同达插班生英语资料4
插班生考试英语复习资料
8th day 插班生基础班词条自测intangible benefitsintangible assetsirrelevant remarksThat evidence is irrelevant to the case.a tangle of branchesphysical appearancethe physical worlda rough calculationrough groundcrude oilcrude mannersa rude commentrude jokescoarse handsa tough childhooda tough decision to makea furious debatea cruel dictatorcruelty to animalsa savage tribefierce controversya fanatical supporter religious fanaticsrelentless pursuit of perfection a relentless enemya ruthless dictatorruthless enemyreckless driversrash promisesbold ideasbold letteringa bald tyrea bald statementthe bald truththe bald headin bare feetbarren landa barren argumenta sterile debatethe sterile couplea restless nightrestless audienceconsistent supportdiscrete categoriesa few discreet enquiries moderate views/policies moderate exercisea mild climatea mild punishmentan intermediate coursea modest dressa modest studentto mollify his angerto mitigate povertyto pacify the babyfalse modestyto humiliate his bossan eminent architecthis impending retirement thrifty shoppersa frugal lifea frugal lunchat the threshold of the bedroomon the threshold of a new lifeto commence her medical careerthe new term commences.at the outsetto launch an appealto launch an attack/invasionto usher in the new chapterto defraud the governmentfraudulent advertisingthe outbreak of wara significant breakthrough in negotiations the 7th commencementin a whisperthe whistle of the windShe wants to scream.a terrific shrieka shrill voicethe daily grind of governmentto grind coffeeto moan in painto groan with painto start to grumblerotating chairpersonto revolve around the sunto roll up your sleeveto enroll the children for piano lessons blood circulationto wrestle with the problemsThey taught me to wrestle.She wrenched her knee.to twist my arm behind my backto distort the factShe swerved sharply to avoid a cyclist. He wrecked the garden.the wreckage of his carin utter miserya miserable lifeconsiderable distressdistress flarea disastrous resultto share their common joys and grieves a great deal of political mischiefto grieve over his lossesblind worshipwear-and-teara weary travellerThey're getting awfully weary of this silly war. physical and mental fatiguethe elapse of timeAll hopes vanished.The advantages eclipse the disadvantages.at the warehousein the wardrobesurveillance cameras/equipmentto ward off the cold mountain windan arrest warranta watertight containera watertight alibi/excusewaterproof clothinga waterproof camerato withstand the test of timemore tolerant attitudesa tolerable degree of successtolerable painto refrain from smokingto refrain from tears compulsory educationa summit in Moscowto culminate in tragedyto highlight these factsthe auction houseto bid $18 billion for this company in a bid to restore their popularity by secret ballota ballet dancera more optimistic viewto optimize the use of resources an outstanding judgethe optimum temperatureto be pessimistic about the future covetous staresan elegant dressa handsome profita lucrative business cumbersome machineryan extravagant presenta graceful dancera gracious ladya gracious smileexquisite craftsmanshipan amicable relationshipa very kind and amiable old woman an innocent bystandera bomb blastto assail the opponentsthe assault on the presidentthe nominal leader of the partyto nominate candidatesthe disreputable place of entertainment family discordThe grass had withered.wax and wanechoral musicin the chorusthe chronological sequencein alphabetic orderto confess your sinsa verbal agreement/warningvocal musicthe intensity of the crisisthe population densitythe velocity of lightwith an astonishing velocitythe ratio of men to womena high rate of unemploymentat an average rate of 5 kilometers an houron a scale of zero to tenin the 17-20 age rangeto spend a disproportionate amount of our income on rent an appropriate measureto appropriate more funding for this purposeto embezzle propertythe embezzlement of fundsrapid growththe rapidity of the changesa new surge of interestmotor vehiclesat stationery shopsa stationary vehiclea fishing vessela heart arteryin the vicinity of the schoola deep affinity with naturea shrewd businessmanan amateur goalkeeperto specialize in criminal lawthe presidential vetoa well-ventilated roomutter nonsensethe utmost importanceto maximize opportunities/resources the maximal zooender wordsthe tender meatan interim governmentto pacify the furious crowdtrivial detaila feeble old mana feeble argumentto dazzle and enchant the observer's eye at dizzy speedthe fragility of the global recoverya compact camerathe compact officeThe committee is comprised of representatives.to compile a good dictionarya research instituteto institute a number of measuresan official institution of censorshipa meat substituteFemale workers constitute the majority of the labor force. the active constituent of drinksShe has the full support of her constituents.a new constitutionthe genetic constitution of cellsa military compoundorganic compoundsa composite picturethe components of a machineThe court adjourned for lunch.the exhaustive researchan explicable conductprerequisite knowledgeextravagant lifestyleimmoderate drinkingnatural instinctto redeem the mortgagean official decreeplain foodthe plain churchthe plaintiff in the suitpleading eyesa petition against experiments on animals an ardent supportera cordial atmospherean arduous journeythe insidious effectsa high social statusthe new statuteto pull down a statuehis physical statureto preach the word of Godto breach the code of conduct on privacy to prosecute drivers for speeding persecuted minoritiesto prune a bushshear their sheepthe prototype of the modern bicycle to be punctual for classthe importance of punctuality13※孔老师英语资料※。
V OUT
NOTESDefinitionsShort-form specification — The data in a short-form specification is extracted from a full data sheet with the same type number and title. For detailed information see the relevant data sheet or data handbook.Limiting values definition — Limiting values given are in accordance with the Absolute Maximum Rating System (IEC 134). Stress above one or more of the limiting values may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only and operation of the device at these or at any other conditions above those given in the Characteristics sections of the specification is not implied. Exposure to limiting values for extended periods may affect device reliability.Application information — Applications that are described herein for any of these products are for illustrative purposes only. Philips Semiconductors make no representation or warranty that such applications will be suitable for the specified use without further testing or modification.DisclaimersLife support — These products are not designed for use in life support appliances, devices or systems where malfunction of these products can reasonably be expected to result in personal injury. Philips Semiconductors customers using or selling these products for use in such applications do so at their own risk and agree to fully indemnify Philips Semiconductors for any damages resulting from such application.Right to make changes — Philips Semiconductors reserves the right to make changes, without notice, in the products, including circuits, standard cells, and/or software, described or contained herein in order to improve design and/or performance. Philips Semiconductors assumes no responsibility or liability for the use of any of these products, conveys no license or title under any patent, copyright, or mask work right to these products, and makes no representations or warranties that these products are free from patent, copyright, or mask work right infringement, unless otherwise specified.Philips Semiconductors811 East Arques AvenueP.O. Box 3409Sunnyvale, California 94088–3409 Telephone 800-234-7381© Copyright Philips Electronics North America Corporation 1998All rights reserved. Printed in U.S.A.Date of release: 05-98。
广东学导练秋七年级英语上册module4unit7schoolclubs课件新版牛津深圳版
A.other’s B.the other C.another
【7】amazing adj. inspiring awe or admiration or wonder 令人大为惊奇的
Where are those amazing photos taken from？那些神 奇的照片是在哪里拍的？ 【同根词】
于：another 表示不确定数目中的“另一个”，而the other 表示两个人或两个事物中的“另一个”。
Have another piece of cake．再吃一块饼吧。 Both my uncles are abroad，one in Paris and the other in New York．我的两个叔叔都在国外，一个在巴 黎，另一个在纽约。 【应用】 ( C)—Shall we meet at 9 o’clock tomorrow
They were very surprised. 他们感到很惊讶。 【同根词】
(1)surprising adj. 令人惊讶的 But that is not surprising, either. 但那也不令人惊讶。
(2)surprise v. 使人惊讶 n. 惊讶；惊喜 Her beauty surprised me. 我惊讶于她的美貌。 He gave his mother a big surprise. 他给了他妈妈一个 大惊喜。 【拓展】 (1)be surprised at... 对……感到惊讶 I was surprised at the news. 这个消息令我感到惊讶。 (2)to one’s surprise 使某人惊讶的是 To my surprise, she made it at last. 使我惊讶的是， 她最终成功了。
2012年上海插班生考试综述
插班生相关信息综述一、插班生招生政策（1）政策背景在目前的高考制度下，每年都有部分优秀的高中生因为高考发挥欠佳而无缘进入重点名牌大学，同时，上海各本科高校中有不少表现非常优秀或有特殊才能的学生希望转入重点大学学习，重点高校也愿意通过招收插班生为他们提供可能的途径。
随着高等教育事业的迅速发展，大学生在本科高校中的适当流动满足了学生的需求，同时也利于在学生中建立适当的竞争机制，激发学生的创新精神和创新能力。
（2）招生院校上海市教委本着培养创新人才、鼓励优等学生成才以及在大学本科新生中引入适当竞争机制的目的，自2000年起先后允许复旦大学、上海交通大学、同济大学、华东理工大学、华东师范大学、上海财经大学、华东理工大学、上海大学、东华大学、上海理工大学等重点高校招收插班生。
从2000年至今一直都在招生的院校有：复旦大学、华东师范大学、华东理工大学、上海大学。
自2005年开始每年都有5所以上的高校招生，从未间断过。
但是具体哪些高校的哪些专业招生每年略有一些变化，各院校的招生简章要到每年的4、5月份公布，6、7月间进行考试。
2011年，上海只有复旦大学、华东师范大学、华东理工大学、上海大学、上海理工大学、上海工程技术大学等6所高校招收插班生。
2012年复旦大学、上海交通大学、同济大学、华东师范大学、华东理工大学、东华大学、上海大学、上海理工大学、上海工程技术大学、上海海事大学、上海海洋大学和华东政法大学共12所高校在部分专业中进行普通高校招收插班生试点工作，共招生363名。
交大招收10人，其中法学3人，应用化学4人，医学检验3人。
复旦招收33人，中国语言文学3人，历史学3人，哲学3人，电子科学与技术3人，核技术4人，理论与应用力学2人，基础医学（五年制）5人，预防医学（五年制）5人，药学5人。
（3）报考条件凡上海市普通高校在读的全日制一年级本科毕业生，品德优良、身体健康、在完成第一学年学习并且成绩全部合格，都可以参加插班生考试（一年级成绩单上无不及格课程）。
七年级插班生考卷
七年级插班生英语考卷一、选择题（30分）36. Please _________ look at the blackboard.A. notB. don’t toC. don’tD. no37. There _________ any money on the floor.A. areB. isC. isn’tD. aren’t38. Let me help you _________ the box.A. to findsB. to seeC. lookD. find39. I can’t speak _________ English. What’s that _________ English?A. /, ofB. in, inC. /, inD. the, /40. Are Lily and Lucy in _________ class? No, they are in _________ classes.A. the same, the differentB. a same, a differentC. same, differentD. the same, different41. Jim likes _________ TV after school.A. watchB. watchesC. to watchD. to see42. The clothes are green. I want to _________.A. colour it redB. colour it to redC. colour them redD. colour them to red43. _________ young man in a black shirt is _________ good worker.A. The, theB. The, aC. An, aD. An, the44. It’s7 o’clock. It’s time for _________.A. get to schoolB. go to schoolC. schoolD. schools45. These books are Miss Li’s. Please give _________A. her temB. them to herC. it to herD. her it.46. Mr Smith is forty, but he _________ very old.A. lookB. looks likeC. looksD. look like47. This isn’t _________ skirt. _________ is on the clothes line.A. my, MyB. her, HisC. her……HerD. your……Yours48. _________ is your bike? The green one.A. WhereB. WhichC. WhatD. What colour49. Who’s the girl _________ green. Is she your sister?A. onB. inC. in theD. in a50. Tom is _________ brother.A. Lucy’s and LilyB. Lucy’s and Lily’sC. Lucy’s and LilyD. Lucy and Lily’s答案一，36-40：CCDCD 41-45:CCBCB 46-50:CDBBD。
