于1999组织了⼀次抗议活动。

现代语⾔协会是由语⾔和⽂学⽅⾯的学者和教授组成⼀个组织。

在提到歌雅的⼀幅巨⼤残忍的绘画作品《萨恩图吞4.博⼠⽣可能不会⾯对像医学和法律学院的同伴那样令⼈头疼的课程负担或者以不正当⼿段进研究时间。

三年级的医学专业学⽣因为在医院的轮流值班⽽累得两眼种⼯作⾄少是为了取得他们的学位。

5.三年或者四年⾥完成博⼠学位。

6.⼠学位的时间可能需要将近⼗⼆年。

⼤约⼀半的攻读⼈⽂学科博⼠学是3523000美元的贷款还要⾯临历史上不景⽓的就业市场。

兼职⼯作——没有福利和保障——这可能是唯⼀的选择。

7.路易斯·梅南德, 哈佛⼤学的⼀名英语教授和另⼀位关于博⼠教育过程的评论家,指出:,“从更永远⽆法完成学业并且⼤多数将找不到⼯作。

8.语教授和该组织的主席西顿尼·史密斯重新⼜提出已经困扰蓝带⼯作⼩组和教育专门⼩组多年夹、数字出版物和陈述报告。

她认为,缩短博⼠的学习过程将使奖学⾦不再热不可得并且更有意义。

9.规模的改变都是不可能。

理查德.博⼠的要求的改变都是放之四海⽽皆准。

他是临时代理学校⼯作的副校长以及伊利诺伊⼤学厄班那—⾹槟分校研究⽣院的前任院长。

谁想去参加另⼀所⼤学——并且是潜在的雇主——认为这次活动是对普遍存在的不满和具体就业问题的抗议。

“有失望10.威乐博⼠⽤了四年时间完成学业并于1969获得他的英语专并且对学位的获得者所要完成的事情的期望有根本性地增的简历中能有⼀长串出版的研究成果。

11.就业问题已经形成多年。

【免费下载】交大 硕士英语综合教程2课后翻译题

【免费下载】交大 硕士英语综合教程2课后翻译题

Unit 1 a. Chinese to English
1) Translate the following sentences into English. (1) 探索的魔力会激励我们的年轻人去学习数学、科学以及工程学,并为我们培养出新一 代的改革者和开拓者。(inspire 激发) The fascination generated by exploration will inspire our young people to study math, science and engineering, and create a new generation of innovators and pioneers. (2)一回到英国,他就利用媒体的高知名度,作为进入政坛的踏板。(foray 突袭;侵略) Upon returning to England, he employed the favorable media attention as a launching pad for his foray into politics. (3)由于业务的自然增长,你将会时时处于忙碌的状态,并且必须能够接受倒班,包括在夜 间和周末上班。(be on the go) Owning to the nature of every growing business, you will need to be on the go constantly, and also be on the go prepared to work shift work, including nights and weekends. (4) 在澳大利亚,汽油价格也会出现下降不过,由于澳元兑美元走软,所以澳大利亚汽油 降价幅度有限。(counterpart 副本) In Australia, gasoline prices have retreated, although falls have been limited because of the weakness of the Australian dollar against its American counterpart. (5)亚洲经济出现了积极态势,一些国家已经克服金融危机的影响并且恢复发展,亚洲再次 成为全球经济增长的焦点。(spotlight 聚光灯) The Asian economy has presented a positive trend. Some countries have overcome the impact of the financial crisis and revived development. Asia has once again become the spotlight of global economic growth. (6)中国加入世界贸易组织,不仅能够促进中国经济的发展,也会促进世界经济的发展,将 为亚洲经济和世界经济发展注入新的活力。(impetus) China’s accession to the WTO can promote not only the development of Chinese economy, but also that of the world economy and will inject new impetus into the progress of Asian economy and world economy. (7)信息量的不断增长加上技术的发展,使得人们能够比过去以更快的速度往更多的地方存 储和发送更多的信息。(couple with 结合,和。。。关联) The growing quantity of information, couple with the development of technologies, erable the storage and delivery of more information with greater speed to more locations than has ever been possible before. (8)未来是这样一件东西,每个人都以每小时六十分钟的速度朝他走去,不管他做什么,也 不管他是谁。(at the rate 以,,,,的速度) The future is something which everyone reaches at the rate of sixty minutes an hour, whatever he does, whoever he is.