同达插班生英语资料4
同达插班⽣英语资料4插班⽣英语冲刺阶段天天练（4）⼀词汇选择1.You should keep calm during your_______test.Do not be nervous.A.oralB.platformC.rudeD.shield2.Our guide gave us a detailed_______of this painting but we still do not understand.A.authorityB.interpretationC.instructionD.institution3.Our_______is London.But the plane took us to Paris.A.departureB.donkeyC.destinationD.discount4.Generally speaking,there is always a generation_______in every country.A.gapB.breakC.globeD.equality5.Careful planning and hard work will_______our final success.A.encloseB.ensureC.dischargeD.deny6.He_______to his roommate for being so rude yesterday.A.worriedB.doubtedC.apologizedD.dissolved8.The Chinese food in the United States is usually_______for American people.A.exchangedB.alteredC.modifiedD.cooked9.There are_______approaches to English teaching.But not all of them are equally efficient for our Chinese students.A.doubleB.joint/doc/6feef19553d380eb6294dd88d0d233d4b04e3f5d.html inateD.diverse10.He has a bad impression of his_______in the office.A.colleaguesB.bulletsC.barbersD.audience11.His eyes_______with rage but he did not dare to say anything.A.flashedB.wickedC.votedD.protested12.The list is arranged according to the_______professions of the audience.A.respectiveB.responsibleC.resourceD.resolution13.This is our_______.So you can do what you need to do here.A.substanceB.scheduleC.noticeD.noun14.That rich man has been dead for a long time but his________is still not known to the public.15.I could have_______such a situation but I didn’t.A.forecastB.overcomeC.shedD.urged16.I prefer a_______typewriter to an automatic one.A.mechanicB.manualC.merchantD.mental17.If you want to stop for a moment,just press the‘_______’button on your tape recorder.A.toiletB.thumbC.violinD.pause20.I have_______three terrible English examinations this week.A.observedB.operatedC.undergoneD.suffered21.This is a purely_______problem,not a political one.A.additionalB.advantageC.announceD.academic22.The_______TOEFL score for entering this program is600.A.lessB.sandyC.stainD.minimum23.The best example of a paradox is the proverb‘More_______,less speed’.C.possessionD.purse24.This company provides a very good_______service for its products.A.maintenanceB.meritC.philosophyD.pigeon25.There is more_______in meat than in vegetables.A.damB.proteinC.cashD.bloody26.Do not_______in the exam.This will do you no good.A.coinB.disasterC.cheatD.resort27.Because of the boring_______,we need to take a vacation every year.A.routineB.surgeryC.rifleD.sake28.We need to_______the purpose of the experiment again.A.clarifyB.cheekC.claimD.clap29.I_______great success for my study in this university.A.disgustB.proceedC.pioneerD.anticipate30.From the_______from this examination,we know it is too easy for the students.C.outlineD.overlook31.He drove very fast to_______that red car.A.scatterB.overtakeC.siteD.sponsor32.Slides are sometimes called________film.A.whistleB.vigorousC.robotD.transparent33.Professor Smith_______the most important part in his paper.A.omittedB.disputedC.designedD.chased34.This knife is made of steel_______and it can be used for a long time.A.mixedB.alloyC.championD.grasp35.The theory of_______was developed by Darwin and is now understood by nearly everybody in the world.A.determinationB.distributionC.disciplineD.evolution36.Mr.Green has recently been_______to director of the president’s office.A.pushedB.purchasedC.promotedD.promised37.We don’t think that his_______ability has been well developed.B.potentialC.underneathD.vital38.Our_______talks promise a good future for our cooperation.A.interiorB.insuranceC.initialD.invisible39.The_______can help people to see very small objects.A.metropolitanB.microphoneC.microscopeD.microwave40.Physically we feel comfortable.But_______,we suffer a lot.A.psychologicallyB.moderatelyC.naturallyD.precisely41.Mary has a_______view of our future.But nobody believes what she said.A.portableB.primaryC.possessionD.positive42.Nobody knows his_______for helping us.A.motiveB.motionC.moodD.moral43.Both sides agree to establish a_______zone between the south and north.A.midst/doc/6feef19553d380eb6294dd88d0d233d4b04e3f5d.html dC.mentionD.neutral44.This is a_______moment for our research.We should be careful.B.beltC.conscienceD.copper45.This textbook is for the_______students,not for the beginners.A.observationB.transportationC.advancedD.transfer46.When I read the newspaper,I always read the_______first.A.headlinesB.headquartersC.heavenD.horizon47.They_______our house at$10,000.A.countB.vanishC.weaveD.assess48.When he studied at college,Jack was supported by a_______.A.treatmentB.assistanceC.scholarshipD.protein49.Even as_______,he made several wonderful inventions.A.a stockB.a representativeC.an undergraduateD.a gulf50.An emergency_______is very important in case of fire.A.exitB.depositC.dischargeD.elaborate⼆词汇填空1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.1.She was running()outside her house,shouting for help.2.The disease is more commonly()Mad Cow Disease.3.He is having()trouble with his car,isn’t he?4.The little girl had to hold onto the railings to().5.I prefer to live near my work()spend a lot of time traveling every day.6.I used to()him as someone who would always help me,but I was wrong.1.需要相当多的练习才能在速度和耐⼒两⽅⾯均技术娴熟。
Finnet Group
Project P911-PFIP MulticastDeliverable 1State-of-the-Art Technologies, Products, and ServicesVolume 1 of 3: Main ReportSuggested readers:•People in the Shareholders responsible for planning and deployment of services in IP networks.•Also this Deliverable functions as a ´white paper`, describing a European view from the Project, concerning the relevance of ongoing work and prioritisation of missing issues in the area of IP MulticastFor Full PublicationMay 2000EURESCOM PARTICIPANTS in Project P911-PF are:•Deutsche Telekom AG•Finnet Group•France Télécom•Iceland Telecom Ltd.•Telecom Italia S.p.A.•Hellenic Telecommunications Organisation SA (OTE)This document contains material which is the copyright of certain EURESCOM PARTICIPANTS, and may not be reproduced or copied without permission.All PARTICIPANTS have agreed to full publication of this documentThe commercial use of any information contained in this document may require a license from the proprietor of that information.Neither the PARTICIPANTS nor EURESCOM warrant that the information contained in the report is capable of use, or that use of the information is free from risk, and accept no liability for loss or damage suffered by any person using this information.This document has been approved by EURESCOM Board of Governors for distribution to all EURESCOM Shareholders.© 2000 EURESCOM Participants in Project P911-PFDeliverable 1Volume 1: Main ReportPrefaceIP Multicast technologies have been around for a few years, but have still to see theircommercial breakthrough. The well-known MBone provides access for many peopleto IETF meetings and other events, but the operation of the MBone needs expertise, aresource that is scarce.In search of Multicast technologies, which are deployable for a Network Operator in acommercial scale and to non-technical customers, the Project P911 has looked at thestate-of-the-art. Not only concerning Multicast mechanisms in the network, but alsosupport in applications and deployed and planned services based on Multicast.•This first Deliverable of the Project presents the survey. It should be regarded as state-of-the-art report in an environment, which is changing rapidly.•The second Deliverable reports on tests, which were performed on a set of Multicast protocols (implemented on popular routers). Since this world is alsochanging, the results should be used as indications of maturity of the differentprotocols, rather than an absolute rating of them.The scope of the Project was intentionally broad, in order to achieve a solid base forfurther work. And indeed a continuation Project is planned, and will start early in theyear 2000.Participants from 6 Shareholders contributed to the work. Project Leader was PeterFeil, Deutsche Telekom, T-Nova/Berkom.© 2000 EURESCOM Participants in Project P911-PF page iii (xii)Volume 1: Main Report Deliverable 1Executive SummaryThis first Deliverable of the Project P911 presents a state-of-the-arts report oftechnologies, products, and services in the area of IP Multicast.It gives an overview of the work done around the world by relevant research groups,service providers, and vendors. Serving as an ´IP Multicast White Paper` thisDeliverable covers not only the available protocols, services, and applications, butalso identifies missing issues from a European perspective.Starting with a more general description of Multicast services and some examples ofalready existing commercial implementations, the most important applications in thearea of IP Multicast are presented. This includes not only the well-known MBonetools but also some commercial products.The next chapters are more technologically oriented: First, the general mechanismsand the architecture of IP Multicast are presented followed by an overview of themost important protocols in this area (routing, transport, addressing). Technical issuesare then covered with topics like IP Multicast and QoS, Reliable Multicast, andSecurity. Finally deployment issues are addressed which need some furtherelaboration if IP Multicast is to be deployed on a broader scale.The main volume of this Deliverable comprises the most important facts whereasadditional and more detailed information can be found in the two Annexe.Based on this survey the project participants performed trials with protocols,applications, and services. The results and experiences achieved in these experimentsas well as recommendations for new services with IP Multicast are described inDeliverable 2.page iv (xii)© 2000 EURESCOM Participants in Project P911-PFDeliverable 1Volume 1: Main ReportList of AuthorsPeter Feil (Project Leader and Editor)DTMarkku.Mäki AFOlaf Bonness DTF. Hartanto DTNicolai Leymann DTChristian Siebel DTMichael Smirnov DTDorota Witaszek DTV. Yau DTAndré Zehl DTTanja Zseby DTNoël Cantenot FTEmmanuel Gouleau FTChristian Jacquenet FTNicole le Minous FTC. Proust FTSaemundur E. Thorsteinsson ICHafþór Óskarsson ICF. Bracali ITLoris.Marchetti ITGeorge Diakonikolaou (Editor)OGConstantinos Boukouvalas (Editor)OG© 2000 EURESCOM Participants in Project P911-PF page v (xii)Volume 1: Main Report Deliverable 1Table of ContentsPreface (iii)Executive Summary (iv)List of Authors (v)Table of Contents (vi)Abbreviations (ix)1Introduction (1)2Services (3)2.1Introduction (3)2.2Multicast Services (3)2.2.1Real-Time Services with Multimedia Content (4)2.2.2Real-Time services with Data-only Content (4)2.2.3Non-Real-Time Services with Multimedia Content (4)2.2.4Non-Real-Time Services with Data-only Content (5)2.3Commercial Services (5)2.3.1Overview of Multicast Services (5)2.3.2Examples of Services based on IP Multicast (6)2.3.3Some Multicast Services offered today by ISPs (7)3Applications (9)3.1Requirements from IP Multicast Applications (9)3.1.1Routing (9)3.1.2Multimedia Transport Protocols (9)3.1.3Reliability (10)3.2Experimental IP Multicast Applications (11)3.2.1VIC – The Video Conferencing Tool (11)3.2.2VAT – The Visual Audio Tool (12)3.2.3SDR – The Session Directory (12)3.2.4WB – The Shared WhiteBoard Application (12)3.2.5MPOLL (12)3.2.6RAT – The Robust Audio Tool (13)3.2.7RTPTOOLS (13)3.2.8CMT (Berkeley Continuous Media Toolkit) (13)3.2.9MASH (14)3.2.10MInT (14)3.2.11Freephone (14)3.2.12Rendezvous (15)3.2.13MultiMon (15)3.2.14NTE – The Network Text Editor (16)3.3Products and Commercial Applications (16)3.3.1IP/TV from Cisco (16)3.3.2Microsoft NetShow Services (17)3.3.3RealAudio / RealVideo (18)3.4Summary Table of Applications (20)page vi (xii)© 2000 EURESCOM Participants in Project P911-PFDeliverable 1Volume 1: Main Report 4Architecture and General Mechanisms of IP Multicast (21)4.1General Mechanisms for IP Multicast (21)4.1.1Multicast Group Membership (21)4.1.2Host Group (21)4.1.3Multicast Group Address (21)4.1.4Multicast Group Membership Management (22)4.1.5Delivery Techniques (22)4.1.6Techniques for Reliable Multicast (23)4.1.7Scoped Multicast (24)4.1.8Multicast Address Allocation (24)4.2Routing and Transport Protocols (25)4.2.1Multicast Routing Protocols (25)4.2.2Multicast Transport Protocols (26)4.2.3General Transport Mechanisms (27)4.2.4Reliable Multicast Transport Protocols (29)4.2.5Interactivity versus Reliability (29)4.2.6Multicast Transport Classification (30)4.3Standardisation (31)4.3.1The IETF and IP Multicast (31)4.3.2The IRTF and IP Multicast (32)4.4Existing Implementations of Routing Protocols (33)5Technical Issues (34)5.1IP Multicast over specific Link Layer Technologies (34)5.1.1IP Multicast over ATM: The Multicast Integration Server(MIS) (34)5.2IP Multicast and QoS (34)5.2.1IntServ (35)5.2.2DiffServ (35)5.2.3QoS-based Routing (36)5.2.4Open Issues (36)5.3Reliable Multicast (37)5.3.1General Purpose Protocols (39)5.3.2Support For Multipoint Interactive Applications (39)5.3.4Support for Data Dissemination Services (40)5.4Security (40)5.4.1Requirements (40)5.4.2Design Goals (41)5.4.3Architecture for Secure Multicast (42)6Deployment Issues (45)6.1Monitoring, Management, and Accounting (45)6.1.1Monitoring and Management (45)6.1.2Future Work (46)6.1.3Accounting (46)6.1.4Issues (47)6.2Scalability, Stability, and Policy Issues (47)6.2.1Scalability (47)6.2.2Stability (48)6.2.3Policy (48)6.2.4The MIX Experience (48)6.3Address Management and Allocation (49)© 2000 EURESCOM Participants in Project P911-PF page vii (xii)Volume 1: Main Report Deliverable 16.3.1TTL-Based Scoping (49)6.3.2Administratively Scoped IP Multicast (50)6.3.3The MALLOC layered Architecture (50)6.3.4Open Issues (Potential Drawbacks) (51)7Conclusions and Outlook (52)8References (53)page viii (xii)© 2000 EURESCOM Participants in Project P911-PFDeliverable 1Volume 1: Main ReportAbbreviationsAAP Address Allocation ProtocolACK AcknowledgementAF Finnet GroupALF Application Layer FramingAPI Application Programming InterfaceATM Asynchronous Transfer ModeAV Audio / VideoBGMP Border Gateway Multicast ProtocolBGP Border Gateway Protocol (Routing Protocol)CBT Core Based Tree (Routing Protocol)CBQ Class Based QueuingCSCW Computer Supported Co-operative WorkDiffServ Differentiated ServicesDSCP Differential Service Code PointDT Deutsche TelekomDVB Digital Video BroadcastDVMRP Distance Vector Multicast ProtocolEARTH EAsy IP Multicast Routing THrough ATM clouds (protocol)FDDI Fiber Distributed Data InterfaceFEC Forward Explicit ControlFT France TélécomHPY Helsinki Telephone Corp.IC Iceland TelecomICMP Internet Control Messaging ProtocolIDMR Inter Domain Multicast Routing (IETF Working Group)IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics EngineersIETF Internet Engineering Task ForceIGMP Internet Group Management ProtocolIntServ Integrated ServicesIOS Interface Operating System (Software on Cisco Systems)IP Internet ProtocolIRTF Internet Research Task ForceISDN Integrated Services Digital Network© 2000 EURESCOM Participants in Project P911-PF page ix (xii)Volume 1: Main Report Deliverable 1ISP Internet Service ProviderIT Telecom ItaliaITU-T International Telecommunication Union – Telecommunications JPEG Joint Photographic Experts Group (Video Coding)kbps Kilobit per secondLAN Local Area NetworkLBL Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryLIS Logical IP SubnetMAAS Multicast Address Allocation ServerMAC Media Access ControlMADCAP Multicast Address Allocation ProtocolMALLOC Multicast Address Allocation (Working Group of the IETF) MARS Multicast Address Resolution ServerMASC Multicast Address Set ClaimMBGP Multicast Border Gateway Protocol (Multicast RoutingProtocol)MBone Multicast Backbone on the InternetMBONED MBone Deployment Working Group of the IETFMFTP Multicast File Transfer ProtocolMIB Management Information BaseMIKE Multicast Internet Key ExchangeMIS Multicast Integration ServerMIX Multicast Exchange PointMLD Multicast Listener DiscoveryMLIS Multicast Logical IP SubnetMOSPF Multicast Open Shortest Path First (Routing Protocol)MPEG Motion Pictures Experts Group (Compression Architecture forDigital Videos)MRM Multicast Routing MonitorMSA Multicast Security AssociationMSDP Multicast Source Discovery ProtocolMTP Multicast Transport ProtocolNACK Negative AcknowledgementNRT Non-Real-TimeNSAP Network Service Access PointNTE Network Text Editorpage x (xii)© 2000 EURESCOM Participants in Project P911-PFOCBT Ordered Core Based Tree (Routing Protocol)OG Hellenic Telecom Organisation SA (OTE)OSPF Open Shortest Path First (Multicast Routing Protocol)PGM Pragmatic Multicast ProtocolPHB Per Hop BehaviourPIM Protocol Independent Multicast (Routing Protocol)PIM-DM PIM Dense Mode (Routing Protocol)PIM-SM PIM Sparse Mode (Routing Protocol)PVC Permanent Virtual ConnectionQoS Quality of ServiceQoSMIC Quality of Service sensitive Multicast Internet Protocol Service RADIUS Remote Authentication Dial In User ServerRAT Robust Audio ToolRBP Reliable Broadcast ProtocolRFC Request For CommentsRMF Reliable Multicast FrameworksRMFP Reliable Multicast Framing ProtocolRMGR Reliable Multicast Research Group (IRTF Research Group) RMP Reliable Multicast ProtocolRMT Reliable Multicast Transport (IETF Working Group)RP Rendezvous PointRPB Reverse Path BroadcastingRPM Reverse Path MulticastingRSVP Resource ReSerVation ProtocolRT Real-TimeRTCP Real-Time Control ProtocolRTFM Real Time Flow MeasurementRTP Real-Time Transport ProtocolRTSP Real-Time Streaming ProtocolRTT Round Trip TimeSAM Source Authentication ModuleSAP Session Announcement ProtocolSDP Session Description ProtocolSDR Session Directory ToolSIP Session Initiation ProtocolSLA Service Level AgreementSMUG Secure Multicast Research Group (IRTF Research Group) SNMP Simple Network Management ProtocolSSM Source Specific MulticastTCP Transmission Control ProtocolTOS Type of ServiceTRPB Truncated Reverse Path BroadcastingTTL Time To LiveUCL University College LondonUDP User Datagram ProtocolUNI User Network InterfaceURGC Uniform Reliable Group Communication ProtocolVAT Visual Audio ToolVIC Video Conferencing ToolWB Whiteboard Tool (MBone Tool)WWW World Wide WebXTP Express Transport Protocol1IntroductionIP Multicast is an emerging set of technologies and standards that allow many-to-many transmissions such as conferencing, or one-to-many transmissions such as livebroadcasts of audio and video over the Internet. Although Multicast applications areprimarily used in the research community today, this situation is likely to change soonas the demand for Internet multimedia applications increases and Multicasttechnologies improve.Multicasting is a technical term which means that one piece of data (a packet) can besent to multiple sites at the same time. The usual way of moving information aroundthe Internet is by using unicast protocols, which send packets to one site at a time.On a Multicast network, one single packet of information can be sent from onecomputer for distribution to several other computers, instead of having to send thatpacket once for every destination. Because 5, 10 or 100 machines can receive thesame packet, bandwidth is conserved. Also, when Multicasting is used to send apacket, there is no need to know the address of everyone who wants to receive theMulticast stream: The data is simply ´broadcast` in an intelligent way to anyone whois interested in receiving it.Multicast enabled networks offer a wide range of services and new applications to theend user. Many of the Multicast enabled applications are multimedia applications,although there exists a variety of applications that use IP Multicast technology fornon-multimedia purposes. Real-time applications include live broadcasts of TV orradio shows, financial data information delivery, whiteboard collaboration and videoconferencing, non-real time applications including file transfer, data or filereplication, video-on-demand and many more.Multicast transmission offers many advantages compared to the traditional unicasttransmission. Available network bandwidth is utilised more efficiently since multiplestreams of data are replaced by a single Multicast transmission. It offers optimisedperformance since less copies of data require forwarding and processing within thenetwork nodes.Before an IP network and its users can benefit from these advanced features, IPMulticast routing capabilities must be enabled in the network nodes. Depending onthe network usage policies and the users’ demands issues concerning routing,reliability, network addressing and multimedia transport protocols are of primaryimportance nowadays for network operators in this context.IP Multicast relies on the existence of an underlying Multicast delivery system toforward data from a sender to all the interested receivers. Such delivery systems couldbe satellite networks, frame relay networks, ATM networks, ISDN connections andfinally the world-wide Internet.Multicasting does not offer advantages only to the end user. Most Multicastapplications are UDP-based, which can result to undesirable side-effects (packagescan be dropped) compared to similar unicast TCP-based applications. However, nocongestion control can result in overall network degradation. Also duplicate packetscan occasionally be generated as Multicast network topologies change.Today, companies exist that offer commercial services based on Multicast technology.In 3 to 5 years the deployment of IPv6 will bring native Multicast to the net user.More reliable routing software with new protocols that make good use of theinfrastructure is expected. With native Multicast routing issues will be resolved easier and bandwidth will be conserved.Multicasting is a relatively new technology allowing customers to benefit from real-time applications that otherwise would require extremely large amounts of bandwidth. This evolution makes it possible for a large category of companies to ´emit` their products to groups of people at an extremely low cost, compared to unicast. Multicast by reducing network traffic and saving