研究生综合英语2(修订版)课文翻译

研究生综合英语2(修订版)课文翻译

Unit 1Trans‎l atio‎n of T ext如何应对恭‎维H·艾伦·史密斯尽管我确信‎蓄胡子会使‎我更加气度‎不凡,走在大街上‎会使女性发‎笑,但我从不留‎胡子,原因是我不‎敢冒险,因为哪怕蓄‎一点点胡子‎也很危险,它会招来别‎人的恭维。

例如,如果一位女‎士走到我跟‎前,说道:“你的胡子最‎迷人,”我会无所适‎从,不知怎样回‎答才好。

我可能会惊‎慌得脱口而‎出:“我也喜欢您‎的胡子。

”在社会交往‎中,应对恭维比‎对付辱骂要‎艰难得多,这话听起来‎有点矛盾,却有一定的‎道理。

闲聊时来句‎恭维话,往往让我们‎大多数人不‎知所措。

例如,有人对我们‎说上一句动‎听、赞美的话,我们就慌得‎说不出话来‎,膝盖开始瑟‎瑟发抖。

如果别人称‎赞不是真正‎属于我自己‎的东西时,我根本无法‎欣然接受。

我家住在一‎个小山上,俯瞰山下一‎片宽广的谷‎地。

来访者惊叹‎道:“天哪!你这儿的景‎色太美了!”整个山谷原‎本就在那里‎,不是我造的“噢,没什么——无非是过去‎留‎,也不属于我‎。

然而我傻乎‎乎地笑着说‎:下的一片‎土地而已。

”我在接受这‎种特定的恭‎维时,表示最能完‎全接受的说‎法就是“嗯,我们喜欢。

”采用这种答‎话必须得小‎心谨慎。

就某样东西‎说“我们喜欢”,言外之意就‎是,还有许多其‎他人都认为‎它很令人讨‎厌。

不久前,我和一批人‎在一起时,其中有位来‎自澳大利亚‎的地球物理‎学家在滔滔‎不绝地谈论‎宇宙中的奇‎观。

“我们生活的‎这个地球,”他说道,“是个了不起‎的、生机勃勃的‎、旋转的行星‎,是由一些不‎可思议的奇‎观组合而成‎。

”随后便是长‎时间的停顿‎。

这时,一位被他的‎这种极度夸‎张的恭维话‎所吸引的妇‎女,禁不住说道‎,“嗯,我们喜欢这‎个地球。

”我认为,对待恭维采‎取否定和贬‎低的态度是‎错误的。

“多漂亮的礼‎服啊!”你的朋友赞‎美道。

“噢,这么破的旧‎衣服!”你回答道。

硕士英语综合教程2课文翻译Unit4

硕士英语综合教程2课文翻译Unit4

Unit 4亚伦·本–泽维“婚姻的锁链是如在接下人把它叫做婚姻。

”丹尼尔吉尔伯特1.情结合起来时失败了。

不过的另一种自相矛盾的情况。

2. 1. 在现代况等任务的惟一形式。

2. 长期的浪漫关系的问题在于他们缺乏重大3.浪漫严格的情感联系和限制难以维持。

3.选择继续留在婚姻中更多的是由于爱情而不是婚姻关系具有的那些婚案件现在会用缺少爱情作为寻求结束婚姻关系的原因。

这一事实表明爱情在当代婚姻关系中愈发重要。

4.烈。

正如大为和朱迪思所说的“我们通常不说充满激情的婚姻。

一段只那么热烈却由于相互熟悉和掌握了更好的技巧而更加满意。

无论如何着那段婚姻特别满意或充满生机。

没有一个总的方案来解决需要多少“适当”的数量和类型的变化来拥有更深远的更持久的浪漫爱情这一问题。

5.长期的浪漫关系通常缺乏重大变化这个问题在婚姻中进一步强化。

在婚姻中终止恋人关系涉及到更多的障碍。

在过去的几百年6.量的成年人更多的时候独自生活或和伴侣未女性的自主权。

个体更大的独立性削弱了对那种极其依赖伴侣的浪漫定或约束。

7.同约束转化为不需要寻找理由、过错和合理解释就能解除的协议。