bandwidth allows users to exploit the maximum possible utilisation of the Internet. Multicast offers to all kind of people that are concerned with the Internet (end users, network operators, ISPs and other related companies) an economical and technically viable solution to the problem of transmitting large amounts of information to selected groups of people.To enable IP Multicast on the global Internet or in intranets, the first way that has been gone was to interconnect multiple Multicast enabled network islands with the help of IP Multicast ´tunnels`. Since tunnels are neither scalable, nor do they offer the advantages of Multicast inherently, the next step is currently to replace the tunnel infrastructure with a ´real` Multicast routing infrastructure. The current state-of-the-art of IP Multicast technology offers various ways for routing and addressing, and the big challenge is currently to establish a reliable global infrastructure that allows for similar scalability and reliability in its deployment as the unicast Internet infrastructure does today.While the network protocol IP itself offers inherent mechanisms for IP Multicast, higher layer protocols do not support this. Although ´unreliable` protocols, like UDP or RTP, can be used on top of IP Multicast, TCP implementations and higher layer ´reliable` transport protocols well-known in unicast environments don’t support Multicast. Thus, specially tailored Multicast transport protocols have been developed, and the result is that there will be no general purpose Multicast transport protocol for all cases, but either highly configurable protocols or highly specialised protocols for specific reliable transmission purposes in an IP Multicast environment.2Services2.1IntroductionOver the the last 20 years, Internet traffic has been growing exponentially. This trafficgrowth was basically growth of the point-to-point traffic or ´unicast` traffic, whereeither a file is downloaded from a site, a web page is visited or an email is exchangedbetween two points. One of the biggest opportunities the Internet protocol offers, hasnot even slightly started for large-scale usage. This is the usage of the Internet forbroadcast-media like TV, Business TV, Interactive TV shows, radio, and so on, aswell as distribution of software, movies, CD-titles through subscribed ´push channels`to Internet users. Usage of the Internet for this type of applications will initiateanother wave of traffic on the net.The underlying ´IP Multicast` technology for simple one-to-many-transmission hasbeen available since the early 1990s and in the past two years considerable effort hasbeen put into the development of global routing protocols that allow for scalablerouting of this traffic over the Internet. Although an ´IP broadcast` mechanism isavailable in the Internet protocol, this mechanism is not intended for use with´Broadcast Media`, since this IP broadcast sends it traffic to every machine on thelocal sub-net. But since it is a waste of available bandwidth to send the traffic to everymachine, if needed or not, the Multicast mechanism was designed to allow for´subscription` of certain Multicast channels or ´Multicast groups`.Although IP Multicast is not widely used on the Internet today, it is generallyexpected that as soon as the experimental nature of the current Multicastimplementations moves to a more stable production network, new applications andservices will flourish on the network.Today few commercial services are based on Multicast technologies. It is generallyexpected that the deployment of IPv6 will bring native Multicast for the net user inthe coming years. More reliable routing software with new protocols that make gooduse of the infrastructure is expected. Native Multicast routing will allow for a betterscalability and even with traditional ´Broadcast media` on the Internet bandwidth willbe conserved. Multicast offers Internet end users, network operators, ISPs and Internetrelated industries an economical and technically viable solution to the problem oftransmitting large amounts of information to selected groups of people.2.2Multicast ServicesIP Multicast services can be divided into four groups:Real-Time (RT) services:1.RT with multimedia content: This kind of data includes video/audio. In real-timeservices, the presentation happens parallel to the downloading procedure andrequires hard limits on delay and jitter. Multimedia is not sensitive totransmission errors. Includes interactive and non-interactive services.2.RT with data-only content: Time-dependent data that is often sensitive totransmission errors and thus requires reliable Multicast. Includes both interactiveand non-interactive services.Non-Real-Time (NRT) services:3.NRT with multimedia content: Audio/video that is not presented in parallel to thedownloading procedure. Local playback of multimedia.4.NRT with data-only content: Distribution of data, often within a corporation;needs reliable Multicast.2.2.1Real-Time Services with Multimedia ContentThis group of services can be split into interactive and non-interactive services:•Interactive: Conferencing services (many-to-many) are highly interactive, having tight limits on delay and jitter. Typical are Audio/Video conferencingservices, which have been very successful with a number of commercialapplications already existing today. Such a conference scenario would normallyhave tens of members, some receiving and transmitting but some only receiving.•Non-Interactive: Typical is a broadcasting service similar to TV- or radio distribution (one sender and multiple receivers – one-to-many). It has to providea very high scalability, with possibly millions of recipients. The content madeavailable can include the broadcasting of live events, but also pre-recordedmaterial provided by Audio/Video servers.2.2.2Real-Time services with Data-only ContentThese kind of services can be interactive (many-to-many) such as and white-boarding-conferences and distributed games, or they can be non-interactive (one-to-many) suchas a typical data/news feed:•Whiteboard-conferencing: Similar to multimedia conferences but instead of video transmission, conference members share a whiteboard that supports text andimages. This is also known as ´Computer Supported Co-operative Work (CSCW)`Most likely not more than 20 participants will join such a session which needs tohave low latency and support reliable Multicast.•Distributed games: Networked multi-player games with unicast transmission exist but games using Multicast are in the development phase. The number ofplayers would typically be 10-30. Must have low latency and support reliableMulticast•Data/news feeds: This service broadcasts text information such as stock information and news headlines. Must of them support reliable Multicast and highscalability (possibly millions of users). Latency could be variable, users could paymore for less latency.2.2.3Non-Real-Time Services with Multimedia ContentThere may be the demand to re-transmit multimedia events. This is either because ofbandwidth limitations or simply because the consumers want to view the events later,at their leisure. Teleteaching sessions with pre-recorded material are also included inthis service scenario.By making use of non-real-time audio/video servers the multimedia data can bedownloaded at off-hours and presented later. This approach can be used if users donot want to view the material at download time or if the bandwidth available is nothigh enough for an on-line presentation.Similarly kiosks for dissemination of information can be part of such a servicescenario. A kiosk is typically a computer with a touch-screen placed in a secureenclosure at a public place. It enables consumers to have instant electronic access to information.2.2.4Non-Real-Time Services with Data-only ContentNearly all applications in this group of services require absolute reliability. Typicalapplication scenarios are:•Software Distribution or Database Replication: A large corporation may have hundreds of branches and Multicasting data decreases the time spent for thedistribution of software updates or for the replication of corporate databases.•´Push` Applications and ´Webcasting`: Push services are equivalent to subscription services and deliver the information automatically to theirsubscribers. Members of a certain group could for example get new informationof any kind as soon as it appears. Email is a typical push service. Push servicesshould be very scalable, up to millions of users.•Mirroring and/or caching of Web sites: This kind of service is used to bring the Web content closer to the user by using mirror servers. Multicast could be used todo the mirroring of Web sites in an efficient way.2.3Commercial Services2.3.1Overview of Multicast ServicesA new service that will take advantage of Multicast technology must be analysedthrough the following axis:•Benefit for the end user•Time advantage: ´my content is available more quickly`•Content advantage: ´my content in a continuous and constant quality mode`•Benefit for the content provider•Cost saving: links and servers are less expensive•The quality of service is better for the customer•Customers stay longer on a site (loyalty)•The information sent is the same for everyone at the same time (community for example)End users and providers will need to have a benefit in order for the technology to beimplemented.For the residential users Multicast services can be seen in the followings areas:•Services that will only replace the use of already existing broadcast solutions: This is the usual case where radio networks are broadcast over the network.•The association between personalization of content and push technology. For example data broadcasting can be foreseen in the field of。
【优选】四年级上册英语同步拓展：M4综合复习及检测讲义牛津上海版（一起）
【优选】四年级上册英语同步拓展：M4综合复习及检测讲义⽜津上海版（⼀起）学员姓名：学科教师：年级：辅导科⽬：英语授课⽇期时间主题M4重点词汇句型语法复习学习⽬标 1.复习M4重点词汇；2.复习祈使句的否定形式，Wh-疑问句；3.在阅读中积累词汇短语及句型并提升阅读速度。
教学内容1、上次课后巩固作业复习；2、互动探索观看《疯狂动物城》这部电影，然后数数电影当中⼀共出现多少种动物，然后查查字典找出动物们的英语都怎么说？然后选择其中⼀种动物进⾏简单的描述，并填写到下⾯的表框⾥。
教学建议：由于此部分是复习课，建议⽼师采取优先选择的⽅式让学⽣各⾃负责⼀个知识点进⾏讲解，其他学⽣进⾏提问。
⽼师在过程中进⾏补充和总结。