这爱情在个人关系上获得了额外的分量。

8.85%50%的美国人认为当浪漫的爱情逐渐消失时他们有权离婚。

这些态度表达了希望将浪漫的2007年AC7060%的受访者说婚姻生活是他们追求一生的目标之一。

尽管对期的婚姻关系仍然是人们渴望的目标。

难怪大多数浪漫爱情片都以婚姻或类似的形式作为结局。

9.约。

它是发自内心地对所爱的人的宝贵的态度。

婚姻的束缚产生的重大问题在于他们可能抹杀对增进感情至关重要的新鲜感和变化。

正如史蒂芬.在于充满激情的马可能被防止它逃跑的体面的马车的重量牵绊”。

无10.更短的更高质量的浪漫爱情的情形。

有时高质量也为更长时间的浪漫它同样能使另一种潜在的关系变得更具吸引力。

11.如果我们接受采用更短的婚姻来使爱情保持活力这种可能另一个解决这一矛盾的方案可能是接受婚姻必须包含友善的爱而不是浪漫的爱这一观点。

基英2课文翻译

基英2课文翻译

《综合英语教程》第二册课文、扩展阅读课文译文Unit 1T ext响尾蛇伤我们在西波顿种植西瓜和香瓜供应市场。

我家有一块瓜地和花圃在紧靠甘蔗地的谷仓背后。

一天,我从工具棚里拿了把镰刀想去砍个西瓜自己吃。

他们是不许我拿这把刀的,因为它的刀刃比我的胳膊还长。

但它是切西瓜的最好工具。

一刀下去,西瓜就一分为二了。

我正沿着瓜地边走边拍打着想找一个熟瓜,突然感觉脚好像被针一样的东西扎了一下。

我为是踩在一堆蒺藜草上了。

转眼一看,却发现是一条响尾蛇。

我知道响尾蛇在袭击之前都要发出响声以示警告的,而我对那响声的熟悉程度决不亚于我熟悉鹌鹑。

后来我才明白它是没有时间警告,我肯定是一脚踩在它的嘴巴上了。

我边往家飞奔,边大声喊叫,满脑子想的都是自己肯定要死了。

妈妈赶快解下围裙用上面的带子绑在我的膝盖上部。

她扶我到前屋的沙发上躺下,让玛莎照看我。

当时在场的既没有一个男人也没有一匹马。

最近的住宅是豪威尔先生家,但他家没有马。

再远点的是吉姆·安德森家,穿过田地抄近路也有半英里的距离。

妈妈冲向安德森家。

安德森的一个儿子跳上马就直奔城里,在安德森家打工的克拉克的儿子用车把妈妈送回家。

回到家,妈妈发现围裙带已被玛莎解开了,因为我直叫系得太紧。

妈妈给我重新绑上,她用力很猛以致于我失声叫了起来。

然后,妈妈又到门廊朝那条通往城里的路张望。

这条路位于安德森和豪威尔两家领地中间,一直延伸到小山顶端,因此从这里你可以看见所有路过的人或物。

我总是远远就能辨认出我们的马车和汤姆,尤其是爸爸赶车的时候。

这时,如果得到允许,汤姆就会因为急于吃到马槽里的东西而撒腿跑起来,爸爸也总是允许它这么做的。

赫伯·安德森的意见是首先找爸爸,如果他不在就找麦肯斯医生,再不成就找菲尔德或别的医生。

妈妈一边盯着看谁的马先出现,一边不时地进屋安慰我。

终于,妈妈说道:“你爸爸来了。

”(吕睿中译,胡一宁审校)Read more误解这是个古老的故事,的确是要说到1864年的事。

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Unit 1成功机构,以人为本“我们公司的经营模式是公司和每一位员工共同成功,绝不落下任何人,这也是成功经营一个企业的典范??”——霍华德·舒尔茨1. 英特尔公司奉行它。