【知识梳理1】Unit 1:1. 单词⼤闯关_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________农场n.______ 垃圾箱n.______ ⾕物n._______ 奶⽜n._____ ⼲草n.______ ⾁n.________ ⽯头n._______喂v.________ 采摘v._______ 摆动v._______2．词组和短语⼤闯关摘花__________ 养鸡场_____________ 扔垃圾______________骑马____________ ⼀些⼲草______________ 不要再草坪上⾛！_______________3．语法点⼤闯关1) 祈使句的否定句：Don’t...2) 不定量代词：some的⽤法3）Wh-questions：What do/does…like eating?【巩固练习】Read, choose and complete(读⼀读，选词填空完成句⼦)Close rubbish sorry Don’tfeed walk pick OK1.Miss Fang: Don’t _______ on the grass, Danny!Danny: I’m _________, Miss Fang.Miss Fang: That’s all right.2.Miss Fang: _________ the gate, Peter.Peter: __________, Miss Fang.3.Miss Fang: ________ litter. Put the______ in the______ bin.Alice: I’m ___________, Miss Fang.4.Miss Fang: ____________ __________ the flowers.Kitty: OK, Miss Fang.5.Miss Fang: Don't _____ the birds.Jill: I’m sorry, Miss Fang.Keys: walk sorry; Close OK; Don't rubbish rubbish sorry; Don’t pick; feed【知识梳理2】Unit 2:1. 单词⼤闯关公园n.______ 喷泉n._______ ⽔塘n.________ 相机n.________睡觉v.______ 观看v.________ 在……旁边prep._______________ 2．词组和短语⼤闯关在鸟舍⾥______________ 在池塘⾥________________ 在公园散步____________ 拍⼀张照⽚_______________ 中国地图______________ 你准备好了吗？____________3．语法点⼤闯关1) Wh-question: What’s ... in....? There is/ are...2) 祈使句：Don’t... ; Let’s ...; Look at...3) 介词⽤法：in, on ,under【巩固练习】Plant house cap camera aviary pond1.--- Do you have a ______, Alice?---Yes. Let’s take a photo here.2.--- This is a photo of Jill. Look! She is in the _________. She can see many birds. They are lovely.3.It is a hot summer day, Mr Zhang is at the beach. He has a______________.4.There are some fishes, frogs and ducks in the __________. Tom likes those beautiful fish very much.5.--- Where is Peter?--- He is in the______ ________. There are many beautiful flowers and plant in it.Keys: camera; aviary; cap; pond; plant house【知识梳理3】Unit 3:1.单词⼤闯关天⽓n.__________ 有阳光的adj.________ 多云的adj._________ 潮湿的adj.__________ 2．词组⼤闯关最好的祝愿____________ 打电话_____________ 收到⼀份电⼦邮件_______________3．语法点⼤闯关1）表⽰天⽓情况的形容词⽤法：windy, rainy, ...2）⽉份的⽤法3）表⽰天⽓的句型：It’s ...4）询问天⽓的句型及其回答【巩固练习】Think , draw and talk (想⼀想，画⼀画，说⼀说)Which season do you like?How’s the weather?I like spring/ summer/ autumn/ winter.In spring/ summer/ autumn/ winter, it’s ………(此部分建议时间为25分钟，包括15分钟学⽣练习的时间，以及10分钟学⽣⾃⾏沟通答案以及⽼师讲解的时间。
同达插班生英语课堂板书(二)
强化班第二天课堂板书作业：1. 完成Test 14/152. 板书--整理1、2天3. 背诵分频手册：11.3日前List 5-8；11.10日前list 9-12 21. Since he often travels ______business, he can accustom himself to sleeping in any place he can find.A. forB. onC. inD. with22. Jim likes traveling very much and has decided to ______ promoting.A. go back onB. go through withC. go in forD. go along with23. Jobs in newspaper journalism are harder to ______, because there are few of them and many newspapers look for experienced people.A. come downB. come byC. come acrossD. come out24. We have ______ much time and energy for our great invention.A. confirmedB. continuedC. consumedD. paidconsumeassume//underlying assumptionpresume //presumptuousresume /renew25. The reason that he doesn’t want to help me is that he doesn’t want to be ______.A. inclinedB. linkedC. includedD. involved26. They will just have to ______ the arrangements if they can’t find enough money for it.A. write offB. write inC. write downD. write back27. In my opinion, a good teacher should _______ students to ask more questions.A. encourageB. protectC. recallD. prevent简单的事情重复做你会成为专家；重复的事情认真做你会成为赢家；en/em-en courage ---courage //courageous /brave/bold ----dis courageen lighten ---lighten compass ---compassen title ----title ---author ize //poweren list --- listen act ---acten rich ---rich en large---- large en able ---- ableen roll ---- rollen danger ---danger en close ----closeen joy ---joyem body ---body em brace ---- brace em bed --- bedem power --- power-en:wid en ---wide /scope /horizon sharp en --- sharpbroad en ---- broadstrength en --- strength length en --- length weak en --- weakless en --- less ----lesson deep en --- deep frighten --- fright tight en ----tight threaten --- threat28. China has declared her intention never to be the first to use nuclear weapons and has ______ the nuclear powers to make similar declarations.A. called onB. called inC. called forD. called atcall on sb.call for sth.29. I was looking for a ______ job so that I could save up some money to go traveling.A. temporaryB. currentC. contemporaryD. present临时的，暂时的：temporarytentative //attention/attentiv e provisionalprovide –provision --- provi dent /improvidentto enhance the public transit service trans it ional tran si ent transitory contingent interimimpermanent30. If you want to see the c hairman of the department, you’d better make an ______ with his secretary first.A. admissionB. agree mentC. ap point mentD. Alphabetic sequence-icalChronology/ical sequence /orderchronicchronological31. The food and drinks ______ around eleven o’clock.A. give backB. give offC. give inD. give out32. I’d like to ______ a special seat for the concert of October 12.A. preserveB. reserveC. serveD. Conserveto preserve :peace/living standard /old buildings/food/environmentto conserve:energy/environment/forests/buildingsto reserve:table/room/oil reserve/ the reserved lane for busconserve --- conservation /ivepreserve --- preservationreserve ---- reservationimplement ation33. By the age of thirty-five she had ______ her ambition of becoming the champion in wrestling.A. reachedB. completedC. achievedD. obtained achieve /mentaccompl ish ///ac/complete/fin ishfulfill ment34. ______ will China be the first to use nuclear weapons.A. At no timeB. In no timeC. All the timeD. At all times35. A good friend is one who will ______ you when you are in trouble.A. stand forB. stand byC. stand up to/forD. stand down36. After much persuasion the little boy ______ that he had broken the window.A. confessedB. admittedC. acknowledgedD. ConfusedSin/crime37. It was only when the train had ______ that she left the station for home.A. separatedB. de scendedC. de signedD. Departeda scend/descend /transcend38. Professor Smith has not ______ yet, and I doubt whether he will come to our English evening.A. turned outB. turned inC. turned upD. turned away39. The strike has been on for ten months; ______ there is a severe decline in production.A. accordinglyB. subsequentlyC. consequentlyD. Frequentlysequenceand so on /go on40. The professor can hardly find ______ grounds on which to base his argument in favor of the new theory.A. efficientB. sufficientC. effectiveD. Durableadequate /sufficient41. The situation in the war is so complex that no one can predict its ______.A. sequenceB. eventC. procedureD. Outcome42. The ______ that the world was round had been conceived centuries before.A. motionB. notionC. emotionD. devotion43. She says the new film is a (n) ______ picture so she won’t go to see it with us.A. humorousB. funnyC. interestingD. Dullboring //tedious //dull //null /fullinterestinteresteddisinterested44. Tom had to ______ in the middle of his speech because he forgot his words.A. break downB. break offC. break outD. break up45. China is a(n) ______ great power though she is still backward in many respects.A. remoteB. curiousC. efficientD. Potentialpotentiality //46. The judge ______ the murderer to thirty years in prison.A. requiredB. orderedC. indicatedD. sentencedCondemnConvict /conviction47. The fact is that I just cannot ______ the dreadful fever.A. get out ofB. get rid ofC. get down toD. get through enhancepublicenableseveredreadful48. The population ______will be so great that men will fight for standing room in the future.A. densityB. tensionC. crisisD. danger-ity:1. ability2. quality3. quantity4. personality5. nationality6. university //universe/diverse7. gravity8. commodity9. curiosity10. prosperity11. ambiguity12. reality 13. superiority14. equality15. generosity16. identity //stalk17. originality ///origin /original /ity18. complexity ///complex19. Sensibility//sensible20. creativity21. productivity22. punctuality //punctual23. popularity24. similarity25. purity26. rapidity27.Profund ity//severely/profou ndly28. fragility //fragile29. capacity30. Morality//moral31. mor t ality //immortal32. inferiority /inferior to33. loyalty //34. royalty//35. Specialty//special36. obscurity //obscure /cure37. celebrity38. Casualty//casual 39. charity40. Clarity//clarify41. community42. density43. dignity44. disparity45. entity46. penalty47. faculty48. humanity49. humidity50. integrity //integrate /integration //integral51. obesity52. potentiality53. toxicity54. Agility/agile49. This factory has _______ a great deal since our last visit.A. appearedB. alteredC. approachedD. Admired unalterably /alterationalteralert ...to ....50. It took almost one year for the cut on my hand to ______ completely.A. curedB. healedC. treatedD. Recoveredincurable di s easeadjust oneself to...form ---transform---transformationtransformative51. We have ______ for a new sales manager, but we haven’t had any replies yet.A. advertisedB. advisedC. announcedD. Advanced advisable52. Ted has told me that he always ______ being fined as he has got a very fast sports car. //A. r.u00ns for B. enjoys C. escapes D. estimates 53. A real poet is a master of words and can ______ his meaning in words which sing like music and move men to tears.A. conveyB. interpretC. explainD. Transfer54. There is always excitement at the Olympic Games when a ______record is surpassed.A. previousB. preciousC. valuableD. Primitive55. It was because it raised many difficult questions that the book took a long time to______.A. come outB. come upC. come toD. come by56. I ______ you that I had no intention of offending you.A. convinceB. guaranteeC. persuadeD. Assuresure --- assure sb of sth /assure sb thatreassure --- reassurance ///assuranceensureinsure ///insurance companyunderwritecertainascertaincertainty //penalty57. By the time children are six or seven years old, their view of the world has been ______ by their surroundings and by their parents as well as their own experiences.A. indicatedB. conveyedC. expressedD. Shaped58. He is narrow minded and always _______ what other people have.A. begsB. owesC. missesD. EnviesEnvy ---envious //jealousadverse //adversity /diversitydreadfulsevereunfavorable59. Due to unfavorable conditions, the launch has been postponed ______.A. temporarilyB. eventuallyC. radicallyD. Superficially radical ---eradicatedrasticsuperf i cial ---- face /f a cial tissuesuperfluoussuperlativesupreme60. Mike has never done anything against law, even for such a minor ______ as breaking a window of his neighbors.A. errorB. crimeC. sinD. Offenseoffense //offensive61. Profit sharing is a(n) ______ for every employee in the company.A. motiveB. incentiveC. aimD. Destinationignore --ignoranceneglect62. I quenched my ______ with a large glass of beer.A. hungerB. desireC. thirstD. Throat63. Reading is not a kind of relaxation for me but a (n) ______ for my feelings.A. outingB. outletC. outputD. Outset64. He was a (n) ______husband and would not let his wife dance with anyone else.A. greedyB. jealousC. idealD. Deliberate deliberate fire ///intentionalon/upon/overhave no intention of doingbe intent on65. The little girl always wants to be the ______ of attention.A. fixationB. middleC. forecastD. Focus66. Christmas and Easter are two ______ of the Christian church.A. dinnersB. festivalsC. banquetsD. Fables grand //grant //grindfabulous67. When the little girl woke up from her terrible dream, the frightened girl tried to ______ her mother’s arm.A. grantB. grindC. gripD. Greet68. The cherry trees are in ______ in April.A. bloomB. blouseC. blowD. Blast69. The true reason why Mary went fishing is as ______as glass she didn’t want to clean the house.A. tranquilB. smoothC. apparentD. Transparent Obvious //apparent //evident //conspicuous //transparent //transparency70. The thief was ______ by the police at the railway station.A. overcomeB. minedC. capturedD. Mounted capture ---captive ---captivate //fascinateGreat convenience fascinates a multitude of consumers to purchase commodities.ensue //ensureensue fromSevere quarrel ensued from their misunderstanding.mirrorchokeEnergy crisis severely chokes the economic growth.enhanceprofoundly ///profundityvery ---badly //extremely //strikingly /remarkably /prohibitively expensiveconsequentlydeparturecomposure71. Standing on the seashore, we could just see the ship on the ______.A. distanceB. visionC. horizonD. ViewVision --- envision /envisage72. Even as a child Tom showed an inclination to ______ the other children.A. dominateB. ruleC. governD. Inspect73. In fact, there is no ______ liberty in any country.A. adequateB. absoluteC. personalD. practical74. We ______ our journey after a short rest.A. cancelledB. interruptedC. renewedD. resumed resumptioncancel plan /write offbreak offcancellationre-refund ---fund refresh ----fresh revive recognize remove restoreNon-acceptance of the public to the new flavor brought about the prompt restoration of the classic cola, which ..../.recon structre gressre novatere sistrejectremitre tractre vokere signre vertre lievere treatre tirere solvere press re cedereferre newre coverre trievere nounce resume repressre strict //tighten re strainre sidere vamp Refrain fromre curre spirere pelre tainrecall75. A person doesn’t always ______ his human form or qualities.A. remainB. retainC. resignD. retail76. No sooner had we reached this ______ than they agreed to do it.A. summaryB. conclusionC. resultD. Conjunction77. This magazine consists mainly of ______ of new books and plays.A. adviceB. commentsC. collectionsD. ReviewsIf it had not been .....,It is his carelessness /negligence that leads to the tragedy.78. Had it not been for the timely investment from the general public, our company would not be so ______ as it is.A. thrivingB. properC. excitingD. Potentialpro s perity79. Poor people can’t always live in ______ conditions.A. accentB. decentC. recentD. dense80. The sports meeting has been ______ because of the bad weather.A. abolishedB. abandonedC. conceale dD. cancelled81. He studied hard and later became a scientist, which was that his mother had ______.A. expectedB. inspectedC. respectedD. Assignedexpect ---expectancy //expectationinspect--inspectionre spect ----respectable joba spect ---prospect ---prospect ive clientsa bleak prospectBriskper spectiveretro spectintrospectoccurrecurconcurexcursion82. These excursions will give you an even deeper ______ into our language and culture.A. inquiryB. investigationC. inputD. insight83. You may refer to your dictionary ______ difficulty.A. in the case ofB. in case ofC. in any caseD. in no case84. There is too noisy outside that I can’t ______my attention on my work.A. connectB. distressC. payD. Concentrate简单的事情重复做你会成为专家；重复的事情认真做你会成为赢家。
外研一起小学英语四册阅读材料英汉对照四线手写版
【Reading for pleasure】The Three Little Pigs 【阅读为了快乐】（那）三只小猪What are you doing, little Brother?什么是你在做，小弟弟？【你在做什么，小弟弟？】I’m making a house with sticks.我（是）在造一所房子，用树枝。
Sticks? Sticks aren’t good!树枝？树枝不好！What are you doing, Brother?什么是你在做，弟弟？【你在做什么，弟弟？】I’m making a house with leaves.我（是）在造一所房子，用树叶。
Leaves? Leaves are not good, Brother.树叶？树叶是不好的，弟弟。
Are you tired, Big Brother?你累吗，大哥哥？Yes, I am. I’m makin g my house with bricks. 是，我是。
我（是）在造我的房子，用砖块。
Bricks are very good.砖块是非常好的。
Here is a wolf. The wolf likes pigs.这儿有一只狼。
（那）狼喜欢猪。
He likes pigs for dinner.他喜欢猪作大餐。
The wolf goes to the house of sticks.（那）狼走到那所房子，用树枝做的。
He blows the house down. Help! Help!他吹（那）房子倒下了。
救命！救命！Then he goes to the house of leaves.然后他走到那所房子，用树叶做的。
He blows the house down. Help! Help!他吹（那）房子倒下了。
救命！救命！Then he goes to the house of bricks.然后他走到那所房子，用砖块做的。
同达插班生
人，有时候，你不狠狠地逼自己一下，你不会发现你原来是多么优秀！插班生英语同根词记忆（一）同根词记忆Smart 词汇记忆组群1Task I 评分标准一、评分原则：1．本题满分为10分。
2．评分时，先根据文章的内容和语言初步确定其所属档次，然后以该档次的要求来衡量、确定或调整本档次，最后给分。
3．词数少于80或多于120的，从总分中减去2分。
4．如书写较差，以致影响阅卷，将分数降低一个档次。
二、各档次的给分范围和要求：第四档：8-10分完全符合写作格式的要求，覆盖所有内容要点，表达思想清楚，文字通顺，连贯性很好，基本上无词汇和语法错误。
第三档：6-7分基本符合写作格式的要求，有个别地方表达思想不够清楚，文字基本通顺、连贯，有少量词汇和语法错误。
第二档：3-5分未恰当完成写作格式的要求，漏掉内容要点，表达思想不清楚，文字多处出现词汇和语法错误，影响了对写作内容的理解。
第一档：1-2分未完成写作格式的要求，明显遗漏主要内容，表达思想紊乱，有较多词汇和语法的重大错误，未能将信息传达给读者。
0分白卷；作文与题目毫不相关；内容太少，无法评判；所写内容无法看清。
indeed ad. 真正地deed n. 行为，行动；功绩；契约相关单词act vi. 行为，做；起作用n. 行为ag,act=to act(行动)agency n. 代理；代理处agent n. 代理人，代理商agony n. 极度痛苦action n. 行动；作用active a. 活跃的，积极的；在活动中的activity n. 活动，活跃；行动actor n. 男演员actress n. 女演员actual a. 实际的，事实的actually ad. 实际上；竟然react vi. 起作用，反应；反对，起反作用；起化学反应reaction n. (to)反应；反作用exact a. 确切的，精确的exactly ad. 确切地；恰恰正是，确实interaction n. 相互作用，相互影响inter=between,amonginterfere vi. 干涉，介入；阻碍，干扰interference n. 干涉，介入；阻碍，干扰interior a. 内部的；内地的，国内的n. 内部；内地intermediate a. 中间的；中级的n. 中间体，媒介物interpret vt. 解释，说明vi. 口译，翻译interpretation n. 解释，口译interpreter n. 译员，口译者interview n./v. 接见，会见；面谈，面试interval n. 间隔，间距；（幕间）休息internal a. 内的，内部的；国内的，内政的相关单词external a. 外部的，外面的ex-=fully,outexterior a. 外部的，外面的n. 外部explain v. 解释，说明example n. 例子；榜样，模范形近单词sample vt. 抽样，取样Smart词汇记忆组群2block n.街区；木块；障碍物；vt.堵塞，拦阻barrier n.屏障；障碍bar=bar(横木)embarrass vt.使窘迫，使为难bar n.酒吧间，售酒的柜台；条，杆；栅，栏；vt.阻止，阻拦barrel n.桶，筒与“容器”相关的单词basin n.盆，洗脸盆；盆地bucket n.水桶，桶drum n.鼓状的桶；鼓pail n.桶，提桶tub n.桶，盆，浴盆jar n.罐子，坛子，广口瓶kettle n.水壶pot n.壶，罐can n.罐头，听头tin n.锡；罐头container n.容器，集装箱tain,ten,tin=to hold,to keep(保持)content n.内容，目录；容量content a.满意的，满足的；vt.使满意，是满足continual a.不停的，频频的continue vt.继续，延伸continuous a.连续不断的，持续的contain vt.包含，容纳attain v.(尤指经过努力)达到，获得entertain vt.招待；是欢乐entertainment n.娱乐fountain n.喷泉maintain vt.维持，保持；赡养，负担；维修，保养；坚持，主张maintenance n.维持，保持；维修，保持obtain vt.获得，得到sustain vt.保持，使......持续不息；供养，维持（生命等）；支持rentain vt.保持，保留形近单词remain vi.剩下；留待；依然是remains n.残余，剩余；遗迹main a.主要的，总的mainly ad.主要地，大体上Smart词汇记忆组群3bio=life(生命)biography n.传记biology n.生物学；生态学log=to speak(说话)catalog(ue) n.目录（册）；vt.将（书籍，资料等）编入目录dialog(ue) n.对话，对白logical a.逻辑上的，符合逻辑的apology n.道歉，认错，谢罪apologize vi.道歉，认错psychological a.心理的，心理学的technology n.工艺，技术techn(o)=art(技艺),skill(技术)technical a.技术的，工艺的technician n.技术员，技师technique n.技术；技艺相关单词science n.科学，科学研究sci=to know(知道)scientific a.科学（上）的scientist n.（自然）科学家；确实，实在unconscious a.不省人事的；未意识到的consciousness n.意识，觉悟conscience n.良心，道德心conscious a.意识到的；有意的；神智清醒的相关单词aware a.知道的，意识到的recognize vt.认识，认出；承认recognition n.认出，识别；承认realize vt.认识到；实现reality n.现实；真实（性）identify vt.认出，识别；（with）把...视为相同，认为...等同于indentical a.（to,with）完全相同的相关单词equal a.（to）相等的；平等的；胜任的n.（地位）相等的人，事物vt.等于，相等；比得上equ=equal(相等)equality n.平等，同等equation n.(with)相等，均衡；方程式，等式equivalent a.相等的，相当的n.相等物，等价物Smart词汇记忆组群4fare=to go(走)welfare n.幸福，福利farewell int.再会n.告别fare n.（车，船）费用，票价相关单词charge vt.费用，价钱；控告，指控；充电v.索价，要...支付；控告，指控；充电car,char=car(车)，to run(跑)discharge vt.允许...离开，释放；排出，放出n.获准离开，释放；排出career n.生涯，职业，经历cargo n.船货，货物carry vt.携带，运载；传递，传输carriage n.四轮马车；（火车）客车厢carrier n.运载工具与“运输工具”相关的单词traffic n.交通，通行；交通量cart n.二轮运货马车coach n.长途公共汽车lorry n.运货汽车，卡车tram n.（有轨）电车van n.大篷车，运货车wagon n.四轮运货马车ambulance n.救护车；野战医院vehicle n.传播媒介，手段；（航天）运载工具；交通工具auto n.（口语）汽车auto-=selfautomatic a.自动的automation n.自动，自动化automobile n.汽车，机动车与“汽车”相关的单词brake vi.刹车，（车）被刹住n.闸，刹车tyre(tire) n.轮胎，车胎wheel n.轮，车轮garage n.车库ride n./v.（乘）车，骑（马）rider n.骑马的人；乘车的人drive vt.驾驶，开动；打人；驱，赶；迫使，驱使vi.驾驶，开车n.驾驶，驱车旅行steer v.驾驶Smart词汇记忆组群5foreigner n.外国人foreign a.对外的；无关的相关单词local a.地方的；局部的domestic a.本国的；家庭的；驯养的native a.出生地的；本土的，本国的n.本地人，本国人nat=born(出生，天生)nature n.大自然；天性，性质natural a.自然的，正常的；出于本性的，天赋的；自然界的，天然的naturally ad.当然，自然地；天然地，天生地nation n.民族；国家national a.民族的；国家的，全国的international a.国际的，世界（性）的nationality n.国籍；民族，族相关单词world n.世界；世人；世间world-wide a.遍及全球的globe n.地球，世界；地界仪第二节 Smart词汇记忆组群altitude n.高度，海拔形近单词attitude n.态度，看法；姿势gratitude a.感激，感谢grat,grac,gree=to please(喜好)grateful a.感激的，感谢的agree vi.同意，赞同；相符，一致；（气候，食物等）相宜vt.同意，承认agreement n.协定，协议；同意disagree vi.有分歧；不一致congratulate v.祝贺，向...道喜congratulation n.祝贺；祝贺词grace n.优美，文雅；恩惠，恩赐graceful a.有礼貌的；仁慈的gracious a.有礼貌的；仁慈的polite a.有礼貌的；有教养的与“友好”相关的单词friendly a.友好的friendship n.友谊friend n.朋友相关单词kindness n.仁慈，好意mercy n.仁慈，宽恕，怜悯pity n.怜悯；遗憾vt.同情，惋惜enthusiasm n.热情，热诚enthusiastic a.热情的，热心的zeal n.热情，热诚zealous n.热心的，热情的goodness n.善良merit n.优点，价值v.值得，应得virtue n.优点，长处；美德moral a.道德的；合乎道德的形近单词humor n.幽默，诙谐humorous a.富于幽默的，诙谐的Smart词汇记忆组群7crazy a.疯狂的，荒唐的；狂热爱好者，着迷的mad a.发疯的；恼火的，狂怒的；狂热的，着迷的相关单词angry a.愤怒的，生气的ang,anxi=to strangle(勒死；窒息)anger n.发怒vt.激怒anxious a.忧虑的；渴望的anxiety n.焦虑，忧虑；渴望相关单词hunger n.饿，饥饿；渴望与“饥渴”相关的单词hungry a.饥饿的；渴望的thirsty a.渴的；渴望的，渴求的famine n.饥荒starve v.挨饿，使饿死形近单词carve vt.(雕)刻，把...切碎chop v.砍，劈，斩n.排骨，肉块slit vt.切开，撕开n.裂缝，狭长的口子slice n.薄片，切片；一份，部分vt.切（片）Smart词汇记忆组群8log n.原木，木料lumber n.木材，木料timber n.木材，木料carpenter n.木匠，木工butcher n.屠夫，屠杀者barber n.理发师与“理发，毛发”相关的单词comb v.梳理（头发）；彻底搜查n.梳子razor n.剃刀blade n.刀刃，刀片；叶片shampoo vt.洗(发)n.洗发膏shave vi.修面vt.剃，刮n.刮脸haircut n.理发beard n.胡须frown vi.皱眉brow n.眉，眉毛bristle n.短而硬的毛，鬃毛feather n.羽毛；翎毛；羽状物leather n.皮革；皮革制品fur n.软毛；皮毛，裘皮Smart词汇记忆组群9bond=to bind(捆绑)bond n.联结，联系；公债，债券形近单词bound a.一定的，必然的；受约束的，有义务的；准备到...去的，开往...的v.跳；限制，束缚boundary n.分界线，边界相关单词border v.边，边缘；边界，边境frontier n.边境，边界；边疆；新领域fac,fic,front=face(面部，正面)，forehead(前额)front a.前面的，正面的n.前面，正面；前线，战线face n.脸，面孔；表面，外表superficial a.表面的，肤浅的surface n.表面，外表preface n.序言，前言pre-=before(在...之前)precaution n.预防，预备prejudice n.偏见，成见prevail vi.占优势，获胜；流行Smart词汇记忆组群10junior a.年少的；地位较低的n.晚辈形近单词senior a.年长的；地位较高的n.长辈superior a.较高的，优越的；上级的n.上级，长官prior a.在前的，优先的相关单词foremost a.最初的；第一流的ad.首先，最重要的形近单词therefore ad.因此，所以forecast n./v.预测，预报forehead n.额头，前部head=head(头)head n.头，头部；顶部，前端；首脑，领导v.主管，率领；居...之首；朝特定方向行进ad.迎面地（作状语）heading n.标题，题词headline n.大字标题，［pl.］新闻提要headquarters n.司令部，指挥部；总部headache n.头痛；令人头痛的事与“伤痛”相关的单词ache vi.痛，疼痛n.疼痛pain n.疼痛；（精神上的）痛苦；［pl.］努力，辛苦painful a.疼痛的sore a.疼痛的；令人痛心的n.痛处，伤口bruise n.青肿，伤痕；擦伤burn v.燃烧，点燃n.烧伤，灼伤Smart词汇记忆组群11cast=to throw(投掷)cast vt.投，扔，抛；浇铸broadcast n./v.广播，播音形近单词broad a.宽的，阔的；广泛的abroad ad.（在）国外；传开aboard ad./prep.在船（车）上，上船board v.上（船、车等）n.板，木板；委员会，董事会；（包饭的）伙食cupboard n.碗柜，碗碟橱；食橱keyboard n.键盘blackboard n.黑板black a.黑色的与“颜色”相关的单词color n.颜色，彩色；颜料brown n.褐色，棕色cream n.奶油色；奶油，乳酪dark a.暗的；黑色的golden a.金色的；极好的gold n.黄金a.金制的gray a.灰色的n.灰色pale a.苍白的；浅的pink n.粉红色a.粉红色的purple n.紫色a.紫的tan n.棕褐色a.棕黄色的white a.白的n.白色whitewash vt.粉刷n.粉刷水green a.绿色的n.绿色同根单词greenhouse n.温室，玻璃暖房house n.房子，住宅vt.为...提供住处；存放，收藏household n.家庭，户，全家人a.家庭的housewife n.家庭主妇Smart 词汇记忆组群12abridge v.缩短，简写brief a.简短的，短暂的vt.向...作简要的介绍形近单词：thief n.窃贼，偷窃犯chief a.主要的，首要的n.首领，领袖handkerchief n.手帕hand=hand(手)handful n.一把，一小撮handle n.柄，把手vt.拿，触，摸；操作；处理，应付handwriting n.笔迹，手迹handy a.手边的，附近的；方便的hand n.手；人手，雇员；指针vt.交，递，给相关单词foot n.脚，足；最下部，底部；英尺football n.足球与“球”相关的单词soccer n.英式足球ball n.球，球状物；舞会balloon n.气球，玩具气球volleyball n.排球badminton n.羽毛球cricket n.板球；蟋蟀golf n.高尔夫球racket n.球拍Smart 词汇记忆组群13happen vi.发生；碰巧，恰好sudden a.突然的，意外的suddenly ad.突然地相关单词accident n.以外的事；事故cad,cid,cas=to fall(落下)accidental a.偶然发生的，意外的casual a.偶然的；随便的occasion n.场合，时刻；时机occasional a.间或发生的，偶尔的occasionally ad.偶尔地incident n.发生的事；事件相关单词case n.情况，状况；事实；实例；案例，病例；盒子，箱子形近单词staircase n.楼梯相关单词stair n.楼梯downstairs ad.在楼下a.楼下的upstairs ad.在楼上a.楼上的up-=up,aloftup ad.向上；起床，起来；变大（高，多...）；...完，...光；封闭prep.向（高处）；向...的上游upright a.竖直的，直立的ad.竖立着n.柱子，直立的支撑物upward a.向上的，上升的ad.向上，上升-ward(s)形容（副）词词尾，表示“方向”upwards ad.向上；向上游；在上部forward vt.促进；转交a.向前的，进步的ad.进步inward a.里面的ad.向内toward(s) prep.向，对于；接近downward ad.向下地a.向下的afterward ad.后来，以后backward a.向后的，倒行的；落后的；迟钝的ad.向后，朝相反方向形近单词award n.奖，奖品v.授予，奖给reward n.报答，报偿；报酬，酬金vt.报答Smart 词汇记忆组群14back vt.使后退，使倒退；支持vi.倒退a.后面的ad.在后，向后；回原处，复原状；以前n.