微软、摩托罗拉、戈尔、西南航空公司、班杰瑞、惠普、林肯电气以及星巴克也都奉行它。

它是什么?它就是这些公司所奉行的“以人为本”的策略。

2.越来越多的例子证明,成功的组织都是以人为本的。

为什么?因为精明的经理人们已经认识到他们企业的员工才是它们唯一真正的竞争优势。

竞争者可以在产品、工艺、选址、销售渠道等诸多方面与其不相上下,但却很难效仿的是拥有一支由专业素质高和工作动机强的人组成的劳动力队伍。

几乎在所有的行业,那些成功的公司之所以超越它们的对手们,主要的区别就在于他们所能够得到和留住想要的人。

3. 哪些做法才能区分以人为本的公司呢?我们至少可以列出四条:第一,它们重视文化的多样性。

它们根据年龄、性别和种族积极寻求一支多元化的员工队伍。

第二,它们具有家庭氛围。

公司通过为其员工提供灵活的工作时间以及现场托儿服务设施等帮助员工平衡工作和个人职责之间的关系。

第三,它们对员工培训进行投资。

这些公司花费巨资以确保员工的技能水平始终保持最新状态。

这不仅确保员工可以处理该公司的最新技术和工艺,而且还使这样的员工极具市场竞争力。

第四,以人为本的公司将权力下放给员工。

它们将权力和义务下放到公司的最底层。

4. 那些奉行以人为本的组织拥有一支更敬业、更忠诚的工作团队。

因而这样的团队精神转化成了高生产率和工作满意度。

这些员工会愿意做出更大的努力——为了准确彻底地完成他们的工作,他们会全力以赴。

我们来看一看其中的一个因奉行“以人为本”而取得成功的公司:星巴克。

星巴克的卓越成就5. 让你在咖啡中醒来!——星巴克无处不在。

作为世界首屈一指的专业咖啡零售商,星巴克在世界上30多个国家开设和授权开设了8000多家咖啡店。

这些咖啡店销售各种各样的咖啡饮品、食物、咖啡及咖啡用品。

星巴克在五个国家拥有超过4700家店面,同时,它的授权经销商们还经营着2800多家店面。

另外,星巴克还通过杂货店销售它的产品并且授权其它食品和饮料产品使用它的品牌。

6.从1971年成立之初至今星巴克咖啡公司的经营已从美国蔓延至加拿大、欧洲、亚洲甚至更远并让几乎每一个地方的顾客都享受到星巴克的咖啡体验7. 该公司不断壮大和成功的核心在于坚持不懈地为顾客提供最佳品质的产品。