背，背面，后面feedback n.反馈，反应background n.背景，经历ground n.地，地面；场地；原因underground a.地下的；秘密的ad.在地下；秘密地n.地铁under-=under,beneathundergo vt.经历忍受undertaking n.任务，事业；许诺undertake vt.承担；答应；着手做under prep.在...下面；少于，低于；在...情况下，在...之中understand vt.理解，懂；了解，谅解；熟悉，听说vi.理解，懂得；表示同情，给予谅解misunderstand vt.误会，曲解understanding n.理解（力）；谅解a.了解的，通情达理的underline vt.划线于...之下同根单词outline n.轮廓；轧钢，纲要vt.勾画出轮廓；列提纲，概述pipeline n.管道，管线pipe v.用管道输送n.导管，管子；烟斗；笛子line n.线，绳；一行（字等）；航线，路线；队伍；轮廓；行业v.排队相关单词queue vi.排成长队n.行列，长队row n.（一）排，行；吵嚷，口角v.划船，荡桨；争吵series n.（单复数同）连续，一系列，一连串；一套丛书，电视连续剧chain vt.（用链条）栓住，束缚n.链条；[pl.]镣铐，束缚；一连串range n.范围，领域；射程；连续v.排成行；（在某范围内）变化batter n.一组（套）；电池（组）与“小机电产品”相关的单词disk n.唱片，磁带cassette n.盒式录音机tube n.管，电子管，显象管video a.录象的n.录象torch n.手电筒；火炬，火把bulb n.电灯泡；球状物形近单词bulk n.（巨大的）物体；容积，体积；大批；主体Smart 词汇记忆组群15exit n.出口；退场vi.退出，离去entrance n.入口，门口；进入，入学entry n.入口处，河口，通道；进入enter v.进入；参加；登记相关单词access n.（to）接近的机会；通道，入口cede,ceed,cess=to go(去)，to yield(让步)exceed vt.超过，胜过；越出exceedingly ad.极端地，非常excess n.超越，超过；过量，过剩a.过量的，额外的excessive a.过多的，极度的process n.过程，进程；工序，制作法，工艺vt.加工，处理procession n.加工，处理proceed vi.进行；继续下去preceding a.在前的，在先的success n.成功，胜利successful a.成功的succession n.连续，接续；继任，接替successive a.连续的，接连的succeed vi.成功；接着发生，继承继...之后，接替suc-;sub-=undersubmarine a.水底的，海底的n.潜水艇subway n.地道；底下地铁submerge v.浸没，淹没submit vt.递交，程送vi.屈服，听从substance n.物质；实质；要旨，基本内容；根据，理由substantial a.可观的，大量的；牢固的，结实的；实质的substitute n.代替品，代替者vi.（for）代替，取代suburb n.郊区，市郊subject n.主题，题目；科目，科学；主语a.（to）易遭...的，受...支配的vt.（to）使遭受，是服从ject,jac=to throw(投，掷)object n.事物，物体；目的；对象；宾语vi.（to）反对，不赞成objection n.（to）反对，异议objective a.客观的，无偏见的n.目标，目的project vi.伸出，突出vt.投射，放映；使伸出n.方案，计划；工程；项目injection n.注射，射入reject vt.拒绝，驳回；退回，舍弃相关单词deny vt.否认，不承认；拒绝给予，拒绝（某人的）要求refuse v.拒绝，谢绝fuse,found=to pour(倾，倒)refusal n.拒绝confusion n.混乱，混淆confuse vt.使混乱，混淆相关单词puzzle n.难题；谜vt.使迷惑riddle n.谜，谜语Smart 词汇记忆组群16joint n.接头，接洽处；关节a.接连的，联合的join vt.参加，加入；连接，联合相关单词participate vi.参与，参加ceive,cept,cip,cipate=to take(取)anticipate vt.预料，期望accept v.接受，领受；认可pcceptable a.可接受的，合意的acceptance n.接受，接纳；承认，认可concept n.概念，观念deceit n.欺骗，欺诈行为deceive vt.欺骗，蒙骗perceive vt.察觉，感知；认识到，意识到except prep.除...之外exception n.例外，除外reception n.接待处；招待会；接待；接收，接收效果receipt n.收到；收条，收据receive vt.收到，接到；遭受，受到；接待，接见receiver n.电话听筒；收音机，电视机相关单词fridge n.电冰箱refrigerator n.冰箱，冷藏库stove n.炉，火炉furnace n.炉子，熔炉；鼓风炉oven n.炉，灶；烘箱Smart 词汇记忆组群17part=part(部分)，to part(分开)partly ad.在一定程度上，部分地partial a.部分的，不完全的；（to）偏向一方的，偏心的partially ad.部分地particle n.微粒，颗粒；极小量partner n.伙伴，合伙人；搭档，配偶apart ad.相间隔；分开，分离apartment n.公寓，住宅depart vi.离开，出发department n.部，局，处，系departure n.离开，出发，启程particular a.特殊的，特别的；特定的，某一的；（过分）讲究的，挑剔的n.详情，细目particularly ad.特别，尤其，格外part n.一部分，部分；零件；角色，作用；（争论，交易等中的）一方v.（使）分开相关单词portion n.一部分proportional a.比例的，成比例的proportion n.比，比率；部分相关单词rate n.比率，速率；等级；价格；费用vt.评级，估价；列为classify vt.把...分类，把...分级classification n.分类，分级classical a.古典的，经典的Smart 词汇记忆组群18lens n.透镜，镜头focus v.（on）使聚集，集中于n.（pl.tocuses,foci）焦点相关单词concentrate v. 集中；聚集；浓缩vi.集中，专心centr=center(中心)concentration n.集中；专注；浓缩center n.中心vt.集中相关单词amongst prep.在...之中（=among）medium n.（pl.media）媒质，传导体；中间a.中等的middle n.中部a.中部的，中级的midst n.中间形近单词midnight n.午夜，子夜fortnight n.两星期，十四天overnight ad.一夜；突然over-=above,across,beyondover prep.在...的上方，在...的上面；越过，从一边至...的另一边；关于，在...方面；高于，超过；在...期间；遍布在...上面，扩展到...全部ad.倒下，翻转过来；从一边至另一边；全部地，从头到尾；再次地，重复地；过分地，太overcome vt.战胜，克服overhead a.在头顶上的，空架的ad.在头顶上overlook vt.眺望，俯瞰；没注意到；放任overseas ad.海外a.在海外的overtake vt.追上，赶上；压倒overtime a.超时的ad.超时地，加班同根单词time n.时间，时候，时刻；时机，机会；次，回；倍，乘；（pl.）时代，时期vt.为...安排时间，为...定时；测定...时间timetable n.时间表，时刻表lifetime n.一生，终身sometime ad.在某一时间sometimes ad.不时，有时springtime n.春季，春天meantime n.其间ad.当时mean a.自私的，吝啬的；平均的v.作...解释；意指；打算，意欲n.平均值meaning n.意义，意思；意图means n.方法，手段；财富，财产（谓语用复数）meanwhile ad.同时，当时worthwhile a.值得干的（作表语，定语或宾补）worth a.值得n.价值worthy a.有价值的，值得的；可尊敬的worthless a.无价值的，无用的与“价值”相关的单词cheap a.廉价的；卑鄙的，低劣的inexpensive a.花费不多的，廉价的expense n.花费，消费，费用；（pl.）开支，业务费用cost n.价格，成本，费用；代价，损失vt.价钱为，（使）花费；使付出（代价），丧失costly a.昂贵的，价值高的costless a.无价的，珍贵的price v.标价n.价格，代价luxury n.奢侈，奢华；奢侈品valuable a.值钱的，有价值的n.（pl.）贵重物品（指首饰）val=strong(强壮的)，worth(价值)valuable n.（pl.）贵重物品（指首饰）a.贵重的，宝贵的invaluable a.无价的value vt.评价，给...估价；评价，尊重，重视n.价值，价格；有用性，重要性evaluate vt.评价，估...的价相关单词estimate vt.估计，估量，评价n.估计；评价，看法Smart 词汇记忆组群19tribut=to pay(付),to bestow(赠与)contribute v.捐献，捐助；（to）有助于，促成；投稿distribution n.分发，分配；分布distribute vt.分发，分送；分布，分散相关单词spread n.传播，蔓延v.伸开，展开；散布，蔓延；涂，敷filter vt.过滤vi.（消息等）走漏，慢慢传开；透（过）n.过滤嘴scatter vt.撒，散播；使散开，驱散vi.分散circulate v.（使）流传，散布，传播；（使）循环，（使）流通插班生英语同根词记忆（二）circ,cyc=ring(环)cycle n.自行车，循环circle n.圆，圆周；圈子circular a.圆的；循环的circus n.马戏团，圆形竞技场circuit n.环行，巡回；电路，线路circumference n.圆周，周长，周围circum-=around,round aboutcircumstance n.（pl.）情况，境况相关单词environment n.环境，外界surroundings n.（pl.）周围的事物，环境round a.圆的，球形的；整整的，用整数表示的n.（一）回合，（一）局，（一）圈；巡视，循环ad.在附近；朝反方向prep. 围绕，绕过；向...各处；在...附近；大约v.环绕...而行；（使）成圆形surround vt.包围；环绕，围绕super-=above,over(变化型)sur-super a.极好的，超级的supermarket n.超级市场surname n.姓同根单词namely ad.即，也就是name n.名字，名誉vt.给...取名，为...定名；说出；提名；说出...的名字，列举与“名气”相关的单词fame n.名声，名望famous a.著名的well-known a.众所周知的，出名的know vt.知道，了解；熟悉，认识；通晓，会vi.知道，了解，懂得knowledge n.知识，熟悉，了解acquaintance n.认识，了解；熟人acquaint vt.使了解，使认识ignore vt.不顾，忽视ignorant a.无知的，愚昧的；（of）不知道的Smart 词汇记忆组群20sult=to leap(跳)insult vt.侮辱，凌辱consult vt.请教，与...商量；查阅（词典，书籍等）vi.（with）商量，商议result n.成果，结果，成绩vi.（in）导致，结果是；（from）起因于，因...而造成相关单词conclusion n.结论，推论；结尾；缔结，议定clud,clos=to shut(关闭)conclude vt.推断出，推论出；结束；缔结，议定vi.结束，终了exclude vt.把...排除在外，排斥exclusively ad.专门地，排除其他include vt.包括，包含exclude v.排除enclose vt.（用篱笆等）围住，圈起；（随函）封入close v.关，闭；结束n.结束，终止a.接近的；亲密的；严密的ad.接近地，亲密地disclose vt.揭露，透露相关单词leak vi.漏；泄露（消息等）n.泄露；漏洞，漏隙betray vt.泄露，流露；背叛，出卖reveal vt.揭示，揭露；展现，显示uncover vt.揭开，揭露cover=to cover(掩盖)discover vt.发现discovery n.发现；被发现的事物cover n.盖子，套子，（书的）封面vt.盖，覆盖；包括，涉及recovery n.收回，复得；痊愈，恢复recover vt.重新获得，重新找到；收回，挽回vi.恢复，痊愈相关单词refresh v.（使）恢复精力renew v.（使）更新，恢复；续借（图书），延长（合同）Smart 词汇记忆组群21cur,course=to run(流，跑)current n.（空气，水等的）流，潮流，流速；电流；趋势，趋向a.当前的，现时的；通用的，流行的；流通的occur vi.发生，出现，存在；（to）被想起，被想到occurence n.发生的事情，事件；发生，出现course n.课程，教程；过程，进程；一道菜excursion n.远足，短途旅行，（集体）游览相关单词travel n.旅行vi.旅行，行进，被传播tour n./vi.旅行，游历journey n.旅行，旅程vi.旅行journ=day(一日)journalist n.记者，新闻工作者journal n.日报，杂志；日记相关单词diary n.日记，日记簿dairy n.牛奶场，乳品店；乳制品daily a./ad.每日的（地）n.日报相关单词routine n.例行公事a.日常的，常规的route n.路，路线，路程road n.道路highway n.公路，大路way n.路，道路；习惯，作风；方式，方法；路线；距离sideways ad.斜着，斜向一边地Smart 词汇记忆组群22med,mend=to heal(治疗)medical a.医学的；内科的medicine n.内服药；医学mend vt.修理，修补remedy n.治疗措施，补救方法；药品vt.纠正，补救；治疗，医治相关单词heal vt.治愈；使和解cure v.治愈，治好；改正，消除n.治愈，治疗；药cure=to take care(注意，留心)accurate a.准确的，正确无误的accuracy n.准确（性），精确（性）curious a.好奇的curiosity n.好奇心security n.安全secure a.安全的，可靠的；放心的vt.得到，获得；使安全，保卫相关单词get vi.变成，变得；达到；被，受；开始，逐渐vt.获得，弄到；受到，收到；使得，把...弄得；（去）拿来；了解，明白；感染上，得（病）make vt.做，制造，建造；作出，制定，产生；使，使得；获得，挣得；总计，等于；成为，使成为；准备，整理；认为，估计gain v.获得，博得；增加；（钟、表）走快n.增加，增进；（pl.）好处，收益，利润earn vt.获得，得到；增加vi.获益，改进；增加，取得进展；（钟表）快于正确时间earnings n.工资，收入相关单词income n.收入，收益wage n.（pl.）工资，报酬salary n.薪金，薪水sal=salt(盐)salad n.色拉，莴苣，生菜salt n.盐，盐类vi.加盐于与“调料”相关的单词vinegar n.醋pepper n.胡椒，胡椒粉sauce n.调味汁，酱汁形近单词saucer n.茶托，浅碟与“餐具”相关的单词bowl n.碗，体；碗状物dish n.碟，盘子，菜肴plate n.板，片，盘vt.电镀tray n.（浅）盘，托盘，碟pan n.平底锅，盘子fork n.餐叉；叉；分叉knife n.小刀，刀，餐刀spoon n.匙，调羹Smart 词汇记忆组群23duce,duct=to lead(领导)procedure n.手续，过程produce v.生产，制造；显示，出示n.农产品reproduce v.繁殖，生殖；复制product n.产品，产物；（乘）积production a.生产，产量；产品，作品productive a.生产的；丰饶的conduct v.处理，管理；指挥，引导；传导，传（热、电）n.举止，行为conductor n.售票员；（乐队）指挥；导体introduce vt.介绍；引进，传入；引言，导论reduce vt.减少，减小；简化；使成为reduction n.减少，减小deduce vt.演绎，推断educate vt.教育，培养education n.教育，培养与“教育”相关的单词academy n.私立中学；转科学院academic a.学院的；学术的campus n.校园，学校场地grade n.（学校的）年级；成绩，分数；等级，级别vt.给...分等级class n.班，班级，阶级monitor n.班长，监视器v.监听headmaster n.校长master n.男主人，雇主；师傅，名家；（Master）硕士vt.精通，掌握a.主要的bachelor n.学士doctor n.医生，医师；博士degree n.程度；度数；学位；等级pupil n.（小）学生；瞳孔scholarship n.学业成绩；奖学金scholar n.学者（尤指文学方面）learned a.有学问的，博学的learning n.学习；学问，知识semester n.半年，学期，半学年term n.（pl.）条件；术语；期限，某特定的期间；学期tuition n.教，教诲；学费tutor n.家庭教师，导师professor n.教授fess=to speak(说)profession n.职业，自由职业professional a.职业的，专业的，专门的n.专业人员，自由职业者confess vt.供认，坦白，承认Smart 词汇记忆组群24able a.有能力的；出色的ability n.能力，才能unable a.不能的，不会的disable vt.使无能，使伤残enable vt.使能够，使可能相关单词capable a.有能力的，有才能的cap=to take(取)，head(头)captive a.被俘虏的，被监禁的n.俘虏，战俘capture vt.捕获，俘获n.捕获，俘获capability n.性能，容量；能力，才能incapable a.没有能力的cap vt.覆盖于...顶端n.便帽，盖子capital n.首都；大写字母；资本a.大写的；主要的，基本的captain vt.做...的首领，指挥n.首领，队长；船长，舰长；上尉形近单词curtain n.帘，窗帘；幕（布）Britain n.不列颠，英国与“国家、地域”相关的单词British a.不列颠的，英联邦的America n.美洲，美国American a.美洲的n.美国人Africa a.非洲African a.非洲的n.非洲人Arabian a.阿拉伯的Asia n.亚洲Asian a.亚洲的n.亚洲人Atlantic a.大西洋的n.大西洋Australia n.澳大利亚Australian a.澳大利亚的n.澳大利亚人Canada n.加拿大Canadian a.加拿大的n.加拿大人China n.中国Chinese a.中国的n.中国人china n.瓷器，陶瓷England n.英格兰，英国English n.英语a.英国人的Engliashman n.英国男子Europe n.欧洲European a.欧洲的n.欧洲人France n.法国，法兰西French a.法国的n.法国人German a.德国的n.德国人Germany n.德意志，德国Greek a.希腊的n.希腊人India n.印度Indian a.印度的n.印度人Italian a.意大利的n.意大利人Japan n.日本，日本国Japanese a.日本的n.日本人Latin a.拉丁的n.拉丁语Oceania n.大洋洲pacific a.和平的n.太平洋Portuguese n.葡萄牙人；葡萄牙语Roman n.古罗马人a.罗马的Russian a.俄罗斯的n.俄国人Soviet n.苏维埃a.苏维埃的Spanish a.西班牙的n.西班牙人Swiss a.瑞士的n.瑞士人Jewish a.犹太人的Negro n.黑人race n.人种，种族；（速度上的）比赛vi.跑；（使）比速度racial a.种族的，人种的tribe n.部落，宗族Smart 词汇记忆组群25spell vt.拼写spelling n.拼字，拼写法dictionary n.词典，字典dict,dit=to say(说)dictate v.口授；命令dictation n.口授笔录，听写condition n.状况，状态；环境，形势，条件predict v.预言，预告contradiction n.矛盾，不一致；否认contra-=against[变化形]counter-contrary a.相反的n.相反encounter vt.遭遇，遇到n.遭遇counter n.柜台；计数器a.相反的vt.反对ad.相反地count=to count(计算)account n.讲述，说明；帐，帐户；考虑，顾及count v.有价值；数，计数；算数，值得考虑n.计数，总数相关单词calculate vt.计算，核算；估计，推测；打算，计划cale=lime(石灰)calculation n.计算，计算结果calculator n.计算器，计算者Smart 词汇记忆组群26banner n.旗，旗帜，横幅slogan n. 标语，口号flag n.旗，旗帜相关单词march vi.行军；游行示威demonstrate vt.说明；论证；表露vi.游行示威parade n.游行；检阅vi.游行par,pair=to prepare(准备)paradise n.天堂prepare v.准备，预备preparation n.准备，预备repair n.（pl.）修理，修补vt.修理，修补；补救，纠正apparatus n.器械，器具，设备separately ad.分离地separation n.分离，分开separate a.分离的，分开的v.（使）分离，（使）分开相关单词divide v.划分，分；分配；隔开；（by）除divid,divis=to divide(分割)division n.分，分开；分配，分担；除（法）；部门individual n.个人，个体a.个别的，单独的；独特的lect,leg,lig=to choose(选择)，to gather(集合)，to read(读) collect v.收集，聚集；取，接；收（帐，税等）collection n.收集；收集品recollect vt.回忆，想起lecture n./vi.演讲，讲课elect v.选举，推选；选择election n.选举，选择权；当选select v.选择，挑选selection n.选择intellectual n.知识分子a.智力的intelligence n.智力，聪明；消息，情报intelligent a.聪明的，明智的legend n.传说，传奇diligent a.勤勉的，勤奋的neglect vt.忽视，忽略；疏忽neg=deny(否认)negative a.否定的；消极的，反面的；负的，阴性的n.负片，底片；负数相关单词positive a.确定的，明确的；积极的，肯定的；正的，阳性的pos=to place,to put(置放)position n.位置；职位，职务；姿势，姿态；见解，立场composition n.构成，成分；作文，作品compose v.组成，构成；创作，为...谱曲post v.贴出，张贴；邮寄，投寄；（用布告）宣布，公告n.杆，柱；哨所；邮寄postage n.邮费deposit vt.使沉淀，使沉积；存放，寄存；储蓄n.沉积物；存款；押金dispose vt.安排，处理vi.（of）丢掉，销毁expose v.暴露；（to）使处于...作用（或影响）下；揭露exposure n.暴露；揭露；曝光impose vt.把...强加于；征（税）opposite a. 对面的；相反的，对立的n.对立物，对立面prep./ad.在对面propose vt.建议；打算vi.（to）求婚proposal n.提议，建议；求婚purpose n.目的，意图；用途；效果suppose vt.猜想，以为；（用于祈使句）让，假设oppose vt.反对，反抗。
英语专业泛读第四册unit 1 expedition
• Pa 10 • What about his research results from Lake Yoa? • Pa.11 scanning: How have his trips placed him
in difficult situations? • Pa.12 skimming: why nature is the enemy? • Pa.13 skimming: What other works has he done? • Pa.14 What does he plan to do in the Sahara? • Why does he do such things?