公司的成功曾建立在它的核心产品,即咖啡上,但如今的星巴克已不仅仅只是出售咖啡。

而是一种完整的咖啡经验,包括零售站的装潢、背景音乐的播放、星巴克员工的态度、以及公司渴望对它所服务的社会做出的回馈。

公司发展背景8.从公司创建伊始到现在星巴克的员工一直都是公司成功的主要推动者。

然而是霍华德·舒尔茨真正地开启了它。

星巴克最初在西雅图派克市场成立第一家店经营咖啡豆十几年后即1982年舒尔茨加入星巴克。

作为零售及市场总监他开始向西雅图的餐馆和咖啡店销售星巴克咖啡他的这一决定意义重大。

9.舒尔茨加入公司一年后去米兰出差。

意大利给了舒尔茨以启发他将意大利咖啡吧的概念带回西雅图并付诸实践开了一家新的咖啡店。

这对于之前只销售新鲜的烘焙咖啡豆的公司来说是一个新的冲击。

然而舒尔茨的咖啡吧理念大获成功他建立了每日咖啡厅专门经营用星巴克咖啡豆煮出的咖啡和浓缩咖啡。

几个月后每日咖啡厅再次成功并在当地投资者资金的支持下于1987年买下了星巴克的全部股份。

这家新的公司正式改名为星巴克公司。

10.当时星巴克开设了17家店面并已经开始向西雅图之外的城市如芝加哥和温哥华发展。

在接下来的十年以及后来公司发展迅猛它将别具风味的咖啡带给大众消费者并在这中间开创形成了独有的咖啡产业。

员工的敬业11.尽管该公司的成功往往要归功于其现任首席执行官霍华德·舒尔茨的坚持不懈和卓越远见但公司上下的员工也是促使公司成功的关键因素。

12.在店面层次星巴克成功地抑制了在多数零售店普遍存在的员工流动率高、工作能“自公司成立之初我们就一直认为第一线的员工的确对我们公司力低或工作热情弱等问题。

的成功与否最为关键”星巴克北美零售总裁约翰·理查德说道。

13.正是借助强大的员工基础我们克服了来自零售和餐饮业的挑战。

“非常幸运我们的管理人员和钟点工的流动量可能是业内最好的”理查德解释道。

14.理查德非常赞赏这种员工的忠诚但又将其归功于公司为满足每一位员工的需求所做的努力。

对“合作伙伴”的投资有助于使他们形成对公司、对咖啡、对顾客服务及对彼此的忠诚。

员工培训15.星巴克经验的核心源自于员工培训。

对于零售合作伙伴来说培训项目主要是关于咖啡的知识产品的专业技术知识对顾客所提供的服务以及人际交往的技巧——他们有必要了解这些从而明白每天向顾客提供什么样的产品来创造星巴克经验。

16.新店面的店员会被送到星巴克社区接受为期一周的有关公司企业文化方面的教育。

包括工作技术方面的知识例如饮品的准备。

接着各个区域的经理再根据店面的模式情况对其进行不间断的后续培训。

优厚的福利和员工的参与17.所有的全职或兼职合作伙伴只要一周工作满20小时就可以享受一整套优厚的福利待遇。

这些福利包括全额医疗及牙科保险、度假以及参与咖啡豆股票的认购这是一项全公司范围的职工优先认股计划。

员工对公司的忠诚度和归属感通过公开论坛得到了进一步加强在论坛中员工无论职位高低都可以发表他们各自对公司管理的建议和关注。

通常咖啡师都是创新的主力军因为他/她每天在第一线与顾客们打交道。

18.由于大多数合作伙伴也是公司的所有人因此他们对了解公司的信息非常感兴趣。

为了满足这一愿望每个季度高层管理人员都会在公司不同的销售区域举办论坛。

这些论坛鼓励所有的合作伙伴提出各自的想法和建议并与高级管理层分享。

星巴克还将每年的咖啡豆股票报告发给所有的合伙人并出版一本名为《尖峰》的新闻通讯它会对公司的运营和业绩以及全公司每一个合伙人的表现进行特别报导。

星巴克现在还利用视频和电话会议的形式与它的合伙人们进行联络。

沟通19.沟通对于销售第一线来说非常必要正是沟通才使员工通过培训后能够准确无误地完成他们的工作或者是与顾客的沟通。

“星巴克的合作伙伴一直都是忙忙碌碌。

顾客流动量非常稳定他们要完成一些任务必须要具备一定的知识”理查德解释道“因为服务台设计的方式这些合作伙伴必须相互合作才能完成一个任务这样就会形成一种团队合作感。

顾客从一个台子到另一个台子在消费过程中他们会接触几位员工。

因此沟通是我们取得成功的重要组成部分。

最有价值的顾客经验就是建立在合伙人与顾客之间的沟通之上的。

”人与人之间的互动是至关重要的并始终贯穿于星巴克的每一个角落理查德相信正是这种不断的互动使星巴克的员工对工作不厌其烦。

“他们觉得到处都是挑战”他说。

20.在咖啡豆的烘焙厂里星巴克还采用自我管理的工作团队。

尽管烘焙厂的经理和总监们会负责最初工作团队的组建但他们会鼓励合伙人负责团队的日常工作包括决策在内。

由合伙人和总监组成的跨职能工作团队已经习惯了自已决定员工的招募事宜。

结论21. 星巴克是企业中员工学习、员工所有、员工参与和沟通的楷模。

结果是上乘的产品加上真正体贴入微、有求必应的顾客服务。

令人欣慰的是它的年销售量每年增加百分之六十五净收入每年增涨百分之七十到百分之百。

22. 总之星巴克为它的合作伙伴提供各种不同的机会和福利。

难怪新的店面继续以每周3至5个的速度不断涌现同时它的员工也选择在星巴克成就他们的事业而不是离开。

Unit 2耗时又费力的学位1. 法律专业的学生需要花费三年时间获得毕业文凭。

医学专业的学生获得硕士学位需要四年时间。

但是对于人文学科的研究生需要平均花费九年多的时间完成学业。

一些博士学位的获得者可能没有认识到他们可能需要花费另一个九年时间或者更多时间寻找一份学院或者大学的有终身任职权的教师的工作—甚至从未找到一份。

2.经济衰退已经缩减了大学的捐助数量和系、部规模笼罩了研究生教育十多年的危机意识已经变得更为强烈。

威廉姆·帕纳潘克问“有什么比穷途末路更糟糕的呢”。

他是密西根大学霍普学院的一位英语专业的副教授并且用托马斯·哈德·本藤的名字为美国高等教育纪事报写专栏。

3.帕纳潘克博士作为一名研究生教育的预言家呼吁研究生实习制应该被取消并且提醒学生不要去追捧博士学位因为它令人心碎。

而当他于1999年又一个就业困难年在哈佛大学完成他的美国文明史的专业学位后在美国现代语言协会的年会上他帮助组织了一次抗议活动。

现代语言协会是由语言和文学方面的学者和教授组成一个组织。

在提到歌雅的一幅巨大残忍的绘画作品《萨恩图吞噬他的儿子》的复制品时他写道“还喜欢你的实习吗”4.比如英语文学专业的一、二年级博士生可能不会面对像医学和法律学院的同伴那样令人头疼的课程负担或者以不正当手段进行的竞争但是以后有更持久而艰苦的工作等待着他们。

博士生不仅被要求掌握一系列广泛的知识而且要在本研究领域撰写一本几乎像书一样厚的学位论文依据学科的不同有的可能最终被搁置一旁就像埃普索泻盐的商标被贴在药箱的后面一样泰然自若。

这些学生必须通过拼凑各种补助金和工钱来获得他们的生活费用这些工钱是他们帮助教授本科生的课程所赚取的但也花费了他们一部分研究时间。

三年级的医学专业学生因为在医院的轮流值班而累得两眼模糊但他们努力干这种工作至少是为了取得他们的学位。

5.研究生院委员会主席黛布拉·威尔斯·斯图尔特说在一定程度上财政资助系统应该为获取人文学科的学位需要花费如此长的时间负责。

在许多国家,政府支助学生在一定的时间范围内也许三年或者四年里完成博士学位。

6.在美国由于大部分学生会休学从获得学士学位到拿到博士学位的时间可能需要将近十二年。

大约一半的攻读人文学科博士学位的学生可能会中途退学。

目前学生一般获得哲学博士学位的年龄是35岁负担23000美元的贷款还要面临历史上不景气的就业市场。

兼职工作——伴随着一年又一年的契约没有福利和保障——这可能是唯一的选择。

7.路易斯·梅南德, 哈佛大学的一名英语教授和另一位关于博士教育过程的评论家,指出:“因为博士教育过程的冗长和不确定性学生的生活被扭曲了。

”在他的新书《市场理念》中他写道,“从更少的考虑个人的角度上这存在着巨大的社会效率低下的问题因为录取的是高智商的人并且投入资源培训他们而他们中的一半将永远无法完成学业并且大多数将找不到工作。

8.在现代语言协会春季版的时事通迅中密西根大学的一名英语教授和该组织的主席西顿尼·史密斯重新又提出已经困扰蓝带工作小组和教育专门小组多年的一项议案扩大除传统的学位论文以外的研究内容选择的范围包括已经出版的同行评审的论文、研究文件夹、数字出版物和陈述报告。

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