III. The text:
Unit 1 Science in the Sahara：Man of the Desert
• Pa. 1 scanning: How about Stefan Kropelin’s first research trip to the eastern Sahara? Why?
• 5. Can you predict the main contents of the text?
• 6. What qualities should an explorer own?
• II. 7 Suppose you lived in the desert, how would you plan to arrange your life there?
• Remote: adj. 1）far distant in place or time偏远的，偏 僻的.
• 2）冷漠的;冷淡的;与人疏远的;清高的sb does not want to be friendly or closely involved with other people.
2025英语大一轮复习讲义人教版 选择性必修第四册 Unit 4 Sharing
速记 词汇句型背诵
6 deserve →deserving
7 consultation →consult →consultant
vt.值得；应得；应受 adj.值得的；应得的 n.咨询；咨询会 vt.咨询；请教 n.顾问
速记 词汇句型背诵
8 stability →stable →unstable
选择性必修第四册
Unit 4 Sharing
内容索引
基础知识排查 核心考点突破 基础知识达标 写作能力提升
< 第一部分 >
基础知识排查
速记 词汇句型背诵
Ⅰ.阅读单词——会意
1 jam 2 clay 3 weed
4 tablet
n.果酱；堵塞 n.黏土；陶土 n.杂草；野草 vt.& vi.除杂草 n.平板电脑；便笺本；药片
8 tense /tens/
adj.有形的；真实的；可触 摸的；可感知的
adj.难以形容(或理解)的；不 易度量的；无形的
adj.令人紧张的；焦虑不安 的；绷紧的
速记 词汇句型背诵
9 grope /ɡrəʊp/ grope one’s way toward(s)
10 dash /dæʃ/
vi.& vt.摸索；摸索着走 摸索着朝……走 vt.& vi.猛掷；猛击；猛冲 n.猛冲；匆忙
默写 词汇句型巩固
6. shade
7. wrinkle
8. pray 9. privilege 10. lately
vt.给……遮挡(光线)；加灯罩；把……涂暗 n.阴凉处；灯罩；阴影部分 vt.& vi.(使脸上)起皱纹；皱起 n.皱纹 vi.& vt.企盼；祈祷 n.优惠待遇；特权 adv.最近；不久前；近来
高中英语优秀资料共同成长4选修10试题
一共同成长本卷贰O贰贰年贰月捌日编写；出题人：令狐学复；欧阳化语；令狐理总。
见仁见智My grandmother became a widow in 1970.Shortly after that,we went to the animal shelter to pick out a puppy to keep her company.Grandma and Penny,the dog,quickly became very fond of each other,and that fondness grew much stronger about three years later when Grandma had a stroke.Grandma could no longer work,so when she came home from the hospital,she and Penny were constant companions.As the years passed,Grandma and Penny became inseparable.If Grandma went to take her nap,Penny walked along beside her and stayed by her side until she awoke.As Penny aged,she could no longer jump up on the bed to lie next to Grandma,so she lay on the rug beside the bed.The time came when both my grandmother and Penny’s health were failing fast.Penny couldn’t get around very well,and Grandma had been hospitalized several times.During these times,Penny sat at the window looking out for the car bringing Grandma home and would excitedly wait at the door when grandma came through it.Each homecoming was a grand reunion between the two.On Christmas Day in 1985,Grandma was again taken to the hospital.Penny,as usual,sat watching out the window for the car bringing Grandma home.Two mornings later when the dog woke up,she couldn’t seem to w ork out the stiffness in her hips as she usually did.The same morning,she began having seizures(抽搐).At age fifteen,we knew it was time.My mother and aunt tool her to the vet and stayed with her until the end.We had to tell her about it while she was in the hospital because when we pulled up at the house,the first thing Grandma would look for was her beloved Penny watching out the windowand then happily greeting her at the door.Grandma shed some tears but said she knew that it had to be done so Penny woul dn’t suffer.That night while still in the hospital,Grandma had a massive heart attack.After fifteen years of living companionship,Grandma and Penny passed away within a few hours of each other.God had it al worked out—Penny was waiting at door when Grandma came home.【问题导入】随着社会经济的开展，在外地工作的子女日益增多;即使不在外地工作，多数子女成家立业后都选择与父母分开居住，这就不可防止地造成老年人的孤独寂寞。
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插班生英语冲刺阶段天天练（4）一词汇选择1.You should keep calm during your_______test.Do not be nervous.A.oralB.platformC.rudeD.shield2.Our guide gave us a detailed_______of this painting but we still do not understand.A.authorityB.interpretationC.instructionD.institution3.Our_______is London.But the plane took us to Paris.A.departureB.donkeyC.destinationD.discount4.Generally speaking,there is always a generation_______in every country.A.gapB.breakC.globeD.equality5.Careful planning and hard work will_______our final success.A.encloseB.ensureC.dischargeD.deny6.He_______to his roommate for being so rude yesterday.A.worriedB.doubtedC.apologizedD.dissolved7.When you take a picture,you should_______carefully to get a sharp picture.A.focusB.objectC.preserveD.fix8.The Chinese food in the United States is usually_______for American people.A.exchangedB.alteredC.modifiedD.cooked9.There are_______approaches to English teaching.But not all of them are equally efficient for our Chinese students.A.doubleB.jointinateD.diverse10.He has a bad impression of his_______in the office.A.colleaguesB.bulletsC.barbersD.audience11.His eyes_______with rage but he did not dare to say anything.A.flashedB.wickedC.votedD.protested12.The list is arranged according to the_______professions of the audience.A.respectiveB.responsibleC.resourceD.resolution13.This is our_______.So you can do what you need to do here.A.substanceB.scheduleC.noticeD.noun14.That rich man has been dead for a long time but his________is still not known to the public.A.sausageB.shelfC.portionD.will15.I could have_______such a situation but I didn’t.A.forecastB.overcomeC.shedD.urged16.I prefer a_______typewriter to an automatic one.A.mechanicB.manualC.merchantD.mental17.If you want to stop for a moment,just press the‘_______’button on your tape recorder.A.toiletB.thumbC.violinD.pause20.I have_______three terrible English examinations this week.A.observedB.operatedC.undergoneD.suffered21.This is a purely_______problem,not a political one.A.additionalB.advantageC.announceD.academic22.The_______TOEFL score for entering this program is600.A.lessB.sandyC.stainD.minimum23.The best example of a paradox is the proverb‘More_______,less speed’.A.hasteB.rangeC.possessionD.purse24.This company provides a very good_______service for its products.A.maintenanceB.meritC.philosophyD.pigeon25.There is more_______in meat than in vegetables.A.damB.proteinC.cashD.bloody26.Do not_______in the exam.This will do you no good.A.coinB.disasterC.cheatD.resort27.Because of the boring_______,we need to take a vacation every year.A.routineB.surgeryC.rifleD.sake28.We need to_______the purpose of the experiment again.A.clarifyB.cheekC.claimD.clap29.I_______great success for my study in this university.A.disgustB.proceedC.pioneerD.anticipate30.From the_______from this examination,we know it is too easy for the students.A.feedbackB.frostC.outlineD.overlook31.He drove very fast to_______that red car.A.scatterB.overtakeC.siteD.sponsor32.Slides are sometimes called________film.A.whistleB.vigorousC.robotD.transparent33.Professor Smith_______the most important part in his paper.A.omittedB.disputedC.designedD.chased34.This knife is made of steel_______and it can be used for a long time.A.mixedB.alloyC.championD.grasp35.The theory of_______was developed by Darwin and is now understood by nearly everybody in the world.A.determinationB.distributionC.disciplineD.evolution36.Mr.Green has recently been_______to director of the president’s office.A.pushedB.purchasedC.promotedD.promised37.We don’t think that his_______ability has been well developed.A.possibleB.potentialC.underneathD.vital38.Our_______talks promise a good future for our cooperation.A.interiorB.insuranceC.initialD.invisible39.The_______can help people to see very small objects.A.metropolitanB.microphoneC.microscopeD.microwave40.Physically we feel comfortable.But_______,we suffer a lot.A.psychologicallyB.moderatelyC.naturallyD.precisely41.Mary has a_______view of our future.But nobody believes what she said.A.portableB.primaryC.possessionD.positive42.Nobody knows his_______for helping us.A.motiveB.motionC.moodD.moral43.Both sides agree to establish a_______zone between the south and north.A.midstdC.mentionD.neutral44.This is a_______moment for our research.We should be careful.A.criticalB.beltC.conscienceD.copper45.This textbook is for the_______students,not for the beginners.A.observationB.transportationC.advancedD.transfer46.When I read the newspaper,I always read the_______first.A.headlinesB.headquartersC.heavenD.horizon47.They_______our house at$10,000.A.countB.vanishC.weaveD.assess48.When he studied at college,Jack was supported by a_______.A.treatmentB.assistanceC.scholarshipD.protein49.Even as_______,he made several wonderful inventions.A.a stockB.a representativeC.an undergraduateD.a gulf50.An emergency_______is very important in case of fire.A.exitB.depositC.dischargeD.elaborate二词汇填空1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.1.She was running()outside her house,shouting for help.2.The disease is more commonly()Mad Cow Disease.3.He is having()trouble with his car,isn’t he?4.The little girl had to hold onto the railings to().5.I prefer to live near my work()spend a lot of time traveling every day.6.I used to()him as someone who would always help me,but I was wrong.四句子汉译英1.需要相当多的练习才能在速度和耐力两方面均技术娴熟。